人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters 期末复习检测（含答案）

B1Unit 4 复习学案
一．词汇变形
1. _________ vt.摧毁；毁灭→_________ n.破坏；毁灭
2. _________ vi.死；死亡→_________adj.死的，死亡的→_________ n.死；死亡
3. _________v. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动→_________ n.喜爱；钟爱
4. _________ n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊→_________ adj.吃惊的，震惊的→_________ adj.惊人的；令人震惊的
5. _________ adj.用电的；电动的→_________ adj.电的；与电有关的→_________ n. 电
6. _________ n. 气息；呼吸→_________vi.& vt. 呼吸→_________ adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的
7. _________vt.& vi. 复活；(使)复苏→_________ n.振兴；复苏
8. _________ adj.有智慧的；聪明的→_________ n.智慧；才智
9. _________ vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.受苦→_________ n.痛苦，困难
10. _________ vi.& vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→_________ n. 火山爆发；(战争等)爆发
11. _________ vi. 生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→_________ n. 生存；幸存；幸存事物→_________ n.幸存者
12. _________ n. 电力供应；能量；力量→_________ adj.强有力的；有权势的；有影响力的
13. _________ v. 递送；发表；接生→ _________ n. 递送；分娩
14. _________ n. 总结；概括 → _________ v. 总结；概括
15. _________ n. 影响；结果；效果→ _________ adj.有效的；生效的→ _________ adv.有效地
16. _________ adj.长的→ _________n.长；长度→ _________ v. 使延长；使变长
二、重点短语
1. a flood of... / floods of... 大批；大量... ... 充满
... 涌入；涌进
2. ... 把某人从......救出来 营救某人
3. ... 损害；损失
4. 使...免受...；为...提供避难所
5. 因…而感到震惊
6. 困住；陷入困境
7. 埋头于；专心致志于
8. 屏息 深呼吸
9. make an effort to do sth. = 努力做某事
make every effort to do sth. 尽一切努力做某事 不遗余力做某事
10. suffer from... 遭受(苦难等)
11. = 给某人提供…
12. 上台执政
13. 保持冷静 （使）平静下来
14. 在...帮助下；借助于
帮助某人 急救箱
15. ride a / the wave of受益于...；乘...之势
16. 某人突然想到到...... 罢工
17. 发表演讲 接生婴儿
送货员 18. 总的来说
19. 实施；实行 在实施中；实际上；
生效 起作用
对......有影响 副作用
三、重点句型
1. It seemed _________ the world !（as if 引导的表语从句）
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
2. Thousands of children were . (leave sb+宾语补足语）
数以千计的孩子失去了父母。
3. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will .（make+it+adj.+to do)
然而，危险的条件和受损的道路将会使运送食物和物资变得困难。
4. , there was nothing but ruins. ( everywhere作连词引导状语从句）
幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟。
5. The army sent 150.000 soldiers to Tangshan . (“the+形容词”表示一类人或者物）
部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
B
Recently an old friend reached out to me to ask about the success I’ve had in my life (or at least what looks like success on social media XD) and how I achieved it. He has similar goals as me: get in shape, get into music more seriously, and be fluent in Japanese.
Though I haven’t entirely reached my long-term goals yet in any of these 3 ways, he’s seen that I’ve made some progress on my journey to achieving these goals and wanted my advice.
We had a nice hour and a half chat on the phone about this and it seemed like he was pretty motivated by the end of the chat. A week went by and he told me that he signed up for a personal fitness trainer, was studying music theory, and sent me clips of him studying Japanese. He’s posting regularly on social media about all the progress he’s making. He’s motivated and doing great!
At last I’ll have to remind him that progress isn’t linear (线性的) and that he’ll finally meet with some challenges in the road, but I’m letting him enjoy the present progress in the meantime and will help him tackle them when that time comes.
I’m grateful for him giving me the opportunity to serve him and give him advice, and I’m grateful to see that he’s investing the time and money to promote his life. He even posted recently about how grateful he is with all the recent changes in his life.
Even if you’re still not where you want to be, there are a lot of people out there who want what you have and who are impressed with how far you’ve come. It’s extremely joyful to be aware how far you’ve come, be proud of yourself, and recognize how much you can help others achieve the same.
4. Why did the author’s friend contact him
A. To thank him for the advice on success. B. To consult him about some proposals.
C. To require him to share his success on XD. D. To ask for advice on how to set goals to achieve.
5. What does the underlined word “tackle” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. get over B. apply for C. focus on D. relate to
6. Which of the following can best describe the author’s friend
A Anxious and outgoing. B. Responsible and wise.
C. Purposeful and active. D. Motivated and humorous.
7. What does the author mainly express in the last paragraph
A. You should make use of your advantages. B. You should take pride in what others achieve.
C. You’ve come a lot further than you realize. D. You should turn to others when you feel confused.
C
（2024·河南省商丘市部分名校）Ten million Americans are considering freelancing (从事自由职业), according to Upwork’s Great Resignation survey. Among those planning to quit their jobs, 52% are giving freelancing serious consideration. What’s more, many are choosing freelancing over full-time work; it’s no longer just a fallback or a side job.
One of the key benefits of freelancing is that you get to choose your own workload. Unrealistic expectations at work and the lack of boundaries have seen many a full-time worker burn out. However, freelancers have much more control over their workloads. This is not to say that freelancers don’t burn out. They manage their workload better and prioritize other aspects of their life. They don’t usually get to choose their boss or their teammates at a traditional job. They get to choose who they work with. Unlike full-time workers, freelancers have greater freedom to do the work they enjoy — and say no to the work they don’t. This results in greater job satisfaction.
Of course, there are disadvantages of pursuing freelancing. Employees in many countries receive benefits that are part of their employment contracts. When you’re a freelancer, you work for yourself so you let go of these benefits. Your workload may be inconsistent. Sometimes when it rains, it pours and you may have multiple projects on your plate. At other times, you may not have much work. This fluctuation in cash flow can feel like a huge negative for new freelancers. As a business owner, your business’s success or failure is entirely dependent on you, which can feel overwhelming. You will also have to learn to become your own best advocate, promoting your products to find new projects and clients and expand your business.
Of course, to freelance or not to freelance depends on yourself. Anyway, businesses are increasingly adding skills. Independent professionals are powering the rebuild. Therefore, more businesses are open to remote work, hiring talent irrespective of their distance from a corporate office. This changing attitude has increased the number of opportunities for freelancers to find high-paying and meaningful work.
8. What contributes to a freelancer’s greater job satisfaction
A. Making self-selection of job types.
B. Being free from taking responsibility.
C. Enjoying welfare provided by government.
D. Developing harmonious interpersonal relationships.
9. What does the underlined word “fluctuation” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Development. B. Unsteadiness. C. Inefficiency. D. Exchange.
10. What will a freelancer have to do to develop his business
A. Market himself. B. Consult professionals. C. Depend on clients. D. Improve employment contracts.
11. What does the author think of the future of freelancing
A. Challenging. B. Unpredictable. C. Promising. D. Changeless.
七选五
Social anxiety is a mental disorder that is often misunderstood. It’s not just as simple as feeling shy or not wanting to engage in big groups. ___16___. Luckily, there are a few small steps you can take to start/feeling more comfortable in social settings.
___17___
Generally speaking, the physical symptoms (症状) of anxiety include an increase in heart rate, muscle tension and dizziness (头晕). In all of these cases, it’s important to take a minute and slow down your breathing to help you gain control back of your body.
Challenge your thoughts
People with social anxiety often have negative thoughts when in a social situation. Perhaps you’re worried you might trip over, or laugh or cough at the wrong time. ___18___. They may cause discomfort, but try to challenging these worries and replace them with more helpful ones.
Set goals
The idea of goal setting is not only to decide where you want to end up, but to learn about where you are now. In this way, you can clearly see your progress. Remember though, never compare yourself to others in terms of social success.___19___.
Say yes
Maybe you’ve gotten into the habit of saying “no” to everything you get invited to. But it’s time to start saying “yes”! If you’re invited to do something social, don’t turn it down and accept the invitation. ___20___. However, over time, the more you attend social activities, the less scared you will feel to go.
A. Encourage yourself
B. Focus on breathing
C. You may feel a little anxious at first.
D. The truth is, these things happen at any time.
E. It doesn’t mean that others are going to think badly of you.
F. Focus on yourself and how you are doing week by week, month by month.
G. It involves being fearful of social situations, especially unfamiliar ones.
V Book 1 Unit 4一、词性转换
1. destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭→ destruction n.破坏；毁灭
2. die vi.死亡；消失→ dead adj.去世的；无生气的→dying adj.垂死的；没落的 →deadly adj. 致命的→ death n.死亡
3. affect v. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动→ affection n.喜爱；钟爱
4. shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊→ shocked adj.吃惊的，震惊的→ shocking adj.惊人的；令人震惊的
5. electric adj.用电的；电动的→ electrical adj.电力的；与电有关的→ electricity n.电
6. breath n. 气息；呼吸→ breathe vi.& vt. 呼吸→ breathless adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的
7. revive vt.& vi. 复活；(使)复苏→ revival n.振兴；复苏
8. wise adj.有智慧的；聪明的→ wisdom n.智慧；才智
9. suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.受苦→ suffering n.痛苦，苦难
10. erupt vi.& vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→ eruption n. 火山爆发；(战争等)爆发
11. survive vi. 生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→ survival n. 生存；幸存→ survivor n.幸存者
12. power n.电力供应；能量；力量→ powerful adj.强有力的；有权势的；有影响力的
13. deliver v. 递送；发表；接生→ delivery n. 递送；分娩
14. summary n. 总结；概括 →summarize/summarise v. 总结；概括
15. effect n. 影响；结果；效果→ effective adj.有效的；生效的→ effectively adv.有效地
16. long adj.长的→ length n.长；长度→ lengthen v. 使延长；使变长
二、短语识记
1. a flood of... / floods of... 大批；大量...
be flooded with... 充满 flood into... 涌入；涌进
2. rescue sb. from... 把某人从......救出来
come to sb’s rescue 营救某人
3. do/ cause damage to... 损害；损失
4. shelter...from... 使...免受...；为...提供避难所
5.be shocked at/ by... 因…而感到
6. be trapped in... 困住；陷入困境
7. be buried in=bury oneself in 埋头于；专心致志于
8. hold one’s breath 屏息 take a deep breath 深呼吸
9. make an effort to do sth. =make efforts to do sth. 努力做某事
make every effort to do sth. 尽一切努力做某事spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力做某事
10.suffer from 遭受
11. supply sth. to sb.=supply sb. with sth. 给某人提供…
12. come to power 上台执政
13. stay / keep calm 保持冷静
calm down （使）平静下来
14. with the aid of 在...帮助下；借助于
come to one’s aid 帮助某人
first aid kit =an emergency kit 急救箱
15. ride a / the wave of受益于...；乘...之势
16. It strikes sb + that从句 某人突然想到...... go on strike 罢工
17. deliver a speech/lecture 发表演讲 deliver a baby接生婴儿 a delivery man 送货员
18. in summary总的来说
19. bring/put...into effect 实施；实行
in effect在实施中；实际上；事实上
take effect 生效 come into effect 起作用
have a... effect on 对......有影响side effect 副作用
三、佳句背诵
1. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!（as if 引导的表语从句）
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
2. Thousands of children were left without parents. (leave sb+宾语补足语）
数以千计的孩子失去了父母。
3. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.（make+it+adj.+to do)
然而，危险的条件和受损的道路将会使运送食物和物资变得困难。
4. Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. ( everywhere作连词引导状语从句）
幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟。
5. The army sent 150.000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. (“the+形容词”表示一类人或者物）
部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的老朋友联系他，向他寻求如何获得现有成就的建议，虽然作者认为自己还远没有达成既定的长期目标，但是作者的建议依然给了朋友积极的影响，这让作者非常欣慰，也让作者明白即使你还没有达到自己的目标，但你仍然已经比你以为的走得更远。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Recently an old friend reached out to me to ask about the success I’ve had in my life (or at least what looks like success on social media XD) and how I achieved it. He has similar goals as me: get in shape, get into music more seriously, and be fluent in Japanese.(最近，一位老朋友找到我，问我在生活中取得的成功（或者至少在社交媒体XD上看起来是成功的）以及我是如何取得成功的。他和我有相似的目标：保持身材，更认真地接触音乐，流利地说日语。)”和第二段“Though I haven’t entirely reached my long-term goals yet in any of these 3 ways, he’s seen that I’ve made some progress on my journey to achieving these goals and wanted my advice.(虽然我还没有完全达到我的长期目标，但他看到我在实现这些目标的过程中取得了一些进步，并想要我的建议。)”可知，作者的朋友联系他是为了向他寻求建议。故选B。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“he’ll finally meet with some challenges in the road(他最终会在路上遇到一些挑战)”和“when that time comes(当那个时刻到来的时候)”可知，此处是指帮助他克服遇到的挑战，所以tackle意为“克服”。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“He has similar goals as me: get in shape, get into music more seriously, and be fluent in Japanese.(他和我有相似的目标：保持身材，更认真地接触音乐，流利地说日语。)”和第三段最后三句“A week went by and he told me that he signed up for a personal fitness trainer, was studying music theory, and sent me clips of him studying Japanese. He’s posting regularly on social media about all the progress he’s making. He’s motivated and doing great!(一个星期过去了，他告诉我，他报名了一个私教课，正在学习音乐理论，并给我发了他学习日语的片段。他定期在社交媒体上发布他取得的所有进展。他很有动力，做得很好！)”可知，作者的朋友是一个目标明确、积极主动的人。故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Even if you’re still not where you want to be, there are a lot of people out there who want what you have and who are impressed with how far you’ve come. It’s extremely joyful to be aware how far you’ve come, be proud of yourself, and recognize how much you can help others achieve the same.(即使你还没有达到你的目标，也有很多人想要你所拥有的，他们对你所取得的成就印象深刻。意识到自己已经走了多远，为自己感到骄傲，并意识到自己可以帮助别人取得同样的成就，这是一件非常快乐的事。)”可知，最后一段中作者主要是讲你远比你意识到的走得更远。故选C。
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文，文章分析了从事自由职业的利弊。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Unlike full-time workers, freelancers have greater freedom to do the work they enjoy—and say no to the work they don’t. This results in greater job satisfaction.(与全职工作者不同，自由职业者有更大的自由去做他们喜欢的工作，并对他们不喜欢的工作说不，这会提高工作满意度)”可知，自行选择工作类型使自由职业者有更大的工作满意度。故选A项。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段“Sometimes when it rains, it pours and you may have multiple projects on your plate. At other times, you may not have much work.(有时下雨，倾盆大雨，你可能有多个项目要做。在其他时候，你可能没有太多的工作)”可知，画线词析在句子意为“这种现金流的波动对新的自由职业者来说可能是一个巨大的负面影响。”因此，fluctuation 在此意为“不稳定性”，和B项意思相近。故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“You will also have to learn to become your own best advocate, promoting your products to find new projects and clients and expand your business.(你还必须学会成为自己最好代言人，推广你的产品来寻找新的项目和客户，拓展你的业务)”可知，为了发展业务，自由职业者不得不营销自己。故选A项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Anyway, businesses are increasingly adding skills. Independent professionals are powering the rebuild. Therefore, more businesses are open to remote work. hiring talent irrespective of their distance from a corporate office. This changing attitude has increased the number of opportunities for freelancers to find high-paying and meaningful work.(无论如何，企业越来越多地增加技能，独立的专业人士正在为重建提供动力，因此，越来越多的企业对远程工作持开放态度，雇佣人才，无论他们与公司办公室的距离如何。这种态度的改变增加了自由职业者找到高薪和有意义工作的机会)”可知，作者认为自由职业者的未来前景很好。故选C项。
【答案】16. G 17. B 18. D 19. F 20. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在社交环境中感觉更舒适的方法。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Social anxiety is a mental disorder that is often misunderstood. It’s not just as simple as feeling shy or not wanting to engage in big groups.(社交焦虑是一种经常被误解的精神障碍。这不仅仅是感到害羞或不想参与大群体那么简单)”可知，本句承接上文，继续说明社交焦虑的表现。故G选项“它包括害怕社交场合，尤其是不熟悉的场合”符合语境，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据后文“Generally speaking, the physical symptoms (症状) of anxiety include an increase in heart rate, muscle tension and dizziness (头晕). In all of these cases, it’s important to take a minute and slow down your breathing to help you gain control back of your body.(一般来说，焦虑的身体症状包括心率加快、肌肉紧张和头晕。在所有这些情况下，重要的是花一分钟时间放慢你的呼吸，以帮助你控制你的身体)”可知，本段的建议是花一分钟时间放慢你的呼吸，来帮助控制身体，即专注于呼吸。故B选项“专注呼吸”符合语境，故选B。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Perhaps you’re worried you might trip over, or laugh or cough at the wrong time.(也许你担心自己会被绊倒，或者在错误的时间笑或咳嗽)”以及后文“They may cause discomfort, but try to challenging these worries and replace them with more helpful ones.(它们可能会引起不适，但试着挑战这些担忧，用更有益的担忧来取代它们)”可知，本句承接上文，说明如何看待上文提到的“被绊倒，或者在错误的时间笑或咳嗽”这些事情。故D选项“事实是，这些事情随时都可能发生”符合语境，故选D。
【19题详解】
根据上文“The idea of goal setting is not only to decide where you want to end up, but to learn about where you are now. In this way, you can clearly see your progress. Remember though, never compare yourself to others in terms of social success.(设定目标不仅是决定你想要达到的目标，而且是了解你现在所处的位置。这样，你可以清楚地看到你的进步。记住，永远不要拿自己和别人在社交上的成功进行比较)”可知，本段的主旨是设定目标，且上文提到了不要和别人比较，说明要专注自己提高。故F选项“关注你自己，关注你一周一周、一月一月做得怎么样”符合语境，故选F。
【20题详解】
根据上文“If you’re invited to do something social, don’t turn it down and accept the invitation.(如果你被邀请参加社交活动，不要拒绝，接受邀请)”可知，上文建议有社交焦虑的人接受邀请，参加社交活动，故本句说明有社交焦虑的人对此的反应。故C选项“一开始你可能会感到有点焦虑”符合语境，故选C。