(共41张PPT)
Period Ⅳ Using Language & Other Parts of the Unit
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
听力 微技能
研读 教材原文
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1
2
4
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夯实 语言基础
3
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精析 核心要点
1
听力 微技能
总结概括信息
在积极的倾听过程中，概括总结可帮助你记忆和思考所听到的要点信息。为了写好总结，必须一边听一边记录听到的要点。总结的时候，要尽可能简洁，用自己的语言。对此种能力的考查在高考听力独白题中比较常见的是“Topic”题型。
1.问题类型
(1)What is the topic of the passage
(2)What is the main subject/idea of the passage
(3)What is the passage mainly talking about
2.解题技巧
“Topic”题型主要考查应试者对一段独白的中心思想的把握，即对主题的内容是否有基本的了解。这类题目都具有鲜明的英文写作的结构特点，通常是总—分—总结构，即段首总括提出观点，中间具体论证说明观点，结尾用结论扣题，与开头的观点相呼应。所以听好开头和结尾的语句，可以帮助把握整篇独白的中心。
【典题印证】 What does Jeff mainly talk about
A.England’s moment of success.
B.English flag as a symbol of hope.
C.England’s all－time favourite sport.
[听力原文]
M：Hello，I’m Jeff Anderson from Coventry，England.And in today’s program，I’d like to share with you a special kind of English culture—the football.A lot of people in England are crazy about football.During the football season whenever there is a big match，all the flags for local football teams，such as Liverpool and Newcastle，are hung outside every window，or even spread proudly on T－shirts or scarves...You cannot say you don’t like or do not follow football in England，as often this would lead to a long dialogue in which someone would begin telling you why you should support their team.
[解题思路] C [此题考查的是主旨大意，根据开头“And in today’s program...the football.”以及结尾“You cannot say you don’t like...why you should support their team.”可知选C。]
2
研读 教材原文
Step Ⅰ Read for the main idea
1.The passage mainly talks about ________________________________________ and ________________________________________ in the Li River.
the water pollution
measures taken to deal with it
2.The passage can be divided into three parts：
water pollution
the reasons
some
measures and further solutions
√
Step Ⅱ Read between the lines
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What can we know about Li River from Paragraph 1
A.It is the most famous tourist destination in China.
B.Millions of visitors come to visit it from home and abroad.
C.The water there is dirty all the time.
D.There are no efficient solutions to the water pollution.
√
2.Which is NOT the cause of the Li River’s pollution
A.Many tour boats.
B.More household and commercial waste.
C.Too many fish species.
D.More chemicals.
3.What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
A.People can do nothing to reduce water pollution in the Li River.
B.Tourists are not allowed to visit the Li River.
C.The local authorities never inspect the Li River.
D.Some measures have been taken to reduce water pollution in the Li River.
√
4.According to the passage，which is NOT the measures that have been taken to reduce the pollution of the river
A.Preserving new generation.
B.The construction of waste water treatment facilities.
C.Setting up strict regulations.
D.Spreading environmental awareness.
√
5.What does the author think of the measures that have been taken
A.Effective. B.Harmless.
C.Useless. D.Opposed.
6.What is the genre of this passage
A.Prose(散文). B.Narration.
C.Argumentation. D.Report.
√
√
Step Ⅲ Read for beautiful sentences
(Ⅰ)Read the report and find out the sentence that shows the purpose of the report.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(Ⅱ)Read the report and find out the sentence that shows what the Li River was previously.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
This report looks at the problem of water pollution and some actions that have been taken to deal with it.
Previously,water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists，many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river.
(Ⅲ)Read the report and find out the sentences that show the actions taken.
1.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A comprehensive initiative was started，with a number of measures that addressed the issues.
The local government set up strict regulations regarding further industrial development.
Furthermore，the local authorities began to use the media to spread environmental awareness and encourage greater use of clean energy.
In addition，the ambitious“Water Ten Plan” is also now tackling water pollution across the country.
(Ⅳ)Read the report and find out the sentences for a bright future.
1.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With these measures，it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.
With such campaigns in effect，China’s waterways are heading towards a clean and sustainable future.
3
夯实 语言基础
Ⅰ.写作单词——记其形
1.____________ n.量；体积；(成套书籍中的)一卷
2.____________ vt.恢复；使复原；修复
3.____________ vt.对……处以罚款 n.罚金；罚款
4.____________ n.运动；战役 vi.& vt.参加运动；领导运动
5.____________ n.(一)打；十二个
volume
restore
fine
campaign
dozen
Ⅱ.阅读单词——知其意
1.smog n. ______________________________
2.waterway n. ________________
3.agenda n. ___________________
4.garbage n. ________________
5.enterprise n. ___________________
烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)
水道；航道
议程表；议事日程
垃圾；废物
公司；企业；事业
Ⅲ.拓展单词——通其变
1.origin n.起源；起因；由来
____________ vi.& vt.起源；发源；创立
____________ adj.原始的；最初的；独创的；新颖的
____________ adv.原来；起初
2.dispose vt.& vi.处理；安排
____________ n.去掉；清除；处理
____________ adj.一次性的；用完即丢弃的
originate
original
originally
disposal
disposable
3.tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许
____________ adj.宽容的；容忍的
____________ n.宽容；容忍
4.regular adj.定期的；规律的
____________ adv.定期地；规律地
____________ vt.调节；规定；控制
____________ n.章程；规章制度
tolerant
tolerance
regularly
regulate
regulation
5.inspect vt.检查；视察；检阅
____________ n.检查；查看；视察
6.conserve vt.保存
____________ n.对(环境、文物等)保护；保持
inspection
conservation
Ⅳ.必备短语——英汉译
1.________________处理，应付；与……打交道
2.________________有助于；导致；把时间投入到……；对……作贡献
3.________________结束
4.________________大量的，许多
5.________________成立，建立
6.________________许多；很多
7.________________执行；实行；贯彻
deal with
contribute to
end up
a number of
set up
dozens of
carry out
8.________________此外
9.________________寻找
10.________________灭绝
11.__________________为……负责
12.have an effect on ________________
13.be disposed of ________________
in addition
in search of
die out
be responsible for
对……有影响
被处理掉
Ⅴ.常用句型——会仿写
1.句型公式：“代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句
[原句] Previously，water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists，many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river.
以往，漓江的水质因游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏，一些游客频繁将垃圾扔入江中。
仿写：最后，对完成的作品进行了评审，其中十部作品获得了奖项。
Finally，the completed works were judged，____________________________.
ten of which received awards
2.句型公式：with复合结构
[原句] Water pollution levels increased,with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river.
水污染水平上升，更多的家庭和商业废物最终流入江中。
仿写： 又绝望又疲惫，Jane跪了下来，眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。
Desperate and exhausted，Jane knelt down，
________________________________________.
with tears rolling down her cheeks
3.句型公式：It is believed that...
[原句] With these measures，it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.
有了这些措施，人们相信漓江的美丽将世世代代保存下来。
仿写： 人们认为这是迄今为止在中国发现的最早的也是最大的古代造纸作坊。
________________________________________ it is the earliest and largest ancient paper－making workshop site ever found in China.
It is believed that
精析 核心要点
4
1.originate vi.& vt.起源；发源；创立
·origin n.起源；起因；由来
·original adj.原始的；最初的；独创的；新颖的
·originally adv.原来；起初
[佳句背诵] All theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice.
所有的理论都来源于实践并反过来为实践服务。
(1)originate in 起源于
originate from 来自
(2)in origin 源自；起因
[活学巧用] 单句语法填空/补全句子
The disease is thought to have originated ____________ the tropics.
All knowledge originates ______________ labour.
Though _______________________________________，both have the ability to paralyze action and prevent progress.
虽然这两种说法起源不同，但都可能阻滞行动、阻碍进程。
in
from
the statements differ in origin
2.conservation n.对(环境、文物等)保护；保持；节约
·conserve vt.保护；保存；节省；节约
[佳句背诵] To begin with,don’t overfish to form a good habit of conservation of fishery resources.(短文投稿，2022·全国甲卷)
首先，不要过度捕捞，养成保护渔业资源的良好习惯。
[活学巧用] 语境辨义
We do not ruin urban conservation areas，where many precious plants are preserved.____________
Energy conservation is of vital importance to us because our society is facing energy shortage.____________
n.保护
n.节约
3.tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许
·tolerance n.宽容；容忍
·tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的
[佳句背诵] As we can not tolerate students cheating in exams，a campaign is to be launched to make students realize the importance of honesty.(倡议书)
由于无法容忍学生在考试中作弊，我们将发起一场活动让学生意识到诚实的重要性。
(1)tolerate (doing) sth 容忍(做)某事
(2)have no tolerance of/for... 不能容忍……
(3)be tolerant of/towards... 容忍……， 对……宽容
[名师点津] tolerate/stand“忍受”，后只接动词－ing形式作宾语；bear/ endure可接动词－ing和动词不定式两种形式作宾语。
[活学巧用] 单句语法填空/补全句子
If neighbors want to get along well with each other，they have to show their ____________(tolerate).
Instead of blaming the child，she gave him a ____________ (tolerate) smile and let him go.
tolerance
tolerant
__________________________________________________________________，
so we will launch a campaign to appeal to people to protect our oceans.
(短文投稿，2022·全国甲卷)
我们不能容忍人们向海洋扔垃圾，所以我们将发起一项运动，呼吁人们保护我们的海洋。
We can’t tolerate people/people’s throwing garbage into oceans
Water pollution levels increased，with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river.
水污染水平上升，更多的家庭和商业废物最终流入江中。
句型公式|with复合结构
with复合结构在句中作状语或定语。其中宾语补足语可以是现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式等。
[佳句背诵]
With the door open，I tiptoed into the room out of curiosity and a sudden voice behind me frightened the pants off me.(心理描写)
门开着，出于好奇，我蹑手蹑脚地走进房间，突然一个声音从我身后传来，吓得我魂飞魄散。
[活学巧用] 单句语法填空/补全句子
With the drums ____________(beat) merrily，their joyful music shook the whole house like before.
With much work ____________ (do)，the newly－elected president is like a cat on a hot brick.
I sat in my room for a few minutes ___________________________________.
我在房间坐了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花板。
The old man often takes a walk after supper ___________________________.
这位老人晚饭后经常散步，他的猫跟着他。
beating
to do
with my eyes fixed on the ceiling
with his cat following him
THANKS
本节内容结束(共28张PPT)
Period Ⅴ Writing——有关环境问题的报告
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
点拨 写作技巧
积累 写作素材
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1
2
4
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示例 分步写作
3
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跟踪 落实检查
1
点拨 写作技巧
一、技法指导
报告是一种应用文体，是在对特定对象深入考察了解的基础上，经过归纳整理，分析研究，进而揭示事物的本质，得出符合实际的结论，用文字形式表现出来。写作时要注意知识的科学性，行文的条理性和语言的准确性。
二、篇章结构
2
积累 写作素材
一、亮点词汇
1.environmental 环境的
2.poisonous 有毒的
3.pour 倾倒
4.rubbish 垃圾
5.threaten 威胁
6.existence 生存
7.reduce 减少
8.recycle 回收利用
9.give off 发出(气味、光、热等)
10.cut down 砍伐
11.deal with 应对
12.take measures 采取措施
13.do harm to 对……有害
14.be/live in harmony with 与……和谐共处
15.bring...under control 把……控制住
16.be/become aware of 意识到
17.raise the awareness of 提高……的意识
18.live a low－carbon life 过低碳生活
19.develop new and clean energy 发展新型清洁能源
20.harmonious environment 和谐的环境
21.contribute to 有助于；导致；把时间投入到；对……作贡献
二、高级句式
1.首段：表明现状，描述问题
① Many beautiful rivers and lakes have been polluted by the waste water from factories，and the polluted water even does harm to people as well as other living things.
许多美丽的河流和湖泊已经被工厂的废水污染，被污染的水甚至对人和其他的生物有害。
②With the global warming becoming more and more serious，some Arctic species will probably die out.
随着全球变暖变得越来越严重，一些北极物种可能会灭绝。
③Air and water are being polluted so that the environment in which animals live is destroyed.
空气和水正受到污染，因此动物生存的环境被破坏。
④The extreme weather has caused people much inconvenience and trouble，especially for those who work outdoors.
极端天气给人们带来了诸多不便和麻烦，特别是给那些室外作业的人。
⑤Nowadays，the issue of environmental protection is becoming more and more important.
如今，环境保护的问题正变得越来越重要。
2.中段：建议措施
①There is no doubt that some factories which pour waste water and the visitors who throw garbage into the lake will get fined.
毫无疑问，一些倾倒废水的工厂和向湖中扔垃圾的游客将被罚款。
②I make an urgent appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation.
我急切呼吁应该采取措施应对现状。
③ It’s high time that we should protect our environment from being polluted.
现在是我们保护环境不受污染的时候了。
④ More trees and flowers have been planted to make our school more beautiful.
种了更多的树和花来，使我们的学校更美丽。
⑤And we should recycle，reduce and reuse things，for this saves money and reduces pollution.
我们应该回收、减少和重复使用一些东西，因为这样能节省钱，也能减少污染。
⑥We should balance advantages against disadvantages of development and keep the balance of nature.
我们应该平衡发展的利弊和维持自然的平衡。
⑦It’s time to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection and appeal to more people to care for wildlife.
是时候提高人们的环境保护意识，呼吁更多的人关心野生动植物了。
⑧The government suggests that people go to work or school on public transportation，such as the bus and the underground.
政府建议人们乘坐公共交通工具上班或上学，如公共汽车和地铁。
3.尾段：提出希望
①If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment，the earth will become much more beautiful.
如果每个人都为保护环境做出贡献，地球将变得更加美丽。
②It’s our duty to protect the environment from being polluted.
保护环境不受污染是我们的责任。
3
示例 分步写作
假设你是新华中学的学生李华，请根据以下提示，针对你的家乡近两年频繁遭受沙尘暴袭击的情况，写一份环境问题的报告，向某英语报社投稿，呼吁大家植树造林，保护环境。
1.过去家乡树木成林；
2.如今人们毁林种地建房；
3.气候变化，土地荒漠化；
4.植树造林，人人有责。
注意：开头和结尾已经给出，但不计入总词数。
第一步：要点翻译
1.我写信是想表达我对家乡环境的看法。
I’m writing to express my views _______________________________________
in my hometown.
2.茂密的森林和绿草随处可见。
Thick forests and green grass ________________________________________.
concerning the environment
could be seen everywhere
3.在我的家乡，人们一直砍伐树木和挖草，以建造房屋和种植更多的庄稼。这使得土地逐渐变成沙漠。
People in my hometown _____________________________________________
_____________________________ build houses and plant more crops.It causes land to become desert gradually.
4.沙尘暴经常袭击我的家乡，尤其在近两年。人们饱受沙尘暴之苦。
Sandstorms often ____________________________________，especially in the past two years.People _____________________________________ sandstorms.
have been cutting down trees and digging
up grass in order to
strike my hometown
suffer a lot from
5.为了防止沙漠化的进程，我希望所有人爱护森林，种植更多的树木，而不是砍伐它们。
____________________________________________________ desertification，I hope all the people take good care of the forests and plant more trees ___________________________________________________________________.
To prevent the process of
instead of cutting them down
第二步：词句升级
1.用现在分词短语作结果状语升级要点3
In order to build houses and plant more crops，people in my hometown have been cutting down trees and digging up grass，___________________________
________________________________________.
2.用“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句升级要点4
Sandstorms often strike my hometown，especially in the past two years，___________________________________________________________________.
causing land to become desert gradually
from which people suffer a lot
第三步：连句成篇
I’m a student at Xinhua Middle School. I’m writing to express my views concerning the environment in my hometown.My hometown used to be a beautiful place.Thick forests and green grass could be seen everywhere.
However，nowadays，in order to build houses and plant more crops，people in my hometown have been cutting down trees and digging up grass，causing land to become desert gradually.
Sandstorms often strike my hometown，especially in the past two years，from which people suffer a lot.
To prevent the process of desertification，I hope all the people take good care of the forests and plant more trees instead of cutting them down.Then our living conditions will soon be improved.
I’m looking forward to hearing from you.
跟踪 落实检查
4
随着经济的发展，环境问题日益凸显，为了加强学生们的环保意识，学校打算开展以“为家乡空气污染问题出谋划策”为主题的征文活动，警示人们要保护环境。请你写一篇报告，内容要点如下：
1.写明家乡空气污染的原因；
2.建设绿色家乡，建议采取什么措施(2－3点)；
3.倡议大家行动起来。
注意：可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【参考范文】
With the development of the economy，our hometown has witnessed severe air pollution for several years.This report looks at the causes of air pollution and some useful actions.
The severe air pollution alarms us of the heavy load we have exerted on Earth by our inappropriate actions.Therefore，urgent steps should be taken to alleviate this issue.
Initially，industrial companies should adopt new forms of energy as substitutes for fossil fuels.Also，governments can carry out inspections regularly.As for individuals，they should raise environmental awareness and try more environment－friendly transportation means instead of private cars.With these measures，it is believed that the fresh air of our hometown will be preserved for generations to enjoy.
Let’s spare no effort to make contributions to alleviating air pollution problem of our hometown!
THANKS
本节内容结束(共27张PPT)
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
读后续写微技能三
情绪描写之“担忧与绝望”
1.Tony stood there helplessly，frowning.
托尼无助地站在那里，皱着眉。
2.Mary was close to crying with anxiety and fear.
玛丽既担心又害怕，几乎要哭了。
3.Everything around them was swallowed by the darkness，undoubtedly leaving them even more helpless and hopeless.
他们周围的一切都被黑暗吞噬，这无疑使他们更加无助和绝望。
4.Lost in the mountain，they had nothing to do but wait for rescue anxiously.
他们在山里迷了路，做不了什么，只好焦急地等待救援。
5.As the evening wore on，they grew increasingly/more and more worried.
随着夜色渐深，他们越来越担忧。
It was foggy outside when he rode slowly home.Suddenly，without warning，his bike hit a rock，throwing him to the ground，face down.The fog around him grew thicker，and 1.__________________________________________. It didn’t take him long to come to himself and realize his left ankle was swollen and his face was bleeding heavily.He panicked.He was close to 2._____________________
_____________，and 3.________________________________________________. Thankfully，an elderly man passing by grabbed him tightly by the arm and he was helped to his feet.Without any delay，he was sent to the hospital.
he collapsed and lay motionlessly for a while
crying with anxiety
and fear
he had nothing to do but wait for rescue anxiously
外面起了雾，他慢慢地骑车回家。突然，毫无征兆地，他的自行车撞到了一块石头，他脸朝下摔在了地上。他周围的雾越来越浓，他瘫倒在地，一动不动地躺了一会儿。没过多久他就清醒过来，意识到自己的左脚踝肿了，脸上血流不止。他惊慌失措。他既担心又害怕，几乎要哭了。他什么也做不了，只好焦急地等待救援。幸运的是，一位路过的老人紧紧抓住他的胳膊，扶他站了起来。他立即被送往医院。
研读 教材原文
Period Ⅰ Reading and Thinking——通文本
Step Ⅰ Read for the main idea
1.What does the text mainly tell us
A.Some polar bears died of starvation.
B.What the greenhouse effect is.
C.Global warming has caused some disasters and we must pay attention to it.
D.How polar bears find food.
√
2.Match the main idea of each part.
Part 1(Paras.1 & 2) A.The effects of the rise in temperature.
Part 2(Para.3) B.The causes of global warming.
Part 3 (Para.4) C.The solutions to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Part 4(Para.5) D.The evidence of dramatic climate change.
答案 Part 1 D Part 2 B Part 3 A Part 4 C
Step Ⅱ Read the lines
(Ⅰ)Answer the following question.
What should governments and individuals do to deal with climate change
(Ask the students to find out the answer by scanning the last paragraph quickly，try to translate it into Chinese and pay attention to useful expressions.If possible，encourage them to keep them in mind.)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming，along with its causes and impacts，because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
制定政策________________________________________
采取合适的行动和措施去做某事
________________________________________________
降低温室气体排放 ________________________________________
降低“碳足迹” ________________________________________
限制二氧化碳的排放量________________________________________
做某事是……的责任________________________________________
抓住每一次做某事的机会________________________________________
也，和________________________________________
make policies
take appropriate actions and measures to do sth
reduce greenhouse gas emissions
reduce “carbon footprint”
restrict the amount of carbon dioxide
It is one’s responsibility to do sth
seize every opportunity to do sth
along with
√
(Ⅱ)Read the text quickly and choose the best answer.
1.Which of the following is not a proof of a dramatic change in the global climate
A.A warming ocean and atmosphere.
B.Melting ice.
C.Rising sea levels.
D.A large population.
√
2.Which of the following can replace the word “alarming” in Paragraph 2
A.Relaxing. B.Worrying.
C.Awful. D.Troublesome.
3.How does the author develop Paragraph 3
A.By giving definition.
B.By citing quotation.
C.By giving examples.
D.By listing numbers.
√
√
4.In the “natural” greenhouse effect，how is heat released back into space
A.In short wave form.
B.At longer wave lengths.
C.In the form of methane.
D.In the form of carbon dioxide.
5.Which of the following is not mentioned to deal with global warming
A.People do not use plastic bags in their daily life.
B.Governments make policies and take measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
C.People change inappropriate lifestyles.
D.People educate others about global warming，along with its causes and impacts.
√
Step Ⅲ Read between the lines
(Ⅰ)Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What is the genre of this passage
A.Prose(散文). B.Narration.
C.Argumentation. D.Exposition.
2.In which part of a newspaper or magazine may we find this passage
A.Entertainment. B.Economy.
C.Education. D.Environment.
√
√
3.What’s the author’s purpose of writing this text
A.To show us the bad effects of global warming.
B.To explain the meaning of “carbon footprint”.
C.To tell us to prevent disasters from happening.
D.To call on us to do our bit to protect our planet.
√
(Ⅱ)Read the text carefully again and answer the question.
Why did the author mention the climate scientists’ warning
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Because the author wants to warn us of the urgency of taking appropriate actions to tackle the issue.
Step Ⅳ Read beyond the lines
1.Do you think climate change is the result of human activity？Give your reasons.(Critical thinking)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.As a student，what should you do to deal with climate change
(Creative thinking)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Step Ⅴ Sentence－learning
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1.Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”，which has two common meanings：the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man－made” greenhouse effect.
[句式分析] 此句为复合句。“Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the ‘greenhouse effect’”为主句，其中“called the ‘greenhouse effect’”为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a key climate process；关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“the‘greenhouse effect’”。
尝试翻译：_________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
气候科学家经常提到一个关键的气候过程，叫作“温室效应”，它有两个常见的含义：“自然”温室效应和“人为”温室效应。
2.There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide，not only causing serious damage，but also costing human lives.
[句式分析] 此句为复合句。“There is strong and comprehensive evidence”为主句；that引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的内容，其中“not only...but also...”连接两个作结果状语的现在分词短语。
尝试翻译：________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
充分而全面的证据表明，气温上升已导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重的破坏，而且还造成生命损失。
3.It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming，along with its causes and impacts，because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
[句式分析] 此句为复合句。“It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming”为主句，其中It作形式主语，而不定式短语“to seize every opportunity...global warming”为真正主语；because引导原因状语从句，其中“affecting all of us on this planet”为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰“the most serious issue”；“along with its causes and impacts”为插入结构，解释说明整个句子。
尝试翻译：_________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
我们有责任抓住每一个机会教育每个人，使他们了解全球变暖及其原因和影响，因为这是影响我们地球上所有人的最严重的问题。
Step Ⅵ Post－reading
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.In 2013，many people 1.______________ (shock) by a news photo of a dead polar bear which died of 2.______________ (starve).Experts claimed that low sea－ice levels 3._____________ (cause) by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before，so it had to travel greater distances to find food.Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”，4._____________
were shocked
starvation
caused
which
has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man－made” greenhouse effect.The “man－made” greenhouse effect has now become 5.________________ big problem.There is strong and comprehensive evidence 6.______________ the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide.In fact，news reports are 7.____________ (frequent) broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses.Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long－lasting changes to the 8.______________ (globe) climate.This requires the attention of people all over the world.We as
a
that
frequently
global
individuals can reduce our “carbon footprint” by 9.________________ (restrict) the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.It is our responsibility 10._______________ (seize) every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming，along with its causes and impacts.
restricting
to seize
THANKS
本节内容结束(共41张PPT)
Period Ⅱ Reading and Thinking & Learning About Language——析考点
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
2
///////
夯实 语言基础
1
///////
精析 核心要点
1
夯实 语言基础
Ⅰ.写作单词——记其形
1.____________ n.趋势；趋向；动向
2.____________ vt.& vi.
播送；广播；传播 n.广播节目；电视节目
3.____________ vt.抓住；夺取；控制
4.____________ vt.& n.排放；释放；发布
5.____________ vt.& vi.改革；(使)改正；改造 n.改革；变革；改良
6.____________ n.政策；方针；原则
trend
broadcast
seize
release
reform
policy
Ⅱ.阅读单词——知其意
1.carbon n. ________________
2.fuel n. __________________
3.worldwide adv. ________________
adj. __________________________
4.undergo vt.(underwent，undergone) __________________________
5.submit vt.& vi. ___________________
6.nuclear adj. _____________________________
碳
燃料；刺激性言行
遍及全球地
世界各地的；影响全世界的
经历；经受(变化、不快等)
提交；呈递；屈服
原子能的；核能的；原子核的
Ⅲ.拓展单词——通其变
1.sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住
____________ adj.可持续的；合理利用的
2.starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死
____________ adj.饿极了的；饿得慌的
____________ n.饿死；挨饿；饥饿
3.ecology n.生态；生态学
____________ adj.生态的
____________ n.生态学家
sustainable
starving
starvation
ecological
ecologist
4.habitat n.栖息地
____________ adj.适合居住的
5.frequent adj.频繁的；经常的 vt.常去，常到
____________ n.频率；频繁
____________ adv.频繁地；经常
6.restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚
____________ n.限制规定；限制法规；约束
____________ adj.限制的；限制性的；约束的
habitable
frequency
frequently
restriction
restrictive
7.moderate adj.适度的；中等的；温和的vi.& vt.缓和；使适中
____________ n.适度；节制；温和
8.harmony n.协调；和睦；融洽；调和
____________ adj.和谐的
9.annual adj.每年的；一年的 n.年刊；年鉴
____________ adv.一年一次地
10.sense n.感觉；知觉
____________ adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的
答案
moderation
harmonious
annually
sensitive
Ⅳ.必备短语——英汉译
1.__________________对……产生影响
2.________________参考；涉及；指的是
3.________________被困在；陷入
4.________________导致；通向
5.________________采取措施；采取行动
6.________________导致，结果是
7.________________代表(代替)某人
8._____________________采取措施做……
have an impact on
refer to
be trapped in
lead to
take actions
result in
on behalf of
take measures to do...
9.________________被……震惊
10.______________________为……负责任
11.huge amounts of ________________
12.cause damage ______________________
13.force...to do sth ________________
be shocked by
take responsibility for
大量的
造成损失；造成损害
迫使……做某事
Ⅴ.常用句型——会仿写
1.句型公式：There is no/little doubt that...
[原句] There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).
毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖(见图表)。
仿写： 毫无疑问，你的热情和善良可以弥合你和他人之间的隔阂。
___________________________________________________________________
between you and others.
There is little doubt that your passion and kindness can bridge the gap
2.句型公式：现在分词短语作结果状语
[原句] Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere，such as methane and carbon dioxide，trap some of the heat，keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable.
大气中的温室气体，如甲烷和二氧化碳，会捕获一些热量，使地球气候保持温暖并适宜居住。
仿写： 中国修建了更多的高速公路，使人们从一个地方到另一个地方的旅行更加方便。
More highways have been built in China，______________________________
___________________________________________________________________.
making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another
3.句型公式：without表示含蓄条件
[原句] Without this process，Earth could not sustain life.
没有这个过程，地球就无法维持生命。
仿写： 没有他的理解，我不可能追求我的梦想。
__________________________________，I couldn’t have pursued my dream.
Without his understanding
4.句型公式：not only...but also...
[原句] There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide，not only causing serious damage，but also costing human lives.
有充分而全面的证据表明，气温上升已导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重的破坏，而且还造成生命损失。
仿写： 比赛结束后，我们觉得这项活动不仅提高了我们的身体和心理素质，而且帮助我们树立了积极的生活态度。
After the race，we felt that __________________________________________
________________________________________，but it also helped us build a positive attitude towards life.(报道，2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)
not only did the event improve our physical
and psychological quality
精析 核心要点
2
1.starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死
·starving adj.饿极了的；饿得慌的
·starvation n.饿死；挨饿；饥饿
[佳句背诵] Penniless and starving，the child stood near the road and begged for a meal.Otherwise he would starve to death.(动作描写)
这个孩子身无分文又饥肠辘辘，站在路边要饭，否则就会饿死。
starve to death 饿死
starve sb to death 使某人饿死
starve for 渴望；急需
starve to do sth 渴望去做某事
be starved of/for 极需；缺乏
[活学巧用] 单句语法填空/补全句子
Millions will face ____________ (starve) next year as a result of the drought.
The frontier station was starved _______________ food and water.
starvation
of/for
Eventually，I strongly ______________________ which aspects of traditional Chinese culture arouse your curiosity most.(求助信，2021·全国甲卷)
最后，我非常渴望知道中国传统文化的哪些方面最能引起你的好奇心。
Consequently，I __________________________________________________
to practise my spoken English，so please accept my application.(申请信)
因此，我一直渴望这样一个宝贵的机会来练习我的英语口语，所以请接受我的申请。
starve to know
have been starving for such a precious opportunity
2.release vt.& n.排放；释放；发布
[佳句背诵] Since the English newspaper— Youth was released，it has attracted many readers，and I am one of them.(短文投稿，2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
自从英文报纸《青年》发行以来，它吸引了许多读者，我就是其中之一。
release...from... 把……从……释放，放出
on release 在公映；发行；释放
[活学巧用] 语境辨义/补全句子
It was considered unsafe to release the prisoners.____________
They will only release information if it suits them.____________
vt.释放
vt.发布
An activity “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” was launched by our school with the aim of ________________________________________________
____________________________________________.(报道，2023·浙江1月卷)
为了让我们在享受美丽校园的同时释放沉重的学习压力，我们学校发起了“认识我们身边的植物”活动。
Learning that a new movie is ________________________________________ at nine this Saturday，I am starving to enjoy it together with you and please don’t decline my sincere invitation.(邀请信)
得知本周六上午9点将有一部新电影上映，我很想和你一起欣赏，请不要拒绝我诚挚的邀请。
releasing our heavy learning pressure while
letting us enjoy our beautiful campus
to be released/on release
3.trend n.趋势；趋向；动向
[佳句背诵] Usually students lack self－discipline.So in my opinion，choosing to learn English beyond classroom is a disturbing trend.
(短文投稿，2022·全国乙卷)
通常学生缺乏自律，所以在我看来，选择在课堂之外学习英语是一种令人不安的趋势。
trend towards... ……的趋势，倾向
the latest trend in ……的最新潮流
fashion trends 时尚潮流
[活学巧用] 单句语法填空/补全句子
The above sentence reflects ____________ trend that nowadays teenagers care more about their phones instead of friends.(观点态度)
One of the ____________(trend) I have seen concerns the spontaneity of shopping.
Another factor driving the trend _________________ lifelong learning is the changing nature of work.
He always __________________________________________________.
他总是紧跟最新的时尚潮流。
a
trends
towards
follows the latest trend in fashion
4.restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚
·restriction n.限制规定；限制法规；约束
·restricted adj.有限的；受限制的
·restrictive adj.限制性的；约束性的
[佳句背诵] It’s okay to be anxious，so you don’t have to restrict yourself to only feeling good or happy.
焦虑是正常的，所以你不必把自己局限于感觉良好或快乐。
(1)restrict...to... 把……限制在……
be restricted to 限于
restrict sb/oneself to (doing) sth 约束某人(做)某事
(2)without restriction 毫无限制
[活学巧用] 单句语法填空/补全句子
The park is open to the public without ____________(restrict).
I restrict myself ____________ one cup of coffee a day.
That information ____________(restrict) to hospital staff.
To be smart online learners，we should _______________________________
________________________________.Only _______________________________ and discipline can we learn more efficiently online.(发言稿，2021·全国乙卷)
要成为聪明的在线学习者，我们应该把玩电脑游戏的时间限制在30分钟以内。只有严格的限制和纪律，我们才能更有效地在网上学习。
restriction
to
is restricted
restrict the time of playing
computer games to 30 minutes
with strict restrictions
5.seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制；理解
[佳句背诵] I seized her by the arm tightly and gazed deep into her eyes，trying to give her courage.(动作描写)
我紧紧地抓住她的胳膊，深深地凝视着她的眼睛，试图给她勇气。
(1)seize sth from...从……抓取/夺取某物
seize sb by the＋部位 抓住某人……
seize the chance/opportunity 抓住机会
seize on/upon 采用；抓住；利用
(2)seize...by surprise 突袭……
be seized by/with被(强烈的情感、愿望等)影响
[活学巧用] 语境辨义/补全句子
Jane was quick to seize the meaning of what the teacher said at the meeting.
____________
Given that you don’t get along well with oral English，_________________
___________________________________________________________________.
(建议信)
鉴于你口语不好，我强烈建议你抓住每个机会说英语。
vt.理解
I strongly suggest that you (should) seize every chance to speak English
The moment I saw my father’s cloudy face，___________________________
_________________________________________________________.(心理描写)
我一看到父亲阴云密布的脸，就感到恐慌。
________________________________________，he ran out to tell his friends the good news.(情绪描写)
他欣喜若狂，跑出去告诉朋友这个好消息。
panic seized me/I was seized with/by panic
Being seized by/with joy
6.harmonious adj.和谐的；协调的；和睦的
·harmony n.协调；和睦；融洽；调和
[佳句背诵] To have a harmonious relationship with our planet，we should first raise our awareness of the importance of protecting our ocean.
(短文投稿，2022·全国甲卷)
为了与地球和谐相处，我们首先应该提高对保护海洋重要性的认识。
in harmony with与……协调；与……融洽
out of harmony with 与……不协调
live/work in harmony 生活/工作得很融洽
[活学巧用] 单句语法填空/补全句子
It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a __________________
(harmony) atmosphere.(江西卷)
In a word，only with the combined efforts of every side involved can we live and study ____________ harmony.
The music is out of harmony ____________ his tastes.
Only when we realize the importance of helping each other _______________
___________________________________________________________________.
只有当我们意识到互助的重要性，我们才能致力于建设和谐社会。
harmonious
in
with
can we be devoted to building a harmonious society
7.submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服
·submissive adj.服从的；顺从的；恭顺的
·submission n.屈服；呈送；提交
[佳句背诵] At last，don’t submit to failure.Difficulties contain victory，while failures breed success.(主旨升华)
最后，不要屈服于失败。困难包含胜利，而失败孕育成功。
submit sth to sb 提交/呈递某物给某人
submit (oneself) to... 顺从；屈服
submit that 提议；认为
[活学巧用] 单句语法填空/补全句子
The works ____________(submit) should focus on the topic.You can express your great love to our motherland in your works.
I submitted my papers ____________ the examiner.
A famous artist will be invited to teach Chinese painting skills，after which many students will ________________________________________________.
(活动介绍)
我们将邀请一位著名的艺术家来教授国画技巧，之后许多学生将提交他们的作品并交流想法。
submitted
to
submit their works and exchange ideas
Those who are interested in the summer camp must ______________________
____________________________________________________ by May 15.(通知)
对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请书和相关资料。
submit the applications and relevant materials
8.on behalf of sb代表(代替)某人
[佳句背诵] I want to send our sincere gratitude for your kind help with our English learning on behalf of the whole class.
我想代表全班同学对您对我们英语学习的帮助表示衷心的感谢。
on one’s behalf 代表某人
represent sb 代表某人
stand for 代表，象征
[活学巧用] 一句多译
代表学生会，我写信邀请您下周三下午3点到5点给我们做讲座。(邀请信)
→________________________________________，I’m writing to invite you to give us a lecture from 3：00 p.m. to 5：00 p.m. next Wednesday.
→________________________________________，I’m writing to invite you to give us a lecture from 3：00 p.m. to 5：00 p.m. next Wednesday.
On behalf of the Student Union
Representing the Student Union
1.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).
毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖(见图表)。
句型公式|There is no/little doubt that...
(1)There is no/little doubt that...“毫无疑问……”，that引导同位语从句；当doubt用于否定句和疑问句时，后面的从句用that引导；用于肯定句时，后面的从句用whether引导。
(2)I don’t/never doubt that... 我确信……
I doubt whether/if... 我怀疑是否……
[佳句背诵]
Finally，David dragged his legs towards the destination.There was no doubt that David was the last one.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
最后，大卫拖着双腿向目的地走去。毫无疑问，大卫是最后一个。
There is no doubt that your professional and profound knowledge of English will benefit the students greatly.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
毫无疑问，您专业和深厚的英语知识将使学生受益匪浅。
There is some doubt whether he is suitable for the job.
他是否适合这项工作还有一些疑问。
[活学巧用] 单句语法填空/补全句子
There is some doubt ____________ I can inspire him to study hard to achieve his goal.
The train leaves at six o’clock.I doubt ____________ there will be enough time to enjoy the views.
________________________________________ as a special education teacher at the school，I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
毫无疑问，作为学校的一名特殊教育老师，我熟悉大卫所面临的挑战，也为他坚强的决心感到骄傲。
whether
whether/if
There is no doubt that
2.Without this process，Earth could not sustain life.
没有这个过程，地球就无法维持生命。
句型公式|without表示含蓄条件
(1)在含蓄虚拟条件句中，如果表示与现在或将来事实相反的假设，则主句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋do”；如果表示与过去事实相反的假设，则主句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋have done”。
(2)含蓄条件句还可以用but for，otherwise，or，but等词来引导。
[佳句背诵]
Without the oceans，no living things would survive，humans included.
(短文投稿，2022·全国甲卷)
没有海洋，包括人类在内，任何生物都无法生存。
Without setbacks，our life would not be filled with wonderful stories.
如果没有挫折，我们的人生就不会充满精彩的故事。
[活学巧用] 单句语法填空/补全句子
I could not have finished the work so soon but ____________ your help.
He is ill.____________ he would still be working instead of lying here.
I had to admit that ________________________________________，
I would have been extremely embarrassed.
我不得不承认，如果没有他的及时帮助，我会非常尴尬。
________________________________________________________________，
I wouldn’t have succeeded in getting rid of tobacco and alcohol.
如果没有母亲的鼓励和陪伴，我不会成功地戒烟戒酒。
for
Otherwise
without his timely help
But for/Without my mother’s encouragement and company
THANKS
本节内容结束(共10张PPT)
单元知识回顾
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Ⅰ.默写词块
一、教材词块默写
1._____________________________融化的冰川和上升的海平面
2.______________________长途跋涉
3.__________________________________________________
全球平均表面温度的上升
4._________________________________________________
导致地球表面温度迅速上升
5.__________________________________充分和全面的证据
melting ice and rising sea levels
travel greater distances
the increase in the global average surface temperature
cause Earth’s surface temperature to rise quickly
strong and comprehensive evidence
6.________________________造成了严重的破坏
7._________________________采取适当的行动hpg
8.__________________________________极端暴雨和热浪
9.________________________________造成死亡和经济损失
10._________________________________持续的温室气体排放
11.________________________________恢复这条河原来的美丽
12.____________________________________________改善了水质，节约了用水
13._______________________________传播环保意识
14.___________________________________鼓励更多地使用清洁能源
15._______________________________________朝着清洁和可持续的未来迈进
cause serious damage
take appropriate actions
extreme rainstorms and heatwaves
cause deaths and economic losses
continued greenhouse gas emissions
restore the river’s original beauty
improve the water quality and water conservation
spread environmental awareness
encourage greater use of clean energy
head towards a clean and sustainable future
二、讲解词块默写
1.________________渴望去做某事
2._________________……的最新潮流
3.________________从……抓取/夺取某物
4.________________与……协调；与……融洽
5.________________提交/呈递某物给某人
6.________________来自
7.____________________容忍(做)某事
starve to do sth
the latest trend in
seize sth from...
in harmony with
submit sth to sb
originate from
tolerate (doing) sthn
8.________________采用；抓住；利用
9.______________________顺从；屈服
10.______________________容忍……，对……宽容
seize on/upon
submit (oneself) to...
be tolerant of/towards
Ⅱ.补全句子
1.I was ____________________________________________________________
so I took the Mexico－originated food，grateful and deeply moved.
在做了那么多累人的工作后，我快要饿死了，所以我吃了墨西哥产的食物，感激并深受感动。
2.___________________________________________________________________ of people’s work through the activity.(活动介绍)
毫无疑问，通过这次活动，我们将学会珍惜并尊重人民的劳动成果。
starving to death after all that exhausting work
There is no doubt that we will learn to cherish and respect the fruits
3.Without my teacher’s guidance，______________________________________
so smoothly.
如果没有我老师的指导，我将不会如此顺利地实现我的目标。
4.I had no choice but to keep still ________________________________________，listening quietly to the knife moving on the pumpkin.
(动作描写，2021·浙江1月卷)
我别无选择，只好紧紧闭上眼睛，一动不动，静静地听着刀子在南瓜上移动。
5.She is a strong－willed person ________________________________________.
她是一个意志坚强的人，从不屈服于失败。
I wouldn’t have achieved my goal
with my eyes tightly closed
who never submits to failure
Ⅲ.语法填空——核心考点语境串记
More ice has melted as a result of global warming.Some seals couldn’t find enough food and 1.____________(starve) to death.Some experts 2.____________ study ecology warn that people all over the world should pay attention to protecting the earth，or it will be very dangerous! Some forests are destroyed frequently，3.____________(make) some places less habitable for animals.Some experts think that it is human activities that have brought 4.____________ the terrible situation.For example，some people throw garbage everywhere，which damages the 5._____________(harmony) environment.It will take us a lot of time
starved
who/that
making
about
harmonious
and energy 6.________________ (restore) our environment once it is damaged. 7.____________ (lucky)，some regulations have been carried out to restrict people’s behavior.If someone 8.____________(break) them，he will be fined. Every one of us should lead 9.____________ green life to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide.At the same time，something about 10.____________(sustain) development should be broadcast frequently to educate the citizens.
to restore
Luckily
breaks
a
sustainable
THANKS
本节内容结束(共35张PPT)
Period Ⅲ Grammar——直接引语和间接引语
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
图解 语法脉络
感知 语法规律
///////
1
2
4
///////
///////
精讲 语法知识
3
///////
跟踪 落实检查
1
图解 语法脉络
2
感知 语法规律
观察下面的句子，并感知直接引语和间接引语的用法。
1.“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary，”said Anne.
→Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.
2.“Can you lend me two yuan？”he asked me.
→He asked me if I could lend him two yuan.
3.“What do you call your diary？” Anne’s sister asked her.
→Anne’s sister asked her what she called her diary.
4.He said to Ann，“Tell me your problem.”
→He told Ann to tell him her problem.
5.She said，“Don’t make so much noise，children！”
→She told the children not to make so much noise.
3
精讲 语法知识
直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。
直接引语如果改为间接引语，需在连接词、人称、时态、状语、个别指示代词和动词等方面做相应的变化。
一、连接词的选择
1.直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中that可以省略。
“Showing thankfulness can foster self－control，”said Ye Li，researcher at the University of California.(2023·全国甲卷)
“表现出感激之情可以促进自我控制，”加州大学的研究员叶莉说。
→Ye Li，researcher at the University of California，said (that) showing thankfulness can foster self－control.
加州大学的研究员叶莉说，表达感激之情可以培养自我控制。
2.直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或附加疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(...or...或...or not)或if引导。
Peter asked Miss Johnson，“Could you tell us what the best part about your job is？”(2023·浙江1月卷改编)
彼得问约翰逊小姐：“你能告诉我们你的工作最棒的部分是什么吗？”
→Peter asked Miss Johnson whether she could tell them what the best part about her job was.
彼得问约翰逊小姐，她能否告诉他们她工作中最棒的部分是什么。
3.直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。
Peter asked Miss Johnson，“What do you hope to achieve by being a teacher？”(2023·浙江1月卷改编)
彼得问约翰逊小姐：“你希望通过成为一名教师取得什么成就？”
→Peter asked Miss Johnson what she hoped to achieve by being a teacher.
彼得问约翰逊小姐，她希望通过成为一名教师取得什么成就。
[名师点津]
(1)直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“said to sb”常改为told sb。
(2)直接引语为疑问句时，如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。
(3)疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。
二、人称的变化
记忆口诀：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
直接引语变为间接引语时,人称代词要根据转述人立场的变化作相应的改变。
1.“一随主”。指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
Miss Johnson said，“I enjoy getting my meals cooked for me every day.”
约翰逊小姐说：“我喜欢每天有人为我做饭。”
→Miss Johnson said that she enjoyed getting her meals cooked for her every day.
约翰逊小姐说，她喜欢每天有人为她做饭。
2.“二随宾”。指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
The woman said to Dave，“You can wear your new sports jacket.”
(2022·全国甲卷改编)
这位女士对戴夫说：“你可以穿你的新运动夹克。”
→The woman told Dave that he could wear his new sports jacket.
这位女士告诉戴夫，他可以穿他的新运动夹克。
3.“第三人称不更新”。指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
The manager said，“Jack is a good worker.”
经理说：“杰克是名好员工。”
→The manager said that Jack was a good worker.
经理说，杰克是名好员工。
三、时态的变化
直接引语变间接引语时句子时态变化如下表：
“I’m trying to get more and more people to understand that there are solutions，”said she.(2023·浙江1月卷改编)
“我正在努力让越来越多的人明白是有解决办法的，”她说。
→She said that she was trying to get more and more people to understand that there were solutions.
她表示，她正在努力让越来越多的人明白是有解决办法的。
The director of Notting Hill Pathways said,“We are happy to be taking part in the project.It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)
诺丁山路径的主管说：“我们很高兴参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来。”
→The director of Notting Hill Pathways said that they were happy to be taking part in the project and that it would really help connect their residents through a shared interest and creative activities.
诺丁山路径的主管表示，他们很高兴参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助他们的居民联系起来。
[名师点津] 在下面几种情况中，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不发生变化。
(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时，其时态不变。
“It is never too late to learn，” my teacher told me yesterday.
“活到老，学到老。”我的老师昨天告诉我。
→My teacher told me yesterday that it is never too late to learn.
我的老师昨天告诉我，活到老，学到老。
(2)直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
Jack said，“I was born on April 21，1980.”
杰克说：“我出生于1980年4月21日。”
→Jack said he was born on April 21，1980.
杰克说，他出生于1980年4月21日。
四、指示词、状语及动词的变化
指示代词 this that
these those
时间状语 now then
today that day
tonight that night
yesterday the day before
tomorrow the next/following day
last month(week) the month(week)before
next month(week) the next month(week)
the day before yesterday two days before
地点状语 here there
动词 come go
bring take
She asked，“Is this book his？”
她问：“这本书是他的吗？”
→She asked whether that book was his.
她问那本书是不是他的。
“I came here with my parents to enjoy the sunset yesterday，” said she.
她说：“昨天我和父母一起来这里欣赏日落。”
→She said she went there with her parents to enjoy the sunset the day before.
她说前一天她和父母一起去那里欣赏日落。
五、引述祈使句的变化
引述祈使句通常用“动词＋宾语＋不定式”结构。如果祈使句为否定句，在不定式的前面加上not。引述表示命令的祈使句，常用动词order，tell，warn；引述表示请求的祈使句常用动词ask，beg；引述表示建议、劝告的祈使句常用动词advise等。
The man said，“Let’s make a U－turn at the next crossroads and try another way.”(2023·浙江1月卷改编)
那人说：“让我们在下一个十字路口掉头，试试另一条路。”
→The man told us to make a U－turn at the next crossroads and try another way.
那人告诉我们在下一个十字路口掉头，试试另一条路。
He said，“Do have a look at yourself first.”
他说：“你先看一看自己。”
→He advised me to have a look at myself first.
他建议我先看一看自己。
[名师点津] 祈使句变间接引语，遵循“一改二变三加四去”原则：
·一改：said (to)改为asked或told；
·二变：said to的宾语变成asked等的宾语；
·三加：即在动词原形前加to，使其成为动词不定式；
·四去：去掉please。
跟踪 落实检查
4
Ⅰ.将直接引语变为间接引语/补全句子
1.“When will the sports meet be held？”he said.
→He asked __________________________________________________.
2.The little boy said，“I was playing with my toys when someone knocked at the door.”
→The little boy said ________________________________________________
when someone knocked at the door.
when the sports meet would be held
(that) he was playing with his toys
3.Mother said to her daughter，“Are you satisfied with your new room？”
→Mother asked her daughter _________________________________________.
4.I asked him ________________________________________________________
that night.
我问他那天晚上是待在家里还是去看电影。
whether/if she was satisfied with her new room
whether he would stay at home or go to a film
Ⅱ.将直接引语变为间接引语，在下列空中填入恰当的代词/补全句子
1.Mary said，“I want to have a computer of my own.”
→Mary said that __________ wanted to have a computer of __________ own.
2.Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave？”
→Her colleague asked ____________ who ___________ had asked for a leave.
3.She said，“They often make the workers work extra hours.”
→She said that ____________ often made the workers work extra hours.
4.My father said that ____________________________________________.
我父亲说他希望我长大成为总统。
she
her
her
she
they
he hoped I would grow up to be President
Ⅲ.将直接引语变为间接引语，填入正确的时态形式/补全句子
1.His friend said to him，“We are planning to have a picnic.”
→His friend told him that they ________________________ to have a picnic.
2.The organizer said，“We have begun our plan.”
→The organizer said that they ____________ their plan.
3.“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth，” the teacher told me.
→The teacher told me (that) the earth _______________ around the sun and that the moon ____________ around the earth.
were planning
had begun
moves
moves
4.The wise old man told him that perhaps _________________________________
________________________________________ in the world.(全国Ⅲ卷改编)
这位聪明的老人告诉他，也许他可以向世界上最伟大的艺术家学习一点。
he could learn a little from
the greatest artist
Ⅳ.将直接引语变为间接引语，用恰当的词替换句中的加黑词
1.Tom said，“I brought some fresh fruits here the day before yesterday.”
→Tom said that he _____________ some fresh fruits _____________________.
2.He said，“We will hold a sports meeting next week.”
→He said that they would hold a sports meeting ________________________.
3.Henry said，“I haven’t seen her today.”
→Henry said that he hadn’t seen her __________________________________.
had taken
there two days before
the next week
that day
Ⅴ.选词填空
1.He said，“Please come here again tomorrow.”
→He ____________ (ordered/asked)me to go there again the next day.
2.He said，“Don’t be so impolite，boys.”
→He ____________ (told/said) the boys not to be so impolite.
3.The teacher said to the boy，“Open the door，please！”
→The teacher ____________ (warned/told)the boy to open the door.
asked
told
told
THANKS
本节内容结束
