一般过去时
一、概念
表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如 yesterday(昨天)、last night(昨晚)、last week(上周)、in 2020(在 2020 年)等。
二、构成
(一)be 动词的过去式
肯定句:主语 + was/were + 其他。
I was at home yesterday. ( 我昨天在家。)
She was happy last night. ( 她昨晚很开心。)
否定句:主语 + was/were + not + 其他。
I was not at home yesterday. ( 我昨天不在家。)
She was not happy last night. ( 她昨晚不开心。)
一般疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 其他?
Was you at home yesterday ( 你昨天在家吗?)
Were they happy last night ( 他们昨晚开心吗?)
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 其他?
Where were you yesterday ( 你昨天在哪里?)
What was she doing last night ( 她昨晚在做什么?)
(二)实义动词的过去式
肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他。
I played football yesterday. ( 我昨天踢足球了。)
She watched TV last night. ( 她昨晚看电视了。)
否定句:主语 + did not (didn't) + 动词原形 + 其他。
I didn't play football yesterday. ( 我昨天没踢足球。)
She didn't watch TV last night. ( 她昨晚没看电视。)
一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
Did you play football yesterday ( 你昨天踢足球了吗?)
Did she watch TV last night ( 她昨晚看电视了吗?)
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
What did you do yesterday ( 你昨天做什么了?)
Where did she go last night ( 她昨晚去哪里了?)
三、动词过去式的变化规则
(一)规则变化
一般在动词原形末尾加 -ed。
work - worked
play - played
结尾是 e 的动词加 -d。
live - lived
hope - hoped
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加 -ed。
stop - stopped
plan - planned
以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的动词,先变 y 为 i,再加 -ed。
study - studied
carry - carried
(二)不规则变化
不规则变化的动词过去式需特殊记忆。
go - went
do - did
have - had
see - saw
come - came
四、常见标志词
yesterday、last night、last week、last month、last year、in 2020、just now(刚才)、two days ago(两天前)等。
五、练习题
用所给动词的适当形式填空
I ______ (go) to the park yesterday.
She ______ (do) her homework last night.
They ______ (play) basketball just now.
将下列句子改为否定句
He was at school yesterday.
I played football last week.
对划线部分提问
I went to the zoo last Sunday. ( 对 went to the zoo 提问)
She saw a movie last night. ( 对 saw a movie 提问)