Period Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
Part 1 Reading Comprehension——通文本
Step Ⅰ Read for the main idea
Match the main idea of each paragraph.
Para.1 A.The spirit of the Aswan Dam project.
Para.2 B.The project was successful.
Para.3 C.The Egyptian government met a problem.
Para.4 D.The introduction to a big challenge.
Para.5 E.The project united the global community.
Para.6 F.A committee was established to solve the problem.
答案 Para.1 D Para.2 C Para.3 F Para.4 E Para.5 B Para.6 A
Step Ⅱ Read the lines
Read the text carefully and finish the following exercises.
1.Which is NOT the reason why the Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam in the 1950s
A.To benefit the area by controlling floods.
B.To produce electricity.
C.To supply water to more farmers in the area.
D.To protect cultural relics.
2.What does the word“protest” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Support. B.Agreement.
C.Objection. D.Complaint.
3.Make a list of the events in time order.
①The government asked the UN for help.
②The first temple was moved.
③The project was completed.
④The temple and cultural relics were rescued.
⑤The project started.
A.①③⑤④② B.①②⑤③④
C.①⑤②④③ D.②①⑤④③
答案 1.D 2.C 3.C
4.What does the phrase“a big challenge” refer to in paragraph 1
Finding__and__keeping__the__right__balance__between__economic__development__and__the__protection__of__cultural__sites.
5.Why did people object to the proposal
Because__water__from__the__dam__would__likely__damage__a__number__of__temples__and__destroy__cultural__relics__that__were__an__important__part__of__Egypt’s__cultural__heritage.
6.How were the temples and other cultural sites saved
They__were__taken__down__piece__by__piece，and__then__moved__and__put__back__together__again__in__a__place__where__they__would__be__safe__from__the__water.
7.What can you infer from “Fifty countries donated nearly $80 million to the project”？
The project cost a__lot__of__money.Many countries took part and offered financial__support in the rescue and it is their team__work that has saved the temples and other cultural relics.
Step Ⅲ Read between the lines
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.Which word do you think can describe the project
A.Successful. B.Negative.
C.Useless. D.Doubtful.
2.What can we know from the text
A.Doing is better than saying.
B.Many hands make light work.
C.There is no royal road to success.
D.Experience is the mother of wisdom.
3.Where can we find such an article
A.In a guidebook.
B.In an encyclopedia (百科全书).
C.In a history novel.
D.In a theme park advertisement.
4.What can be learned from the Aswan Dam project
A.UNESCO is an important organization in the world.
B.The cooperation can solve difficult problems.
C.The Egyptian government found a plan to build a better tomorrow.
D.All the cultural relics were saved in the project.
答案 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.B
Step Ⅳ Read beyond the lines
1.A lot of money was spent protecting the temples and other cultural relics.Do you think it was worthwhile Why or why not？(Critical thinking)
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2.“If a problem seems too difficult for a single nation，the global community can sometimes provide a solution.” What can you learn from the sentence (Creative thinking)
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Step Ⅴ Sentence－learning
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1.There comes a time when the old must give way to the new，and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.
[句式分析] 本句是并列复合句。前一分句中表示方位的副词there位于句首，句子用完全倒装结构，when引导定语从句，先行词为a time；短语give way to的意思是“屈服，向……让步”。后一分句中it是形式主语，不定式短语to preserve everything from our past作真正的主语，as引导时间状语从句。
尝试翻译：新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。
2.After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem，and citizens who lived near the dam，the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959.
[句式分析] 本句是主从复合句。after在此处是介词；两个who引导的都是定语从句，在从句中作主语，两个从句分别修饰scientists和citizens。
尝试翻译：在听取了研究该问题的科学家以及大坝附近居民的意见后，埃及政府于1959年向联合国寻求帮助。
3.Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past，but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.
[句式分析] 本句是主从复合句。not only...but (also)...连接两个句子，not only置于句首时，后面的句子要用部分倒装；第一个that引导的是定语从句，在从句中作主语；第二个that引导的是宾语从句。
尝试翻译：这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。
4.Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO，which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing.
[句式分析] 本句是主从复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，不能省略；that引导限制性定语从句，修饰programme，that在从句中作主语，不能省略。
尝试翻译：(能体现这种精神的)最好的例子或许就是联合国教科文组织所展示的：该组织开展了一项计划，旨在防止全球各地文化遗产的消失。
Step Ⅵ Post－reading
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
In the course of economic development，there comes a time 1.when the old must give way to the new.2.Keeping(keep) balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a great challenge.In the 1950s，the Egyptian government attempted 3.to__build(build) a new dam.However，the project led 4.to protests，because the water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics.So the government turned to the UN for help.A committee 5.was__established(establish) to deal with the challenge and the experts investigated the issue，conducted tests and made a 6.proposal(propose) to save the cultural relics.7.Finally(final)，the work began in 1960.Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece and then moved and put back together again in a new place.Over the next 20 years，8.thousands(thousand) of engineers and workers rescued 22 temples and countless cultural relics.In 1980，the project ended，9.which was considered 10.a great success.It shows that if a problem seems too difficult for a single nation，the global community can sometimes provide a solution.
Part 2 Language Points——析考点
Ⅰ.写作单词——记其形
1.protest against the plan反对这个计划
2.put forward new proposals提出新建议
3.the most likely outcome最可能的结果
4.establish good interpersonal relationships
建立良好的人际关系
5.English department英语系
6.conduct an experiment进行实验
7.at the first attempt第一次尝试
8.a worthwhile cause一份值得做的事业
Ⅱ.阅读单词——知其意
1.heritage n.遗产(指国家或社会长期形成的历史、传统和特色)
2.relic n.遗物；遗迹
3.clue n.线索；提示
4.fund n.基金；专款
5.issue n.重要议题；争论的问题 vt.宣布；公布
6.committee n.委员会
7.document n.文件；公文；(计算机)文档 vt.记录；记载(详情)
8.mount n.山峰 vt.爬上；骑上 vi.爬；登上
Ⅲ.拓展单词——通其变
1.creative adj.创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的
creatively adv.创造性地；有创造力地
create v.创造；创建
2.preserve vt.保存；保护；维持 n.保护区
preservation n.保护；维护；保存
3.promote vt.促进；提升；推销；晋级
promotion n.提升；提拔；晋升
4.application n.申请(表)；用途；运用；应用(程序)
apply v.申请；应用
applicant n.申请人
5.balance n.平衡；均匀；余额 vt.使平衡
balanced adj.均衡的
6.establish vt.建立；创立
establishment n.建立；创立
7.limit n.限度；限制 vt.限制；限定
limited adj.有限的
limitless adj.无限(制)的；无尽的
8.prevent vt.阻止；阻碍；阻挠
prevention n.阻止；阻碍；阻挠
9.loss n.丧失；损失
lose v.丢失；损失
10.contribute vi.& vt.捐献；捐助；贡献
contribution n.捐款；贡献；捐赠
11.investigate vi.& vt.调查；研究
investigation n.(正式的)调查，侦查
12.donate vt.(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠；赠送；献(血)
donation n.捐赠物；捐赠；赠送
13.disappear vi.消失；灭绝；消亡
disappearance n.消失；灭绝；消亡
Ⅳ.必备短语——英汉译
1.take__part__in参与(某事)；参加(某活动)
2.lead__to导致
3.turn__to向……求助；转向；致力于；翻到；查阅；开始从事
4.prevent...from...阻止；不准
5.donate...to...向……捐赠……
6.make__sure确保；设法保证
7.give way to让步；屈服；被……代替
8.keep balance保持平衡
9.make a proposal提出建议
10.raise funds募集基金
11.sign a document签署文件
12.run a program经营一个项目
Ⅴ.常用句型——会仿写
1.句型公式：There comes/is/was a time when...
[原句] There comes a time when the old must give way to the new，and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.
新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。
仿写：越来越多的人通过网络学习来获取知识的时代到了。
There__comes__a__time__when an increasing number of people acquire knowledge by means of online learning.(发言稿，2021·全国乙卷)
2.句型公式：动名词短语作主语
[原句] Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge.
在发展与文化遗址保护之间找到恰当的平衡点，并加以保持，这可能是一项巨大的挑战。
仿写：从他身上，我意识到为我们的目标努力才能促使成功。
From him，I realize that struggling__for__our__aims__can__lead__to__success.(主旨升华)
3.句型公式：not only...but (also)...
[原句] Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past，but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.
这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。
仿写：总之，你的讲座不仅给我们留下了深刻的印象，而且开阔了我们的视野。
In a word，not__only__has__your__lecture__left__a__deep__impression__on__us，but also it has broadened our horizons.
1.give way to让步；屈服；被……代替
[佳句背诵] We made an attempt to make popcorn and we failed at the first attempt.But we didn’t give way to the difficulty.(新高考Ⅰ卷)
我们试着做爆米花，第一次就失败了。但我们没有向困难屈服。
in the/one’s way 挡(某人的)路
in a way 从某一角度；在某种程度上
make one’s way to/towards 前往……
all the way 一直；自始至终
in no way 绝不(位于句首时，句子
要用部分倒装语序)
[活学巧用] 补全语段/翻译句子
When darkness fell，we made__our__way to our destination.We were warned that drivers must give__way__to the animals that were crossing the roads，even if they were in__the__way.In__a__way，it is right to do so.In__no__way should we ignore the warning.
夜幕降临的时候，我们前往我们的目的地。我们被警告说，司机必须给过马路的动物让路，即使它们会挡道。在某种程度上，这样做是对的。我们绝不应忽视这一警告。
他努力在人群中挤出一条路来买圣诞礼物。(动作描写)
He__struggled__to__fight__his__way__through__the__crowd__to__buy__Christmas__gifts.
2.balance n.平衡；均匀；余额(生义)
vt.使平衡；权衡
·balanced adj.平衡的；和谐的；安定的
[佳句背诵] It is very important to keep a balance between study and social life，so you’d better join the team.(建议信，全国Ⅲ卷)
学习与社交生活保持平衡很重要，因此你最好加入团队。
(1)keep/lose/break one’s balance保持/失去/打破平衡
keep a balance between A and B
保持A和B之间的平衡
(2)balance...against... 权衡……与……
(3)keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食
[活学巧用] 补全语段
In order to keep healthy, not only should__you__keep__a__balanced__diet，but you should also keep__a__balance__between__work__and__relaxation.In addition, you had better balance__the__advantages__of__playing__sports__against the disadvantages.
为了保持健康，你不仅要保持均衡的饮食，而且要在工作和放松之间保持平衡。此外，你最好权衡运动的利与弊。
3.lead to导致
[佳句背诵] As a famous saying goes，“Good habits lead to good endings.”(名言)
正如名言所说：“好习惯带来好结果。”
lead to (one’s/one) doing sth导致(某人)做某事
lead sb to do sth 使某人做某事
lead/live a(n)...life 过……样的生活
lead the way 带路
[活学巧用] 补全句子/补全语段
A noise at a window led__me__to__enter__the__milking__house and it proved that a hummingbird desperately struggled to escape from spiderwebs.(2023·浙江1月卷改编)
窗户上传来的声音把我带进了挤奶房，结果是一只蜂鸟在拼命挣扎，试图逃脱蜘蛛网。
With him leading__the__way，we had no difficulty reaching the appointed place on time.
有他带路，我们毫不费力地准时到达了约定的地点。
I respect my head teacher who__led__me__to__make__great__progress__in__my__studies.At first，laziness led__to__my__failure in all the subjects.But my head teacher managed to lead__me__to__study__hard.(人物介绍，全国Ⅰ卷)
我尊敬我的校长，他引领我在学业上取得了很大进步。起初，懒惰导致了我所有学科的不及格。但是我的校长设法使我努力学习。
4.likely adj.可能的 adv.可能地
[佳句背诵] If you come to our school，you are likely to meet some difficult problems in your life.
如果你来到我们的学校，在你的生活中你可能会遇到一些难题。
sb/sth be likely to do sth某人/某物很可能做某事
it’s likely that... 很可能……
[活学巧用] 一句多译
如果你在一个大家庭中长大，你就更有可能发展出与他人良好相处的能力。
→If you grow up in a large family，you are__more__likely__to__develop__the__ability to get on well with others.
→If you grow up in a large family，it is__more__likely__that__you__develop__the__ability to get on well with others.
5.turn to向……求助；转向；致力于；翻到；
查阅；开始从事
[佳句背诵] I often turn to my classmates or teachers for help.As a result，I have made steady progress in my studies.(学校生活)
我经常向同学或老师求助，结果在学习上取得了稳定的进步。
turn on/off 打开/关闭(电灯、电视等)
turn in 上交；提交
turn out 结果是；证明是
turn up 调高；出现
turn down 调低；拒绝
turn over 翻身；移交；转变
turn into 变成
[活学巧用] 补全句子/补全语段
As the line of homeless people turned__up__in__front__of__me，I got a little nervous and scared and the sweat sprang up on my forehead.(2022·浙江6月卷改编)
当一排无家可归的人出现在我面前时，我有点紧张和害怕，我的额头上冒出了汗水。
Before I turned__in the application，I had turned__to you for some proposals.Your advice turned__out to be very useful and my application turned__into a perfect one.So I wasn’t__turned__down when I applied for the job.I sincerely appreciate your guidance.
我上交申请书之前，已经向你寻求了建议。你的建议证明非常有用，我的申请书变得非常完美。因此，当我申请这份工作的时候，我没有被拒绝。我真诚地感谢您的指导。
6.limit n.限度；限制 vt.限制；限定
·limited adj.有限的
·limitless adj.无限(制)的；无尽的
[佳句背诵] A man’s life is limited，but there is no limit to serving the people.I will devote my limited life to the unlimited job of serving the people.
人的生命是有限的，可是，为人民服务是无限的。我要把有限的生命投入到无限的为人民服务之中去。
(1)limit...to... 把……限制在……内
(2)beyond the limit 超过限度
set a limit to/on sth 对某事/物规定限度
there is a/no limit to ……是有限的/无限的
[名师点津] 上述搭配中to均为介词，后跟名词、代词或动词－ing形式作宾语。
[活学巧用] 补全语段
You are required to__limit__your__essay__to__800__words.If your essay is beyond__the__limit，it will be turned down.(约稿信)
要求你的文章限制在800词以内。如果你的文章超过限度，将不被录用。
7.prevent vt.阻止；阻碍；阻挠
[佳句背诵] It is high time that we did something to prevent the environment from being polluted.(环境保护)
我们是时候做些什么来防止环境被污染了。
prevent...from (doing)... 不准；阻止……
stop/keep...from (doing)... 阻止……
protect...from/against (doing)...
保护……免受……
[名师点津] 短语prevent/stop...from...中的from可以省略，keep/protect...from...中的from不能省略。但在被动结构中，from均不可省略。
[活学巧用] 补全句子
Frightened as I was, I tried to keep my balance to prevent__me__from__falling__off.(动作描写)
虽然我很害怕，但我还是尽量保持平衡，以免自己摔倒。
I said to David patiently，“Nobody can__prevent/stop__you__(from)__taking__part__in/keep__you__from__taking__part__in the cross－country run.”(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
我耐心地对大卫说：“没有人能阻止你参加越野跑。”
8.contribute vt.& vi.捐献；捐助；贡献；投稿 vi.是……的一个原因
·contribution n.捐献；贡献；捐赠
[佳句背诵] I make a proposal that everyone (should) make contributions/a contribution to environmental protection.(环境保护)
我建议每个人都应为环保作出贡献。
(1)contribute sth to...把某物捐献给……；投稿
contribute to 有助于；导致；投稿
(2)make a contribution/contributions to
对……作出贡献
[名师点津] 上述短语中的to都是介词，后面要接名词、代词或动词－ing形式作宾语。
[活学巧用] 语境辨义/补全句子
As far as I’m concerned，there is nothing better than playing volleyball，which contributes to us cooperating with others.有助于
If you want to contribute to our newspaper，please send me your article before the deadline.投稿
It was the driver’s carelessness that contributed to the traffic accident.导致
And I will also try my best to__make__a__contribution/contributions__to__the__society.I firmly believe that a bright future is waiting for us.(主旨升华，天津卷)
我也会尽我最大的努力为社会作出贡献。我坚信一个美好的未来正在等待着我们。
9.attempt n.& vt.企图；试图；尝试
·attempted adj.未遂的
[佳句背诵] I seized a stone and aimed it at the wolf，attempting to scare the wolf away.(动作链)
我抓住一块石头，用它瞄准狼，试图把狼吓走。
attempt to do sth＝make an attempt to do/at doing sth努力做某事；企图做某事
in an attempt to do sth 试图做某事
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
[活学巧用] 补全句子/一句多译
We__failed__to__sell__popcorn__at__the__first__attempt，which made us depressed and sad.(新高考Ⅰ卷)
我们第一次尝试没能把爆米花卖出去，这使我们既沮丧又悲伤。
我们试图在黑暗中认出回家的路，但这是白费力气。(动作描写)
→We made__an__attempt__to__make/at__making__out__the__way__back__home in the darkness，but failed.(attempt n.)
→We attempted__to__make__out__the__way__back__home in the darkness，but in vain.(attempt vt.)
10.make sure确保；设法保证
[佳句背诵] We will do our best to make sure (that) you enjoy your visit.(邀请信)
我们会竭尽全力确保您访问愉快。
make sure of (doing) sth 确保(做)某事
make sure (that)... 确保/查明……
be sure of/about... 肯定/确信……
be sure (that)... 确信……
[活学巧用] 补全句子/一句多译
I__am__sure__(that)__you__will__have__the__most__unforgettable__experience during your college in Beijing.(北京卷)
我相信你们在北京的大学期间会有最难忘的经历。
专家们一遍又一遍地检查宇宙飞船来确保其安全性。
→Experts examined the spacecraft again and again to__make__sure__of__the__safety.
→Experts examined the spacecraft again and again to__make__sure__(that)__it__is__safe.
11.worthwhile adj.值得做的；值得花时间的
[佳句背诵] It’s worthwhile reading/to read literary books because they can help us to know more about the society and life.
读文学书是值得的，因为它们能帮助我们对社会和生活了解更多。
It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth做某事是值得的
sb/sth is worthy
sb/sth is worth
[活学巧用] 一句多译
我们新的小组学习室值得参观，所以请接受我诚挚的邀请。(邀请信，2022·浙江6月卷)
→It__is__worthwhile__visiting/to__visit our new group study room，so please accept my sincere invitation.(worthwhile)
→Our new group study room is__worth__visiting，so please accept my sincere invitation.(worth)
→Our new group study room is__worthy__of__a__visit/of__being__visited/to__be__visited，so please accept my sincere invitation.(worthy)
1.There comes a time when the old must give way to the new，and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.
新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。
There comes a time when...为完全倒装句式，该句式的构成为“地点副词＋谓语动词＋主语”；句中when引导的从句是定语从句，修饰先行词a time。
句型公式|There comes a time when...
(1)There was a time when...
曾经一度……/有一个时期……
(2)It/That was a time (an age) when...
那是一个……的时期(年代)
[佳句背诵]
There comes a time when teenagers learn English on the Internet.
青少年在网上学英语的时代到来了。
There was a time when we were not aware of the importance of wildlife.
我们曾经一度没有意识到野生生物的重要性。
[活学巧用] 补全句子
There__was__a__time__when people wanted to give up.
人们曾经一度想放弃。
It/That__was__a__time__when there were no radios，no telephones or no TV sets.
那是一个没有收音机、没有电话，也没有电视的时期。
2.Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past，but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.
这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。
句型公式|not only...but(also)...
(1)not only...but (also)...用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其意为“不仅……而且……”。
(2)not only...but (also)...连接两个句子，且not only位于句首时，not only后面的句子要用部分倒装。
(3)not only...but (also)...连接的两个并列成分作主语时，其谓语动词的数通常与靠近的主语的人称和数保持一致，即就近原则。
[佳句背诵] Not only did we learn more about English culture and its customs，but we also learned about the British lifestyle.(活动介绍)
我们不仅了解了更多的英国文化和风俗，而且还了解了英国人的生活方式。
[活学巧用] 单句语法填空/一句多译
There is no doubt that not only the students but also their teacher likes (like) playing football.
这些活动不但可以锻炼我们的身体，还使得我们精力充沛。
→The activities can not__only__build__up__our__body but they contribute__to__keeping__us__energetic.
→Not only can__the__activities__build__up__our__body__but__they__contribute__to__keeping__us__energetic.Period Ⅴ Reading for Writing & Other Parts of the Unit
Ⅰ.写作单词——记其形
1.the entrance to the museum博物馆入口处
2.in the process of experiment在实验的过程中
3.improve the company’s image提高公司的形象
4.throughout the world全世界
5.improve the quality of life 提高生活品质
6.in the opinion of most people在大多数人看来
7.the contrast between town and country城乡差别
8.live together forever永远生活在一起
Ⅱ.阅读单词——知其意
1.digital adj.数码的；数字显示的
2.cave n.山洞；洞穴
3.pyramid n.(古埃及的)金字塔；棱锥体
4.overseas adj.海外的adv.在海外
5.exit n.出口；通道 vi.& vt.出去；离去
Ⅲ.拓展单词——通其变
1.professional adj.专业的；职业的
n.专业人员；职业选手
profession n.专业；职业；行业
2.tradition n.传统；传统的信仰或风俗
traditional adj.传统的；惯例的
3.historic adj.历史上著名(或重要)的；有史时期的
history n.历史
historical adj.(有关)历史的
4.comparison n.比较；相比
compare v.比较
5.identify vt.确认；认出；找到
identity n.身份；本身
Ⅳ.必备短语——英汉译
1.end__with以……结束
2.come__up__with提出
3.be__familiar__with对……熟悉
4.all over the world在世界各地
5.speed up加速
6.take care of照顾
7.fall into ruin变成废墟
Ⅴ.常用句型——会仿写
1.句型公式：as...as...引导比较状语从句
[原句] Today，the caves are just as international as they were at the time when people travelled the Silk Road.
如今，这些洞窟的国际地位可与当年人们在丝绸之路上跋涉的时候相提并论。
仿写：听了这个消息，我跟我的父母一样开心，他们给予了我很多支持。
Hearing the news，I was__as__happy__as__my__parents__who__gave__me__a__lot__of__support.(心理描写)
2.句型公式：“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构
[原句] This makes it an important cultural heritage site not just for China，but for all people around the world.
这使得它不仅是中国也是全世界人民的重要文化遗址。
仿写：网络学习使得我们在任何时候任何地点学习英语成为可能。
Online learning makes__it__possible__for__us__to__study__English at any time wherever we are.(2022·全国乙卷)
1.process n.过程；进程；步骤 vt.处理；加工
[佳句背诵] If you are interested，you can take part in the process of traditional paper－cutting yourself.(传统文化)
如果你感兴趣，你可以自己参与传统剪纸的过程。
(1)in the process (of...)在(……)过程中
(2)be processed into... 被制成……
[活学巧用]
语境辨义/单句语法填空/翻译句子
Most of the food we buy is processed in some way.vt.处理；加工
Care of the soul is a gradual process in which even the small details of life should be considered in it.
重要的是过程中的努力，而不是结果。(主旨升华)
It__was__the__efforts__in__the__process__rather__than__the__results__that__mattered.
2.quality n.质量；品质；素质；特征
adj.优质的；高质量的
·quantity n.数量
[佳句背诵] In France，quality of life is much more important than efficiency.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
在法国，生活质量比效率重要得多。
of good/high/poor quality质量好的/高的/差的
[活学巧用] 单句语法填空/补全句子
The paper dragon was poor in quality；it became broken within a few minutes.
I am writing you a letter of complaint because the books I bought in your online bookstore are__of__poor__quality.
因为我在您的网店买的书质量不好，我写这封投诉信给您。
3.tradition n.传统；传统的信仰或风俗
·traditional adj.传统的；惯例的
·traditionally adv.传统地
[佳句背诵] It is a tradition that women get married in red in most places of China.(传统文化)
妇女结婚时穿红色衣服是中国很多地方的传统风俗。
It is a tradition(for sb) to do sth/that...
(对某人来说)做某事是一种传统风俗
by tradition 按照传统
[活学巧用] 单句语法填空/补全句子
To begin with，by tradition，you are supposed to arrive early so that you can help the family prepare the dinner.
In my opinion，some measures should__be__taken__to__protect__our__traditional__culture effectively.
我认为，应该采取一些措施来有效地保护我们的传统文化。
4.opinion n.意见；想法；看法
[佳句背诵] In my opinion (view)/As far as I’m concerned，Chinese painting exhibition is well worth watching.(宣传稿，2021·浙江6月卷)
我认为，国画作品展很值得观看。
in one’s opinion/view 在某人看来
[活学巧用] 词汇升级
I think that my English teacher is the person I respect most.(全国Ⅰ卷)
→In__my__opinion/In__my__view/From__my__point__of__view/As__far__as__I’m__concerned，my English teacher is the person I respect most.
5.comparison n.比较；相比
·compare v.比较；对比；比作
[佳句背诵] My elder sister likes playing with her classmates.In/By comparison，I prefer to stay alone.
我的姐姐喜欢跟同学们一起玩，相比之下，我更喜欢自己待着。
(1)in/by comparison 相比之下；比较起来
in comparison with/to 与……相比
(2)compare...to 把……比作……
compare...with/to 把……与……相比
compared with/to 和……比较起来
[活学巧用] 一句多译
比较课堂外不同的英语学习方法，12%的学生选择访问英语学习网站。(发言稿，2022·全国乙卷)
→In__comparison__with/to__different__English__learning__methods__beyond__the__classroom，12% of the students choose to visit English learning websites.(comparison)
→Compared__with/to__different__English__learning__methods__beyond__the__classroom，12% of the students choose to visit English learning websites.(compare)
6.contrast n.对比；对照；差异，差别
vt.& vi.对比；对照
[佳句背诵] By contrast，his wife is more interested in music.
相比之下，他的妻子对音乐更感兴趣。
(1)by contrast 对比之下
in contrast with/to 与……对比起来；
与……形成对比
(2)contrast...with/and... 把……与……对比
contrast with... 与……形成对比
[活学巧用] 补全句子
In__contrast__to/with__city__life，time seemed to pass slowly in the countryside.
与都市生活相比，在乡村的时间似乎过得很慢。
Her actions contrasted__sharply__with her promises.
她的行动与她的诺言相差很大。
Today，the caves are just as international as they were at the time when people travelled the Silk Road.
如今，这些洞窟的国际地位可与当年人们在丝绸之路上跋涉的时候相提并论。
句型公式|as＋ adj./adv.＋as＋从句
(1)as＋many/much＋名词＋as像/和……一样多……
(2)as＋ adj.＋a/an＋名词＋as...
和……一样的……
(3)as...as possible 尽可能……的/地
[佳句背诵]
There’s as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.
国与国之间争取奥运会主办权的竞争就跟争夺奥运奖牌一样激烈。
Just accept them for who they are，and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.
只管接受他们是怎样的人，给予他们鼓励，让他们能像你一样过着丰富多彩、充实美满的生活。
[活学巧用] 补全句子/一句多译
Playing ping－pong is as__popular__an__activity__as playing football in our campus.(全国Ⅲ卷)
在我们校园里，打乒乓球和踢足球一样受欢迎。
如果您能尽快给我回信，我将不胜感激。
→I would be grateful if you__could__reply__to__me__as__soon__as__you__can.
→I would be grateful if you__could__reply__to__me__as__soon__as__possible.Lost civilizations
Today I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2，000 years ago.How amazing! The city was forgotten for many years until the 18th century when a farmer discovered a stone with writing on it.People started to dig in the area for treasure, which caused much damage.Thus, in 1860, the area was put under government protection so it could be preserved and studied.
When I walked around the city, I saw streets just as they had been, with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days! I saw several houses which were decorated with wall paintings.I also saw the people who had been buried alive.It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty spaces in the ash.Years later, researchers were able to use these empty spaces to produce true－to－life figures of the people who had died in the disaster.You can see them today in Pompeii, in the same places where the people fell.The volcano is still there, but looks very quiet now.It’s hard to imagine how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city!
词汇积累 1.How amazing！ 多令人惊奇啊！(情绪描写) 2.dig v. 挖，掘 n. 挖掘；挖苦，讽刺 3.preserve v. 保存；保护 4.be decorated with 装饰有…… 5.flee(fled, fled) vt.& vi. 逃避，逃跑；迅速离开 6.true－to－life adj. 逼真的(合成词)
佳句背诵 1.When I walked around the city, I saw streets just as they had been, with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days！(with复合结构，动作描写) 当我在城中漫步时，我看到保持原样的街道，沿路都有垫脚石，这样下雨天你就不用在泥泞中行走了！ 2.It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty spaces in the ash.(It turns out that..., 现在分词短语作状语) 原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只在火山灰中留下了空白。
Period Ⅰ Listening and Speaking & Listening and Talking
辅音连缀
一、辅音连缀的定义
辅音连缀通常指的是一个单词内，有两个或两个以上的辅音音素结合在一起的一种语音现象。如play，clean，spring等。
[名师点津] 辅音连缀中的各个字母一般都是发音的，而辅音字母组合则作为整体发音。如fish，this，phone，cloth等。
二、辅音连缀的发音要领
1.一不加音，二不停顿。由于此时辅音与辅音之间没有间隙，发音时一定要紧凑、连贯。比如play不是po－lay，clean不是co－lean，也不能有停顿。另外，前面的辅音要读轻点，并迅速向后面的辅音滑动，后面的辅音要读得重一点。
2./sp/，/spr/，/sk/，/skr/，/st/，/str/等音标中的/p/，/k/，/t/等清辅音在这些辅音连缀中呈现浊化，读成对应的浊辅音/b/，/ɡ/，/d/。
三、常见的辅音连缀
1.词首连缀
(1)/l/紧接在某些辅音之后构成辅音连缀
bl－：blue，blankkl－：class，clean (c发/k/音)
fl－：floor，flower gl－：glue，glacier
pl－：place，please
(2)/r/在/b/，/k/，/d/，/p/，/t/，/g/，/f/等辅音之后构成的辅音连缀
br－：bronze，breadkr－：cream(c发/k/音)
dr－：drink，drive fr－：fry，fruit
gr－：grand，great pr－：professor，prime
tr－：travel，tremble
(3)/s/在辅音前时构成的辅音连缀
sk－：sky，skate sl－：sleep，slide
sm－：smile，small sn－：snake，snore
sp－：sport，speak spl－：splash，splendid
spr－：spring，spread st－：store，stop
sw－：swim，sweep
2.词中连缀
－gw－：language，linguist －sr－：disrupt，disrepute
－st －：gesture，posture
3.词尾连缀
－pt：stopped，disrupt －bd：robbed，grabbed
－gz：legs，rags －sks：desks，disks
－sts：rests，pests
[即时练]
朗读下列单词，并体会辅音连缀的发音。
1.blank，blame，brown，bless，blind，blow
2.cream，crew，prepare，price，screen
3.spring，sprain，stranger，stress，strong
4.stops，shops，crisps，stamps，builds
5.split，street，screw，square
1.former adj.以前的；(两者中)前者的
[佳句背诵] Of the two opinions，I disagree with the former，but prefer the latter.(发表观点)
在这两个观点中，我不同意前者，更喜欢后者。
the former...，the latter...前者……，后者……
[活学巧用] 补全句子
I have two good friends，Mary and Lily.The__former__is__good__at__dancing，while the__latter__can__speak__French__fluently.(人物介绍)
我有两个好朋友，玛丽和莉莉。前者擅长跳舞，而后者会说流利的法语。
2.preserve vt.保存；保护；维持 n.保护区
·well－preserved adj.保存良好的
·preservation n.保护；维护；保存
[佳句背诵] The temple was established five hundred years ago，which is well preserved now.(景点介绍)
这座寺庙建于五百年前，现在保存得仍很完好。
(1)保护……免受……
(2)a nature preserve/reserve 自然保护区
[活学巧用] 补全句子
In my opinion，it is high time that we conducted various activities to preserve__oceans__from__being__destroyed.(2022·全国甲卷)
在我看来，的确到了我们组织各种各样的活动保护海洋免受破坏的时候了。
We appeal to the government to build more nature preserves to preserve endangered animals from__dying__out.
我们呼吁政府建立更多的自然保护区以保护濒危动物免于灭绝。
3.promote vt.促进；提升；推销；晋级；晋升
·promotion n.提升；提拔；晋升；促进
[佳句背诵] Doing the same sports on the playground gives us the opportunity to promote our friendship.(天津卷)
在操场上做同样的运动给了我们增进友谊的机会。
get promoted 被提拔
promote...as... 把……提拔为……
promote sb to 提升/晋升某人到……(职位)
[活学巧用] 语境辨义/翻译句子
New machines should be introduced to promote production.vt.促进
He got promoted from a worker to a manager last week.vt.提拔
He was in town to promote his new book.vt.推销
这场活动不仅使我们亲近了大自然，而且还增进了同学间的友谊。(倒装句)
Not__only__did__the__activity__get__us__close__to__nature,__it__also__promoted__the__friendship__among__classmates.
4.take part in参与(某事)；参加(某活动)
[佳句背诵] With the school music festival around the corner, I’d like to invite you to take part in it.(邀请信，全国Ⅲ卷)
由于学校音乐节即将来临，我想邀请你参加。
take an active part in 积极参加……
participate in/join in 参加；加入
play a part/role in 在……中起作用；
在……中扮演角色
[活学巧用] 补全句子
In my opinion，the__more__you__take__part__in/participate__in__after－class__activities，the more likely you will adapt to the new environment.(学校生活)
在我看来，你参加的课外活动越多，你就越可能适应新的环境。
Besides dieting，exercising plays__an__important__part/role__in__losing__weight.
除节食外，锻炼对于减肥也起着重要的作用。
5.forgive vt.& vi.(forgave，forgiven)原谅；宽恕 vt.对不起；请原谅
·forgiveness n.宽恕，原谅
[佳句背诵] I sincerely hope that you can forgive me for what I attempted to do.(道歉信)
我真诚地希望你能够原谅我尝试做的事情。
forgive sb/oneself for (doing) sth
原谅某人(做了)某事
[活学巧用] 单句语法填空/补全句子
The shy girl didn’t know how to ask for her mother’s forgiveness(forgive).
Forgive__me__for__having__taken__up__so__much__of__your__time and accept my best wishes for you.
请原谅我耽搁了您这么多时间，请接受我对您最美好的祝愿。
6.It is said that it’s a mirror that can tell right from wrong!
据说它是一面能分辨是非的镜子！
句中It是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。该结构相当于People say that...。
句型公式|It is said that...
(1)句式It is said that...＝Sb/Sth is said to do sth，意为“据说……”。其中，不定式根据情况可用一般式、进行式或完成式。
(2)用于本句型的动词还有：think，believe，expect，report，consider，suppose等。
[佳句背诵]
It is believed/supposed/thought that we should present our own opinions rather than blindly follow others.
人们认为，我们应该表达自己的观点，而不是盲从别人。
It is reported that the traffic accident has caused three deaths.
＝The traffic accident is reported to have caused three deaths.
据报道那次交通事故已造成三人死亡。
[活学巧用] 一句多译
人们认为，阅读能增长我们的知识，开阔我们的眼界。
→It is__believed__that__reading__can__increase__our__knowledge__and__broaden__our__horizons.
→Reading is__believed__to__increase__our__knowledge__and__broaden__our__horizons.
Ⅰ.翻译词块
1.pass__on__to__the__future__generations传给后代
2.Chinese__culture 中国文化
3.Mount__Tai泰山
4.take__photos拍照
5.talk__to__local__teenagers与当地青少年交谈
6.take__part__in__an__international__youth__camp
参加一个国际青年训练营
7.make/create an app 开发一个应用程序
8.an international youth project
一个国际青年项目
9.preserve/protect cultural heritage 保护文化遗产
10.protect cultural relics 保护文化遗迹
11.tell right from wrong辨别是非
12.forgive me for asking请原谅我问一下
Ⅱ.补全对话
刘斌是一名高中生，正在设计一个介绍泰山的程序，他的美国朋友Martin想了解这个程序和泰山的情况，两人进行了交流……
Martin：Hello.What are you doing
Liu Bin：1.I__am__creating__an__app__about__Mount__Tai(我正在开发一款关于泰山的应用程序)，one of the most famous mountains in China.
Martin：Oh，that is a clever idea.Please 2.tell__me__about__the__app__you__are__making(告诉我关于你正在制作的应用程序).
Liu Bin：
3.We__want__to__tell__teenagers__in__foreign__countries__about__Mount__Tai__and__Chinese__culture(我们想向国外的青少年介绍一下泰山和中国文化).The app also has a few games about cultural relics.
Martin：That’s great！4.Do__you__think__that__some__people__will__use__the__app__instead__of__visiting__Mount__Tai(你认为有些人会使用这款应用程序而不去游览泰山吗)
Liu Bin：No，not a chance！The app is great，but
5.the__best__way__to__see__Mount__Tai__is__to__climb__all__6，000__steps(了解泰山最好的方式还是攀爬全部6 000级台阶)!
Martin：What？！How many steps
Liu Bin：More than 6，000!Period Ⅳ Reading for Writing——新闻报道
Activity Ⅰ Read for details
(Ⅰ)Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What is the news report mainly about
A.Chinese researchers’ contributions.
B.The Mogao Caves of China.
C.High－quality digital photos.
D.International communication.
2.What are the researchers and scientists trying to do
A.To help people understand and appreciate China’s Mogao Caves.
B.To work together to find more information about the Silk Road.
C.To raise money to rebuild the Mogao Caves of China.
D.To start an international project to protect the Mogao Caves.
3.What modern technology are scientists using
A.The computer.
B.The Internet.
C.A copy of caves.
D.High－quality digital photography.
4.What do you think of the researcher’s opinion in the last paragraph
A.It’s right. B.It’s wrong.
C.It’s puzzling. D.It’s foolish.
答案 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.A
(Ⅱ)Read the text again and mark the 6 parts in it.
A.Lead sentence(导语)
B.Direct quote(直接引用语)
C.Paraphrase(解释)
D.Background information(背景信息)
E.Reporting verb(引述动词)
F.Words to show comparison/contrast(表示比较/对比)
答案
A.A group of researchers and scientists from China and other countries are working together...China’s ancient cultural heritage.
B.“Appreciating one’s own cultural heritage...communication and understanding.”
C.They are recording and collecting digital images of cultural relics from...in 1994.
D.The Mogao Caves have long been a meeting point for different cultures and are part of the history of many countries.
E.explain
F.Today，the caves are just as international as they were at the time when people travelled the Silk Road.
Activity Ⅱ Read for typical sentences
Structure Function Language features
Headline To get readers’ attention ·paraphrase (解释) ·comparison/ contrast(比较或对比) ·direct quote (直接引用语) ·reporting verbs (引述动词) ·relative clauses (定语从句)
Lead sentence ①To__tell__the__readers__who，where，when，what，why
Body To provide background information and details for readers
Ending ②To__end__with__a__short__summary__to__help__readers__remember__the__main__idea
[多学一点] 更多有关新闻报道的高级句式
一、导语
1.In order to enrich our campus life，our school organized a 5km cross－country running race last Sunday.
为了丰富我们的校园生活，我校于上周日组织了一场5公里越野跑比赛。
2.An activity，whose theme was protecting the environment/with the theme of protecting the environment, was held by the Students’ Union.
学生会举办了一场以保护环境为主题的活动。
3.There is a heritage protection organization in Wuhu who are taking action to protect the cultural heritage. 在芜湖有一个文化遗产保护组织，他们正在采取行动保护文化遗产。
二、主体部分常用语
1.Teachers and students who are interested in Chinese traditional culture join in/participate in/take part in the activity. 对中华传统文化感兴趣的老师和学生参加了这次活动。
2.They travel to search for and take pictures of cultural relics as well as old houses.
他们四处寻找文物和老房子并且拍摄照片。
3.They will also show the public the worrying situation of cultural relics by showing the pictures to them. 他们也会通过向公众展示照片的形式让公众了解令人担忧的文物状况。
4.They wake up people’s awareness of heritage protection through action.
他们通过行动唤醒人们的文化遗产保护意识。
5.With the help of the rescue team，people who were trapped in the flood were saved.
在救援队的帮助下，困在洪水中的人们得救了。
三、结语常用语
1.It was through this activity that we fully realized that the awareness of respecting the old should be raised. 正是通过这次活动，我们充分认识到应该提高尊老意识。
2.Everyone thinks highly of this activity, for it is a good chance to get close to nature.
每个人对该活动的评价都很高，因为这是一个亲近大自然的好机会。
新闻报道往往从现实生活中选择最新的事实，及时加以报道。新闻要以事实说话，它是由时间、地点、人物以及事情的起因、经过、结果等要素组成的。文章架构为：
假如你是李华，是英语报的记者，请根据以下要点写一篇新闻报道，介绍一下为保护敦煌莫高窟作出巨大贡献的考古学家樊锦诗的事迹。
姓名：樊锦诗
身份：考古学家
出生年份：1938年
出生地：北京
毕业学校、年份：北京大学，1963年
专业：考古学专业
成就：自毕业后已在敦煌研究所坚持工作50余年，被誉为“敦煌女儿”。致力于石窟的研究和保护。创造了“数字敦煌”，收集和录制莫高窟的文化遗迹。对文物保护作出了巨大的贡献。一生中荣获了很多奖，被评为“100位新中国成立以来感动中国人物”。
第一步 审题谋篇
审题谋篇 审题 文体：新闻报道
时态：一般过去时、现在完成时为主
人称：以第三人称为主
谋篇 首段：个人简介
中段：主要贡献
尾段：获得荣誉
第二步 要点翻译
1.樊锦诗，1938年出生于北京，是一名著名的考古学家，她积极参与莫高窟的研究和保护。
Fan Jinshi，born__in__Beijing__in__1938，is a famous archaeologist，and she takes__an__active__part__in__the__study__and__preservation of the Mogao Caves.
2.她1963年毕业于北京大学，主修考古学专业。
She graduated__from Peking University in 1963 and majored__in archaeology.
3.从北京大学毕业之后，她在敦煌研究所工作了50多年。
She worked__in Dunhuang Academy for more than 50 years after graduating from Peking University.
4.她认为她为之所作的一切贡献都是值得的。
In her opinion，all__her__contribution__to__it__is__worthwhile.
5.她创建了数字敦煌，记录和收集了莫高窟文物的数字图像。
She established__digital__Dunhuang，recording and collecting digital__images__of__cultural__relics from the Mogao Caves.
6.在她的一生中，她获得了许多荣誉，其中之一是“100位新中国成立以来感动中国人物”。
In her life，she got__many__honours，and one of them is “one hundred people moving China since the__founding__of the People’s Republic of China”.
第三步 词句升级
1.用定语从句升级要点1
Fan Jinshi，born in Beijing in 1938，is a famous archaeologist，who__takes__an__active__part__in__the__study__and__preservation__of__the__Mogao__Caves.
2.用分词作状语升级要点2
She__graduated__from__Peking__University__in__1963，majoring__in__archaeology.
3.用定语从句升级要点6
In her life，she got many honours，one__of__which__is__“one__hundred__people__moving__China__since__the__founding__of__the__People’s__Republic__of__China”.
第四步 连句成篇
Fan Jinshi—A Great Archaeologist
Fan Jinshi，born in Beijing in 1938，is a famous archaeologist，who takes an active part in the study and preservation of the Mogao Caves.
She graduated from Peking University in 1963，majoring in archaeology.She worked in Dunhuang Academy for more than 50 years ince after graduating from Peking University.In her opinion, all her contribution to it is worthwhile.Besides, she established digital Dunhuang，recording and collecting digital images of cultural relics from the Mogao Caves.
In her life，she got many honours，one of which is“one hundred people moving China since the founding of the People’s Republic of China”.
假定你是李华，上周五你校英语角举行了一场主题为“How to protect Chinese cultural heritage”的英语演讲比赛，请你用英语写一篇新闻稿对此事进行报道，内容包括：
1.比赛时间及地点。
2.比赛内容：
(1) 宣传保护文化遗产的意义；
(2) 提出创新性建议。
3.比赛结果及影响。
How to protect Chinese cultural heritage
【参考范文】
How to protect Chinese cultural heritage
In an effort to raise students’ awareness of protecting Chinese cultural heritage, the English Corner of our school held an English Speech Contest in the school lecture hall on Friday.
During the contest, participants first expressed their opinions on the significance of cultural heritage protection.Then/After that, they shared the measures our country had taken to protect the cultural heritage sites.At last, they put forward their own creative ideas about how to better protect them, ranging from setting up an online museum to being a civilized citizen in daily life.
The whole contest went on in a warm atmosphere, and we have realized that more attention should be drawn to the protection of cultural heritage.Period Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures——限制性定语从句(3)
1.There comes a time when the old must give way to the new，and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.
2.Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt’s cultural heritage.
3.Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece，and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.
4.Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO，which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing.
5.Here is the man whom you’ve been looking for.
6.She still remembers the day on which she won the prize.
【自主发现】
1.句1－6画线部分都是限制性定语从句。
2.句2、4和5中，先行词都是表示人或物的名词，所以其后的定语从句用关系代词whom或者that 等来引导；句2、4中先行词在从句中作的都是主语，关系代词不能省略。
3.句1、3中，先行词分别是表示时间和地点的名词，且在后面的从句中作状语，所以用关系副词 when 和 where来引导。
4.句4中，which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词UNESCO。
一、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
二者在形式上，非限制性定语从句用逗号与先行词隔开，限制性定语从句则不用逗号隔开。除此之外还有下列区别：
类型 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
功能 是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，不可去掉，否则主句意思不完整 对先行词补充说明，可去掉，去掉后主句意思仍完整
先行词 名词、代词或名词性短语 名词、代词、名词性短语或整个主句
关系词的使用情况 that，which，who，whom，whose，as，where，when，why which，who，whom，whose，as，where，when
翻译方式 一般译为定语 一般译为并列分句
My elder sister who has settled in Beijing sends me an e－mail almost every day.(限制性定语从句)
我已在北京定居的姐姐几乎每天都给我发一封电子邮件。
My elder sister，who has settled in Beijing，sends me an e－mail almost every day.(非限制性定语从句)
我姐姐已在北京定居，她几乎每天都给我发一封电子邮件。
The film(which/that) I saw a few days ago is well worth seeing.(限制性定语从句)
我几天前看过的那部电影很值得一看。
The film，which I saw a few days ago，is well worth seeing.(非限制性定语从句)
那部电影很值得一看，我几天前看过。
二、关系副词和关系代词的区别
关系副词和关系代词的选择根据先行词在定语从句中作的成分来确定。若是作状语，则用关系副词或“介词＋which”；若是作主语、宾语、表语或定语，则用关系代词。
种 类 功能 先行词
关系 代词 that 主语、宾语 人或物
which 主语、宾语 物
who 主语、宾语 人
whom 宾语 人
whose 定语 人或物
as 主语、宾语、表语 人或物
关系 副词 when 时间状语 时间
where 地点状语 地点
why 原因状语 reason
I’ll never forget the days (that/which) I spent with my teacher.(that/which在从句中作宾语)
我永远也忘不了我同老师一起度过的日子。
I’ll never forget the days when I played with you.(when在从句中作时间状语)
我绝不会忘记和你一起玩耍的日子。
The factory (that/which) we visited yesterday was built last year.(that/which在从句中作宾语)
昨天我们参观的工厂是去年建成的。
The factory where he works was built last year.(where在从句中作地点状语)
他工作的那家工厂是去年建成的。
This is the reason (that/which) she gave me for doing it.(that/which在从句中作宾语)
这是她给我的做这件事的理由。
The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.(why/for which在从句中作原因状语)
他拒绝接受邀请的原因十分明了。
三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。
选用介词的四个依据：
(1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)
Yesterday we visited the West Lake，for which Hangzhou is famous.(be famous for“因……而出名”)
昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。
(2)根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.(with camera“用照相机”)
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。
The boss in whose company Mr King worked heard about the accident.(in the boss’ company)
金先生所工作的公司的老板听说了这起事故。
(3)根据句子的意思来选择
The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
这种无色的、离了它我们就无法生存的气体是氧气。
(4)表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。
I have about 10 books half of which were written by Mo Yan.
我有大约10本书，其中一半是莫言所作。
[名师点津] 在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after，look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)
The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误)
Ⅰ.用适当的关系词或介词填空
1.Is this the car for which you paid a high price
2.Copper is one of the metals with which we are most familiar.
3.We will be shown around some places which/that visitors seldom visit.
4.We will be shown around some places where visitors seldom go.
5.I will never forget those years when I lived in the countryside with the farmers.
6.I will never forget those years which/that I spent in the countryside with the farmers.
7.We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
8.Do you think the reason why he was late is believable
9.This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.
10.Maria has written two novels，both of which have been made into television series.
Ⅱ.补全句子/翻译句子
1.Those who__are__interested__in__the__activity can sign up before June 15.
对这次活动感兴趣的人可在6月15日前报名。
2.There are more than 3，000 students in our school，the majority of__whom__can__put__their__hearts__into__their__studies.
我们学校有3 000多名学生，大多数都能用心学习。
3.Can you tell me the reason why/for__which__you__are__late__again
你能够告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗？
4.I desire to take part in the activity which/that__will__be__held__in__the__school__lecture__hall__on__June__19.
我渴望参加将于6月19日在学校报告厅举行的活动。
5.这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。
This__is__the__best__novel__that__I__have__ever__read.
6.我昨天晚上看过那部小说了，它非常有意思。
The__novel，which__I__read__last__night，is__very__interesting.单元知识回顾
Ⅰ.默写词块
一、教材词块默写
1.give__way__to__the__new给新事物让步
2.all__over__the__world在世界各地
3.be__familiar__with熟悉
4.protect__cultural__relics__on__Mount__Tai保护泰山文物
5.a__professional__archaeologist一个专业的考古学家
6.produce__electricity发电
7.lead__to__protests 导致抗议
8.prevent__the__loss__of__cultural__relics防止文物损失
9.raise__funds__within__the__international__community
在国际范围内筹集资金
10.investigate__the__issue调查这个问题
11.conduct__several__tests进行多次试验
12.a__great__success一个巨大的成功
13.a__key__stop__along__the__Silk__Road
丝绸之路上的一个关键站点
14.work__together__to__build__a__better__tomorrow
共同合作创造美好未来
15.download__that__free__app下载那个免费应用程序
16.at__the__entrance__to__the__Great__Pyramid
在大金字塔入口处
二、讲解词块默写
1.the__former...，the__latter...前者……，后者……
2.a__nature__preserve自然保护区
3.take__an__active__part__in积极参加……
4.give__way__to让步；屈服；被……代替
5.keep__a__balanced__diet保持均衡饮食
6.beyond__the__limit超过限度
7.attempt__to__do__sth/make__an__attempt__to__do/at__doing__sth努力做某事；企图做某事
8.in__the__process__of在……过程中
9.of__good/high/poor__quality质量好的/高的/差的
10.by__tradition按照传统
11.in__comparison__with/to与……相比
12.by__contrast对比之下
Ⅱ.补全句子
1.The length of the article should be__limited__to__400__words__or__so.(limit)
文章的长度应限制在四百词左右。
2.Not only can__the__clubs__enrich__your__knowledge__of__Chinese__traditional__culture，but they also make your school life colorful and interesting.(enrich)
俱乐部不仅可以丰富你的中华传统文化知识，也使你的学校生活丰富多彩。
3.We must take effective measures to__prevent__local__villagers__from__cutting__down the trees in the forest.(prevent)
我们必须采取有效措施防止当地村民砍伐森林里的树木。
4.It’s__believed__that there’s little chance that mankind would survive a nuclear war.(it作形式主语)
人们相信人类在核战争中幸存的可能性很小。
5.It__is__a__tradition__for__Chinese to make dumplings on New Year’s Eve.(it作形式主语)
在除夕夜包饺子是中国人的传统。
Ⅲ.语法填空——核心考点语境串记
There is an old temple on the top of the high mount in our hometown.Its roof，entrances and exits 1.were__designed(design) in a fancy style.According to some investigations and documents，it has a long history，so it 2.is__identified(identify) as a cultural heritage of our country.So famous is it 3.that it attracts tourists from all over the world.The committee of the local department takes measures 4.to__preserve(preserve) the temple.To promote us students’ 5.awareness(aware) of preventing the temple from being destroyed，our school has made 6.a proposal.Every student takes part in the activity.Some turn to professionals and archaeologists 7.for help.Some call on people to donate funds to this action.We must make sure everyone can make contributions to 8.protecting(protect) cultural relics.Our abilities are limited，so we established an online 9.application(apply) to post high quality digital images that people can easily download.In this way，those overseas and in China can make joint efforts to solve the issue on how to protect ancient relics.In our opinion，it is worthwhile protecting historic heritage and Chinese traditions from disappearing.We firmly believe that our 10.attempts(attempt) can lead to good results.
