Period Ⅳ Reading for Writing——海报
Activity Ⅰ Read for details
(Ⅰ)Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What should we do when we protect the wild animals
A.Treat all the wild animals equally.
B.Only pay attention to less cute animals.
C.Pay attention to cute animals.
D.Care about the endangered wild animals.
2.What’s the bad effect of cutting down billions of trees to make paper for humans
A.Make a lot of animals homeless.
B.Make a number of wild animals die out.
C.Animals’ habitats are being destroyed.
D.All of the above.
3.What does the second poster want people to do
A.Protect the environment.
B.Protect the animals.
C.Don’t make animals homeless for making paper.
D.Don’t cut down trees.
答案 1.A 2.D 3.C
(Ⅱ)Figure out the structure of Poster 1.
1.Sentence 1：To__introduce__the__topic.
2.Sentences 2&3：To__give__reasons.
3.Sentence 4：To__draw__a__conclusion.
Activity Ⅱ Read for typical sentences
1.Please find out the key sentence of Poster 1，which shows the main idea of the passage.
When__it__comes__to__wildlife__protection,__all__species—the__good,__the__bad,__and__the__ugly—should__be__treated__equally.
2.Please find out the question sentence of Poster 2 to draw readers’ attention.
Is__it__right__to__make__animals__homeless__so__that__humans__can__have__more__paper
[多学一点] 更多动物保护海报的高级句式
1.It’s because of human activities that tigers are endangered.
正是因为人类的活动，老虎处于濒危的状态。
2.The government has taken effective measures to protect them.
政府已采取有效的措施来保护它们。
3.People should raise the awareness of the protection of wild animals.
人们应该提高保护野生动物的意识。
4.It’s amazing that there are merely over 1，200 finless porpoises living in China.
令人吃惊的是，目前中国仅有1 200多只左右江豚。
5.Elephants would be in danger of dying out if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished.
如果再允许人们随心所欲地射杀大象，大象就会有灭绝的危险。
6.The number of plants and animals on the earth is becoming smaller and smaller.
地球上的植物和动物的数量正变得越来越少。
7.Air and water are being polluted so that the environment in which animals live is destroyed.
空气和水正受到污染，以至于动物生存的环境被破坏。
8.Believe it or not, at present only several thousand pandas exist in the world.
信不信由你，世界上仅现存几千只熊猫。
英文海报通常含有通知性、宣传性，所以主题要明确，一目了然。它还包含广告的特点，要求内容简明扼要，形式丰富。文章架构为：
1.标题(headline)——首先根据海报的特点、格式写明标题。海报中往往把内容作为大标题。例如：Save the earth，Save the birds。
2.正文部分(content)——不同的海报其正文部分的侧重点不同。对于介绍性的海报，首先要引出话题，其次列出原因，最后是总结。对于宣传类的海报，要写明具体内容，如活动内容、地点以及参加活动的注意事项、主持或举办单位等。
3.图片(image)——要选择引人注目的图片，与主题要相关，色彩明亮。
假定你是李华，学校动物保护协会的一员，请设计一个海报，号召人们加入保护大熊猫的行动。内容包括：
1.大熊猫是中国乃至世界的稀有动物；
2.由于栖息地遭到破坏，竹子被砍伐，大熊猫觅食越来越困难，正濒临灭绝；
3.政府已建立数个自然保护区来保护大熊猫；
4.拯救大熊猫的项目需要更多的关注和资金。
第一步 审题谋篇
审题谋篇 审题 文体：海报
时态：一般过去时和一般将来时为主
人称：以第三人称为主
谋篇 第一部分：海报的标题——简明，吸引眼球
第二部分：海报的正文——语言生动形象、简明扼要
第三部分：海报的结束语——总结呼吁
第二步 要点翻译
1.大熊猫不仅是中国的稀有动物，也是地球上最稀有的动物之一。
The giant panda is not only a rare animal in China but__also__one__of__the__rarest__animals on the earth.
2.随着越来越多的栖息地正被破坏，大部分的竹子已被砍伐，大熊猫为自己寻找食物变得越来越难。
As more and more habitats are being destroyed and most of the bamboo has__been__cut__down，it is becoming more and more difficult for giant pandas to find food for themselves.
3.它们正在灭绝。
They are__becoming__extinct/dying__out.
4.为了拯救大熊猫，我国政府已设立了一些自然保护区。
To save giant pandas，our government has__set__up__some__nature__reserves.
5.实施这一重要的救援项目还需要更多的资金和关注。
More funds and attention are__needed__to__carry__out__this__important__rescue__project.
第三步 词句升级
1.用倒装句升级要点1
Not__only__is__the__giant__panda__a__rare__animal__in__China，but it also is one of the rarest animals on the earth.
2.用with复合结构升级要点2
With__more__and__more__habitats__being__destroyed__and__most__of__the__bamboo__cut__down，it is becoming more and more difficult for giant pandas to find food for themselves.
第四步 连句成篇
Save Gaint Pandas
Not only is the giant panda a rare animal in China，but it also is one of the rarest animals on the earth.With more and more habitats being destroyed and most of the bamboo cut down，it is becoming more and more difficult for giant pandas to find food for themselves.So they are becoming extinct.To save giant pandas，our government has set up some nature reserves.But more funds and attention are needed to carry out this important rescue project.
请根据下面有关华南虎(South China tiger)的信息，制作一个有关保护华南虎的海报。
South China Tiger Why is it endangered？Habitat loss；hunted for its skin and fur What is being done？A plan is being carried out to increase the number of wild tigers. What can we do？Do not buy fur or other tiger products！
【参考范文】
South China Tigers
South China tigers are dying out and they are now an endangered species! Some people hunt them for their fur and skin.Human activities have caused the rapid loss of their habitat.It is due to the reasons above that their population is decreasing at an alarming rate.To increase the number of wild tigers，a plan is being carried out.Isn’t it time to stop buying fur or other tiger products Shouldn’t we exist in harmony with such beautiful creatures？Period Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
Part 1 Reading Comprehension——通文本
Step Ⅰ Read for the main idea
Match the main idea of each paragraph.
Para.1 A.We must change our way of life.
Para.2 B.We’re here to observe Tibetan antelopes.
Para.3 C.The danger Tibetan antelopes were in.
Para.4 D.The government took effective measures.
Paras.5&6 E.Tibetan antelopes had a hard time.
Para.7 F.The Changtang National Nature Reserve has been set up.
答案 Para.1 B Para.2 C Para.3 F Para.4 E Paras.5&6 D Para.7 A
Step Ⅱ Read the lines
Read the text carefully and finish the following exercises.
1.Why did the author and his friends go to the Changtang National Nature Reserve
A.To climb the mountains.
B.To enjoy the beautiful scenery.
C.To observe Tibetan antelopes.
D.To catch the men who hunt antelopes.
2.Why should we protect the wildlife
A.Saving the animals means saving ourselves.
B.Some wild animals are in danger of dying out.
C.The number of some wild animals is decreasing.
D.Some wild animals are being hunted illegally.
3.What took place after the government took protective measures
A.The habitat area of the Tibetan antelope has expanded a lot.
B.The population of the Tibetan antelope has recovered.
C.The Tibetan antelope is still listed as an endangered animal.
D.The threats to the Tibetan antelope have disappeared.
4.According to the writer’s point of view，how can we really save the earth
A.Try our best to protect wildlife.
B.We must do more in environmental protection.
C.We have to change our way of life and live in harmony with nature.
D.Remove all the threats to wildlife.
答案 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C
5.What did the writer see during his trip
(1)Snow－covered__mountains disappearing into clouds；
(2)Tibetan__antelopes moving slowly across the green grass.
6.What happened to the Tibetan antelope in the 1980s and 1990s
The__antelope__population__dropped__by__more__than__50%__and__their__habitats__became__smaller.
Step Ⅲ Read between the lines
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What is the author’s attitude towards the wildlife protection
A.Negative. B.Supportive.
C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.
2.How did the writer feel in the evening
A.Worried. B.Hopeless.
C.Excited. D.Relaxed.
答案 1.B 2.A
Step Ⅳ Read beyond the lines
1.The writer says that we must change our way of life and learn to live in harmony with nature in order to save our planet.Do you agree What do you think we should do or change？(Critical thinking)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2.What do you think we need to do to protect wildlife (Creative thinking)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Step Ⅴ Sentence－learning
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1.To our left，snow－covered mountains disappear into clouds that seem almost close enough to touch.
[句式分析] 本句是主从复合句。其中To our left为状语；that引导定语从句，修饰clouds，在从句中作主语，可以替换为which。
尝试翻译：在我们的左方，白雪皑皑的群山消失在似乎触手可及的云层中。
2.The government，however，does not intend to stop the protection programmes，since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.
[句式分析] 本句是主从复合句。intend to do sth意思是“计划、打算做某事”，the threats to意思是“对……的威胁”；since引导原因状语从句。
尝试翻译：然而，政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目，因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。
3.Much is being done to protect wildlife，but if we really want to save the planet，we must change our way of life.
[句式分析] 本句是并列复合句。is being done是现在进行时的被动语态；but为并列连词，表转折；if引导条件状语从句。
尝试翻译：大量的工作正在进行中，以保护野生动物，但是，如果我们真想拯救地球，就必须改变我们自己的生活方式。
4.Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
[句式分析] 本句是主从复合句。“Only＋状语从句”置于句首，主句用部分倒装，即把情态动词放在主语之前；短语exist in harmony with意思是“与……和谐共处”。
尝试翻译：只有学会和大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。
Step Ⅵ Post－reading
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
To observe Tibetan antelopes，we come to Xizang.There we make out 1.a herd of graceful animals and I’m struck by their beauty.I 2.am__reminded (remind) of the danger they were in.They were hunted 3.illegally (illegal) for their valuable fur.
To protect them，the Changtang National Nature Reserve was set up，4.which is a shelter for the animals and plants of northwestern Xizang.
In the 1980s and 1990s，the population of the Tibetan antelope dropped sharply because of being shot to make profits and the loss of 5.their (they) habitats.In order to prevent this species from 6.extinction (extinct)，the Chinese government took effective 7.measures (measure) to place it under national protection.Its population has recovered and it was removed from the 8.endangered (danger) species list.However，the government doesn’t intend 9.to__give (give) up the protection programmes.To save wildlife，we should learn to exist 10.in harmony with nature.
Part 2 Language Points——析考点
Ⅰ.写作单词——记其形
1.remind us to mind our behaviour
提醒我们注意自己的行为
2.annual average temperature年平均气温
3.appeal to a mass audience吸引广大观众
4.take immediate measures to protect endangered plants and animals
立即采取措施保护濒危动植物
5.observe the National Day庆祝国庆节
6.remove one’s dark glasses摘掉某人的墨镜
Ⅱ.阅读单词——知其意
1.species n.物种
2.habitat n.(动植物的)生活环境；栖息地
3.authority n.官方；当权；权威
4.plain n.平原 adj.简单明了的；直率的；平凡的
5.sacred adj.神圣的；受尊敬的
6.profit n.利润；利益
7.creature n.生物；动物
Ⅲ.拓展单词——通其变
1.illegal adj.不合法的；非法的
illegally adv.不合法地；非法地
legal adj.合法的
2.hunt vt.& vi.打猎；搜寻；追捕
hunter n.猎人
3.exist vi.存在；生存
existence n.存在；生存
4.alarming adj.惊人的；使人惊恐的
alarm vt.使惊恐；使害怕；使担心 n.恐慌；警报；警报器
alarmed adj.感到惊恐的
5.intend vi.& vt.打算；计划；想要
intention n.打算；计划；意图；目的
6.extinct adj.已灭绝的
extinction n.灭绝
7.concern vt.涉及；让……担忧 n.担心；担忧；忧虑；关爱
concerned adj.担心的；关切的；有关的；相关的
concerning prep.关于
8.effective adj.有效的；生效的
effect n.效果；影响
9.recover vi.恢复；康复 vt.找回；寻回
recovery n.恢复；康复；找回；寻回
10.threat n.威胁
threaten vt.威胁；危及
11.aware adj.知道；发觉；有……意识的
awareness n.认识；意识
12.adapt vi.适应 vt.使适应；使适合；改编
adaptable adj.适应性强的，能适应的
adaptation n.适应(性)；改编(本)
13.pressure n.压力；要求
press vt.按；压
14.reserve n.(动植物)保护区；储藏(量)
vt.预订；预留；保留
reservation n.预订；预留
15.observe vt.观察(到)；注视；遵守；庆祝
observation n.观察；注视；遵守
16.beauty n.美；美人；美好的东西
beautiful adj.美丽的
17.harmony n.和谐；融洽
harmonious adj.和谐的
Ⅳ.必备短语——英汉译
1.die__out灭亡；逐渐消失
2.(be)aware__of意识到；知道
3.on__average平均
4.(be)__concerned__about
对……关切的；为……担忧的
5.adapt__to适应
6.make__out看清；听清；分清；辨认出；理解；填写
7.remind__sb__of__sb/sth
使某人想起(类似的人或物)
8.on earth(放在疑问词之后表示强调)究竟；到底
9.make progress取得进步
10.under pressure在压力下；承受压力
11.watch over保护；照管；监督
12.day and night日日夜夜；夜以继日
Ⅴ.常用句型——会仿写
1.句型公式：This is why...
[原句] This is why we’re here—to observe Tibetan antelopes.
这就是我们来此地的原因——观察藏羚羊。
仿写：随着世界正在变成一个地球村，英语变得越来越重要，这就是我如此热衷于学英语的原因。
With the world becoming a global village，English is getting more and more important.This__is__why__I__am__so__crazy__about__learning__English.
2.句型公式：现在分词短语作状语
[原句] Watching them move slowly across the green grass，I’m struck by their beauty.
看着它们(藏羚羊)缓缓穿过绿色的草地，我被其美丽所震撼。
仿写：学生们终于安全渡过了深水，向他们的老师表达了衷心的感谢。
The students finally crossed the deep water safely，expressing__their__heartfelt__gratitude__to__their__teachers.
3.句型公式：“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首的倒装句
[原句] Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
只有学会和大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。
仿写：只有当我到达山顶时，我才感觉到有极大的成就感。
Only when__I__reached__the__top__of__the__mountain__did__I__feel a great sense of achievement.
1.make out看清；听清；分清；辨认出；
理解；填写
[佳句背诵] His speech is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out what he is trying to express.
他的演讲如此令人困惑以至于很难理解他想表达什么。
make up 组成；编造；化妆；弥补
make it 获得成功；渡过难关；准时到达
make progress 取得进步
make up for... 弥补……
[活学巧用] 补全句子
Although Tom had not seen his elder sister for twenty years, he made__her__out__as__soon__as__she__got__off__the__train.
尽管汤姆二十年没有见过他的姐姐了，但姐姐一下火车他就认出了她。
Only a small percentage of students learn by looking through websites, which__makes__up__12%.(短文投稿，2022·全国乙卷)
只有一小部分学生通过浏览网站来学习，占比12%。
2.observe vt.观察(到)；注视；遵守；庆祝
·observation n.观察；注视；遵守
[佳句背诵] However far it is，Chinese people will return to their home to observe the Spring Festival.(传统文化)
无论离家多远，中国人都会回到家乡庆祝春节。
observe sb doing/do sth注意到某人正在做/做某事
observe that... 观察到……，注意到……
[名师点津] observe后可加省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中，不定式作主语补足语时，to不能省略。
[活学巧用] 单句语法填空/补全句子
Although the thief was careful，he was still observed to__slip(slip) into the house.
Sherlock Holmes is known to everybody for his quick thinking and careful observation(observe).
I recommend that you__should__observe__the__common__rule“When in Rome，do as the Romans do”.(建议信)
我建议你遵守“入乡随俗”这个准则。
3.remind vt.提醒；使想起
·reminder n.起提醒作用的东西；提醒者
[佳句背诵] Reminded not to hang out at midnight，the boy headed home soon.
男孩被提醒不要半夜闲逛，很快就回家了。
remind sb of sb/sth使某人想起(类似的人或物)
remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
remind (sb) that/how/what... 提醒(某人)……
[活学巧用] 单句语法填空/补全句子
You must remind him to__take (take) his medicine in case he forgets.
Reminded (remind) not to drive after drinking，some drivers are still trying their luck，which is really dangerous.
To help them cook the breakfast smoothly，the father constantly__reminded__them__of__what__to__do__next.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
为了帮助他们顺利地煮好早餐，爸爸不断提醒他们下一步该做什么。
4.watch over保护；照管；监督
[佳句背诵] It can watch over the old while you are not at home.
当你不在家时，它可以照管老人。
(1)watch out (for...)注意；小心 (……)
(2)keep a close watch on 密切监视
be on watch 值班；看守
[活学巧用] 语境辨义/补全句子
The engineers and workmen watched over the dam day and night.照管
The work of cleaning the stones is watched over by three Indian chemists.监督
Watch__out__for the haze；it may do great harm to us.
当心这种雾霾，它可能对我们造成很大损害。
5.recover vi.恢复；康复 vt.找回；寻回
·recovery n.恢复；康复；找回；寻回
[佳句背诵] We sincerely hope you will recover yourself quickly and return to China earlier.(慰问信，浙江7月卷)
我们衷心希望您很快康复，早日回到中国。
recover from＝make a recovery from
从……中康复/恢复过来
[活学巧用] 语境辨义/一句多译
She is surprised at the recovery of the missing diamond.n.找回；寻回
听到他的父亲还没有从手术中恢复过来，我很难过。
→I am sorry to hear that his father hasn’t recovered__from__the__operation.(recover)
→I am upset to hear that his father hasn’t made__a__recovery__from__the__operation.(recovery)
6.remove vt.去除；移开；脱去；摘下；拿走；开除；免职 vi.搬走；搬迁
[佳句背诵] With a plain explanation，he completely removed our doubts.
通过一个清楚的解释，他完全消除了我们的疑虑。
remove...from... 把……从……移开
remove sb from school 开除某人，勒令某人退学
remove one’s doubt 消除某人的疑虑
[活学巧用] 语境辨义/补全句子
The player was removed from the team.vt.开除
She saw he had removed his glasses.vt.摘下
Our office has removed to Shanghai from Beijing.vi.搬迁
Please remove__your__bag__from__the__seat so that I can sit down.
请把你的包从座位上拿走，那样我就可以坐下了。
7.intend vi.& vt.打算；计划；想要
·intended adj.为……打算(或设计)的
·intention n.打算；计划；意图；目的
[佳句背诵] After entering senior high school，I intend to set new goals in my studies and stick to them until I succeed.(学校生活)
上高中后，我打算在我的学习中设定新的目标，并坚持下去，直到我成功。
(1)intend doing/to do sth
打算做某事，计划做某事
intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事
(2)be intended for 专门为……准备/打算
be intended to do sth
专为做某事而设计的；旨在做某事
(3)with an/the intention of
抱有……的目的；打算……
[活学巧用] 单句语法填空/句式升级
Our school organized a five－kilometer cross－country running race with the intention (intend) of improving our physical and mental strength.(活动介绍)
The program was set up with the intention of helping the homeless.
→The program，which__was__intended__to__help__the__homeless，was set up.(intended，定语从句)
→The program，intending__to__help/helping__the__homeless，was set up.(intend，分词短语作定语)
8.exist vi.存在；生存
·existence n.存在；生存
·existing adj.现有的；现存的
[佳句背诵] As far as I am concerned，happiness exists in giving instead of receiving.(主旨升华)
在我看来，幸福在于给予，而不是接受。
(1)exist in 存在于……中
There exists/existed... 某地有……
(2)in existence 存在
come into existence 产生；开始存在
[活学巧用] 词汇升级/补全句子
I’m extremely dying to know how dancing in Western countries began to appear.(天津卷)
→I’m extremely dying to know how dancing in Western countries came__into__existence.
There exists__a__strange__cave__on__the__hill，but no one knows when__it__came__into__existence.
山上有一个奇怪的洞穴，但没有人知道它是什么时候开始存在的。
1.This is why we’re here—to observe Tibetan antelopes.
这就是我们来此地的原因——观察藏羚羊。
This is why...中why引导的是表语从句，意为“这就是……的原因”。why引导的表语从句表示结果。
句型公式|This is why...
This/That is why...这/那就是……的原因
This/That is because... 这/那是因为……
The reason why...is that... ……的原因是……
[佳句背诵]
That is why I suggest you apply for Peking University，one of the best universities in China.(建议信，北京卷)
那就是为什么我建议你申请北京大学，中国最好的大学之一。
The reason why the number of the wildlife is decreasing is that their living places have been badly destroyed.(生态保护)
野生生物数量减少的原因是它们生存的地方受到了严重破坏。
[活学巧用] 补全句子/翻译句子
I suggest that you should ask the teacher for advice.This__is__because__the__teacher__is__more__experienced and will do what he can to help you.(建议信)
我建议你向老师寻求建议，这是因为老师更有经验，会尽他所能帮助你。
我们应当保护自然资源的原因是我们将从中获益。
The__reason__why__we__should__protect__natural__resources__is__that__we__will__benefit__from__it.
2.Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
只有学会和大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。
句型公式|“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首的倒装句
only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时，主句需要部分倒装。其结构为：only＋状语＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语＋其他。
[佳句背诵]
Only in this way can we keep the balance between study and pleasure.
只有这样，我们才能在学习和娱乐中保持平衡。
Only when you come to China will you experience Chinese food culture.(传统文化)
只有当你来到中国，你才能体验中国的饮食文化。
[名师点津] “only＋状语(从句)”放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装；only 放在句首修饰主语时，不用倒装。
[活学巧用] 句式升级/翻译句子
I do believe that we can have a better tomorrow only with our joint efforts.(短文投稿，2022·全国甲卷)
→I hold the firm belief that only with our joint efforts can__we__have__a__better__tomorrow.
只有保持健康的生活方式，我们才能实现工作和生活之间的平衡。
Only__when__we__keep/have__a__healthy__lifestyle__can__we__achieve__a__work－life__balance.Period Ⅴ Reading for Writing & Other Parts of the Unit
Ⅰ.写作单词——记其形
1.reduce some weight减轻一些体重
2.due to much smoking由于吸烟太多
3.in the larger neighbourhood在较大的街区
4.do harm to your skin对你的皮肤有害
Ⅱ.阅读单词——知其意
1.deer n.鹿
2.kangaroo n.袋鼠
3.insect n.昆虫
4.net n.＝Internet网 adj.净得的；纯的
5.dolphin n.海豚
6.stir vt.激发；搅动
Ⅲ.拓展单词——通其变
1.emotion n.感情；情感；情绪
emotional adj.情绪的；情绪激动的
2.unusual adj.特别的；不寻常的
usual adj.通常的；惯例的
Ⅳ.必备短语——英汉译
1.due__to由于；因为
2.carry__out 执行；贯彻；完成
3.cut__down 砍倒；减少
4.help__out 帮助摆脱困境
5.right now现在，此时此刻
6.leave behind留下；遗留
7.take care of照顾
8.be similar to与……相似
9.stir up激起
Ⅴ.常用句型——会仿写
1.句型公式：When it comes to...
[原句] When it comes to wildlife protection，all species—the good，the bad，and the ugly—should be treated equally.
当谈到野生动物保护时，所有的物种——好的、坏的和丑的——都应该被平等对待。
仿写：当谈到教育时，大部分人认为教育很重要。
When__it__comes__to__education，the majority of people believe that education is of great importance.
2.句型公式：so that引导目的状语从句
[原句] Is it right to make animals homeless so that humans can have more paper
为了让人类有更多的纸张，就让动物们无家可归，这样做对吗？
仿写：我想告知你一些详细的信息，以便你为此做好充分的准备。(全国Ⅱ卷)
I’d like to inform you of/about some detailed information so__that__you__can__make__full__preparations__for__it.
3.句型公式：强调句型
[原句] It is for this reason that the WWF constantly puts up information to stir up public interest in the welfare of the planet.
正因为这个原因，世界自然基金会不断发布信息，以激发公众对地球福利的兴趣。
仿写：正是他的勇敢、善良和智慧帮助社区的人们摆脱了洪水。(主旨升华)
It__was__his__bravery，kindness__and__wisdom__that helped people in the community get out of the flood.
1.reduce vt.减少；使变为；使陷入
·reduction n.减少
[佳句背诵] Hearing the bad news，he was reduced to tears and a look of sadness ran through his face.(情绪描写)
听到这个坏消息，他泪流满面，一脸悲伤。
reduce...by... 把……减少了……
reduce...to... 把……减少到……；
把……变为某种状态
be reduced to 陷入某种境地(to为介词)
[名师点津] reduce“减少”的近义词是decrease，反义词是increase，rise。这三个词与reduce用法一样，后可接to...表示增减的结果，接by...表示增减的幅度。
[活学巧用] 单句语法填空/补全句子
The price has been reduced from $10 to $8.In other words，the price has been reduced by $2.
As is known to all，using clean energy plays an important role in pollution reduction(reduce).
To__reduce__pollution，we human beings have no choice but to choose some clean resources.(环境保护)
为了减少污染，我们人类别无选择，只能选择一些清洁的资源。
2.due to由于；因为
·due adj.应付的；应给予；应归于；预定的；预期的；到期的
[佳句背诵] As we all know，the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to global warming.(环境保护)
众所周知，由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺问题正变得日益严重。
be due to do sth 预定/计划做某事
be due to sb 应支付/给予/归于某人
[名师点津] 表示“由于/因为”的短语还有：because of，owing to，thanks to，as a result of等。
[活学巧用] 语境辨义/补全句子
Have they been paid the money due to them adj.应付的
Please make sure you return the book before it’s due.adj.到期的
I have made progress in my spoken English due__to__my__English__teacher’s__generous__help and my success is__due__to her，so I can’t thank her enough.
由于我的英语老师的慷慨帮助，我在英语口语方面取得了进步，我的成功归功于她，所以我怎么感谢她都不为过。
I am writing to invite you to take part in a volleyball match which is__due__to__be__held__next__month.(邀请信)
我写信是想邀请你参加下个月举行的排球比赛。
3.Is it right to make animals homeless so that humans can have more paper
为了让人类有更多的纸张，就让动物们无家可归，这样做对吗？
句型公式|so that引导目的状语从句
(1)so that在句中引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”，此时可与in order that 互换，从句谓语动词常用情态动词may/might/can/could等；主从句连接紧凑，没有逗号相隔。
(2)so that还可以引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”，从句谓语动词根据需要使用相应的时态；主从句可用逗号相隔。
[佳句背诵]
If you are interested，please sign up at the office before 5：00 p.m. next Thursday so that we can make necessary arrangements.(告知信)
你若感兴趣，请在下周四下午5点前到办公室报名，以便我们做些必要的安排。
[活学巧用] 补全句子
We plan to launch such an unusual campaign so__that/in__order__that__we__can__raise__people’s__awareness__of__protecting__endangered__animals.(动物保护)
我们计划发起这样一个不寻常的运动，以便我们可以提高人们保护濒危动物的意识。
I spend more time learning English every day so__that__I__can__make__greater__progress__this__year.(英语学习)
为了今年取得更大的进步，我每天用了更多的时间学英语。
4.It is for this reason that the WWF constantly puts up information to stir up public interest in the welfare of the planet.
正是因为这个，世界自然基金会不断发布信息，以激发公众对地球福利的兴趣。
句型公式|强调句型
(1)强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分
(2)强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/Was it...that/who...
(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋was/is it＋that...
(4)not...until句式的强调句型：It is/was not until＋...＋that...
[佳句背诵]
It was in the park that I met the foreigner.
我是在公园里遇到了这个外国人。
It was what he said that made me angry.
是他说的话让我气愤。
Is it your brother that/who works in that company
是你哥哥在那家公司工作吗？
What was it that led the manager to arrange for Tom to meet the famous professor
到底是什么促使经理安排汤姆去见那个著名的教授？
It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.
直到接近信的结尾，她才提到自己的计划。
[名师点津] 判定强调句型的方法：如果把句中的It is/was和that/who去掉，不用或稍加调整语序，能还原成语意完整的子，则为强调句型。
[活学巧用] 同义句转换/补全句子
He read three books in the library yesterday.
→It__was__he__who/that__read__three__books in the library yesterday.(强调主语)
→It__was__three__books__that__he__read in the library yesterday.(强调宾语)
→It__was__in__the__library__that__he__read three books yesterday.(强调地点状语)
→It__was__yesterday__that__he__read three books in the library.(强调时间状语)
It was__her__mother’s__encouragement__that helped her build up the confidence and make a change.(主旨升华)
正是她母亲的鼓励帮助她建立了信心并做出了改变。The sun rises above the Arctic Ocean.Across the frozen sea, a white bear moves slowly.The bear stops and sways his head from side to side.There is nothing to see but endless ice and red sky.Then his powerful nose senses what his eyes cannot: a beluga whale is nearby.
The bear follows the smell and spots a large hole in the ice where a small white whale is swimming.He silently walks toward the hole, then stops, standing still.The whale does not see the bear, whose white fur makes him appear invisible against the ice.
Finally, the whale swims close to where the bear is waiting.With terrifying speed, the bear comes to life and moves toward the whale.In a moment it is over, and the bear eats his first meal in nearly a week.
Sadly, these lovely creatures are now struggling for survival.As sea ice melts due to global warming, polar bears are frequently forced to come ashore.They are poor hunters on land, which means they often go a long time between meals.The polar bear, king of the Arctic, is now classified as a threatened species.
词汇积累 1.sway his head from side to side 他左右摇了摇头(动作描写) 2.endless ice and red sky 无穷无尽的冰和红色的天空(环境描写) 3.invisible adj. 看不见的，无形的(派生词，in－为否定前缀) 4.terrifying adj. 可怕的；令人恐惧的 5.be classified as 被分类为……
佳句背诵 1.He silently walks toward the hole, then stops, standing still.(现在分词短语作伴随状语，动作链) 他默默地朝洞走去，然后停下来，静静地站着。 2.With terrifying speed, the bear comes to life and moves toward the whale.(介词短语作伴随状语，动作描写) 熊以可怕的速度苏醒过来，并向鲸鱼移动。
Period Ⅰ Listening and Speaking & Listening and Talking
单词重音
本单元主要帮助学生学习区分多音节单词的重读音节和非重读音节，这对听力理解和口头表达有着重要意义。音节重读错误会使对方产生理解上的障碍，造成交际困难。
1.音节：单词音标中有几个元音音素，这个单词就有几个音节。辅音不构成音节，成音节除外。
2.重音：单音节词单独读时都重读，而不必标重音符号；两个或两个以上的音节才标注重音符号。
3.次重音：在含有三个或三个以上音节的单词中，有的除了有重音还有次重音，次重音表示读该音节时要弱于重音节而强于其他音节。
4.重音和次重音的一般发音规律：
(1)双音节词如果是名词，多数重读第一个音节，如problem，paper，mother，father；如果是动词，常重读第二个音节，如agree，create，complain，enjoy。
(2)多音节词通常为倒数第三个音节重读，如company，impossible，elephant，wonderful。
(3)三个音节以上的词除了重音外，往往还带有一个次重音。次重音多落在第一个或第二个音节上。如responsibility。
[即时练]
朗读下列单词，并体会重读音节的发音。
1.present /'preznt/ n.礼物
thirteen / θ 'ti n/ num.十三
2.present /prI'zent/ vt.颁发；提出
thirty /'θ ti/ num.三十
3.object /' bd Ikt/ n.物体
fourteen / f 'ti n/ num.十四
4.object / b'd ekt/ vi.反对
forty /'f ti/ num.四十
5.record /'rek d/ n.记录
fifteen / fIf'ti n/ num.十五
6.record /rI'k d/ vt.记录
fifty /'fIfti/ num.五十
1.aware adj.知道；发觉；有……意识的
·awareness n.认识；意识
[佳句背诵] The more time I spent participating in this picking activity，the more I was aware of the importance of work.(活动介绍，全国Ⅱ卷)
我参加采摘活动的时间越长，我就越意识到劳动的重要性。
(1)be aware that... 知道，体会到……
be/become aware of 意识到；知道
(2)raise one’s awareness of
提高某人对……的认识；引起某人对……的注意
[活学巧用] 词汇升级/翻译句子
Children don’t realize the fact that it is hard for their parents to send them to school.
→Children are__not__aware__of the fact that it is hard for their parents to send them to school.
为了提高人们的环境保护意识，我们必须制定一些规章制度。(环境保护)
In__order__to__raise__people’s__awareness__of__protecting__the__environment，we__must__make__some__rules.
2.average n.平均数；平均水平 adj.平均的；正常的；普通的 vt.平均为
[佳句背诵] On average，people who don’t smoke are healthier than people who do.(健康生活)
平均而言，不吸烟的人比吸烟的人更健康。
on average 平均
above/below average 平均水平以上/以下
an average of 平均有……
be of average height 中等身高
[活学巧用] 单句语法填空/补全句子
His academic performance is well above average，but he is still modest and helpful.(人物介绍)
All students have two PE classes a week and we are required to run for 20 minutes every day on average.(学校生活)
The person I respect most is my Chinese teacher who__is__of__average__height and wears a pair of glasses.(人物介绍，全国Ⅰ卷)
我最尊敬的人是我的语文老师，他中等身材，戴着一副眼镜。
3.concern vt.涉及；让……担忧
n.担心；担忧；忧虑；关爱
·concerned adj.担心的；关切的；有关的；相关的
·concerning prep.关于
[佳句背诵] On behalf of our class，I’m writing to convey our heartfelt concern and also offer some suggestions to you.(建议信)
我代表我们班写信表达我们由衷的关心，也向您提出一些建议。
(1)show/express concern about/for/over
对……表示关心/担心
(2)be concerned about/for 为……担忧的
be concerned about/with
对……关注的；对……关切的
as far as...be concerned
就……而言；依……之见
[名师点津] concerned作形容词用作前置定语时，意为“关心的；担忧的；关切的”；作后置定语时，意为“有关的；相关的”。例如：a concerned look(关切的神色)；the authorities concerned(有关当局)。
[活学巧用] 单句语法填空/词汇升级
Concerned about the safety of the student, the teacher called his parents to find out why he was absent from class.
If you have any information concerning (concern)the recent incident at the station，please contact the local police.
In my opinion，it will be more efficient to put three to four students together.(建议信，2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
As__far__as__I’m__concerned，it will be more efficient to put three to four students together.
4.adapt vi.适应 vt.使适应；使适合；改编
·adaptable adj.适应性强的；能适应的
·adaptation n.适应(性)；改编本
[佳句背诵] I’m sorry to hear that you are having trouble adapting to your new school.(建议信)
听说你适应新学校有困难，我感到遗憾。
adapt (oneself) to (使……)适应
adapt...from... 根据……改编……
be adapted for... 为……而改写/改编
[名师点津]
(1)adapt (oneself) to中的to为介词，其后跟名词、代词、动词－ing形式作宾语。
(2)adopt与adapt形式相近，但adopt意为“采纳，采用；收养”。
[活学巧用] 单句语法填空/翻译句子
It is the third time that we have adapted a short play from our English textbook.(全国Ⅲ卷)
We’d appreciate it if you could spare some time to go through our adaptation(adapt).(全国Ⅲ卷)
我真的希望我的建议能帮助你尽快适应新的环境。(建议信)
I__do__hope__my__suggestions__can__help__you__adapt__to__the__new__environment__as__soon__as__possible.
5.measure n.措施；方法；尺度 vt.测量；度量；估量；(尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为
[佳句背诵] If these measures can change your bad eating habits，that is all to the good.
要是这些措施能改变你不良的饮食习惯，那就不失为好事。
take measures/steps/action to do sth
采取措施做某事
[名师点津] measure作名词表示“措施”时，常用其复数形式。作动词，表示“有……长/宽/高”时，不用于被动语态和进行时态；若表示此意义的短语作后置定语时，要用现在分词形式。
[活学巧用] 单句语法填空/一句多译
Some villagers reported a huge snake，measuring(measure) over two meters long，was found dead in a nearby cave.
该是我们采取措施阻止海洋污染的时候了。(短文投稿，2022·全国甲卷)
→It is (high) time that we took/should take__measures/steps/action to keep the__ocean__from__being__polluted.
→It is (high) time that measures/steps/action should be taken to keep__the__ocean__from__being__polluted.(被动语态)
6.search for搜索；查找
[佳句背诵] I almost felt crazy when I realized that my pen was missing.I searched for it carefully and even searched the road leading to my home.(动作＋心理描写)
当我意识到我的钢笔不见了，我几乎要发疯了。我仔细地搜寻它，甚至搜查了通往我家的路。
(1)search sb/someplace 搜查某人/某地
search...for...为了找到……而搜查……
(2)in search of＝in one’s search for 寻找
[活学巧用] 补全语段
All the soldiers were searching__for/in__their__search__for/in__search__of the lost visitors who had got lost for 3 days.They searched__the__hill for a week，and finally found them in a thick forest.A wave of excitement and relief washed across them.
所有的士兵都在寻找已经失联3天的游客。他们在山上找了一个星期，最后在一片茂密的森林里找到了他们。一阵兴奋和宽慰涌上他们的心头。
Ⅰ.翻译词块
1.die__out 灭亡；逐渐消失
2.protect__wildlife保护野生动植物
3.make__a__lot__of__progress取得很大进步
4.adapt__to__the__changes适应变化
5.care__for__them关爱它们
6.at an alarming rate 以惊人的速度
7.endangered wildlife 濒危野生动植物
8.search for wild birds 寻找野生鸟类
9.bird field guide 鸟类图鉴
10.look up the birds we see查阅我们看到的鸟
Ⅱ.补全对话
Cindy和Edward都是高中生，已经很长时间没有见面了，他们在街上相遇后，聊起了学校方面的一些情况。
C：Hi Edward！Haven’t seen you for a long time!
E：Cindy！I never imagined meeting you here！1.It’s__been__nearly__three__years (已经将近三年了) since we left St.Matthew’s Primary School，hasn’t it
C：Yeah.Time flies.How is your middle school life
E：It’s great！I’m in Stowe Middle School and 2.I’m__a__member__of (我是……中的一员) its zoo group.
C：Really The zoo group is quite popular.It is mainly about some social activities 3.to__protect__animals (保护动物).
E：Thanks.We need to 4.communicate__with__each__other (相互交流) and care more for animals.But I like it and it’s also great fun to go to zoo frequently and 5.help__look__after__the__animals (帮着照看动物).
C：Wow，that’s wonderful！I wish I could join you.Period Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures——现在进行时的被动语态
1.What is being done to help them
2.I know that they’re being hunted and their habitat is getting smaller.
3.What measures are being taken to help them
4.He is being treated at the local clinic.
5.Much is being done to protect wildlife，but if we really want to save the planet，we must change our way of life.
【自主发现】
以上句子中的加黑部分为现在进行时的被动语态，其构成形式为 be(am/is/are)＋being＋动词的过去分词。
现在进行时的被动语态表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的被动动作，强调主语是动作的承受者。
一、现在进行时的被动语态的变化形式
形式 结构
肯定式 主语＋be(am/is/are)＋being＋done
否定式 主语＋be(am/is/are)＋not＋being＋done
一般疑问式 Be(Am/Is/Are) (not)＋主语＋being＋done？
特殊疑问式 特殊疑问词＋be(am/is/are) (not)＋主语＋being＋done？
The plan is being discussed at the meeting now.
现在会议上正在讨论这个计划。
The engineer is not being treated fairly at present.
目前这位工程师没有受到公平的待遇。
Is the life habit of pandas being studied by the scientists
科学家们正在研究熊猫的生活习惯吗？
Which room are you being interviewed in now
现在你们在哪个房间里接受面试？
二、现在进行时的被动语态的用法
1.表示此时此刻正在进行的被动动作，常与now，at present，at this moment等词连用。
She is being examined by the doctor now.
她现在正在接受医生的检查。
2.表示现阶段或目前这段时间正在进行的被动动作，但此时此刻不一定正在发生。
Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days.(说话时并不一定正在进行)
这些天正在进行着许多有趣的实验。
3.表示反复进行的被动动作，与always，frequently，constantly等连用，表示赞扬、厌恶、愤怒等感情。
I feel very puzzled that the goods in our shop are always being stolen.(表示厌恶)
我感到很迷惑，我们商店的商品总是被偷。
I feel very surprised that the window of our classroom is frequently being broken.(表示愤怒)
我感到很吃惊的是，我们教室的那扇窗户总是被打破。
4.与某些情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的被动动作的推测。
Jim may be being interviewed by the reporters at the very moment.
吉姆此刻可能正在被记者们采访。
三、使用现在进行时的被动语态应注意的问题
1.不及物动词(短语)、非延续性动词、表示存在意义/所属关系/静态特征的动词以及系动词不用于现在进行时的被动语态。
这本书是他的。
[误]The book is being belonged to him.
[正]The book belongs to him.
2.一些表示状态、心理活动、拥有、存在等的动词，如have，want，need，like，realize等，一般不用于现在进行时的被动语态，而常用于一般现在时的被动语态，表示此时此刻或目前主语正在承受谓语动词表示的动作。
玛丽，过来，有你的电话。
[误]Mary，come here.You’re being wanted on the phone.
[正]Mary，come here.You’re wanted on the phone.
3.现在进行时的被动语态也可以表示将来。
现在进行时的被动语态有时可表示按计划或安排将要进行的一个被动动作(此种用法仅限于少数及物动词，如hold，take等)。
A party is being held tonight.
今晚将要举行一场晚会。
4.“be＋under/in/on等介词＋名词”结构可表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。
The problem is under discussion (is being discussed) at the meeting.
这个问题正在会上讨论。
The telephone is in use (is being used) now.
这部电话正在使用中。
Many new cars are on show(are being showed).
许多新车正在展出。
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.Many clothes are__being__washed (wash) in that laundry room now.
2.The question about where the factory is going to be built is__being__discussed(discuss) at the moment.
3.The little boy has made rapid progress recently and is always being__praised(praise) by his teachers.
Ⅱ.补全/改写句子
1.Who__is__being__trained for the coming English speech contest
为了即将举行的英语演讲比赛，谁正在接受训练？
2.Are__the__babies__being__taken__care__of by this nurse
这些婴儿正在由这个护士照看吗？
3.The water in the lake is being protected now.(改为否定句)
→The water in the lake is__not__being__protected now.
4.We are protecting some animals well enough now.(改为被动句)
→Some animals are__being__protected__well__enough now.单元知识回顾
Ⅰ.默写词块
一、教材词块默写
1.make__a__lot__of__progress 取得很大的进步
2.the__habitat__of__animals 动物的栖息地
3.stir__up__emotions 激起情绪
4.make__out 看清；听清；分清
5.watch__over__the__antelopes 照管羚羊
6.day__and__night 日日夜夜；夜以继日
7.design__a__poster设计一个海报
8.endangered__species 濒危物种
9.a__herd__of__graceful__animals一群体形优美的动物
10.a__shelter__for__the__animals__and__plants
动植物的一个庇护所
11.drop__by__more__than__50__percent下降了50%以上
12.make__profits获利
13.save__this__species__from__extinction
拯救这个物种免于灭绝
14.place__it__under__national__protection
将它置于国家保护之下
15.protect__these__beautiful__creatures
保护这些美丽的生物
16.in__this__way 用这种方法/方式
二、讲解词块默写
1.raise__one’s__awareness__of
提高某人对……的认识；引起某人对……的注意
2.above/below__average平均水平以上/以下
3.keep__a__close__watch__on 密切监视
4.recover__from/make__a__recovery__from
从……中康复/恢复过来
5.remove__one’s__doubt消除某人的疑虑
6.come__into__existence产生；开始存在
7.be__reduced__to陷入某种境地
8.be__due__to__do__sth预定/计划做某事
Ⅱ.补全句子
1.As__far__as__I’m__concerned，we must get fully prepared and practice hard in order to perform well in the match.(concern)
就我个人而言，为了在比赛中取得好成绩，我们必须充分准备，刻苦训练。
2.We must pay attention to these problems and take__effective__measures__to__solve__them.(measure)
我们必须关注这些问题，采取有效措施解决它们。
3.The university is known for its language and culture courses，which are__intended__for__exchange__students.(intend)
这所大学以其语言和文化课程而闻名，这些课程是为交换生开设的。
4.Only__in__this__way__can__we__create a stronger，healthier and more beautiful world.(倒装)
只有通过这种方式，我们才能创造一个更加强大、健康和美丽的世界。
5.I prepared it well so__that__I__can__get__the__job in that company.(so that)
我准备充分以便能得到那家公司的工作。
6.According to traditions，it__is__the__elderly__who/that are usually the first to taste the food served on the table.(强调句型)
根据传统，端上桌的食物通常是老人先品尝。
Ⅲ.语法填空——核心考点语境串记
Wildlife came into existence billions of years ago，1.which used to live in harmony with other animals，insects and plants.However，at present，what we are concerned about is that animals are dying out at an 2.alarming(alarm) rate，75 species every day on average.This is 3.because human beings don’t observe animal protection laws.Animals are being hunted，4.shot(shoot) and attacked illegally so that people can obtain 5.their(they) skin，fur or other organs.Furthermore，not only do human activities lead to the 6.reduction(reduce) of animal habitats but also they cause the rise of global temperature，which threatens the survival of some animals，especially those species living in the polar regions.They make a living by 7.hunting(hunt) or fishing.So the ocean creatures are in danger due to the rapid melting of ice and they have difficulty adapting 8.to the alarming changes.
We must be aware that the extinction of masses of animals does great harm to us.Only if the authorities take effective 9.measures(measure) immediately can we make progress in wildlife protection.Now，more natural reserves 10.are__being__built(build) to preserve endangered animals from extinction.
