高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册限制性定语从句用法超详细总结 导学案（无答案）

限制性定语从句总结
限制性定语从句的结构：
一个完整的句子放在名词或代词后，修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的词。（即：先行词+关系词+定语从句）
限制性定语从句的语序：
主语从句一律用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。
三、限制性定语从句的关系词
连接代词: that/who(ever)/whom(ever)/which(ever)/whose/as
连接副词: when(ever)/where(ever)//how(ever)/why
四、限制性定语从句的解题策略
关系代词that, which, who, whom,as的特殊用法：
1.先行词是物时，只能用that不用which的情况。
1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。
There is nothing ______ I can do for you .
2).当先行词被the only、the very 、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时，只能用that。
This is the very book ______ I’m looking for .
3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that 。
This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school .
4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。
This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen .
5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that 。
He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had .
2.先行词是物时，只能用which不用that的情况。
1).关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which 。
This is the building in ______ he lives .
2).先行词本身是that时，关系词只能用which 。
The clock is that _____ tells the time .
3).引导非限定性的定语从句（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开），关系词用which。
His book , ______ was lost last week , has been found now.
3.先行词是人时，只能用who的情况。
1).当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时，一般用who 。
Those ______ are singing are all my classmates .
2).在there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用who。指物时用that。
There is a girl ______ expects to see you .
3).当先行词是I、you、he、they等时，只能用who 。
He ______ plays with fire gets burned .
4.先行词是人，只用whom的情况。
在从句中做介词的宾语且介词提到关系词之前时，只能用whom,不能用who。
The person to whom I complained is the manager.
as引导的限定性定语从句只用一些固定结构中：the same...as, such...as, as...as...
This is the same book as I lost yesterday.这与我昨天丢的那本书一样。
Such a student as works hard will succeed sooner or later.这样用功的学生早晚会成功。
You can take as many as you need.你需要多少就拿多少。
关系副词where, when, why的用法：
1.where可用在表示抽象意义的地点名词后，如situation, stage, point, case, position, condition, activity, scene, occasion等,意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。
You have reached a point______ medicine can’t help.
We are in a position ________ we may lose a lot of money.
I have reached the stage _____ I just don’t care any more.
2.when用于先行词是表示时间的名词, time, hour, day, year, moment, occasion 时刻，age年代，period阶段, stage时期，interval 间隙等词 。
I will never forget the days ______ I met him .
= I will never forget the days ____ ____ I met him.
注：先行词是the last time 时，when 可省略。
When was the last time you saw the parrot
3.先行词为reason 时，一般用why =for which。 why在句中作原因状语。
We don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come .
=We don’t know the reason ___ ___ they didn’t come .
七、“介词+关系代词” 结构也可以引导定语从句。有以下几种结构：
1. 介词+whom/which
The woman general still can remenber the day on which she joined the army.
2. 介词短语+whom/which
The man has a house, in front of which is the sea.
3. 不定代词或/数词 +whom/which
China has a lot of famous writers, one of whom is Luxun.
4. 名词 + of which
She mentioned a magazine, the title of which I have written on my notebook.
注意：在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中, 关系代词只能用which或whom，（先行词指物时, 用which; 先行词指人时, 用whom）
介词+which/whom, 介词如何选择？
“一先”，即根据先行词的习惯搭配或意义来确定介词。
“二动”，即根据定语从句中的谓语动词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
“三意义”，即根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。