人教版(2019)必修第二册 各单元重点单词短语句式汇总清单

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名称 人教版(2019)必修第二册 各单元重点单词短语句式汇总清单
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人教版必修第二册全册单词短语句型汇总
Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 1
Unit 2 Wildlife Protection 6
Unit 3 The Internet 12
Unit 4 History And Traditions 19
Unit 5 Music 24
Unit 1 Cultural Heritage
Ⅰ.重点单词
1.former adj.以前的;(两者中)前者的
2.preserve vt.保存;保护;维持 n.保护区
preservable adj.可保存的
preservation n.保存
preserver n.保护者;保存者
3.promote vt.促进;提升;推销;晋级
promote sb.(from sth.) to sth. 把某人(从某职位)提升到某职位
promote sth. to ...把某物推销给……
promoter n.赞助人;发起者
promotion n.提升;推广;晋级;促进
4.app n.应用程序;应用软件(application的缩略形式)
application n.申请(表);用途;运用;应用(程序)
make an application (to sb. for sth.) (向某人)申请(某物)
apply vi. 申请;请求 vt. 应用;运用
5.balance n.平衡;均匀 vt.使平衡
keep/lose one's balance 保持/失去平衡
out of balance 失去平衡
be off balance 失去平衡
keep the balance of nature 保持生态平衡
on balance 总的说来
6.likely adj.可能的 adv.可能地
sb./sth. is likely to do sth.……可能做某事
It is likely that...可能……
7.limit n.限度;限制 vt.限制;限定
limited adj.有限的,限制的
limitation n.限制;控制;局限
limit...to...把……限定在……范围之内
within the limits of 限定在……范围之内
set a limit to...对……规定限度
within limits 在某种程度上;有一点限制
8.prevent vt.阻止;阻碍;阻挠
prevent sb./sth. from doing sth.制止(防止)某人(或某物)做某事(在现代英语中from常常可以省略,但在被动句中,from不能省略)
stop sb./sth. from doing sth.(其中的from在主动句中可以省略)
keep sb./sth. from doing sth.(其中的from不可省略)
9.loss n.丧失;损失
at a loss 不知所措;困惑
blood loss 失血
weight loss 体重减少
job loss 失业
10.contribution n.捐款;贡献;捐赠
make contributions to对……做出贡献,相当于make a contribution to
contribute v.捐助;捐献;贡献出;投稿
contribute to有助于;促使;导致
11.within prep.&adv. 在(某段时间、距离或范围)之内
within reach (=close enough to touch) 伸手可及
within easy reach of (=close to) 离……很近
within sight of sth. 能看到某物的近距离
12.conduct n.行为;举止;管理方法 vt.组织;安排;带领
conductor n.售票员;(合唱队等的)指挥者
conduct oneself well/badly(行为)表现好/差
13.donate vt.(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠;赠送;献(血)
donate...to...把……赠予……
donate blood to a blood bank向血库献血
donation n.捐赠;捐赠物,捐款
give/make/present a donation to捐赠……
send a donation to...把捐款寄往……
donator捐赠者
14.attempt n.& vt.企图;试图;尝试
attempt to do sth.尝试/试图做某事
at the/one's first attempt第一次尝试
make/in an attempt to do sth.尝试/试图做某事
make/in an attempt at(doing) sth.尝试/试图做某事
15.worthwhile adj.值得做的;值得花时间的
“值得做某事”的句型差别:
It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.
sth. is
16.entrance n.入口;进入
entrance to sth.进入……的入口(门口)
17.process n.过程;进程;步骤 vt.处理;加工
18.forgive vt.&vi.原谅;宽恕 vt.对不起;请原谅
forgive sb.(for) sth.原谅某人某事
forgive doing sth.原谅做某事
19.throughout prep.各处;遍及;自始至终
20.quality n.质量;品质;素质;特征 adj.优质的;高质量的
of
21.tradition n.传统;传统的信仰或风俗
by tradition (=according to tradition) 根据传统(习俗)
follow a tradition 遵循传统
break with tradition 打破传统
carry on the tradition 继承传统
It is the tradition (for sb.) to do sth. 按照传统(某人)应该做某事
22.opinion n.意见;想法;看法
ask the opinion of sb. 征求某人的意见
have a high/low/good/bad opinion of...对……评价高/低/好/差
in one's opinion (=in the opinion of sb.) 就某人看来
23.comparison n.比较;相比
in comparison with与……相比
compare vt.比较;匹敌;比喻;相比 n.比较
compare...with/to...把……和……相比较
compare...to...把……比作……
compared to/with...和……相比(通常作状语)
compare notes with sb.与某人交换意见或看法
beyond/without compare无与伦比,举世无双
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.take part in参与(某事);参加(某活动)
2.give way to让步;屈服
give away暴露(自己的情况);泄露(秘密);赠送;捐赠;颁发
give back归还;使恢复
give in (to)屈服;让步;上交
give off发出(光、热、气味等);散发
give out分发;用完;耗尽;发出
give up放弃;认输
3.lead to导致
lead sb. to/into sp.把某人带到……;领到某地
lead sb.to引导某人……
lead a/an...life过……的生活
lead sb. to do sth.引导某人做某事
lead the way引路,带路
result in导致
result from由……导致
4.turn to向……求助
turn against反对     turn away回绝
turn up调大;出现 turn off关掉
turn back往回走 turn down关小;调低;拒绝
turn in上交 turn on接通;打开
5.day and night日日夜夜地;整日整夜
all day(long)一整天
day after day(强调重复)日复一日地;天天
day by day(强调变化)一天天地;逐日地
one day(过去或将来的)某一天
some day(将来)总有一天
the other day前几天
6.all over the world在世界各地
after all毕竟,终究,归根结底
above all 首先;最重要的是;特别是;尤其
first of all “首先,第一”,强调顺序
at all 根本,全然
in all 总共,共计
all in all 总之
7.work on研究;致力于;从事于
work out解决;制订;耗尽;带来好结果
work at致力于
out of work失业
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.By studying old photos of the former palace,they have made the new one look exactly like the old one.
通过研究旧宫殿的照片,他们使新宫殿看起来几乎和旧的一样。
they have made the new one look exactly like the old one属于“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。在本句中,the new one是宾语,look exactly like the old one是宾语补足语。
2.There comes a time when the old must give way to the new,and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.
新旧更替的时代已经到来,在走向未来的过程中,我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。
There comes a time when...这个句子中包含了由when引导的限制性定语从句,修饰先行词a time。it is not possible to...这个句子中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语;as是连词引导时间状语从句。
3.In the 1950s,the Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam across the Nile in order to control floods,produce electricity,and supply water to more farmers in the area.
20世纪50年代,埃及政府想要在尼罗河上建造一座新的大坝,以控制洪水、发电,并为该地区更多的农民供水。句中in order to意为“为了……”。
4.When the project ended in 1980,it was considered a great success.
当这个项目在1980年结束时,它被认为是一个巨大的成功。
这是一个主从复合句,When the project ended in 1980是when引导的时间状语从句,主句是it was considered a great success。句中consider的意思是“认为”,consider表示“认为”时的用法:
5.Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past,but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.
这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路,而且明白了许多国家合作创造更加美好未来的可能性。
这是一个由not only...but also...所连接的复合句。其中that did not run over the relics of the past是that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词a path to the future,that是关系代词并在定语从句中作主语;that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow是that引导的宾语从句,作动词learnt的宾语。
6.Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO,which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing.
也许联合国教科文组织就是最好的例子,该组织开展了一项防止世界各地世界文化遗产消失的项目。
这是一个主从复合句。主句是Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO;后面是which引导的非限制性定
语从句,先行词是UNESCO,which在定语从句中作主语,其中又包含了一个that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词a programme。
7.It is said that it's a mirror that can tell right from wrong!
据说这是一面明镜,可以分辨是非!
这是一个主从复合句。it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句;在that引导的从句中又使用了强调句结构。
8.Today,the caves are just as international as they were at the time when people travelled the Silk Road.
如今,这些洞穴和以前人们在丝绸之路旅行时一样国际化。
这是一个主从复合句。第二个as引导比较状语从句;后面的when引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词the time。
9.Appreciating the cultural heritage of other countries is very important for international communication and understanding.
欣赏其他国家的文化遗产对于国际交流和理解非常重要。
这是一个简单句。主语是Appreciating the cultural heritage of other countries。此处是动名词短语作主语。
Unit 2 Wildlife Protection
Ⅰ.重点单词
1.hunt vt.&vi.打猎;搜寻;追捕
hunt for 搜寻;搜捕
hunt down 追捕;捉住
hunter n.猎人
2.alarm vt.使惊恐;使害怕;使担心 n.恐慌;警报;警报器
be alarmed by/at sth. 因……而惊恐/害怕
alarm sb. to do... 惊得某人做……
in alarm 惊恐地(常作方式状语)
raise/sound the alarm 发出警报
3.rate n.速度;(比)率 vt.划分等级
rating n.等级;级别
at a rate of...以……的速度
at any rate无论如何;不管怎样
at this rate照这样发展下去
4.aware adj.知道;发觉;有……意识的
be/become aware of对……知道、明白;意识到
be aware that/wh clause察觉到;意识到
as far as I'm aware据我所知
make sb. aware that...提醒某人注意……
make sb. aware of...使某人注意到……
awareness n.意识,明白
develop an awareness of逐渐懂得
lack of awareness缺乏认识
5.average n.平均数;平均水平 adj.平均的;正常的;普通的
an average of平均有(后跟数词)
with the/an average of平均为
on (the/an) average平均地;在一般情况下
above/below (the) average高于/低于平均数/水平
up to the average达到平均水平
6.concern vt.涉及;让……担忧
concern oneself with/about 关心;担心
be concerned about/for 关心;担心
be concerned with 与……有关
as far as I'm concerned 就我而言
show concern for sb. 关心某人
concern n.关心;担心;与……相关
show/express one's concern about/for对……表示关心/担心
concerning prep.关于;就……而言
7.adapt vi.适应 vt.使适应;使适合
adapt for使适合于;为……改编/改写
adapt from根据……改写/改编
adapt oneself to使适应或习惯于……
adapt sth. to使某事物适应或适合……
adaptable adj.能适应的;可修改的
adaptation n.改编;改造;改写
adapt to适应
8.measure n.措施;方法 vt.测量;度量;估量
be measured by/in用……来衡量
make ...to one's measure按某人的尺寸做……
take measures (to do sth.)采取措施(做某事)
9.reserve n.(动植物)保护区;储藏(量) vt.预订;预留;保留
reserve sth. for sb.为某人预订某物
reserve one's opinion/judgement保留自己的意见
10.observe vt.观察(到);注视;遵守
observe sb.观察到某人
observation n.[C,U]观察;观测
observance n.[U](对法律、习俗的)遵守
observer n.[C]观察者;观测者
11.remind vt.提醒;使想起
remind sb. of...使某人想起……
remind sb. to do...提醒某人做……
remind sb. that/wh 从句 提醒某人……
12.shoot vt.&vi.射杀;射伤;发射
shot n.射击;枪炮声
13.attack n.,vi.&vt.攻击;抨击
attack sb. with sth. 用某物攻击/袭击某人
attack sb. for (doing) sth. 因某事打击/责难某人
under attack 遭受攻击
be attacked with a disease患病
make an attack on/upon...对……发动进攻
heart attack n.心脏病发作
14.recover vi.恢复;康复 vt.找回;寻回
recover from从……中恢复过来
recover oneself 静下心来
recover one's eyesight恢复视力
recover consciousness/strength 恢复意识/体力
recover sth. (from...) (从……)找回某物
recovery n. 恢复;痊愈;回升;取回
recoverable adj. 可恢复的,可痊愈的;可取回的
15.remove vt.去除;移开;脱去
remove sth. from sth.从……搬走/除去某物
remove from...to...从……搬到……
remove sb.from school开除某人,勒令某人退学
removal n.移植;解除;搬迁;免职
16.intend vi.&vt.打算;计划;想要
intend+n.打算……,想要……
intend to do/doing sth.打算/计划做某事
intend+that从句 打算/计划
intend sb. to do sth.打算让某人做某事
intend sb. for...要使某人成为……
intended adj.有意的;有计划的
intended target/destination预期的目标/目的地
be intended for为……而设计/打算的
It is intended that...按计划……
intention n.打算
have no intention of doing sth.没打算做……
with the intention of doing sth.打算做……
17.exist vi.存在;生存
exist in存在于……之中
exist on=live on靠……生存;靠……生活
There exist(s) ...有/存在……
existence n.存在;生存;生活
in existence现存的;存在的
come into existence/being产生;存在
existing adj.现存的;存在的
18.reduce vt.减少
reduce sth. to...(数量等)减少到……
reduce sth. by...(数量等)减少了……
be reduced to (doing)沦落为……;陷入某种状态
rise/increase
reduction n.[C,U]减少;缩小
19.unusual adj.特别的;不寻常的
unusually adv.特别地;不寻常的
usual adj.通常的;寻常的;惯常的
as usual像平常一样
usually adv.通常地;正常地;经常地
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.on earth(放在疑问词之后表示强调)究竟;到底
on earth (用于包含形容词最高级的名词短语后表示强调)世界上;人世间
on the earth在地球上
2.die out灭亡;逐渐消失
die away(声音、风、光等)慢慢变弱;渐渐消失
die down 逐渐变弱;逐渐平息
die off 相继死去;先后死去
3.make progress取得进步
make progress in 在……方面取得进步(进展)
4.in danger (of)在危险中;垂危
out of danger 脱离危险
in trouble 处于麻烦之中
5.in front (of)在……前面;在……面前
in the front (of)在……内的前面
6.make out看清;听清;分清
make for朝……行进;对……有好处;有利于
make up组成;编造;化妆;占据
make up one's mind下决心,决定
make up for弥补;补偿
be made up of由……组成
make sense有意义,讲得通
make up编造(说法、解释等),虚构;组成;弥补;补偿;化妆;和好;整理
7.watch over保护;照管;监督
watch out (=look out)当心;提防
watch for sb./sth.观察等待
keep a watch on监视
under the close watch在严密的监视下
8.right now立刻;马上
表示“立刻,马上”的词(组):
at once         right away
straight away without delay
in no time in a minute
immediately instantly
9.due to由于;因为
due to“因为;归功于”,在句中作表语或状语
owing to“因为;归功于”,是较正式的说法,常作状语
because of“因为”,是较口语化的说法,在句中作状语
thanks to“多亏,幸亏”,多表示正面意义,有时也表示讽刺意义,作状语
10.search for搜索;查找
in search of=in one's search for寻找;搜寻
search...for...在……里面/身上搜寻
search for=look for=hunt for寻找
search out找出某人或某物
search through把……仔细搜寻一遍
make a search for...搜查,搜寻
11.care for喜欢;想要;照料;重视
take care 小心;注意
take care to do/not to do/that... 注意做/不做/……
take care of 照料;注意;负责处理
take...into care 代为照顾(小孩等)
12.put out把……摆好,预备好;熄灭,扑灭;出版;公布
put aside把……放在一边,储存钱备用
put away把……收起;放好
put back把……放回原处;使……恢复原状
put down写下;记下;放下
put forward把……提前;提出
put off推迟;延期
put on穿上;戴上
put up张贴;举起;抬高;住宿
put up with容忍;忍受
13.pay attention to注意
catch/attract sb.'s attention 引起某人的注意
draw/call attention to sth. 使某人关注某事
turn one's attention to 将注意力转向……
14.carry out履行;实施;执行;落实
carry on继续做;坚持干
carry through帮……渡过难关
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.To our left,snow covered mountains disappear into clouds that seem almost close enough to touch.
在我们的左边,白雪覆盖的群山消失在似乎近在咫尺、触手可及的云层中。
这是一个主从复合句。主句是snow covered mountains disappear into clouds,that seem almost close enough to touch是that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词clouds,that在定语从句中作主语。
2.This is why we're here—to observe Tibetan antelopes.
这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。
句中包含了why引导的表语从句。
3.Watching them move slowly across the green grass,I'm struck by their beauty.
看着它们慢慢地穿过绿色的草地,我被它们的美丽所打动。
本句中Watching them move slowly across the green grass是现在分词短语作时间状语,相当于When I am watching them...。
4.“We're not trying to save the animals,”he says.“Actually,we're trying to save ourselves.”
“我们不是在试图拯救动物,”他说。“事实上,我们是在拯救自己。”
句中try to do sth.意为“设法做某事”。
5.Their habitats were becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built.
随着新的公路和铁路的修建,它们的栖息地变得越来越小。
这是一个主从复合句。主句是Their habitats were becoming smaller,as new roads and railways were built是as引导的时间状语从句。
6.Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks.
扎西和其他志愿者日夜守护着这些羚羊,以确保它们不被猎食。
本句是简单句。to keep them safe from attacks是不定式短语作目的状语。
7.The government,however,does not intend to stop the protection programmes,since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.
然而,政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目,因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。
这是一个主从复合句。主句是The government,however,does not intend to stop the protection programmes,后面是since引导的原因状语从句。
8.Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
只有学会和大自然和谐共处,我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。
本句是倒装句。正常语序是:We can stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature.
9.When it comes to wildlife protection,all species—the good,the bad,and the ugly—should be treated equally.
当涉及野生动物保护时,所有的物种——好的、坏的、丑陋的——都应该被平等对待。
本句是主从复合句。When it comes to wildlife protection是when引导的时间状语从句,后面是主句。
10.Every tree that is cut down is a part of the habitat of animals such as these koalas.
每一棵被砍伐的树都是考拉等动物的栖息地的一部分。
本句是主从复合句。that is cut down是that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词Every tree,that是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。
11.Is it right to make animals homeless so that humans can have more paper
让动物无家可归,以此让人类有更多的纸,这样做对吗?
本句是主从复合句。主句是Is it right to make animals homeless,其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是to make animals homeless;后面是so that引导的目的状语从句。
Unit 3 The Internet
Ⅰ.重点单词
1.chat vi.聊天;闲聊
chat about sth. 闲聊某事
chat with sb. 与某人聊天
chat with sb. about sth. 与某人聊某事
2.identity n.身份;个性
identical adj.相同的,一样的
identify vt.确定;辨别
identification n.身份证明
3.convenient adj.方便的;近便的
be convenient to sb.对某人方便
if it is convenient to sb.如果某人方便的话
be convenient for sth.近便的,容易到达的
It is convenient to do sth. 做某事方便
It is convenient for sb. to do sth.做某事对某人来说是方便的
convenience n. 方便;便利;厕所
for convenience 为了方便
at one's convenience 在某人方便时
at your earliest convenience 尽早
to one's convenience 对某人方便(合适)
It's a great convenience to do...做某事很方便
convenience food 方便食品
4.benefit n.益处 vt.使受益 vi.得益于
be of benefit (to sb.) (对某人)有益
for sb.'s benefit 为帮助某人;为某人的利益
A benefit(s) B A对B有益
A benefit(s) from/by B A从B中获益
beneficial adj. 有益的;有帮助的
be beneficial to... 对……有益
5.distance n.距离
in the distance在远处;在远方
at/from a distance稍远处;隔一段距离
at a distance of在距……的地方
keep one's distance from...=keep...at a distance
与……保持距离/疏远
distant adj.遥远的;冷淡的
6.inspire vt.鼓舞;激励;启发思考
inspire sb. with sth.(=inspire sth. in sb.)激起某人的……
inspire sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事
inspiration n.[U]灵感;鼓舞
inspired adj.品质优秀的;能力卓越的
inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的;启发灵感的
7.access n.通道;(使用、查阅、接近或面见的)机会 vt.进入;使用;获取
have/get/gain access to 拥有……的机会;可以接近;进入
give (sb.) access to 接见;准许(某人)使用
accessible adj. 可接近的;可进入的;可使用的(通常作表语)
be accessible to 可接近……,能进入……
8.tough adj.艰难的;严厉的
tough on/with sb. sth.对某人(事)严厉
have a tough time (of it)日子很难过
9.function n.功能;作用;机能 vi.起作用;正常工作;运转
function as起……作用;用作……
10.confirm vt.确认;使确信
confirm sb./sth. in sth. 使感觉更强烈;使确信
confirm sb. as sth. 批准某人任某职
It has been confirmed that...已经确定……
confirmation n. [C,U]证实;证明书;确认书
confirmed adj. 成习惯的;根深蒂固的
11.press vt.按,压,敦促
press sb. to do/into (doing) sth.催促某人做某事
press for sth.不断要求
press sth. on sb.勉强某人接受
pressure n.压力
press n.按;压(常用单数);新闻界;报刊(与the连用)
12.file n.文件;文件夹;档案
keep a file on...保存关于……的档案
on file 存档,在档
file v.把……归档;提交
file...with...把……提交给……
file sth. away 把……按……归档
13.discount n.折扣 vt.打折
offer/give sb. a discount 向某人提供折扣
at a discount 以折扣价;打折
at a discount of 按……的折扣
14.account n.账户;描述
on account of因为,由于
on no account决不(位于句首,句子要用倒装)
give an account of报告;叙述;说明
take sth.into account=take account of sth.对某事加以考虑
account v.说明,解释;(数量/比例上)占
account for解释,说明;(比例上)占
15.rude adj.粗鲁的;无礼的
be rude to sb. 对某人无礼
It's rude to do sth. 做某事是不礼貌的
rudeness n. [U]粗蛮;无礼
16.particular adj.特定的;特别的;讲究的
be particular about对……挑剔; 对……讲究
in particular尤其;特别
particularly adv.特别; 尤其
17.embarrassing adj.让人难堪(尴尬;害羞)的
18.upset adj.心烦的;苦恼的;沮丧的 vt.使烦恼;使生气;搅乱
be upset about/over sth. 为某事烦心
be upset with sb. 生某人的气
It upsets sb. that... 让某人不高兴的是……
It upsets sb. to do sth. 做某事使某人不安/心烦
19.familiar adj.熟悉;熟知
be familiar with 对……熟悉。其主语通常是指“人”的名词;with后的宾语是主语所通晓的事物。
be familiar to 为……所熟悉。其主语通常是人们所通晓的人或事物,to后的宾语常是指“人”的名词。
sb.be familiar with sb.某人与某人亲密无间
20.case n.盒;箱;情况;案件
in case(以防)万一(后可接从句,也可置于句末)
in case of要是……;在……时候(后接名词或代词)
in this case如果这样的话
in that case如果那样的话
in any case无论如何
in no case决不(位于句首,句子应使用倒装语序)
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.more than不仅仅;超过;非常
more... than...与其说……倒不如说……;比……更……
2.look up(在书中)查找;(形势)好转;探访(某人)
look after照料;照顾
look ahead展望未来
look around环顾;四下看
look at看;检查
look back on回忆
look down upon瞧不起
look into调查;审查
3.no longer不再
4.out of work失业
out of employment 失业
lose one's job 失业
5.keep pany陪伴某人
for company陪着;陪伴
in company with sb.与某人一起
6.pay for买……;为……交款;为……付出代价
pay off 得到好结果;取得成功;全部偿还;还清
pay money for sth.付钱买……
pay back 还钱,偿还;报复
7.apply for申请;请示得到
apply v.应用;运用;申请;请求
apply to sb./sth.适用于某人或某物
apply sth. to sth.把某物应用于某物
apply to sb. for 向某人申请
apply oneself to (doing) sth.专注于;专心做某事
8.take care of照料;抚养
care about关心;顾虑,在乎
care for喜欢;愿意;关心,爱护;照顾
take care 当心;小心
with care 小心地
9.together with和……一起;连同
10.go through经历;度过;通读
break through冲破
get through完成,通过
live through活过……
look through浏览
cut through穿过
put through接通电话
go after追求;追逐
go by过去;流逝
go on (with)发生;继续下去
go against不利于;违背;反对
go up上升;上涨
go over复习;重温;仔细检查
go out熄灭;过时;出去
11.in shape状况良好
be in good/bad shape情况良好/不佳
out of shape变形/走样;身体不舒服
in the shape of某种形状的;呈……的形状
shape...into...把……加工/塑造成……
12.keep track of掌握……的最新消息;了解……的动态
lose track of跟不上……的进展;不再掌握……的最新情况
on the right track在正确的轨道上;做得对;步入正轨
make tracks 抓紧动身,匆匆赶路
13.add...to...把……加到……上
add up意为“合计;把……加起来”。
add to意为“添加;增添”,其宾语多为困难、欢乐等抽象名词。
add...to...意为“把……加到……上”。
add up to意为“合计达到”,后面多为合计起来的数目,不用于被动语态。
14.first of all首先,第一
above all首先,最重要的是
first首先
at first起初
15.give out分发;发出(气味、热等)
16.make fun of取笑;戏弄
for fun为了娱乐,闹着玩地
have fun=enjoy oneself玩得开心
in fun开玩笑地,不是认真地
get fun out of doing sth.通过做某事获得乐趣
be full of fun很顽皮;很爱开玩笑
It's fun to do sth.做某事很有趣
There's (no) fun in/doing sth.做某事(没)有趣
17.keep(...)in mind 牢记
bring...to mind使……想起
come to mind想到
make up one's mind下决心
set one's mind on下决心要
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.There are countless articles telling us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient.
有无数的文章告诉我们互联网如何使我们的生活更方便。
这是一个主从复合句。主句是There are countless articles;telling us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient是现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰名词articles,其中又包含了how引导的宾语从句。
2.We can download software,documents,and images whenever we need them.
我们可以下载软件、文档和图像,无论何时我们需要它们。
这是一个主从复合句。主句是We can download software,documents,and images;后面是whenever引导的时间状语从句。
3.At age 50,she found herself out of work and stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company.
50岁时,她发觉自己失业了,困在家里,只有电脑相伴。
这是一个简单句。此句结构为“find+宾语+宾补”,out of work和stuck at home是句子的宾语补足语,说明宾语herself的处境。with only her computer to keep her company是“with+名词+to do”结构,在句中作stuck的伴随状语。
4.She also joined an online group where she could talk about her problems and get support and advice from others.
她还加入了一个在线小组,在那里她可以谈论自己的问题,并从他人那里得到支持和建议。
这是一个主从复合句。主句是She also joined an online group,后面是where引导的定语从句,修饰先行词group。
5.She was so inspired by the people she met online that she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet.
她受到网友的启发,决定成立一个IT俱乐部来教年长一些的人学习如何使用电脑和互联网。
这是一个主从复合句。该句使用了so...that...句型结构,其中的she met online是一个省略了关系代词的定语从句,修饰前面的名词the people。
6.Now that he works and can take care of himself,his daughter has time to study at university.
由于他工作并能照顾自己,他女儿有时间在大学学习了。
这是一个主从复合句。Now that he works and can take care of himself是原因状语从句,his daughter has time to study at university是主句。
7.She believes that it is highly important to bridge the digital divide and make sure that everyone has access to the Internet and knows how to use new technology.
她认为,消除数字鸿沟、确保每人都能使用互联网并且知晓如何运用新技术,是非常重要的。
这是一个主从复合句。句中从第一个that到句尾是that引导的宾语从句,作动词believes的宾语;make sure与前面的bridge并列,此处bridge是动词,意思是“架起桥梁、消除(隔阂)”;that everyone has access to the Internet and knows how to use new technology是that引导的宾语从句,作make sure的宾语,knows与前面的has并列。
8.This app keeps you updated on all your favourite topics.
这个应用程序让你更新所有你最喜欢的话题。
这是一个简单句。句中keep you updated是keep的复合宾语结构。
9.However,the more polite you are,the less likely it is you will be attacked.
然而,你越有礼貌,你就越不可能受到攻击。
句中含有“the+比较级(+主语+谓语),the+比较级(+主语+谓语)”结构,该结构意为“(……)越……,(……)越……”,表示后者随着前者的变化而变化。
Unit 4 History And Traditions
Ⅰ.重点单词
1.chief adj.最重要的;最高级别的 n.(公司或机构的)首领;酋长
chiefly adv.主要地;首要地
2.puzzle n.谜;智力游戏;疑问 vt.迷惑;使困惑
puzzle over sth. 对某事(物)苦苦思索,仔细琢磨
puzzle out 仔细考虑解决(难题等)
puzzled adj. 感到困惑的
puzzling adj. 令人困惑的
be puzzled by 被……迷惑
3.nearby adj.附近的;邻近的 adv.在附近
4.defence n.防御;保卫
in defence (of)保卫;保护
defend vt.保护;保卫
defend against抵御
defend...from/against...保护……免遭……
defend sb. by...通过……为某人辩护
defend oneself自卫;为自己辩解
5.surround vt.围绕;包围
be surrounded by sb./sth.被某人/事包围
surrounding adj.周围的
surroundings n.(pl.)环境
in a surrounding area 在周围地区
be situated/located in very pleasant surroundings位于优美的环境中
6.evidence n.证据;证明
(be) in evidence 明显的;显而易见
evidence+
evident adj.明显的
be evident to sb.that...某人清楚……
It is evident that...显然……
7.battle n.战役;搏斗vi.&vt.搏斗;奋斗
battle against/with...与……斗争
battle for为……而斗争
battle to do sth.奋力去做某事
fight a battle打仗;作战
win a battle打赢一场战争
lose a battle输掉一场战争
be half the battle成功了一半
8.charge n.收费;指控;主管 vt.收费;控告;充电
charge sb. with sth. 指控某人有……罪
charge sb. some money for 因……向某人要价
in charge of 负责;主管;照料
take charge of 管理;负责
in the charge of 由……管理/负责
free of charge=for free免费
9.announce vt.宣布;通知;声称
announce sth.to sb.向某人宣布……
announcement n.声明;宣告
announcer n.广播员,告知者
10.amount n.金额;数量
the amount of+不可数名词……的数量
a large/good/great amount of+不可数名词
大量的……(作主语时谓语用单数)
large/good/great amounts of+不可数名词
大量的……(作主语时谓语用复数)
amount v.总计,共计;相当于,等于
amount to sth. 共计……;相当于……
11.approach n.方法;途径;接近 vt.接近;接洽;着手处理 vi.靠近
an approach to(doing) sth.(做)某事的方法/途径
the approach of sth.在……快到的时候
12.generous adj.慷慨的;大方的;丰富的
be generous
generously adv.慷慨地;大方地
13.eager adj.热切的;渴望的
be eager for...渴望……
be eager to do sth.渴望做某事
be eager for sb. to do sth.渴望某人做某事
be eager that...热切希望……
eagerly adv.热切地
eagerness n.渴望
“渴望……”相关表达聚焦:
be dying to do sth./for sth.
be anxious to do sth./for sth.
be keen on sth.
be eager to do sth./for sth.
be thirsty for sth.
long to do sth./for sth.
14.greet vt.问候;迎接
greet sb. with sth.以……迎接某人
greet sb./sth. with/as sth.(以某种方式)对……做出反应
greeting n.[C,U]问候;[pl.]祝贺;贺词
15.custom n.风俗;习俗;习惯
follow/keep up a custom 沿袭/保留风俗
the custom of doing sth. 做某事的习惯
It is the custom (for sb.) to do sth. 做……(对某人来说)是一种风俗
customers n.顾客;客户
16.crowd n.人群;一群人;民众 vt.挤满;使……拥挤
a crowd of=(crowds of)一群(成群)……
the crowd群众;百姓
crowd around聚集在……周围;聚拢
crowd into sth.涌上心头
crowd sb./sth. out把某人/物排挤在外
be crowded with充满;挤满
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.lead to导致;造成
导致/造成某人做某事
2.be similar to与……相似
be similar with在某方面类似
stick to坚持
object to反对
agree to同意(建议、看法)
see to料理,照看
devote...to致力于,献身于
be accustomed/used to习惯于
pay attention to注意
3.according to按照;根据……所说
4.break away (from sb./sth.)脱离;背叛;逃脱
break down破坏,粉碎;发生故障;感情崩溃;分类;划分;分解
break in闯入;插话
break out爆发;突然发生
break through冲破,突破
break up分裂;分开
break off中止;折断;打断
5.result in导致,造成,引起
其近义词(组)有cause/bring about/lead to
as a result因此,结果
without result徒劳,毫无结果
result from因……产生;起因于……
as a result of由于……,作为……的结果
6.refer to涉及,谈到,提到,引证;查阅,参考
refer...to...问询,归类,提交
refer to...as把……称作,把……当作
7.belong to属于
belong vi.“适合待在某处,放在某处”,没有含被动意味的过去分词用法。
belongings n.财产,所有物,相关事物
8.be known as作为……而出名;被称作……
be known for=be famous for 因……而出名
be known to sb.为某人所知
be known by 根据……了解
9.as well as同(一样也);和;还
10.date back to追溯到……,始于
keep up to date 跟上时代
up to date 最近的;跟上时代的
out of date 过时的;废弃的
11.make up编造;形成;构成;补上;弥补
make it 获得成功,成功到达
make off 匆忙离开
make out 明白,弄懂;看清,辨认清楚
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.So what is the difference between them;if any
如果有的话,那么它们之间有什么区别呢?
这是一个主从复合句。主句是what is the difference between them,if any是从句。
2.Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。
这是一个简单句。句子的主语是Getting to know a little bit about British history,属于动名词作主语。
3.Finally,in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK,which resulted in the full name we have today:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
最后,在20世纪,爱尔兰南部脱离英国,形成了今天的全称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
这是一个主从复合句。主句是the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK,后面是which引导的非限制性定语从句,其中又包含了定语从句we have today,修饰先行词the full name,因先行词the full name在后面的定语从句中作have的宾语,所以省略了关系代词that/which。
4.They use the same flay,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.
他们使用同样的旗帜,被称为“英国国旗”,也有相同的货币和军事防御。
这是一个简单句。known as the Union Jack是过去分词短语作后置定语。
5.They introduced the beginnings of the English language,and changed the way people built houses.
他们介绍了英语的起源,改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
这是一个主从复合句。people built houses是定语从句,修饰先行词the way。
6.They had castles built all around England,and made changes to the legal system.
他们在英国各地建造了城堡,并对法律制度进行了修改。
这是一个简单句。句中的had castles built...是“have+宾语+宾补(done)”结构。
7.There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.
关于英国有趣的历史和文化还有很多需要了解。
这是一个简单句。There is/are...意为“有……”。
8.Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.
学习这个国家的历史将使你的游览更加愉快。
这是一个简单句。主语是Studying the history of the country,make your visit much more enjoyable是make的复合宾语结构:“make+宾语+宾补”。
9.The capital city London is a great place to start,as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.
首都伦敦是一个很好的起点,因为它是一个古老的港口城市,它的历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
这是一个主从复合句。主句是The capital city London is a great place to start;后面是as引导的原因状语从句,其中又包含了that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词city;dating all the way back to Roman times是现在分词短语作后置定语。
10.If you keep your eyes open,you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
如果你留心观察,你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。
这是一个主从复合句。If you keep your eyes open是if引导的条件状语从句;that you can see both its past and its present是that引导的宾语从句作动词find的宾语。
11.Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all,offering something for each of the senses.
美丽的乡村让所有人兴奋和鼓舞,为每一种感官提供某种东西。
这是一个简单句。offering something for each of the senses是现在分词短语在句中作伴随状语。
12.The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes,with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美,郡县草木葱茏,青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中,堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
这是一个简单句。使用了“主系表”句型结构。后面with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle是with的复合结构。
13.With all this beauty,it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music,dancing,and dining.
有了这一切,爱尔兰发展出包括音乐,舞蹈和餐饮在内的强大传统也就不足为奇了。
这是一个主从复合句。it是形式主语,后面是that引导的主语从句,其中又包含了that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词traditions。
14.To have a chance of experiencing this,stop by a village pub and relax with a glass of wine or a local beer.
想要拥有体验的机会,去乡村酒吧吧,喝杯当地的葡萄酒或啤酒放松一下。
这是一个简单句。To have a chance of experiencing this是不定式短语作目的状语,后面是一个祈使句。
15.And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face,you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first hand.
如果你把自己介绍给一个友好的人,你更有可能直接体验当地的文化和习俗。
这是一个主从复合句。if you introduce yourself to a friendly face是if引导的条件状语从句,后面是主句。
Unit 5 Music
Ⅰ.重点单词
1.opportunity n.机会;时机
have an opportunity有机会
seize an opportunity 抓住时机
take advantage of an opportunity 利用机会
2.performance n.表演;演技;表现
give/put on a performance 演出;表演
perform vt. & vi.表演;履行;执行
perform one's duty/promise履行职责/诺言
perform an experiment/operation做实验/手术
performer n.执行者,表演者,演奏者,能手
3.ordinary adj.普通的;平凡的
out of the ordinary不寻常;出乎意料
in the ordinary way一般;通常
sb./sth. is no ordinary...某人/某物可不是一般的……
4.prove vt.证明;展现
证明……
proof n.证据;证明
There's (no) proof that...(没)有证据证明……
5.award vt.授予 n.奖品
win/receive/get an award for sth. 因某事而赢得/得到/获得奖项
win/get the first award 获得一等奖
award sb. sth. (for sth.) (因……)颁发给某人……
award sth. to sb. 授予某人某物
sb. be awarded sth./sth. be awarded to sb. 某人被授予某物
6.stage n.(发展或进展的)时期;阶段;(多指剧场中的)舞台
7.gradual adj.逐渐的;渐进的
gradually adv.逐渐地;逐步地
8.capable adj.有能力的;有才能的
be capable of sth./doing sth.有能力做某事
be able to do sth.有能力做某事
9.relief n.(焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除;(不快过后的)宽慰、轻松或解脱
to one's relief令某人感到欣慰的是
with/in relief宽慰地,如释重负地
what a relief总算松了一口气;终于解脱了
relieve v.(疼痛、问题)解除,减轻,缓解
relieve sb.of...解除某人……方面的负担
10.cure vt.治愈;治好(疾病);解决(问题) n.药物;治疗;(解决问题、改善糟糕情况的)措施
a/the cure for...……的疗法/……的解决措施
cure sb. of sth.治好某人的病;纠正某人的不良行为
vt.+sb.+of sth.结构的短语还有:
remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事
suspect sb.of sth.怀疑某人(做)某事
rob sb.of sth.抢了某人某物
inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事
warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事
accuse sb.of sth.控告某人某事
11.previous adj.先前的;以往的
previous to sth.在……之前;先于……
previously adv.以前;先前
12.aim n.目的;目标 vi.&vt.力求达到;力争做到;瞄准 vt.目的是;旨在
aimless adj.无目标的
aimlessly adv.漫无目的地
13.equipment n.设备;装备
equip vt.&vi.配备;装备;使有能力
equip...with...用……装备/配备……
be equipped for准备好;对……有准备
equip oneself整装;预备行装;装备自己
14.talent n.天才;天资;天赋
have (a) talent (=a gift) for在……方面有天赋
show (a) talent (=a gift) for显示……方面的天赋
talented (=gifted) adj. 有天赋的,有才能的
a talented/gifted footballer 一个天才足球运动员
15.assume vt.以为;假设
assume sb./sth. to be假定/假设某人/某事是……
It is assumed that...……被认为
assumed adj.假装的;假定的;设想的
assuming adj.自负的;傲慢的;过分自信的;conj.假如(后跟从句)
assumption n.假定;设想
16.satisfaction n.满足;满意;欣慰
to one's satisfaction令人满意的是
satisfy v.(使)满意;(使)满足
satisfied adj.满足的;满意的
be satisfied with对……感到满意
satisfying adj.令人满意的
satisfactory adj.令人满意的
17.various adj.各种不同的;各种各样的
vary vi.变化;不同;(大小、形状等)相异 vt.变更;改变
vary with随……而变化
vary from不同于……
vary in在……方面不同/有差异
vary from...to...由……到……情况不等/不同
variety n.[sing.]不同种类;[U]变化;多样化
a variety of=varieties of各种各样的
18.reaction n.反应;回应
react vi.做出反应;回应
react to对……做出反应
react with与……发生化学反应
react against反对;反抗
react by以……方式做出反应
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.feel like 想,想要;摸起来像,感觉像是
would like sth.想要某物
would like to do sth.想做某事
2.remind sb.of sth.使某人想起……
remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事
remind (sb.) that/how/what...提醒(某人)……
3.come up with提出;想出;赶上
come up走近;上来;被提出,被提及(无被动形式)
come about发生;产生
come across(偶然)遇见;发现;被理解
come out出来;出版
come to来到(某地);加起来总共;恢复知觉
when it comes to...当涉及/谈到……
4.fall in love with爱上
be in love with sb.与某人相爱(表示状态)
lose one's heart (to sb./sth.)=fall in love (with sb./sth.)爱上;钟情于……
5.join in参加;加入
6.be absorbed in sth./sb. 被……吸引住;专心致志
absorb v.吸收;吸引(某人)注意力;使专心;理解,掌握
absorb one's attention吸引某人的注意力
absorbed adj.全神贯注的,专心致志的
absorbing adj.吸引人的,引人入胜的
7.from time to time有时;偶尔
8.set sth. up安装好(设备或机器);建立;设立,准备,安排
set aside存储;留出;将……放在一边
set down放下,写下,登记
set off出发,动身;引发;使爆炸,燃放
set out启程,动身;阐述;陈列
set out to do sth.=set about doing sth.开始着手做某事
9.try out 参加……选拔(或试演);试验;尝试
have a try试试看;尝试一下
try for企图达到
try out for参加选拔
try on试穿衣服;试试看
10.help out 帮……分担工作,帮……脱离困境
help sb.with sth.帮助某人干某事
help (sb.) (to) do sth.帮助(某人)干某事
can't help to do不能帮助干某事
can't help doing禁不住干某事
can't help but do只得,不得不
help oneself to随便吃/用……
11.in addition(to sb./sth.)除……以外(还)
in addition to 除……之外(还)
additional adj.另外的;附加的
in addition to 除了……之外还有(包括在内)
besides 除……之外还有(包括在内)
except (for) 除……之外;除……之外还有(不包括在内)
except that 除了……;除……之外还有(不包括在内)
12.share sth. with sb.与某人分享某物;与某人共用某物
share sth. (out) among/between sb.与某人平分某物
share in分享;分担
13.have an impact on对……有影响
have an effect on 对……有影响
have an influence on 对……有影响
14.from (then) on从(那)时起
from that time on=from then on从那时起
from now on从现在起
15.get through(设法)处理;完成(工作);打通(电话);通过(考试);克服(困难)
get across 被理解;使人了解
get down to 认真地静下心(工作)(to 为介词)
get over 克服
get on 进展;进步
get in 收获
get around/round 到处走动;传播出去
16.pay off取得成功;得到回报;还清
pay for 为……付钱;为……付出代价
pay back 还钱;偿还;报答;报复
pay a visit to 拜访
pay attention to 注意
pay the bill 付账
pay in advance 预付
17.would rather do sth.宁愿做某事
would rather that+主语+did sth.(表示对现在或将来的虚拟)
would rather that+主语+had done sth.(表示对过去的虚拟)
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.Imagine having the opportunity to sing together with hundreds of other people while you are at home alone.
想象一下,当你一个人在家的时候,有机会和几百个人一起唱歌。
这是一个主从复合句。句中while you are at home alone是while引导的时间状语从句,前面是主句,也是一个祈使句。
2.As one virtual choir member said,“Music helps me to...forget my problems.With music,I become someone else.”
正如一位虚拟合唱团的成员所说:“音乐帮助我……忘记我的问题。有了音乐,我变成了另一个人。”
这是主从复合句。As one virtual choir member said是as引导的非限制性定语从句,其中as为关系代词,指代整个主句的内容。
3.Moved by this music,he said,“It was like seeing color for the first time.”
他被这段音乐打动了,他说:“那种(兴奋的)感觉就如同是第一次看见色彩一样。”
这是一个主从复合句。Moved by this music是过去分词短语在句中作状语,he是主语,said是谓语,It was like seeing color for the first time是宾语从句,作动词said的宾语。
4.Have you ever faced a time when things looked dark and you had no hope at all
你是否曾经面对过一段事情看起来很黑暗且根本没有希望的时期?
这是一个主从复合句。主句是Have you ever faced a time,when things looked dark and you had no hope at all是when引导的定语从句,修饰先行词a time。
5.Two years ago,I was told I had a serious disease which was difficult to cure.
两年前,我被告知患有一种很难治愈的严重疾病。
这是一个主从复合句。主句是I was told I had a serious disease,其中包含了I had a serious disease这个宾语从句;which was difficult to cure是which引导的定语从句,修饰先行词disease。
6.The doctor wanted me to relax,so he had me listen to some music,and one of the songs was “Happy”.
医生想让我放松,所以他让我听一些音乐,其中一首名叫“快乐”。
句中had me listen中的had (have)是使役动词。
7.To be a good daughter,I agreed to learn even though I wasn't interested in it at all.
为了成为一个好女儿,我同意学习,尽管我对它一点都不感兴趣。
这是一个主从复合句。even though引导了让步状语从句。