课题：阅读理解 总第39课时
教学目标：1.复习讲解阅读理解题型的解题技巧。教学重点：1.讲解阅读理解题型的解题技巧。教学难点：1.讲解阅读理解题型的解题技巧。课时安排：1课时
教 学 过 程 个 性 修 改
第一课时一、题型概述根据已给出的一段文章，对文章的内容进行了解，然后回答后续提出的有关文章内容的提问。在英语阅读中一般是以选择题的形式进行考查。中考中阅读理解所占的分值比重非常高，因此阅读理解的重要性不言而喻。此部分的文章体裁多样，贴近学生生活，兼顾趣味性和启发性。常见的阅读理解题型包括：事实细节题、推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题。二、策略解读1.事实细节题（1）跳读查找法这个方法的要点在于先看题干，带着问题读文章。以 what, who, where, when, why, how 提问的问题，可以从文章中直接找到答案。【例题1】 These people are trying to make life easy for themselves. But they are also making it easy for hackers（黑客）to break into their accounts（账户）. Here is some advice.…*Change the passwords every three months.How often should we change the passwords according to the text （ ）A. Every month. B. Every two months. C. Every three months.（2）简单计算法数字计算题也是事实细节题的一种，要求对文章中提到的数据进行简单的加减乘除运算，以便得出符合题目要求的数据。解答这类题目时,考生首先要弄清题干的要求是什么，然后找到与它相关的数字，再对它们进行分析、整合，最后计算出正确答案。【例题2】 Choice of music: folk music, pop music, rock musicHow many kinds of music does it mention （ ）A. 3. B. 4. C. 5.2.推理判断题（1）抓住特定关键信息进行正向或逆向推理做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用正向推理或逆向思维，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。【例题3】 But not every new toy is invented that way. Some of the best inventions are made by kids… Do you have a great idea for a new invention Give your idea a try.Whom may the writer call on to try ideas for new inventions （ ）A. Teachers. B. Kids. C. Parents.（2）根据上下文的逻辑关系得出结论不同的文章有不同的写作方法和文章结构。但是，在任何一篇文章中，段与段之间、句与句之间都存在着某种逻辑关系。抓住了这种逻辑关系，也就把握住了作者的写作思路和写作意图。【例题4】 When the famous scientist Albert Einstein was 16 years old, he imagined himself riding alongside a beam（束）of light. He used this picture in mind to help him when working out the “theory of relativity（相对论）”. “Imagination is more important than knowledge,” said Einstein.Which writing skill is used in this paragraph （ ）A. Giving an example. B. Listing numbers. C. Comparing facts.（3）结合常识进行推断有些文章，如科普类说明文、记叙类时政要闻等文体需要具有一定的背景知识。因此，解答此类文章的题目，除了把握相关文段的细节外，还应注意充分运用自己的常识，结合题目去分析推理。【例题5】 What would happen if you tried to blow a soap bubble in below-freezing weather Would it freeze and fall to the ground Would you have to hit it with a stone to break it These questions came into my mind one cold winter day. It was too cold to play in the snow, but it was a perfect time to experiment with blowing frozen bubbles… I learned one other thing about blowing frozen bubbles. It's so much fun. I want to try it again next year!What is the best title for the passage （ ）A. A Science Club B. Broken Bubbles C. Frozen Bubbles3.词义猜测题（1）通过词根、词缀推测生词的含义在英语中一个基本词根加上各种不同的词缀构成不同词性或不同词义的单词，叫衍生词。一般前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。例如：①词根：act v. 行为（词根）→active adj. 积极的，活跃的care n. 小心（词根）→careful adj. 小心的②前缀：un-“不”→unhappy（不高兴的）； re-“又，再，重新”→replay（重放）dis-“否定，除去”→disorder（杂乱，无秩序）③后缀：-ist人→artist（艺术家）； -less没有、无→careless粗心的【例题6】 I want him to know I accept him unconditionally . I don't even want Peter to feel that I will love him only if he behaves in a certain way or takes part in some activities.What does the underlined word “unconditionally” mean？（ ）A. 慎重地 B. 无条件地 C. 不耐烦地（2）通过上下文推测生词的含义通过上下文推测生词含义的方法有4种：同义法、反义法、逻辑法和常识法。①同义法利用解释推测单词的意思。a. 用动词或短语（be, mean, refer to等）给出前面生词的含义。【例题7】 Self-awareness means knowing your thoughts, feelings and behavior, and understanding how you fit into the world.What does the underlined word “self-awareness” mean？（ ）A. The feeling that encourages you to cheer up.B. The action that makes you examine yourself.C. The ability that helps you see yourself clearly.b. 通过举例的方法给出生词的含义。【例题8】 Speakers can watch the video again and again, pay attention to a different part of the speech each time. Elements such as speed and body language can get the attention they need.What does the underlined word “elements ” probably mean in the text？（ ）A. main points B. small facts C. different ideasc. 通过生词后括号内或者破折号后的内容给出生词的含义。【例题9】 People in East China's Fujian Province eat tofu balls during the festival. They often make tofu and vegetable balls to pray for family and business—hoping everything goes well.What does the underlined word “pray ” mean in Chinese （ ）A. 奉献 B. 祈祷 C. 款待d. 通过生词的同位语或定语给出生词的含义。【例题10】 He’s a barber , that's to say, a person whose job is to cut men's hair.What does the underlined word “barber” mean in Chinese （ ）A. 调酒师 B. 看门人 C. 理发师②反义法在阅读过程中，如有but, though, however等表示转折的词和unlike, different from, on the contrary等表示对比关系的词或表达出现，那就表明这些词语的前后是两个完全相反的概念。【例题11】 Their geography teacher is serious but their art teacher is great fun.What does the underlined word “serious” mean？（ ）A. 严肃的 B. 幽默的 C. 有才华的③逻辑法逻辑法是利用句子间的类比、因果、递进等逻辑关系推测生词的含义的方法。此时可重点关注以下内容：表示类比的词或短语有similarly, in the same way等表达，表示因果关系的词或短语有as a result, therefore, because, due to, in order to等表达,表示递进关系的词或短语有and then, even, in fact等表达。【例题12】 The crow（乌鸦）flew after him, making all kinds of comments（评价）about his flying. They flew on and on till they couldn't see the land and there was nothing but water on all sides. The crow was making fewer and fewer comments. He was so exhausted that he found it hard to stay in the air, and had to struggle（努力） to keep himself from falling into the water.What does the underlined word “exhausted” mean （ ）A. tired B. angry C. frightened④常识法常识法是利用科普知识和生活常识推测生词含义的方法。【例题13】 When water gets very hot, it becomes steam.What does the underlined word “steam” mean？（ ）A. 小溪 B. 水蒸气 C. 地下水4.主旨大意题（1）看关键位置。文章的主旨大意一般最有可能体现在以下几个关键位置：第一段的第一句，开门见山阐述主题；第一段的最后一句，在文章开头进行铺垫后引出本文话题；每一段的第一句，常为分论点支持文章中心思想；全文最后一句，往往体现作者的观点、态度和建议。【例题14】 Come and buy books at our great sale! Here is the information about some new books. You will get 50% off if you buy three or more books together.Chinese Clothing（￥50）It’s written by Hua Mei, a professor of a university…A Little Bit of Beijing（￥60）The writers are Li Han and Hu Yan…The Brightest from the Best（￥40）The writers are Hong and Zhang Xiaolong…Stories of China（￥30）It’s written in both English and Chinese…What do you know from the passage （ ）A. An introduction to some books.B. A list of several bookstores.C. A report on famous writers.（2）看全文复现频率最高的词。全文出现次数最多的词往往就是该文章的题眼。【例题15】 When the famous scientist Albert Einstein was 16 years old, he imagined himself riding alongside a beam（束）of light. He used this picture in mind to help him when working out the “theory of relativity（相对论）”. “Imagination is more important than knowledge,” said Einstein.Daydreaming, called“thought experiments” by Einstein, can make you have wild imaginings, like flying around in space. …Daydreaming for a while each day can improve your health and creativity.Disappearing into a daydream lets your mind escape when things are difficult.…Daydreaming also inspires creativity and lets you find new worlds where there are no limits（限制）to what you can do or who you are. …So next time you're stuck with homework, stop for a moment and see where your daydreams take you.Why is daydreaming talked about （ ）A. To show a science research result.B. To remind people to have a mind break.C. To find solutions to homework problems.三、实践应用（2024·江苏连云港中考改编）As we know, eating vegetables is good for us. Why do some people like them but others don’t A new study has found that other people's likes and dislikes could be a reason. According to the research, people who eat vegetables and show a clear dislike for them can influence others.People may make facial expressions（面部表情）when eating. How does it affect a person watching them A team of scientists in the UK did a study. They asked more than 200 young women to watch videos of other adults eating broccoli（西兰花）. The people in the videos had different expressions while eating. They would smile, seem neutral（neither happy nor sad）, or look disgusted.The study found that when people in the videos look disgusted while eating broccoli, people watching them began to like broccoli less. The opposite was not true, however. When someone had a smile while eating broccoli, people watching them did not like broccoli more.By watching others, humans learn which behaviors will be good for them. Scientists believe that people might avoid food that looks terrible. In this way, people can protect themselves from eating something bad or dangerous.The research focused only on adults, but the team believe that the results could also work for children. This means, if children see their parents not enjoying certain foods, including vegetables, they might not want to eat them either.How does the behavior of adults influence children's choices of food The team said they hope to understand more about it. This could help find ways to encourage children to eat more healthy foods.1．What does the underlined word “disgusted” in Paragraph 2 mean （ ）A. Excited. B. Unhappy. C. Amazed.2．What's the result of the study （ ）A. People may prefer the food others like.B. Children dislike eating certain vegetables.C. People may not choose the food others dislike.3．On what further study may the team do （ ）A. The safety of children's food.B. The wish to understand children.C. The influences of parents' behavior.4．What is the best title of the text （ ）A. Videos Affect Choices of FoodB. Studies on Vegetables Help a LotC. Opinions on Vegetables Influence Others
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教学反思课题：阅读理解 总第39课时
教学目标：1.复习讲解阅读理解题型的解题技巧。教学重点：1.讲解阅读理解题型的解题技巧。教学难点：1.讲解阅读理解题型的解题技巧。课时安排：1课时。
教 学 过 程 个 性 修 改
第一课时一、题型概述根据已给出的一段文章，对文章的内容进行了解，然后回答后续提出的有关文章内容的提问。在英语阅读中一般是以选择题的形式进行考查。中考中阅读理解所占的分值比重非常高，因此阅读理解的重要性不言而喻。此部分的文章体裁多样，贴近学生生活，兼顾趣味性和启发性。常见的阅读理解题型包括：事实细节题、推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题。二、策略解读1.事实细节题（1）跳读查找法这个方法的要点在于先看题干，带着问题读文章。以 what, who, where, when, why, how 提问的问题，可以从文章中直接找到答案。【例题1】 These people are trying to make life easy for themselves. But they are also making it easy for hackers（黑客）to break into their accounts（账户）. Here is some advice.…*Change the passwords every three months.How often should we change the passwords according to the text （C）A. Every month. B. Every two months. C. Every three months.[解析]点拨：从问题“How often…”可知要找与频率、数字有关的细节，从“Change the passwords every three months. ”可知答案为C。（2）简单计算法数字计算题也是事实细节题的一种，要求对文章中提到的数据进行简单的加减乘除运算，以便得出符合题目要求的数据。解答这类题目时,考生首先要弄清题干的要求是什么，然后找到与它相关的数字，再对它们进行分析、整合，最后计算出正确答案。【例题2】 Choice of music: folk music, pop music, rock musicHow many kinds of music does it mention （A）A. 3. B. 4. C. 5.[解析]点拨：从文中“folk music, pop music, rock music”, 可知答案为A。2.推理判断题（1）抓住特定关键信息进行正向或逆向推理做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用正向推理或逆向思维，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。【例题3】 But not every new toy is invented that way. Some of the best inventions are made by kids… Do you have a great idea for a new invention Give your idea a try.Whom may the writer call on to try ideas for new inventions （B）A. Teachers. B. Kids. C. Parents.[解析]点拨：根据“Some of the best inventions are made by kids.”和“Do you have a great idea for a new invention Give your idea a try.”可知，文章是鼓励孩子们进行发明创造，故选B。（2）根据上下文的逻辑关系得出结论不同的文章有不同的写作方法和文章结构。但是，在任何一篇文章中，段与段之间、句与句之间都存在着某种逻辑关系。抓住了这种逻辑关系，也就把握住了作者的写作思路和写作意图。【例题4】 When the famous scientist Albert Einstein was 16 years old, he imagined himself riding alongside a beam（束）of light. He used this picture in mind to help him when working out the “theory of relativity（相对论）”. “Imagination is more important than knowledge,” said Einstein.Which writing skill is used in this paragraph （A）A. Giving an example. B. Listing numbers. C. Comparing facts.[解析]点拨：根据“When the famous scientist Albert Einstein was 16 years old…”可知开头通过爱因斯坦的例子引出了本文的话题。故选A。（3）结合常识进行推断有些文章，如科普类说明文、记叙类时政要闻等文体需要具有一定的背景知识。因此，解答此类文章的题目，除了把握相关文段的细节外，还应注意充分运用自己的常识，结合题目去分析推理。【例题5】 What would happen if you tried to blow a soap bubble in below-freezing weather Would it freeze and fall to the ground Would you have to hit it with a stone to break it These questions came into my mind one cold winter day. It was too cold to play in the snow, but it was a perfect time to experiment with blowing frozen bubbles… I learned one other thing about blowing frozen bubbles. It's so much fun. I want to try it again next year!What is the best title for the passage （C）A. A Science Club B. Broken Bubbles C. Frozen Bubbles[解析]点拨：本文主要介绍了作者为了查明在低于冰点的天气里吹肥皂泡会发生什么而做了一个实验，故文章以“冻结的气泡”为标题最合适。故选C。3.词义猜测题（1）通过词根、词缀推测生词的含义在英语中一个基本词根加上各种不同的词缀构成不同词性或不同词义的单词，叫衍生词。一般前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。例如：①词根：act v. 行为（词根）→active adj. 积极的，活跃的care n. 小心（词根）→careful adj. 小心的②前缀：un-“不”→unhappy（不高兴的）； re-“又，再，重新”→replay（重放）dis-“否定，除去”→disorder（杂乱，无秩序）③后缀：-ist人→artist（艺术家）； -less没有、无→careless粗心的【例题6】 I want him to know I accept him unconditionally . I don't even want Peter to feel that I will love him only if he behaves in a certain way or takes part in some activities.What does the underlined word “unconditionally” mean？（B）A. 慎重地 B. 无条件地 C. 不耐烦地[解析]点拨：condition为词根，意思是“条件”；conditional “有条件的”为形容词，其中-al为形容词后缀；conditionally“有条件地”为副词，其中-ly为副词后缀；在副词conditionally前面加上一个表示否定意义的-un前缀，构成unconditionally “无条件地”，故选B。（2）通过上下文推测生词的含义通过上下文推测生词含义的方法有4种：同义法、反义法、逻辑法和常识法。①同义法利用解释推测单词的意思。a. 用动词或短语（be, mean, refer to等）给出前面生词的含义。【例题7】 Self-awareness means knowing your thoughts, feelings and behavior, and understanding how you fit into the world.What does the underlined word “self-awareness” mean？（C）A. The feeling that encourages you to cheer up.B. The action that makes you examine yourself.C. The ability that helps you see yourself clearly.[解析]点拨：从“Self-awareness means…”中“means”（意思是/意味着）的含义可知，后面的“knowing your thoughts， feelings and behavior，and understanding how you fit into the world”就是对Self-awareness的解释，“了解自己的想法、感受和行为，了解自己如何融入这个世界” 就是自我意识，故选C。b. 通过举例的方法给出生词的含义。【例题8】 Speakers can watch the video again and again, pay attention to a different part of the speech each time. Elements such as speed and body language can get the attention they need.What does the underlined word “elements ” probably mean in the text？（A）A. main points B. small facts C. different ideas[解析]点拨：从“such as speed and body language”（速度和肢体语言）的意思可知，文中速度和肢体语言指的就是要素，故答案为A。c. 通过生词后括号内或者破折号后的内容给出生词的含义。【例题9】 People in East China's Fujian Province eat tofu balls during the festival. They often make tofu and vegetable balls to pray for family and business—hoping everything goes well.What does the underlined word “pray ” mean in Chinese （B）A. 奉献 B. 祈祷 C. 款待[解析]点拨：从破折号后面的“hoping everything goes well”（希望一切都好）可知pray的意思为“祈祷”。故选B。d. 通过生词的同位语或定语给出生词的含义。【例题10】 He’s a barber , that's to say, a person whose job is to cut men's hair.What does the underlined word “barber” mean in Chinese （C）A. 调酒师 B. 看门人 C. 理发师[解析]点拨：“that's to say”的意思是“即”，表示解释，也就是说后面那句话就是对“barber”的解释，故选C。②反义法在阅读过程中，如有but, though, however等表示转折的词和unlike, different from, on the contrary等表示对比关系的词或表达出现，那就表明这些词语的前后是两个完全相反的概念。【例题11】 Their geography teacher is serious but their art teacher is great fun.What does the underlined word “serious” mean？（A）A. 严肃的 B. 幽默的 C. 有才华的[解析]点拨：从“…but their art teacher is great fun”（但是他们的美术老师很有趣）可知，but前面的serious所表达的意思与fun相反，故选A。③逻辑法逻辑法是利用句子间的类比、因果、递进等逻辑关系推测生词的含义的方法。此时可重点关注以下内容：表示类比的词或短语有similarly, in the same way等表达，表示因果关系的词或短语有as a result, therefore, because, due to, in order to等表达,表示递进关系的词或短语有and then, even, in fact等表达。【例题12】 The crow（乌鸦）flew after him, making all kinds of comments（评价）about his flying. They flew on and on till they couldn't see the land and there was nothing but water on all sides. The crow was making fewer and fewer comments. He was so exhausted that he found it hard to stay in the air, and had to struggle（努力） to keep himself from falling into the water.What does the underlined word “exhausted” mean （A）A. tired B. angry C. frightened[解析]点拨：从 “…he found it hard to stay in the air, and had to struggle to keep himself from falling into the water.”可知“它很累了”，故选A。④常识法常识法是利用科普知识和生活常识推测生词含义的方法。【例题13】 When water gets very hot, it becomes steam.What does the underlined word “steam” mean？（B）A. 小溪 B. 水蒸气 C. 地下水[解析]点拨：从“When water gets very hot”（当水变热时）可知，“它就变成了水蒸气”。这是生活常识，故选B。4.主旨大意题（1）看关键位置。文章的主旨大意一般最有可能体现在以下几个关键位置：第一段的第一句，开门见山阐述主题；第一段的最后一句，在文章开头进行铺垫后引出本文话题；每一段的第一句，常为分论点支持文章中心思想；全文最后一句，往往体现作者的观点、态度和建议。【例题14】 Come and buy books at our great sale! Here is the information about some new books. You will get 50% off if you buy three or more books together.Chinese Clothing（￥50）It’s written by Hua Mei, a professor of a university…A Little Bit of Beijing（￥60）The writers are Li Han and Hu Yan…The Brightest from the Best（￥40）The writers are Hong and Zhang Xiaolong…Stories of China（￥30）It’s written in both English and Chinese…What do you know from the passage （A）A. An introduction to some books.B. A list of several bookstores.C. A report on famous writers.[解析]点拨：根据“Here is the information about some new books. ”可知本文主要是一些书的介绍，故选A。（2）看全文复现频率最高的词。全文出现次数最多的词往往就是该文章的题眼。【例题15】 When the famous scientist Albert Einstein was 16 years old, he imagined himself riding alongside a beam（束）of light. He used this picture in mind to help him when working out the “theory of relativity（相对论）”. “Imagination is more important than knowledge,” said Einstein.Daydreaming, called“thought experiments” by Einstein, can make you have wild imaginings, like flying around in space. …Daydreaming for a while each day can improve your health and creativity.Disappearing into a daydream lets your mind escape when things are difficult.…Daydreaming also inspires creativity and lets you find new worlds where there are no limits（限制）to what you can do or who you are. …So next time you're stuck with homework, stop for a moment and see where your daydreams take you.Why is daydreaming talked about （B）A. To show a science research result.B. To remind people to have a mind break.C. To find solutions to homework problems.[解析]点拨：全文复现频率最高的词是“daydream”“daydreaming”，第二、三段多次出现了“creativity”，与思考有关，第三段也出现了“mind”, 本文主要介绍了白日梦的好处，并提醒人们要让大脑休息一下。故选B。三、实践应用（2024·江苏连云港中考改编）As we know, eating vegetables is good for us. Why do some people like them but others don’t A new study has found that other people's likes and dislikes could be a reason. According to the research, people who eat vegetables and show a clear dislike for them can influence others.People may make facial expressions（面部表情）when eating. How does it affect a person watching them A team of scientists in the UK did a study. They asked more than 200 young women to watch videos of other adults eating broccoli（西兰花）. The people in the videos had different expressions while eating. They would smile, seem neutral（neither happy nor sad）, or look disgusted.The study found that when people in the videos look disgusted while eating broccoli, people watching them began to like broccoli less. The opposite was not true, however. When someone had a smile while eating broccoli, people watching them did not like broccoli more.By watching others, humans learn which behaviors will be good for them. Scientists believe that people might avoid food that looks terrible. In this way, people can protect themselves from eating something bad or dangerous.The research focused only on adults, but the team believe that the results could also work for children. This means, if children see their parents not enjoying certain foods, including vegetables, they might not want to eat them either.How does the behavior of adults influence children's choices of food The team said they hope to understand more about it. This could help find ways to encourage children to eat more healthy foods.1．What does the underlined word “disgusted” in Paragraph 2 mean （B）A. Excited. B. Unhappy. C. Amazed.2．What's the result of the study （C）A. People may prefer the food others like.B. Children dislike eating certain vegetables.C. People may not choose the food others dislike.3．On what further study may the team do （C）A. The safety of children's food.B. The wish to understand children.C. The influences of parents' behavior.4．What is the best title of the text （C）A. Videos Affect Choices of FoodB. Studies on Vegetables Help a LotC. Opinions on Vegetables Influence Others
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