课题:并列句和复合句 总第37课时
教学目标:1.复习并列句和复合句的分类及用法。教学重点:1.复习并列句和复合句的分类及用法。教学难点:1.复习并列句和复合句的用法。课时安排:1课时。
教 学 过 程 个 性 修 改
第一课时一、归纳与阐释(一)并列句用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句叫做并列句。其构成为:简单句+并列连词+简单句。 1.表示顺承、并列、递进关系的连词及并列句 and“和”;both…and…“……和……两者都”;as well as“也”;neither…nor…“既不……也不……”;not only…but also…“不但……而且……”等。如: He can not only read but also write English. 他既会说也会写英语。 2.表示转折或对比关系的连词及并列句 but“但是”;yet“然而”;while“而”。如: Linda is good-looking but not friendly. 琳达长得好但她不友好。 3.表示选择关系的连词及并列句 or “或者”,也有“否则”之意;either…or…“或者……或者……;要么……要么……”,它连接主语时,动词与靠近它的主语在人称、数上保持一致,即“就近原则”。如: Put on your coat, or you'll catch a cold. 穿上你的外套,否则你会着凉。 Either you or he has to stay at home to help with housework. 要么你要么他留在家里帮忙做家务。 4.表示因果关系的连词及并列句 so“所以,因此,于是”,表示因果关系;for“因为”也表示因果关系。如: He was not feeling well, so he went home early. 他感觉不舒服,因此他早回家了。 I have to stay up late, for I have lots of homework to do. 我不得不熬夜,因为我有许多作业要做。(二)状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等的从句叫状语从句。类型从句的引导词例句时间状语从句when/while/as(当……时候); before(在之前); after (在之后);since(自从);not…until…(直到……才);as soon as(一……就)When the girl was shopping, the alien went out. 当女孩在购物时,外星人走了出来。The movie began/started as soon as we arrived there. 我们一到那里电影就开始了。条件状语从句if (如果); as long as (只要);unless(除非)If we hold a party, what will happen 如果我们举行一个聚会的话,会发生什么事 原因状语从句because(因为);since(既然); as(由于)I don’t like soap operasbecause they are very boring. 我不喜欢肥皂剧,因为它们很无聊。目的状语从句so that(以便;为了);in order that(为了)Stand up so that I can see how tall you are. 站起来以便我看看你有多高。结果状语从句so…that/such …that (如此……以至于)He looks so funny that we can’t stop laughing. 他看起来如此滑稽以至于我们笑个不停。让步状语从句though/although(尽管,虽然);even though/if(即使);whatever(无论什么);wherever(无论哪里);whenever(无论何时)Although it was cold, the children went on skating. 虽然天气冷,但是孩子们还是去滑冰了。Whatever you do, do it well. 无论你做什么,做好它。比较状语从句than(比……);as…as…(和……一样); not as/so…as (不如……)He sang worse than he did last year. 他比去年唱得差多了。地点状语从句where(在/到……的地方); wherever(在/到任何地方)Sit wherever you like. 你喜欢坐哪儿就坐哪儿。1.时间状语从句(1)当主句是一般将来时态或祈使句,表示将来的意义时,从句通常用 一般现在时,简称“主将从现”。如:我一到北京就给你打电话。I will call you as soon as I arrive in/get to/reach Beijing.(2)when引导的时间状语从句,通常表示主句和从句的动作同时发生;before表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前(之前/之后);after则表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后(之前/之后);as引导时间状语从句时,往往表示主句和从句的动作同时发生。(3)until/till引导的时间状语从句。①主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时,主句用肯定形式,表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until/till所表示的时间为止。如:我会一直等你来看我。I’ll wait for you till/until you come to visit me.②主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词时,用否定形式表示主句的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生。构成句式not…until…,有时不用not,而用其他如never, nothing等表示否定意义的词。如:我总是直到完成了作业才去睡觉。I always don’t go to sleep until I finish my homework. (4)since引导的时间状语从句,表示“自……以来”,主句用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。结构为:It has been…since+从句/It is…since +从句。如:I have worked in this school since I graduated from Peking University.我从北京大学毕业以来就在这所学校工作。It is 10 years since I began to study English.我学英语有十年了。2.条件状语从句(1)主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。如:I'll visit the Great Wall if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨,我将去游览长城。(2)如果if引导的条件状语从句所表示的前提或条件将来可以实现或正在进行,从句要用一般现在时或现在进行时,主句通常用将来时。如:We will give you a good price if you are thinking of buying it.如果你考虑买它,我们会给你一个好价钱。(3)“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”中,祈使句在意义上相当于一个条件状语从句。如:Use your head, and you’ll find a way.=If you use your head, you’ll find a way.动动脑筋,你就会想出好办法来。3.原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常用because, since, as引导。这三个词所表示的语气由because到as逐渐减弱,由why提出的问题一般用because来回答。如:—Why does he like history so much —Because he thinks history is very interesting.(2)如果状语从句所表示的原因是人们已知的事实,就要用since,而不用as或because。since在这里的意思是“既然”。如:Since you can’t answer the question, you can ask someone for help.既然你不能回答这个问题,你可以找别人帮忙。4.目的状语从句(1)引导目的状语从句的词或词组有so that, in order that等,谓语中常含有may, might, can, could, will, would等情态动词。如:He must get up early so that/in order that he can go to work on time.他必须早点起床,以便能按时上班。(2)当从句主语与主句主语一致时,可用so as to, in order to。如:He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.= He worked day and night in order to succeed.为了成功他夜以继日地工作。5.结果状语从句(1)由so…that, such…that引导。She is so lovely a girl that we love her very much.= She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much.她是一个如此可爱的女孩,以至于我们都很喜欢她。当名词前面有many, much, little, few修饰时,用so而不用such。如:We have so much time that we can finish the work well.我们有如此多的时间,以至于我们能很好地完成工作。(2)so…that句型的否定形式可用简单句 too…to…或not…enough to代替。如:He is so young that he can’t go to school.=He is too young to go to school.=He is not old enough to go to school.他太小了不能去上学。(三)宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。1.宾语从句的引导词宾语从句属于名词性从句,其引导词及作用见下表:引导词引导词的作用例句that本身无意义,只起连接作用,在口语中可省略He says that Bob is good at swimming. 他说鲍勃擅长游泳。what, which, who, whose, whom等连接代词在从句中作一定的成分,如主语、宾语、定语等I don’t know what they are going/planning to do.我不知道他们打算干什么。She asked me whose book it was yesterday. 她昨天问我这是谁的书。when(表时间), where(表地点), why(表原因), how(表方式)等连接副词在从句中作状语Mary wants to know where we want to go. 玛丽想知道我们要去哪里。if/whether意为“是否”,不作句子成分,但不能省略He asks me if/whether Mr. Green is a teacher. 他问我格林先生是不是一位老师。2.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时,要特别注意从句的语序。如:What’s Kate’s email address Do you know =Do you know what Kate’s email address is 你知道凯特的电子邮件地址吗?3.宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态要和主句的时态保持一致,但是,如果有明显的时间状语,要以时间状语来判断时态。主句与从句时态例句主句:一般现在时从句:根据实际情况使用相应时态I hear that John will go to New York tomorrow.我听说约翰明天将去纽约。主句:一般过去时从句:使用过去的某种时态Jack said that he was doing his homework at this time yesterday.杰克说他昨天这个时候正在做作业。从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时, 不管主句使用什么时态, 从句都用一般现在时Mr. Li said that light travels faster than sound.李老师说光比声音传播得快。4.宾语从句中的否定前置在主从复合句中,当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语是think, believe, guess, suppose等表示“认为、相信、猜想、假设”等意思的动词,且当时态为一般现在时态时,要将从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如:I don’t think he will come with you. 我认为他不会和你一起来。5.宾语从句与简单句的转换由疑问代词what, which和疑问副词how, when, where等引导的宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词+ to do”结构的简单句。如:I don’t know what I should say. = I don’t know what to say. 我不知道要说什么。(四)定语从句在复合句中作定语的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间,它既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。含定语从句的复合句的基本结构为“先行词+关系词+定语从句”。1.关系代词的基本用法关系词成分先行词例句that主语、宾语(可省)、表语人、物Do you know the boy that/who often comes here?你认识经常来这儿的那个男孩吗?which主语、宾语(可省)、表语事、物A dictionary is a book which/that gives the meanings of words. 字典是一本给出单词意思的书。时间I’ll never forget the days(which/that)we spent together. 我将永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。地点The school(which/that)we visited yesterday is a famous one in Changsha. 昨天我们参观的那所学校是长沙的一所名校。who主语、宾语、表语人He is the man who wants to see you.他就是那个想见你的人。whom宾语 (可省)、表语人He's the boy(whom/that/who)I talked with just now. 他就是刚才和我说话的男孩。whose定语人、物What’s the name of the boy whose father is a policeman?那个父亲是一名警察的男孩叫什么名字?2.关系代词只能用that而不能用which的情况(1)当先行词是all, few, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing, the one等不定代词 时或被any, every等词修饰。如:Is there anything that you don't understand 你有什么不懂的地方吗?I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun. 我想把鲁迅的著作全读完。(2)当先行词前面有the only, the very, the last等修饰时。如:This is the only book that I can find. 这是我能找到的唯一一本书。(3)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如:This is the best book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最好的书。(4)当先行词既有人又有物时。如:The film star and her film that you have just talked about are really well-known.你刚刚谈到的那个影星和她的电影真的很出名。(5)当主句是以who, which开头的特殊疑问句时。如:Who is the man that is standing over there 站在那边的那位男士是谁?3.关系副词的基本用法 关系词成分例句when时间状语I still remember that day when our new campus/school was completed/founded/built.我还记得我们新校园建成的那天。where地点状语This is the place where I studied last year. 这就是我去年学习的地方。why原因状语Please tell me the reason why you were late. 请告诉我你迟到的原因。二、分析与应用根据句意填入恰当的词。1.[2024·安徽中考改编]There can be some trouble at the beginning, but things will turn out well in the end.2.[2024·甘肃中考改编]Many students lose marks simply because they do not read the questions carefully.3.[2024·福建中考改编]You will feel better if/ after you take a walk in the park just for 20 minutes.4.[2024·安徽中考改编]—Could you tell us how we can start a conversation with a foreigner —Talking about weather is a good choice.5.[2024·贵阳中考改编]Boys and girls, did you hear what I said 6.[2024·山东滨州]—Nowadays, many children fall in love with paper cutting.—That’s true. It can not only express their own fantastic ideas but also improve their hands-on ability.7.[2024·河北中考改编]Jeff still works hard although/ though he has achieved great success.8.[2024·甘肃定西中考改编]Life is like a horse, and either you ride it or it rides you.9.[2024·江苏扬州中考改编]Teenagers don't always understand why their parents have so many rules.10.[2024·黑龙江大庆中考改编]Between classes, I would try to review what I had learned until I understood it.11.[2024·内蒙古赤峰中考改编]Kitty was a homeless cat that I found on the street one rainy night. She was wet, hungry and frightened, and she looked at me as if/ as though she was begging(祈求)for help.12.[2024·陕西中考改编]We need to understand ourselves better so that/ in order that we can make wiser decisions.13.[2024·四川德阳中考改编]Every day, you can check to see if/whether you have anything to do, and if you do, you can get prepared as soon as possible.14.[2024·吉林长春中考改编]As a science lover, I hope I can invent a bike that/ which can fly in the sky.15.[2024·黑龙江哈尔滨]John is a 20-year-old university student. His parents live in another city, so he has to look after his grandpa alone.
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教学反思课题:并列句和复合句 总第37课时
教学目标:1.复习并列句和复合句的分类及用法。教学重点:1.复习并列句和复合句的分类及用法。教学难点:1.复习并列句和复合句的用法。课时安排:1课时。
教 学 过 程 个 性 修 改
第一课时一、归纳与阐释(一)并列句用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句叫做并列句。其构成为:简单句+并列连词+简单句。 1.表示顺承、并列、递进关系的连词及并列句 and“和”; “……和……两者都”;as well as“也”; “既不……也不……”; “不但……而且……”等。如: He can read write English. 他既会说也会写英语。 2.表示转折或对比关系的连词及并列句 “但是”;yet“然而”;while“而”。如: Linda is good-looking . 琳达长得好但她不友好。 3.表示选择关系的连词及并列句 or “或者”,也有“否则”之意; “或者……或者……;要么……要么……”,它连接主语时,动词与靠近它的主语在人称、数上保持一致,即“就近原则”。如: Put on your coat, or you'll catch a cold. 穿上你的外套,否则你会着凉。 Either you or he has to stay at home to help with housework. 要么你要么他留在家里帮忙做家务。 4.表示因果关系的连词及并列句 so“所以,因此,于是”,表示因果关系;for“因为”也表示因果关系。如: He was not feeling well, . 他感觉不舒服,因此他早回家了。 I have to stay up late, . 我不得不熬夜,因为我有许多作业要做。(二)状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等的从句叫状语从句。类型从句的引导词例句时间状语从句when/while/as(当……时候); before(在之前); after (在之后); (自从); (直到……才); (一……就)When the girl was shopping, the alien went out. 当女孩在购物时,外星人走了出来。 我们一到那里电影就开始了。条件状语从句if (如果); as long as (只要); (除非) 如果我们举行一个聚会的话,会发生什么事 原因状语从句 (因为); (既然); as(由于)I don’t like soap operas . 我不喜欢肥皂剧,因为它们很无聊。目的状语从句 (以便;为了); (为了)Stand up I can see how tall you are. 站起来以便我看看你有多高。结果状语从句so…that/such …that (如此……以至于) 他看起来如此滑稽以至于我们笑个不停。让步状语从句though/although(尽管,虽然); (即使); (无论什么); (无论哪里); (无论何时)Although it was cold, the children went on skating. Whatever you do, do it well. 无论你做什么,做好它。比较状语从句than(比……); (和……一样); not as/so…as (不如……)He sang than he did last year. 他比去年唱得差多了。地点状语从句where(在/到……的地方); wherever(在/到任何地方)Sit wherever you like. 1.时间状语从句(1)当主句是一般将来时态或祈使句,表示将来的意义时,从句通常用 ,简称“主将从现”。如:我一到北京就给你打电话。 (2)when引导的时间状语从句,通常表示主句和从句的动作同时发生;before表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作 (之前/之后);after则表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作 (之前/之后);as引导时间状语从句时,往往表示主句和从句的动作同时发生。(3)until/till引导的时间状语从句。①主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时,主句用肯定形式,表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until/till所表示的时间为止。如:我会一直等你来看我。 ②主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词时,用否定形式表示主句的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生。构成句式not…until…,有时不用not,而用其他如never, nothing等表示否定意义的词。如:我总是直到完成了作业才去睡觉。 (4)since引导的时间状语从句,表示“自……以来”,主句用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。结构为:It has been…since+从句/It is…since +从句。如:I have worked in this school since I graduated from Peking University. It is 10 years since I began to study English. 2.条件状语从句(1)主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。如:I'll visit the Great Wall tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨,我将去游览长城。(2)如果if引导的条件状语从句所表示的前提或条件将来可以实现或正在进行,从句要用一般现在时或现在进行时,主句通常用将来时。如:We will give you a good price if you are thinking of buying it.如果你考虑买它,我们会给你一个好价钱。(3)“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”中,祈使句在意义上相当于一个条件状语从句。如:Use your head, and you’ll find a way.= , you’ll find a way.动动脑筋,你就会想出好办法来。3.原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常用because, since, as引导。这三个词所表示的语气由because到as逐渐减弱,由why提出的问题一般用 来回答。如:—Why does he like history so much — he thinks history is very interesting.(2)如果状语从句所表示的原因是人们已知的事实,就要用since,而不用as或because。since在这里的意思是“ ”。如: you can’t answer the question, you can ask someone for help.既然你不能回答这个问题,你可以找别人帮忙。4.目的状语从句(1)引导目的状语从句的词或词组有so that, in order that等,谓语中常含有may, might, can, could, will, would等情态动词。如:He must get up early .他必须早点起床,以便能按时上班。(2)当从句主语与主句主语一致时,可用so as to, in order to。如:He worked day and night in order that .= He worked day and night in order to .为了成功他夜以继日地工作。5.结果状语从句(1)由so…that, such…that引导。She is that we love her very much.= She is that we love her very much.她是一个如此可爱的女孩,以至于我们都很喜欢她。当名词前面有many, much, little, few修饰时,用so而不用such。如:We have that we can finish the work well.我们有如此多的时间,以至于我们能很好地完成工作。(2)so…that句型的否定形式可用简单句 too…to…或not…enough to代替。如:He is he can’t go to school.=He is go to school.=He is go to school.他太小了不能去上学。(三)宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。1.宾语从句的引导词宾语从句属于名词性从句,其引导词及作用见下表:引导词引导词的作用例句that本身无意义,只起连接作用,在口语中可省略 他说鲍勃擅长游泳。what, which, who, whose, whom等连接代词在从句中作一定的成分,如主语、宾语、定语等I don’t know 我不知道他们打算干什么。 她昨天问我这是谁的书。when(表时间), where(表地点), why(表原因), how(表方式)等连接副词在从句中作状语 玛丽想知道我们要去哪里。if/whether意为“ ”,不作句子成分,但不能省略 他问我格林先生是不是一位老师。2.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序要用 。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时,要特别注意从句的语序。如:What’s Kate’s email address Do you know = 你知道凯特的电子邮件地址吗?3.宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态要和主句的时态保持一致,但是,如果有明显的时间状语,要以时间状语来判断时态。主句与从句时态例句主句:一般现在时从句:根据实际情况使用相应时态 我听说约翰明天将去纽约。主句:一般过去时从句:使用过去的某种时态 杰克说他昨天这个时候正在做作业。从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时, 不管主句使用什么时态, 从句都用 李老师说光比声音传播得快。4.宾语从句中的否定前置在主从复合句中,当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语是think, believe, guess, suppose等表示“认为、相信、猜想、假设”等意思的动词,且当时态为一般现在时态时,要将从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如: 我认为他不会和你一起来。5.宾语从句与简单句的转换由疑问代词what, which和疑问副词how, when, where等引导的宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词+ to do”结构的简单句。如:I don’t know what I should say. = I don’t know . 我不知道要说什么。(四)定语从句在复合句中作定语的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间,它既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。含定语从句的复合句的基本结构为“先行词+关系词+定语从句”。1.关系代词的基本用法关系词成分先行词例句that主语、宾语(可省)、表语人、物Do you know the boy that/who often comes here?你认识经常来这儿的那个男孩吗?which主语、宾语(可省)、表语事、物A dictionary is a book which/that gives the meanings of words. 字典是一本给出单词意思的书。时间I’ll never forget the days(which/that)we spent together. 我将永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。地点The school(which/that)we visited yesterday is a famous one in Changsha. 昨天我们参观的那所学校是长沙的一所名校。who主语、宾语、表语人He is the man who wants to see you.他就是那个想见你的人。whom宾语 (可省)、表语人He's the boy(whom/that/who)I talked with just now. 他就是刚才和我说话的男孩。whose定语人、物What’s the name of the boy whose father is a policeman?那个父亲是一名警察的男孩叫什么名字?2.关系代词只能用that而不能用which的情况(1)当先行词是all, few, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing, the one等 时或被any, every等词修饰。如:Is there anything that you don't understand 你有什么不懂的地方吗?I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun. 我想把鲁迅的著作全读完。(2)当先行词前面有the only, the very, the last等修饰时。如:This is the only book that I can find. 这是我能找到的唯一一本书。(3)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如:This is the best book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最好的书。(4)当先行词既有人又有物时。如:The film star and her film that you have just talked about are really well-known.你刚刚谈到的那个影星和她的电影真的很出名。(5)当主句是以who, which开头的特殊疑问句时。如:Who is the man that is standing over there 站在那边的那位男士是谁?3.关系副词的基本用法 关系词成分例句when时间状语 我还记得我们新校园建成的那天。where地点状语 这就是我去年学习的地方。why原因状语 请告诉我你迟到的原因。二、分析与应用根据句意填入恰当的词。1.[2024·安徽中考改编]There can be some trouble at the beginning, things will turn out well in the end.2.[2024·甘肃中考改编]Many students lose marks simply they do not read the questions carefully.3.[2024·福建中考改编]You will feel better you take a walk in the park just for 20 minutes.4.[2024·安徽中考改编]—Could you tell us we can start a conversation with a foreigner —Talking about weather is a good choice.5.[2024·贵阳中考改编]Boys and girls, did you hear I said 6.[2024·山东滨州]—Nowadays, many children fall in love with paper cutting.—That’s true. It can express their own fantastic ideas but also improve their hands-on ability.7.[2024·河北中考改编]Jeff still works hard he has achieved great success.8.[2024·甘肃定西中考改编]Life is like a horse, and either you ride it it rides you.9.[2024·江苏扬州中考改编]Teenagers don't always understand their parents have so many rules.10.[2024·黑龙江大庆中考改编]Between classes, I would try to review what I had learned I understood it.11.[2024·内蒙古赤峰中考改编]Kitty was a homeless cat that I found on the street one rainy night. She was wet, hungry and frightened, and she looked at me she was begging(祈求)for help.12.[2024·陕西中考改编]We need to understand ourselves better we can make wiser decisions.13.[2024·四川德阳中考改编]Every day, you can check to see you have anything to do, and if you do, you can get prepared as soon as possible.14.[2024·吉林长春中考改编]As a science lover, I hope I can invent a bike can fly in the sky.15.[2024·黑龙江哈尔滨]John is a 20-year-old university student. His parents live in another city, he has to look after his grandpa alone.
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