中考英语语法专题---现在完成时态专题讲解 课件 (共79张PPT)

(共79张PPT)
现在完成时
The Present Perfect Tense
用法
(一)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在的造成影响或结果.常用的时间状语有already, yet, ever, never, just, before等.
完成时第一讲
一)构成:
have/has+动词过去分词
句式构成
1.肯定句:
S(主语）+have/has(助动词）+PP(过去分词)+(其他）。
Sb. have/has done sth.
1.Tom 洗完衣服了。
Tom has washed the clothes.
2.他们已经开完会了。
They have had the meeting.
3.我写完信了。
I have finished writing the letter.
4.Lily 已经打扫房间了。
Lily has cleaned the room.
5.我们看过这部电影了。
We have watched the movie.
1.Tom 洗完衣服了。
2.他们已经开完会了。
2. 否定句:
have not=haven’t has not =hasn’t
Sb. haven’t/hasn’t done sth.
2. 否定句:
S ( 主语)+have/has+not +PP(过去分词)+(其他）。
把这些句子变成否定句。
1.Tom has washed the clothes.
2.They have had the meeting.
3.I have finished writing the letter.
4.Lily has cleaned the room.
5.We have watched the movie.
Tom hasn’t washed the clothes.
They haven’t had the meeting.
I haven’t finished writing the letter.
Lily hasn’t cleaned the room.
We haven’t watched the movie.
1.Lucy 还没参观过长城。
Lucy hasn’t visited the Great Wall.
2.我们 还没谈论这件事。
We haven’t talked about the thing.
3.我还没完成这个工作。
I haven’t finished the work.
4.他还没回到北京。
He hasn’t returned to Beijing.
3.一般疑问句
Have/has+ S (主语)+PP(过去分词)+(其他）
Yes, S+have/has.
No, S+haven’t/hasn’t.
Have/has sb. done sth
将下列句子变成一般疑问句。
1.Lucy has visited the Great Wall.
Has Lucy visited the Great Wall
2.We have talked about the thing.
Have you talked about the thing
3.I have finished the work.
Have you finished the work
4.He has returned to Beijing.
Has he returned to Beijing
Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t.
Yes,we have. No, we haven’t.
Yes, I have.No,I haven’t.
Yes, he has . No ,he hasn’t
1.你洗脸了吗？
2.他们浇花了吗？
3.John 看过这本书吗？
4.你们 学过这个单词吗？
Have you washed your face
Have they watered the flowers
Has John read the book
Have you learned the word
现在完成时用法（一）
常用的时间状语有：
already, yet, ever, never, just, before等，这些
时间状语的用法和区别如下
1.Already
※用于肯定句: 句中(行动前，be动后)意为“己经”。偶尔用于句尾表示强调，但很少见
有时用于一般疑问句: 句末(表示惊讶的语气)
“难道” 但初中阶段涉及不到
Eg. I’ve already had breakfast. (更常见)
= I’ve had breakfast already.(表示强调)
Have you had breakfast already
2. yet在现在完成时中的用法
否定句:句末 “还(没)”
疑问句: 句末 “己经”
Eg. I haven’t had breakfast yet.
Have you had breakfast yet
注: 带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变成yet放在句末.
I have already done my homework.
否定句:
一般疑问句:
I haven’t done my homework yet.
Have you done your homework yet

3. ever在现在完成时中的用法
肯定句/疑问句 : 句中 “曾经”
Eg. I’ve ever been to Beijing.
Have you ever been to Beijing
4. never在现在完成时中的用法
本身是否定意义: 句中 “从来没有”
I’ve never been to Beijing.
注: 带ever的肯定句变否定句时, 要将ever变成never; 带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No, never.”
He has ever made dumplings.
否定句:
疑问句：
Have they ever travelled by train
No, never.
He has never made dumplings.
5. just在现在完成时中的用法
用于句中, （行动前，be动后)表示“刚刚”
Eg. I’ve just had breakfast.
What have they just done
6. before在现在完成时中的用法
用于句末, 表示“以前”
I’ve seen it before.
Has she ridden a bike before

(用法二)
表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用.
完成时第二讲
1.for的用法
He has played soccer for two hours.
Now:3:00pm
Start: 1:00pm
He likes playing soccer.
He started playing soccer at 1:00 pm.
He is still playing soccer now.
成龙（ Jackie Chan ）
was born: 1954
act: 1961~ now
He has acted for 58 years.
1.for +
I have been here for 5 weeks.
He’s studied English for 3 years.
一段时间
2.since 的用法
He has played soccer
for two hours.
Now:3:00pm
Start: 1:00pm
He likes playing soccer.
He started playing soccer at 1:00 pm.
He is still playing soccer now.
He has played soccer since 1:00pm.
成龙（ Jackie Chan ）
was born: 1954
act: 1961~ now
He has acted for 58 years.
He has acted since he was 7 years old.
He has acted since 1961.
He has acted since 58 years ago.
2. since +
从句(一般过去时)


单词
(表示过去某一时间的)时间点
I have been here since 2000.
I have been here since 5 years ago.
I have been here since I graduated in 2000.
词组
注意：
一段时间+ago 是一般过去时的标志。
而since+一段时间+ago 是现在完成时的标志。
所以见到ago 一定要看前面是否有since
He started playing the piano ten years ago.
He has played the piano since ten years ago.
这样的句子可改为的同义句：
He has played the piano for ten years.
选用 for和 since填空:
1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time.
2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago.
3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes.
4.Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China.
5.His grandparents have been dead ______ several years.
6. It’s five years _______ we met last time.
for
since
for
since
for
since
下一页
上一页
主菜单
注2): 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.
I have lived here for 10 years.
How long have you lived here
She has stood here since 2 hours ago.
How long has she stood here
have been to，have gone to，
与 have been in的用法区别
have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，说话时已经回到说话地点，现在人不在那儿常与once 、twice、ever、never 等时间连用。
have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。
have been in 意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”指一种存在状态,常与一段时间连用。
上一页
下一页
主菜单
She has ever been to Nanjing。
她曾去过南京(但现在不在南京）
She has gone to Nanjing.
她已经去南京了。（在途中或已在南京）
上一页
下一页
主菜单
She has been in Naning for five days.
她已经在南京呆5天了。（人在南京，强调状态）
用Have been to, have gone to,
have been in 填空
Mike and his parents __________ the north for half a year.
Mum is not at home now. she _________ the shop.
______ you ever _____ to kunming Never.
Where _____ you ______ these days
Has Jim arrived yet
Yes, he _______ here for several days.
Where is Peter I don’t know where he ________.
Hi Jim! Where _____ you _____ Li Lei
is looking for you.
8.Mr Wang ________________London three times.
have been in
has gone to
have been
Have been
has been
has gone
have been
下一页
上一页
主菜单
has been to
注3): 短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用, 当然也不能用于how long引导的问句中.为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词”来代替短暂性动词.
(正)I have been away there for 5 years.
（误）The movie has started since 3:00
（正）The movie has been on since 3:00
Eg.(误)I have left there for 5 years.
※短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换
完成时第三讲
5.短暂动词和
延续动词转换
瞬间性动词 延续性动词
buy
borrow
come/go
go/leave
open/close
begin/start
end/finish
die
catch a cold
become interested in
get married
have
keep
be
be away (from)
be open/ be closed
be on
be over
be dead
have a cold
be interested in
be married
瞬间性动词 延续性动词
put on
get up
wake up
go to sleep/ fall asleep
join
become
get to/arrive/reach
wear
be up
be awake
be asleep
be in=
be a member of
be
be at/in
练习
他到达车站半个小时了
He has arrived at the station for half an hour( 错 )
He has been at the station for half an hour .
He _______the League since two years ago
Joined B. has joined C. has been in
The film has been on for fifteen minutes.
C
翻译：这个电影已经放映十五分钟了
翻 译 练 习：
1.我买了这块手表五年了。
2.这位老人已经死了十年了。
I have bought this watch for five years.（错）
I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago. （对）
The old man has died for ten years.（错）
The old man has been dead for ten
years/since 10 years ago.（对）
下一页
上一页
主菜单
3.他已经回来三天了。
4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。
5.我离开家乡已十年了。
He has come back for 3 days.
He has been back for 3 days/since 3
days ago.
He has come here since 6 o’clock.
He has been here since 6 o’clock.
I have left hometown for 10 years.
I have been away from hometown for 10
years.
错
错
错
下一页
上一页
主菜单
对
对
对
●但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与for或since连用。
如：I haven’t bought the bike for a year.
我买这辆自行车还不到一年。
She hasn’t come here for an hour.
她来这儿还没有一个小时。
上一页
下一页
主菜单
（一）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用；而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
一般过去时的常用时间状语：yesterday, last week, ago, in 1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语；
而现在完成时的常用时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now 等，一般为一段时间。
He has lived in Beijing since 1999.
自1999年以来他一直住在北京。
（说明他现在仍然在北京。）
He lived in Bejing in 1999.
在1999年的时候他在北京住过。
（现在是否住在北京不知道）
1.他昨天去北京了。
2.他去北京两天了。
He went to Beijing yesterday.
（现在是否住在北京不知道）
He has been in Beijing for two days.
（说明他现在仍然在北京。）
汤姆回来了。
2. 汤姆昨天回来了。
3. 汤姆回来一个多星期了。
Tom has come back.
Tom has been back for over a week.
Tom came back yesterday.
eg：He has bought an English-Chinese
dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。
He bought an English-Chinese
dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。
上一页
下一页
第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典” 。
第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强
调说明。
主菜单
1. 你今天下午什么时候离开学校的？
2.你离开学校多久了？
When did you leave school this afternoon
How long have you been away from school
1.. 他在1998年买了这辆自行车。
2.他自从来到我们学校就买了这辆自行车。
He bought the bike in 1998.
He has had the bike since he came to our school.
1. 上个月我借了这本书。
2.这本书我借了一个月了。
I borrowed the book last month.
I have kept the book for a month.
二．当有一个表示过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时:
上一页
下一页
eg: I saw the film on television yesterday .
但since(自…以来)+某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用。
eg： They have known each other since 1950 .
Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.
主菜单
现在完成时的特殊句式
一、It is +一段时间+since+句子(一般过去时)
=It has been+一段时间+since+句子（一般过去时）
=一段时间+has passed +since + 句子(一般过去时)
Eg. It is five years since I joined the army.
=It has been five years since I joined the army.
=Five years has passed since I joined the army.
练习
自从我来到这已经两天
It is two days since I came here
Two days has passed since
I came here
It has been two days since I came here.
电影开始五分钟了。
The film has been on for five minutes.
The film has been on since five minutes ago.
It has been five minutes since the film began/started.
It is five minutes since the film began/started .
The film began five minutes ago.
.
下一页
上一页
主菜单
他入党五年了。
He has been in the Party for five years.
He has been in the Party since five years ago.
It has been five years since he joined the Party.
It is five years since he joined the Party.
He joined the Party five years ago
二、It is the first / second time that …
在这个结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
This is the first time I’ve heard him sing.
This is the second time that she has seen the movie.
It is the third time that Tom has seen the old man.
This is + 形容词最高级 + that…
在这种结构中，that从句要用现在完成时。如：
This is the best film that I’ve ever seen.
This is the most interesting book that she has read.
上一页
现在完成时练习
主菜单
动 词 填 空：
1._____ you ________(clean) the room
Yes, we __________(do) that already.
When _______ you ______(do) it
We _______(do) it an hour ago.
2.______ he ______(see) this film yet Yes.
When _____ he _____(see) it
He ______ it last week.
3. How many times _____you______(be) there
Have
cleaned
have done
did
do
did
Has
seen
did
see
saw
have
been
下一页
上一页
主菜单
4. I __________ (read) the novel twice. It’s interesting.
5. She _________(go) to Pairs, hasn’t she Yes.
How ______ she _______(go) there
She _______(go) there by air.
6. So far, many countries _______________(develop)
their software programs.
7.Mr Chen ______(give)up smoking last year.
8.Mr Chen __________(give) up smoking since last year.
have read
has gone
did
go
went
have developed
gave
has given
下一页
上一页
主菜单
改 错
1. How long have you begun to study English
2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.
3. The river has become very dirty since last August.
4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business.
5. He has gone out for two years.
studied
kept
been
gone
been
下一页
上一页
主菜单
The house is dirty. We _______it for weeks.
A didn’t clean B hadn’t cleaned C don’t clean D haven’t cleaned
2. ---- I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
----Oh, not at all. I _____here only a few minutes.
A have been B had been C was D will be
3. You don’t need to describe her. I _______ her several times.
A. had met B have met C met D meet
4. -----Will you go to Beijing for vacation
-----I _______ to go , but I don’t know if I can go .
A was planning B have planned
C had been planning D have been planning
6. --When will they leave
---They ______very soon .
A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave
7 --Was he studying for an exam
--Yes , he's ____ it last week.
A doing B to take C making D to give
8.The teacher told the pupils that the earth ____ round.
A is B would C was D were
9. She _______ such an interesting book before.
A was never reading B will never read
C had never read D has never read
翻译下列句子：
1. 你曾经吃过沙拉吗？
2. 我刚刚丢了我的语文书。
3. 我以前从来没去过那个公园。
4. 他已经吃过午饭了。
4.He has already had lunch.
1.Have you eatten salad
2.I have just lost my Chinese book.
3 I have never been to that park.
5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？
6. 我哥哥还没回来。
7. 我自从上星期看过这部电影
7 I have seen this movie since last week.
5 Have you seen this movie yet
6 My brother has not returned.
8. 自从1992年他住在这里。
9.这本字典我已买了三年了。
10.他离开中国三年了
10 He has been away from China for three years
8 He has lived here since 1992.
I have had this dictionary for three years.
改 错
1. The film has stopped for an hour. .
2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.
3. Kitty has bought a book since last week.
4. Our manager isn’t in today. He has been to Guangzhou.
been over
kept
gone
下一页
上一页
主菜单
had
用have /has been to和have / has gone to填空
1.— Hi，Lucy， you ever Beijing？
— No，I .
2.— What about your sister，Lily？
— Oh，she Chengdu
she will come back next week.
— Ok，thanks.
— You’re welcome.
have
haven’t
has gone to
been to
用have/has been to, have/has been in或have/has gone to填空
--- Where is your brother
--- He ____________ the shop. He’ll be back soon.
2. --- ____ you ever ___________ America
--- Yes, I _____________ New York twice.
3. --- Here you are at last! Where _____ you ______
--- I ____________ London for two months.
--- When did you come back, then
--- I came back only this morning.
4. We _________ this class since last week.
5. --- How long _______ you _______ China
--- Two years.
6. --- David __________ Australia.
--- I’m sure he’s already arrived.
has gone to
Have
been to
have been to
have
been
have been to
have been in
have
been in
has gone to
II. 将下列句子中的动词改为现在完成时.
John is drawing a picture.
I write my name on the4 card.
Tom blows out the light.
The cat drinks its milk.
The tree falls across the road.
My parents give me a present.
John has drawn a picture.
I have written my name on the card.
Tom has blown out the light.
The cat has drunk its milk.
The tree has fallen across the road.
My parents have given me a present.
1. I _____ my plane ticket, but I can’t find it.
will buy B. would buy C. have bought
D. have buyed
2. Everything is all right; nothing _____.
is happened B. was happened
C. will be happened D. has happened
3. They can’t buy a computer because they _____ all their money.
are spending B. have spent C. spend
D. will spend
C
D
B
用动词的适当形式填空（注意时态）
1.--How do you like the film
--I ____________(not see) such a moving film
before.
2.Millie’s sister _______(join) the club last week.
So she _________(be) in the club for nearly one week.
haven’t seen
joined
has been
4.My father__________(give) up ________(smoke).
He doesn’t _________(smoke) now.
5.The Green family_____________(not come) back
yet from the cinema.
They______(go) to see a film one hour ago.
6.You________________(not visit) your son for a
long time.
has given
smoking
smoke
haven’t come
went
haven’t visited
1.She has known Sam______ nine years.
(for , never , since)
2.They have______arrived.
(ever , just , yet)
3.Have you_____ ridden a horse
(ever , for , yet)
4.She has known Fred______ they were
at primary school.
(already , just , since)
5.We have not completed the
project_____. (already , for , yet)
for
just
ever
since
yet
1. 去年我去了苏州。
We went to Suzhou last year.
2. 我每天早上7：00起床。
I get up at 7:00 every day.
3. 下个星期我要去看望我的老师。
I am going to visit my teacher next week.
4. 看！那边有个女孩在哭。
Look! The girl is crying over there.
5. 汤姆去过北京2次了。
Tom has been to Beijing twice.
6. 他住在那儿已经有十年了。
He has lived there for ten year.
写出下列动词的过去分词形式.
wake ______ 2. teach ______
3. sell ________ 4. see ________
5. ride _______ 6. pay _____
7. choose ______ 8. throw _____
9. think _______ 10. eat _____
11. drive ______ 12. catch ______
13. bring ______ 14. break ______
15. give _______ 16. get _________
17. know _______ 18. open _______
19. write _______ 20. forget ________
woken taught
sold seen
ridden paid
chosen thrown
thought ate
driven caught
brought broken
given got\gotten
known opened
written forgotten