专题一 名词
,中考五年命题规律及趋势
编者按:系统分析遵义近4年试题,重点是单 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )项选择、完形填空、词语运用题,逐命题点统计考查频次,表格直观呈现,并在各命题后批注考情,便于快速把握重点,逐一攻克。
考纲要求 1.可数名词及其单复数 2.不可数名词 3.专用名词 4.名词所有格
考查点 年份 题号 选项设置 分值
名词词义辨析
2015
24 two boxes of apple/two glass of water/two__bowls__of__porridge 1分
41 small tree/seed/big__tree 1.5分
2014
25 a lot of money/fingers/of toes/a whole body 1分
28 an advice/many advices/some__advice 1分
48 cake/money/food 1.5分
2013
23 A lot/A half/A__quarter 1分
27 Tom and Jim/Tom__and__Jim's/Tom's and Jim's 1分
42 teacher/doctor/worker 1分
2012
24 the loser/the player/the__winner 1分
27 men teacher/women__teachers/women teacher 1分
50 love/friendship/beauty 1.5分
44 health/healthy/healthily 1.5分
名词词义辨析
2015
72 trouble→trouble 1分
76 decide→decision 1分
78 communicate→communication 1分
85 influence→influence 1分
86 her twin sister→her__twin__sister's 1分
87 sheeps→sheep 1分
2013
76 turn→turning 1分
78 act→actors 1分
86 glass→glasses 1分
2014
78 French→Frenchmen 1分
84 difficult→difficulty 1分
90 Betty→Betty's 1分
2012
79 tomato——tomato 1.5分
80 active——activities 1分
分析遵义近5年中考真题可以看出,名词为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )单项选择题的必考点,且近两年偏向名词词义在语境中的辨析,句子设置的语境贴近学生生活实际。对名词单复数的考查会和词义辨析结合,注重对语境的考查。对名词所有格的考查也会和单复数结合,侧重于不规则变化的名词复数。设题形式均为简单句。另外,完型填空和语篇填空、单词拼写及改错题中也会涉及对名词的考查,完型填空侧重考查名词的词义辨析,而语篇填空、单词拼写及改错题则侧重对名词单复数及所有格的考查。
预计2016年遵义中考的单项选择仍会考查名 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词词义辨析题。完形填空也会涉及1~2道名词词义辨析题。语篇填空,单词拼写及改错题中考查名词变复数的可能性较大,也考查动词或形容词转换为名词。
,遵义中考重难点突破
名词名词的
分类专有名词
普通名词可数名词个体名词
集体名词
不可数名词物质名词
抽象名词
名词
的数可数名词单数
复数规则变化
不规则变化
不可数名词
名词的所有格's所有格的构成及用法
of所有格的构成及用法
双重所有格
名词的句法作用名词作主语、宾语、表语
名词作定语、同位语、
补语、状语
名词辨析
【考点抢测】
( )1.It's your ________ as a teacher to protect your students.
A.duty B.hobby C.habit
( )2.Jennife ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r takes a lot of exercise every day and she is always full of ________.
A.knowledge B.energy C.change
( )3.The Internet ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is very useful. We can get a lot of ________ from it.
A.things B.troubles C.information
( )4.I will stay at ________ when the summer holiday come.
A.house B.home C.family
( )5.It's kind of you to offer your ________ to the old in the bus.
A.seat B.space C.place
( )6.—I'm sorry I went out for a smoke.I was so tired.
—There's no ________ for this while you are at work.
A.cause B.reason C.excuse
( )7.The environ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ment is getting worse and worse,so we have to face this ________ right now.
A.question B.problem C.issue
【满分点拨】
分析遵义中考近几年单选和完形对名词辨析的考查,主要以语境辨析为主,也涉及双名词复数及名词所有格的考查。
1.语境辨析
分析遵义中考近几年单选和完形,名词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )辨析侧重于对语境辨析的考查,同时较少涉及单复数、固定搭配。学生在做题时,首先应读懂句意,抓住题干中关键信息,并分析各个选项的意思。
2.近义词辨析
近义名词在遵义中考中只涉及到一题(message,news,information),老师可根据情况适当补充。
1.family,home,house与room(具体用法见P23)
2.noise,sound与voice(具体用法见P91)
3.question与problem(具体用法见P44)
4.work与job
5.message,information与news(具体用法见P44)
6.population与people
7.road,street,path与way
8.exercise,exercises与practice
9.police与policeman
10.trip,journey,travel与tour
名词的数
【考点抢测】
一、单词拼写
1.The students of Grad ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e 7 visited Mike's farm and saw many ________ there.(sheep)
2.All the ________ teachers in our school enjoyed themselves on March 8th because it was their own holiday.(woman)
3.I'm going ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to the supermarket to buy some milk and ________ this afternoon.(apple)
4.Is that pair of ________ a little cheaper?(glass)
5.These shoes are too big for my ________.(foot)
二、 单项选择
( )6.Hurry up,we j ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ust get a few ________ to prepare for the presentation.
A.minute B.minutes C.chance
( )7.I gave a bunch(束) of ________ to my mom on Mother's Day.
A.flowers B.flower C.flour
( )8.—Mum,I've hea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rd that we can't eat ________ these days. Is it true
—Take it easy. It is safe to eat cooked meat.
A.chicken B.chickens C.a chicken
( )9.—Are there any ________ in your school
—Yes,there are.
A.Germen B.Germans C.German
( )10.—Do you have any ________?
—Yes,I like chess and drama best.
A.jobs B.job C.hobbies
【满分点拨】
1.可数名词单复数变化规律
情况 构成方法 例词
一般情况 加 s cap→caps;dog→dogs
以字母s,sh,ch,x等结尾 加 es bus→buses;wish→wishes;watch→watches;box→boxes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i,再加 es lady→ladies;century→centuries;family→families;story→stories
以f或fe结尾 一般变f,fe为v,再加 es leaf→leaves;life→lives;half→halves;knife→knives
以o结尾 o前为辅音音素时加 es,o前为元音音素时加 s。 tomato→tomatoes;hero→heroes;例外,photo→photos;radio→radios;piano→pianos
复合名词
将后一个词变为复数 tooth brush→tooth brushes;film goer→film goers
两部分都变复数 man doctor→men doctors;woman teacher→women teachers
特殊名词
改变内部元音字母 foot→feet;tooth→teeth;man→men;mouse→mice
词尾加 ren child→children
单复数同形 Chinese→Chinese;sheep→sheep;deer→deer
2.常见不可数名词归纳及用法
(1)常见的不可数名词
物质名词
食物 bread面包 meat肉 cheese奶酪
液体 milk牛奶 water水 wine酒 oil油
自然物体 soil土壤 sand沙子 wood木头
抽象名词
情感 joy高兴 friendship友情 peace和平
学科 math数学 geography地理physics物理 chemistry化学
概念 population人口 knowledge知识
(2)不可数名词量化的表示
不可数名词的多少可用以下词组来表示:
a block of一块
a bottle of一瓶
a group of一群
a pair of一组,一双,一对
a piece of一片(张,块)
a pile of一堆
短语a pair(piece)of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )+复数名词作主语时,中心词是pair(piece),故谓语动词用单数;若短语是two pairs(pieces)of+复数名词作主语,则中心词是two pairs,谓语动词用复数。
名词所有格
【考点抢测】
1.One of my ________ homework wasn't handed in today.(classmate)
2.—When is ________ Day
—It's on June 1st,Dave.(child)
( )3.—How far is your home from school
—It's about two ________ walk.
A.hours B.hours'
C.hour's
( )4.On the weekend ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),________ is so crowded that I can not find my friend.
A.the center of the city
B.city's center
C.city's and center's
( )5.Mary is ________,so please treat her as yours.
A.a friend of me B.a friend of mine
C.a friend of you
【满分点拨】
含有and的所有格
(1)用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示两人共同拥有某物,用A and B's表示。
(2)用and连接两个并列名词,表示分别拥有各自的物品时,用A's and B's表示。
双重所有格两种形式:
①of+名词所有格。
②of+名词性物主代词。
A friend of my brother's.我哥哥的一个朋友。
A daughter of yours你的一个女儿