外研版（2019）选择性必修三 Unit 3 War and peace Developing ideas 课件（共60张PPT）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修三 Unit 3 War and peace Developing ideas 课件（共60张PPT） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-01-10 12:18:42 | ||
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(共60张PPT)
Unit 3
War and peace
Developing ideas
BY MICHELLE
Reading
01
Lead in
Guess which university it is.
A lot of famous graduates once studied in this university.
Yang Zhenning
Li Zhengdao
Deng Jiaxian
Some prominent professors ever taught in this university.
It was founded by 3 universities (PKU, THU, & NKU) and lasted for only 8 years.
Zhu Ziqing
Qian Zhongshu
Hua Luogeng
Liang Sicheng
Lianda
National Southwest Associated University
Pre-reading
Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
What kind of university do you think it is What do you know about it
How is it different from today’s universities
What kind of university do you think it is What do you know about it
How is it different from today’s universities
As I know, it is a university that came into being under extremely poor conditions during the War of Resistance against Japan. I also learn that it produced many of China’s most outstanding scientists and intellectuals.
Not like today’s most universities, Lianda was made up of three established universities — that’s how it got its name.
Prediction
What aspects of Lianda will be mentioned
The reason of setting up Lianda.
The famous professors and talented students.
The development of Lianda.
The contributions of Lianda.
The everlasting spirits of Lianda.
√
√
√
√
Now read the passage and find out what is so special about Lianda.
While-reading
Read for structure
Para.___
Para.___
Para.___
1-2
3-5
6-7
To introduce the topic --- the establishment of Lianda.
To give more information about Lianda
( hardships, academic achievements and contributions).
To stress the everlasting spirit of Lianda.
establishment of Lianda
information about Lianda
spirit of Lianda
Lianda
Read for general idea
Choose the ideas that are conveyed in the passage. Find evidence to support your choices.
1. Lianda was the best university in Chinese history.
2. The story of Lianda shows Chinese intellectuals’ academic pursuit and
patriotism.
3. Only under difficult circumstances can students succeed.
4. Lianda has nurtured many outstanding scholars.
5. Lianda was a great success only because it had prominent professors
and talented students.
6. People today still admire the spirit of Lianda.
Read for details
Part 1：The establishment of Lianda
What’s the definition of “war”
For most of the great thinkers, their academic struggles have often been romantically referred as being like “war”, which has been purely symbolic.
Real war is never romantic as it brings suffering and immense challenges.
Part 1：The establishment of Lianda
Time Universities Reason
In 1937
Peking University, Tsinghua
University, Nankai Universiy
To save their educational and
Intellectual heritage
Lianda:
National
Southwestern
Associated
University
Part 2：Information about Lianda
hardships
What difficulties did the professors and students encounter？
What made the nations intellectual heritage not only Guarded but also fortified？
What kind of spirit drove students to join the army to resist
the Japanese invaders
academic achievements
contributions
hardships
journey
conditions
life and study
an epic journey
more than 2000 kilometres
most of them on foot
“中国教育史上最伟大的长征”
live in rough buildings
dire shortages of food, books, and equipment
classes were frequently disrupted
a strong spirit of perseverance
academic achievements
2 are nobel prize winners
5 are our national science and technology award winners
8 are the key persons of the “Two bombs. One satellite” project
9 are party and state leaders
More than 100 became famous teachers and masters and a large number of them are world renowned pillars
passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda
contributions
A great many students at Lianda joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation. In fact, Lianda provided the largest number of student-soldiers from any campus in China.
a sense of commitment / dedication
许先生从事文学翻译工作长达六十多年，在国内外出版中、英、法文著译数本，包括《诗经》《楚辞》《李白诗选》《西厢记》《红与黑》《包法利夫人》《追忆似水年华》等中外名著，被誉为“诗译英法唯一人”。
查良铮是穆旦先生的本名，于1940毕业于西南联大外文系。他有个叔伯兄弟叫查良镛，也就是大名鼎鼎的武侠小说家金庸。
作为诗人的穆旦现在被推为现代诗歌第一人，一首《哀国难》惊醒了无数同胞。
从 1954 年开始，他用业余时间进行诗歌翻译工作并署名查良铮，翻译了普希金、济慈、雪莱等诗人经典作品，并被认为是“迄今为止中国诗歌翻译史成就最大的一人”。
Zha Liangzheng
查良铮
Xu Yuanchong
许渊冲
SOFTLY, ON THE HILLSIDE FORGOTEN BY ALL,
A MISTY RAIN FALLS IN A GENTLE BREEZE;
THERE IS NO TRACE OF THE FOOTPRINTS OF HISTOY;
WHERE BRAVE SOULS ONCE STOOD, BREATHING NEW LIFE INTO THE TREES.
Read the poem with emotion.
What is your understanding of the poem written by Zha Liangzheng
Part 3：The spirit of Lianda
A product of the war, Lianda is now physically gone. But it has become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities, not only because of its prominent professors and talented students, but also because of the school’s strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.
The 80th anniversary of its founding
Deep thinking
The Spirit of Lianda
a sense of commitment
passion and belief of the worthy academic
a strong spirit of peserverance
never give up
hard-working
The love of CPC and motherland
(爱党爱国)
down-to-earth
As a teenager, how can you apply the spirit of Lianda into your study and life
Similes and metaphors are two commonly used，but easy to confuse，figures of speech. Similes compare and show similarities in typically different things. Similes usually use connecting words such as like ，as ，so and resemble . For example，He is as cool as a cucumber . Unlike similes，metaphors make direct comparisons without using connecting words. For example，She has a heart of a lion .
Here are some examples of similes and metaphors:
Life is like a box of chocolates.
My life is an open book.
That baby is as cute as a button!
Baby, you’re a firework.
Simile
Metaphor
Simile
Metaphor
1 Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky, …
2 They had to live in rough buildings, packed 40 to a room, like sardines.
Find out what figures of speech are used in the sentences and discuss how they help to express the author’s emotions.
Metaphor is used in this sentence. It helps to describe how difficult it was for professors and students in the three universities to make the journey.
Simile is used in this sentence. It helps to express the hardships and challenges that they went through.
Post-reading
What difficulties did the professors and students of Lianda encounter How did they deal with these
They had to travel a long distance to reach Lianda. Throughout the journey, they had no accommodation and had to survive extreme conditions. Also, the conditions in Lianda itself were very harsh. They did not have enough food and studied in rough buildings. Furthermore, their study was often interrupted by air attacks. They had to adapt to these challenges, for instance, by holding their classes when they were not likely to be bombed.
What contribution did Lianda make to the education of the nation
In what ways is the theme of war and peace presented differently in the two reading passages in this unit
Many of China’s leading scholars and scientists came from Lianda, including two Nobel Prize winners. Lianda’s spirit has become the blueprint for all universities in China in the modern era.
The passage on the D-Day landings focuses on war as a military operation, and on how dead soldiers are memorialised. The passage on Lianda focuses on how war affected China’s students and academics, and how they were able to achieve excellence in spite of the great difficulties.
Give a talk about the spirit of Lianda.
1 Discuss the questions below.
How can you describe the spirit of Lianda
What examples support your ideas
What can you learn from the story of Lianda
Strong，persistent，determined and outstanding.
Despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges，they never gave up their dreams. Many of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda.
From the story，we can learn to face difficulties bravely and pursue the truth persistently.
2 Complete the diagram with your ideas and the examples that support them.
Give your talk to the class.
Throughout history，the great thinkers of the world have often rather romantically referred to their academic struggles as being like “war”. 纵观历史，世界上伟大的思想家们常常以一种浪漫的说法把他们的学术之争比喻为“战争”。
academic adj. 学术的；学业的
an academic career 学术生涯
academic subjects/qualifications学科 / 学术资历
the start of the new academic year 新学年的开始
Being unable to use a computer makes it more difficult for him to do
his academic research. 不会使用电脑使他的学术研究更加困难。
【单词积累】
academy n. 研究院；学会；专科学院
单句语法填空
（1）Perhaps you are not __________ academic person but you see the same kind of attitude in other areas.
完成句子
（2）The students return in September for the start of ____________________________ （新学年）.
（3）He’s been informed that he doesn’t qualify for the scholarship because of his ________________________（学术背景）.
an
the new academic year
academic background
Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky，often lit up by exploding Japanese bombs. 他们以尘土飞扬的道路为床，以开阔的、经常被日军的炸弹照亮的天空为屋顶。
light up 照亮；变得明亮；（使）流露出喜悦/ 兴奋
【注意】
（ 1）light 的过去式或过去分词有两种形式 lighted 或 lit，但在通常情况下lit 比lighted 用得更多。
（ 2）若转化成形容词，作表语时常用 lit，而作定语时常用 lighted。
The match is lit. 火柴点燃了。
He was holding a lighted match. 他手里拿着根点燃的火柴。
单句语法填空
（1）There was an explosion and the whole sky_______________（light） up.
（2）As the screen lit __________，he typed in his password.
（3）Lily was frightened，with the ____________（light） match in her hand.
完成句子
（4）She drew back the curtain，and a brilliant sun__________（照亮） their rooms.
（5）看到礼物的时候罗茜满脸兴奋。
Rosie’s whole face ____________with excitement when she saw the presents.
lit/lighted
up
lighted
lit up
lit up
It is no wonder that many，if not most，of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda... 难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身……
emerge v. 出现
The moon emerged from behind the clouds. 月亮从云层后露了出来。
She finally emerged from her room at noon.中午，她终于从屋里出来了。
We emerged into bright sunlight. 我们来到明媚的阳光下。
【单词积累】
emergence n. 出现；显现
emergency n. 紧急情况，不测事件
in an emergency 在紧急情况下
in case of emergency 万一遇到紧急情况
单句语法填空
（1）She was worrying about him when he___________（emerge） from the lake.
（2）In case of __________（emerge），press the button and break the glass.
（3）We tend to overlook some significant events that emerged _______ the net until months later.
（4）Language emerges and develops with the_____________（emerge） and development of society.
emerged
emergency
from
emergence
It is no wonder that many，if not most，of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda... 难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身……
It is no wonder (that)... ……不足为奇，难怪……
【归纳拓展】
No wonder（that）...=It is no wonder that... 难怪……
It is a wonder（that）... 令人惊奇的是……
No wonder that she misunderstood him. His spoken English is poor.
It’s a wonder that no one got hurt in the accident.
单句语法填空
（1）_________was no wonder Lucy was so upset. She failed maths.
（2）It is no wonder ___________ many retired people are escaping from crowded cities.
完成句子
（3）He is the cleverest and works hardest.
_________________________________________（难怪）he is always getting first place in his class.
（4）__________________（令人惊奇的是） he could finish such a hard task in such a short time.
It
that
It is no wonder（that）/No wonder（that）
It is a wonder that
On windy days，we had to hold down the paper on the desk...在刮风的日子里，我们不得不把纸按在桌子上……
hold down 控制住，固定住；抑制（价格等）的上升；保住（工作、职位）
It took three men to hold him down.
The rate of inflation must be held down.
He was unable to hold down a job after his breakdown.
【归纳拓展】
hold on 等会儿；别挂断电话；坚持下去
hold on to 守住，保住；紧紧抓住
hold back 阻挡；控制；隐瞒
hold out 伸出（手）；维持，坚持
hold up 举起，支撑；耽搁，阻碍
hold together（使）团结，（使）不分裂
单句语法填空
（1）A strong wind blew and he immediately held ________ the book in front of him.
（2）The method helps hold _________ the prices of imports，for such things as oil and food.
（3）I will hold on _______ my dream and never give it up.
（4）No one can hold ________ the wheel of history.
（5）I’d thought I could hold ________till my dentist came back from holiday，but the pain
was really unbearable.
（6）The roof is held ________ by wood.
down
down
to
back
out
up
In 2017，representatives from Peking University...gathered to commemorate the 80th anniversary of its founding. 2017 年，北京大学……的代表们齐聚一堂，共同纪念联大建校80 周年。
representative n. 代表 adj. 典型的；有代表性的
搭配：be representative of 代表……的
a representative of the UN 联合国代表
a union representative 工会代表
【单词积累】
represent v. 代表；表示，象征；描绘，展示
单句语法填空
（1）Is a questionnaire answered by 500 people truly________________ （represent） of the population as a whole
（2）He is the ideal person ______________（represent）our class.
完成句子
（3）Do remember that you are the people’s _____________________（选出的代表）and you ____________________________（代表） the people.
representative
to represent
elected representative
represent/are representative of
Writing
02
Writing about a war hero
Watch the video, and tell what a war hero is.
A war hero is a person who is admired for bravery in war.
Read the introduction to Yang Jingyu and answer the questions.
Yang Jingyu，an anti-Japanese hero，was born in Henan Province in 1905. He joined the Communist Party of China（CPC）in 1927. In 1937 Yang became leader of the North-east Anti-Japanese United Army and fought a guerrilla war against the Japanese invaders.
In 1938，the Japanese army offered a large sum of money for Yang’s head and a large number of troops surrounded his men. In early 1940，facing a critical lack of supplies，Yang decided to let his men break through in small groups，but his own section of 60 men was betrayed to the Japanese. After these men were killed，Yang fought on alone for five days. He was eventually tracked down on 23 February by a large unit of Japanese troops. He killed more than 20 Japanese soldiers before dying in a hail of machine gunfire. When the Japanese cut open his body，they discovered only tree bark，cotton and grass roots，but not a single grain of rice in his stomach.
Yang’s death was a huge blow to his loyal troops，but they turned sorrow into anger and continued to fight fiercely against the invaders. After the People’s Republic of China（PRC）was established，Yang was reburied with full military honours，in Tonghua，Jilin Province.
Who was Yang Jingyu
Why did Yang decide to let small groups of his men break through the encirclement
What did the Japanese find when they killed Yang
How would you describe Yang’s spirit in your own words
Yang Jingyu was an anti-Japanese hero, who died in a fight against Japanese troops.
Because at that time there was a critical lack of supplies.
They found only tree bark, cotton and grass roots, instead of rice in his stomach.
Yang Jingyu’s heroic spirit of killing himself rather than surrender moves us most. He never yielded to the aggressors and fought to the death. In order to safeguard national dignity， Yang Jingyu led his troops to fight bloody battles，setting an example to the Chinese people to fight the enemy with loyalty and courage，and showing the Chinese people’s heroic spirit of not fearing violence and resolute determination to save the country in front of Japanese invaders.
The structure of the passage
A war hero
Major events about
Yang Jingyu
A brief introduction
to Yang Jingyu
People’s opinions of
Yang Jingyu
Introduction
Main body
Conclusion
Talk about other war heroes and choose one to write about. Organise your ideas by completing the notes below. Do more research if necessary.
Writing about a war hero
此类作文是记叙文的一种，以人物为中心组织材料，围绕人物来写。
第一段中应简要进行人物介绍，包括人物基本信息；第二段应进一步描述人物性格特点、主要事件，说明此人值得尊敬/爱戴/学习的地方。文章结尾还应说明人们对该人物的印象或评价。
写此类文章之前先列出文中要提到的人物的主要信息，以及备用的描述性词语。人物描写重在描述，描述时应准确生动、详略得当、层次分明、主体完整。
1. 确定文体：以人物描写为主，可辅以叙述和评论。
2. 主体时态：文章以一般过去时或一般现在时为主。
3. 主体人称：第三人称。
4. 内容要点：①人物简介；②人物事迹；③人物成就；④人物评价及其他。
5. 可有选择性地对人物进行肖像描写、语言描写、动作描写、心理描写或神态描写等等。
【注意事项】
此类短文虽属于描述性写作范畴，但写作内容涉及描写、叙述和议论等多个方面，在写此类英语短文时应注意以下两点：
1. 介绍人物基本信息。正如本题题目所要求，文章宜开门见山，对所描写的人物进行总体介绍。文中还应遵循一定的时间和逻辑顺序来介绍人物的主要事迹。尽管人物描写可以从外貌、心理、行动等多方面展开，但“以事写人”依然是此类短文写作中应遵循的基本思路。
2. 主题鲜明，重点突出。在人物描写（characterization）中，具体生动的描写能够“再现”人物的性格特点和思想感情，使得读者印象深刻，甚至如见其人。这就要求写作时精挑细选、合理编排，围绕主线选取人物的典型事迹和代表性话语等等，在有限的篇幅内进行重点描写，实现效果的最大化。
背景：
... was born in / into a poor / rich family in ..., when ... was young, spent one’s childhood in ...
外貌：
beautiful, pretty, good-looking, ordinary-looking, handsome, strong, fat, thin
品质和个性：
kind, determined, gentle, considerate, optimistic, easy-going, warm-hearted, hard-working, responsible, patient, helpful, friendly, generous
爱好：
be good at, have a gift for, be interested in, be fond of, be crazy about
教育背景：
graduated from, got a ... degree, majored in, studied hard at, took an active part in class
经历和事迹：
devote oneself to do sth., with great determination and perseverance, fight for, make up one’s mind to do sth., overcome many difficulties, try one’s best to do sth.
评价：
one of the best, most important, set a good example to, ... is the pride of ..., make great contributions to, be regarded as
Dong Cunrui was born into a poor peasant family in Huailai County, He Bei Province on 15 October 1929. In 1945 he joined the Eighth Route Army and in March 1947 he joined the Communist Party of China.
On 25 May 1948, the battle for the liberation of Longhua began, and the soldiers of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) flooded towards Longhua Middle School, the Headquarters of the enemy.
Six jets of fire from a bridge blocked the path of the PLA troops. The bridge was a fortress built by the enemy, and the PLA troops were stuck under a small slope.
At the critical moment, they needed a soldier to blow up the bridge and open a new road for the whole army. “Captain, let me blow it up!” Dong Cunrui said, and his request was granted. Under the cover of another soldier, he rushed to the bridge, but could not find a place to put the explosives. Dong Cunrui then lifted the explosives in his left hand, lit the blasting fuse and blew up the enemy’s fortress. In doing so, he died a hero.
The story of Dong Cunrui, who gave his life to create a way forward, has been told all over China until today, and has inspired thousands of young people to make sacrifices in defence of our country’s and people’s interests.
Presenting
ideas
03
Work in groups. Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
1 What can you see in each picture
In picture one，a distressed child is crying in front of a destroyed building.
In picture two，a dead or injured soldier is carried away by his comrades.
In picture three，there are many graves of the dead.
2 What do the pictures tell you about war
The pictures tell us the brutal nature of war.
Think about the topics and complete the table. Add examples or details to support your points. Do more research if necessary.
Why people go to war
Effects of war on people
How we can maintain peace around the world
To protect their country.
Deaths and injuries.
Solve problems peacefully.
Prepare a short presentation on one of the topics from Activity 2 or think of another relevant topic. Consider the following：
1 the structure of your presentation
2 useful words，expressions and structures
Give your presentation to the class.
Write a short passage about the spirit of Linda with 100 words.
Write an introduction to the war hero you chose.
Make improvements to each other’s writings and share them with the class.
THANKS FOR WATCHING
Unit 3
War and peace
Developing ideas
BY MICHELLE
Reading
01
Lead in
Guess which university it is.
A lot of famous graduates once studied in this university.
Yang Zhenning
Li Zhengdao
Deng Jiaxian
Some prominent professors ever taught in this university.
It was founded by 3 universities (PKU, THU, & NKU) and lasted for only 8 years.
Zhu Ziqing
Qian Zhongshu
Hua Luogeng
Liang Sicheng
Lianda
National Southwest Associated University
Pre-reading
Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
What kind of university do you think it is What do you know about it
How is it different from today’s universities
What kind of university do you think it is What do you know about it
How is it different from today’s universities
As I know, it is a university that came into being under extremely poor conditions during the War of Resistance against Japan. I also learn that it produced many of China’s most outstanding scientists and intellectuals.
Not like today’s most universities, Lianda was made up of three established universities — that’s how it got its name.
Prediction
What aspects of Lianda will be mentioned
The reason of setting up Lianda.
The famous professors and talented students.
The development of Lianda.
The contributions of Lianda.
The everlasting spirits of Lianda.
√
√
√
√
Now read the passage and find out what is so special about Lianda.
While-reading
Read for structure
Para.___
Para.___
Para.___
1-2
3-5
6-7
To introduce the topic --- the establishment of Lianda.
To give more information about Lianda
( hardships, academic achievements and contributions).
To stress the everlasting spirit of Lianda.
establishment of Lianda
information about Lianda
spirit of Lianda
Lianda
Read for general idea
Choose the ideas that are conveyed in the passage. Find evidence to support your choices.
1. Lianda was the best university in Chinese history.
2. The story of Lianda shows Chinese intellectuals’ academic pursuit and
patriotism.
3. Only under difficult circumstances can students succeed.
4. Lianda has nurtured many outstanding scholars.
5. Lianda was a great success only because it had prominent professors
and talented students.
6. People today still admire the spirit of Lianda.
Read for details
Part 1：The establishment of Lianda
What’s the definition of “war”
For most of the great thinkers, their academic struggles have often been romantically referred as being like “war”, which has been purely symbolic.
Real war is never romantic as it brings suffering and immense challenges.
Part 1：The establishment of Lianda
Time Universities Reason
In 1937
Peking University, Tsinghua
University, Nankai Universiy
To save their educational and
Intellectual heritage
Lianda:
National
Southwestern
Associated
University
Part 2：Information about Lianda
hardships
What difficulties did the professors and students encounter？
What made the nations intellectual heritage not only Guarded but also fortified？
What kind of spirit drove students to join the army to resist
the Japanese invaders
academic achievements
contributions
hardships
journey
conditions
life and study
an epic journey
more than 2000 kilometres
most of them on foot
“中国教育史上最伟大的长征”
live in rough buildings
dire shortages of food, books, and equipment
classes were frequently disrupted
a strong spirit of perseverance
academic achievements
2 are nobel prize winners
5 are our national science and technology award winners
8 are the key persons of the “Two bombs. One satellite” project
9 are party and state leaders
More than 100 became famous teachers and masters and a large number of them are world renowned pillars
passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda
contributions
A great many students at Lianda joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation. In fact, Lianda provided the largest number of student-soldiers from any campus in China.
a sense of commitment / dedication
许先生从事文学翻译工作长达六十多年，在国内外出版中、英、法文著译数本，包括《诗经》《楚辞》《李白诗选》《西厢记》《红与黑》《包法利夫人》《追忆似水年华》等中外名著，被誉为“诗译英法唯一人”。
查良铮是穆旦先生的本名，于1940毕业于西南联大外文系。他有个叔伯兄弟叫查良镛，也就是大名鼎鼎的武侠小说家金庸。
作为诗人的穆旦现在被推为现代诗歌第一人，一首《哀国难》惊醒了无数同胞。
从 1954 年开始，他用业余时间进行诗歌翻译工作并署名查良铮，翻译了普希金、济慈、雪莱等诗人经典作品，并被认为是“迄今为止中国诗歌翻译史成就最大的一人”。
Zha Liangzheng
查良铮
Xu Yuanchong
许渊冲
SOFTLY, ON THE HILLSIDE FORGOTEN BY ALL,
A MISTY RAIN FALLS IN A GENTLE BREEZE;
THERE IS NO TRACE OF THE FOOTPRINTS OF HISTOY;
WHERE BRAVE SOULS ONCE STOOD, BREATHING NEW LIFE INTO THE TREES.
Read the poem with emotion.
What is your understanding of the poem written by Zha Liangzheng
Part 3：The spirit of Lianda
A product of the war, Lianda is now physically gone. But it has become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities, not only because of its prominent professors and talented students, but also because of the school’s strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.
The 80th anniversary of its founding
Deep thinking
The Spirit of Lianda
a sense of commitment
passion and belief of the worthy academic
a strong spirit of peserverance
never give up
hard-working
The love of CPC and motherland
(爱党爱国)
down-to-earth
As a teenager, how can you apply the spirit of Lianda into your study and life
Similes and metaphors are two commonly used，but easy to confuse，figures of speech. Similes compare and show similarities in typically different things. Similes usually use connecting words such as like ，as ，so and resemble . For example，He is as cool as a cucumber . Unlike similes，metaphors make direct comparisons without using connecting words. For example，She has a heart of a lion .
Here are some examples of similes and metaphors:
Life is like a box of chocolates.
My life is an open book.
That baby is as cute as a button!
Baby, you’re a firework.
Simile
Metaphor
Simile
Metaphor
1 Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky, …
2 They had to live in rough buildings, packed 40 to a room, like sardines.
Find out what figures of speech are used in the sentences and discuss how they help to express the author’s emotions.
Metaphor is used in this sentence. It helps to describe how difficult it was for professors and students in the three universities to make the journey.
Simile is used in this sentence. It helps to express the hardships and challenges that they went through.
Post-reading
What difficulties did the professors and students of Lianda encounter How did they deal with these
They had to travel a long distance to reach Lianda. Throughout the journey, they had no accommodation and had to survive extreme conditions. Also, the conditions in Lianda itself were very harsh. They did not have enough food and studied in rough buildings. Furthermore, their study was often interrupted by air attacks. They had to adapt to these challenges, for instance, by holding their classes when they were not likely to be bombed.
What contribution did Lianda make to the education of the nation
In what ways is the theme of war and peace presented differently in the two reading passages in this unit
Many of China’s leading scholars and scientists came from Lianda, including two Nobel Prize winners. Lianda’s spirit has become the blueprint for all universities in China in the modern era.
The passage on the D-Day landings focuses on war as a military operation, and on how dead soldiers are memorialised. The passage on Lianda focuses on how war affected China’s students and academics, and how they were able to achieve excellence in spite of the great difficulties.
Give a talk about the spirit of Lianda.
1 Discuss the questions below.
How can you describe the spirit of Lianda
What examples support your ideas
What can you learn from the story of Lianda
Strong，persistent，determined and outstanding.
Despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges，they never gave up their dreams. Many of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda.
From the story，we can learn to face difficulties bravely and pursue the truth persistently.
2 Complete the diagram with your ideas and the examples that support them.
Give your talk to the class.
Throughout history，the great thinkers of the world have often rather romantically referred to their academic struggles as being like “war”. 纵观历史，世界上伟大的思想家们常常以一种浪漫的说法把他们的学术之争比喻为“战争”。
academic adj. 学术的；学业的
an academic career 学术生涯
academic subjects/qualifications学科 / 学术资历
the start of the new academic year 新学年的开始
Being unable to use a computer makes it more difficult for him to do
his academic research. 不会使用电脑使他的学术研究更加困难。
【单词积累】
academy n. 研究院；学会；专科学院
单句语法填空
（1）Perhaps you are not __________ academic person but you see the same kind of attitude in other areas.
完成句子
（2）The students return in September for the start of ____________________________ （新学年）.
（3）He’s been informed that he doesn’t qualify for the scholarship because of his ________________________（学术背景）.
an
the new academic year
academic background
Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky，often lit up by exploding Japanese bombs. 他们以尘土飞扬的道路为床，以开阔的、经常被日军的炸弹照亮的天空为屋顶。
light up 照亮；变得明亮；（使）流露出喜悦/ 兴奋
【注意】
（ 1）light 的过去式或过去分词有两种形式 lighted 或 lit，但在通常情况下lit 比lighted 用得更多。
（ 2）若转化成形容词，作表语时常用 lit，而作定语时常用 lighted。
The match is lit. 火柴点燃了。
He was holding a lighted match. 他手里拿着根点燃的火柴。
单句语法填空
（1）There was an explosion and the whole sky_______________（light） up.
（2）As the screen lit __________，he typed in his password.
（3）Lily was frightened，with the ____________（light） match in her hand.
完成句子
（4）She drew back the curtain，and a brilliant sun__________（照亮） their rooms.
（5）看到礼物的时候罗茜满脸兴奋。
Rosie’s whole face ____________with excitement when she saw the presents.
lit/lighted
up
lighted
lit up
lit up
It is no wonder that many，if not most，of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda... 难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身……
emerge v. 出现
The moon emerged from behind the clouds. 月亮从云层后露了出来。
She finally emerged from her room at noon.中午，她终于从屋里出来了。
We emerged into bright sunlight. 我们来到明媚的阳光下。
【单词积累】
emergence n. 出现；显现
emergency n. 紧急情况，不测事件
in an emergency 在紧急情况下
in case of emergency 万一遇到紧急情况
单句语法填空
（1）She was worrying about him when he___________（emerge） from the lake.
（2）In case of __________（emerge），press the button and break the glass.
（3）We tend to overlook some significant events that emerged _______ the net until months later.
（4）Language emerges and develops with the_____________（emerge） and development of society.
emerged
emergency
from
emergence
It is no wonder that many，if not most，of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda... 难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身……
It is no wonder (that)... ……不足为奇，难怪……
【归纳拓展】
No wonder（that）...=It is no wonder that... 难怪……
It is a wonder（that）... 令人惊奇的是……
No wonder that she misunderstood him. His spoken English is poor.
It’s a wonder that no one got hurt in the accident.
单句语法填空
（1）_________was no wonder Lucy was so upset. She failed maths.
（2）It is no wonder ___________ many retired people are escaping from crowded cities.
完成句子
（3）He is the cleverest and works hardest.
_________________________________________（难怪）he is always getting first place in his class.
（4）__________________（令人惊奇的是） he could finish such a hard task in such a short time.
It
that
It is no wonder（that）/No wonder（that）
It is a wonder that
On windy days，we had to hold down the paper on the desk...在刮风的日子里，我们不得不把纸按在桌子上……
hold down 控制住，固定住；抑制（价格等）的上升；保住（工作、职位）
It took three men to hold him down.
The rate of inflation must be held down.
He was unable to hold down a job after his breakdown.
【归纳拓展】
hold on 等会儿；别挂断电话；坚持下去
hold on to 守住，保住；紧紧抓住
hold back 阻挡；控制；隐瞒
hold out 伸出（手）；维持，坚持
hold up 举起，支撑；耽搁，阻碍
hold together（使）团结，（使）不分裂
单句语法填空
（1）A strong wind blew and he immediately held ________ the book in front of him.
（2）The method helps hold _________ the prices of imports，for such things as oil and food.
（3）I will hold on _______ my dream and never give it up.
（4）No one can hold ________ the wheel of history.
（5）I’d thought I could hold ________till my dentist came back from holiday，but the pain
was really unbearable.
（6）The roof is held ________ by wood.
down
down
to
back
out
up
In 2017，representatives from Peking University...gathered to commemorate the 80th anniversary of its founding. 2017 年，北京大学……的代表们齐聚一堂，共同纪念联大建校80 周年。
representative n. 代表 adj. 典型的；有代表性的
搭配：be representative of 代表……的
a representative of the UN 联合国代表
a union representative 工会代表
【单词积累】
represent v. 代表；表示，象征；描绘，展示
单句语法填空
（1）Is a questionnaire answered by 500 people truly________________ （represent） of the population as a whole
（2）He is the ideal person ______________（represent）our class.
完成句子
（3）Do remember that you are the people’s _____________________（选出的代表）and you ____________________________（代表） the people.
representative
to represent
elected representative
represent/are representative of
Writing
02
Writing about a war hero
Watch the video, and tell what a war hero is.
A war hero is a person who is admired for bravery in war.
Read the introduction to Yang Jingyu and answer the questions.
Yang Jingyu，an anti-Japanese hero，was born in Henan Province in 1905. He joined the Communist Party of China（CPC）in 1927. In 1937 Yang became leader of the North-east Anti-Japanese United Army and fought a guerrilla war against the Japanese invaders.
In 1938，the Japanese army offered a large sum of money for Yang’s head and a large number of troops surrounded his men. In early 1940，facing a critical lack of supplies，Yang decided to let his men break through in small groups，but his own section of 60 men was betrayed to the Japanese. After these men were killed，Yang fought on alone for five days. He was eventually tracked down on 23 February by a large unit of Japanese troops. He killed more than 20 Japanese soldiers before dying in a hail of machine gunfire. When the Japanese cut open his body，they discovered only tree bark，cotton and grass roots，but not a single grain of rice in his stomach.
Yang’s death was a huge blow to his loyal troops，but they turned sorrow into anger and continued to fight fiercely against the invaders. After the People’s Republic of China（PRC）was established，Yang was reburied with full military honours，in Tonghua，Jilin Province.
Who was Yang Jingyu
Why did Yang decide to let small groups of his men break through the encirclement
What did the Japanese find when they killed Yang
How would you describe Yang’s spirit in your own words
Yang Jingyu was an anti-Japanese hero, who died in a fight against Japanese troops.
Because at that time there was a critical lack of supplies.
They found only tree bark, cotton and grass roots, instead of rice in his stomach.
Yang Jingyu’s heroic spirit of killing himself rather than surrender moves us most. He never yielded to the aggressors and fought to the death. In order to safeguard national dignity， Yang Jingyu led his troops to fight bloody battles，setting an example to the Chinese people to fight the enemy with loyalty and courage，and showing the Chinese people’s heroic spirit of not fearing violence and resolute determination to save the country in front of Japanese invaders.
The structure of the passage
A war hero
Major events about
Yang Jingyu
A brief introduction
to Yang Jingyu
People’s opinions of
Yang Jingyu
Introduction
Main body
Conclusion
Talk about other war heroes and choose one to write about. Organise your ideas by completing the notes below. Do more research if necessary.
Writing about a war hero
此类作文是记叙文的一种，以人物为中心组织材料，围绕人物来写。
第一段中应简要进行人物介绍，包括人物基本信息；第二段应进一步描述人物性格特点、主要事件，说明此人值得尊敬/爱戴/学习的地方。文章结尾还应说明人们对该人物的印象或评价。
写此类文章之前先列出文中要提到的人物的主要信息，以及备用的描述性词语。人物描写重在描述，描述时应准确生动、详略得当、层次分明、主体完整。
1. 确定文体：以人物描写为主，可辅以叙述和评论。
2. 主体时态：文章以一般过去时或一般现在时为主。
3. 主体人称：第三人称。
4. 内容要点：①人物简介；②人物事迹；③人物成就；④人物评价及其他。
5. 可有选择性地对人物进行肖像描写、语言描写、动作描写、心理描写或神态描写等等。
【注意事项】
此类短文虽属于描述性写作范畴，但写作内容涉及描写、叙述和议论等多个方面，在写此类英语短文时应注意以下两点：
1. 介绍人物基本信息。正如本题题目所要求，文章宜开门见山，对所描写的人物进行总体介绍。文中还应遵循一定的时间和逻辑顺序来介绍人物的主要事迹。尽管人物描写可以从外貌、心理、行动等多方面展开，但“以事写人”依然是此类短文写作中应遵循的基本思路。
2. 主题鲜明，重点突出。在人物描写（characterization）中，具体生动的描写能够“再现”人物的性格特点和思想感情，使得读者印象深刻，甚至如见其人。这就要求写作时精挑细选、合理编排，围绕主线选取人物的典型事迹和代表性话语等等，在有限的篇幅内进行重点描写，实现效果的最大化。
背景：
... was born in / into a poor / rich family in ..., when ... was young, spent one’s childhood in ...
外貌：
beautiful, pretty, good-looking, ordinary-looking, handsome, strong, fat, thin
品质和个性：
kind, determined, gentle, considerate, optimistic, easy-going, warm-hearted, hard-working, responsible, patient, helpful, friendly, generous
爱好：
be good at, have a gift for, be interested in, be fond of, be crazy about
教育背景：
graduated from, got a ... degree, majored in, studied hard at, took an active part in class
经历和事迹：
devote oneself to do sth., with great determination and perseverance, fight for, make up one’s mind to do sth., overcome many difficulties, try one’s best to do sth.
评价：
one of the best, most important, set a good example to, ... is the pride of ..., make great contributions to, be regarded as
Dong Cunrui was born into a poor peasant family in Huailai County, He Bei Province on 15 October 1929. In 1945 he joined the Eighth Route Army and in March 1947 he joined the Communist Party of China.
On 25 May 1948, the battle for the liberation of Longhua began, and the soldiers of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) flooded towards Longhua Middle School, the Headquarters of the enemy.
Six jets of fire from a bridge blocked the path of the PLA troops. The bridge was a fortress built by the enemy, and the PLA troops were stuck under a small slope.
At the critical moment, they needed a soldier to blow up the bridge and open a new road for the whole army. “Captain, let me blow it up!” Dong Cunrui said, and his request was granted. Under the cover of another soldier, he rushed to the bridge, but could not find a place to put the explosives. Dong Cunrui then lifted the explosives in his left hand, lit the blasting fuse and blew up the enemy’s fortress. In doing so, he died a hero.
The story of Dong Cunrui, who gave his life to create a way forward, has been told all over China until today, and has inspired thousands of young people to make sacrifices in defence of our country’s and people’s interests.
Presenting
ideas
03
Work in groups. Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
1 What can you see in each picture
In picture one，a distressed child is crying in front of a destroyed building.
In picture two，a dead or injured soldier is carried away by his comrades.
In picture three，there are many graves of the dead.
2 What do the pictures tell you about war
The pictures tell us the brutal nature of war.
Think about the topics and complete the table. Add examples or details to support your points. Do more research if necessary.
Why people go to war
Effects of war on people
How we can maintain peace around the world
To protect their country.
Deaths and injuries.
Solve problems peacefully.
Prepare a short presentation on one of the topics from Activity 2 or think of another relevant topic. Consider the following：
1 the structure of your presentation
2 useful words，expressions and structures
Give your presentation to the class.
Write a short passage about the spirit of Linda with 100 words.
Write an introduction to the war hero you chose.
Make improvements to each other’s writings and share them with the class.
THANKS FOR WATCHING