2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项：0106 China Daily-美国民主：两党，一种核心意识形态——时文阅读语法填空专项练习（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项：0106 China Daily-美国民主：两党，一种核心意识形态——时文阅读语法填空专项练习（含解析） |  | |
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| 文件大小 | 1.3MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-01-10 12:45:42 | ||
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US democracy: Two parties, one core ideology
美国民主：两党，一种核心意识形态
In the West, democracy is seen as a form of government where supreme power (1) ______ (vest) in the people and is exercised by them either directly or indirectly through a system of representation, usually involving periodic free elections (2) ______ (contest) by more than one party. The West thinks this helps voters achieve their personal and national goals, and enables political parties, which represent voters according to their ideological and political beliefs, to make policies to fit their supporters. In a democratic system, voters of different views can find a party that matches their core beliefs and ideology on key issues.
However, it's far from an ideal situation. In most countries in the West and the Global South, the number of parties that actually have a chance to form a government is limited to two or at most three. During political campaigns, each party uses propaganda to (3) ______ (settle) scores with other competitors. And even after one party wins the election, government policies on some basic issues change (4) ______ (hard).
The US is a typical example. In the United States, only two political parties have the opportunity to form a government or gain a majority in the House of Representatives and the Senate. Admittedly, there have been times when the two parties had significant differences on important issues, but such cases were (5) ______ (few). For instance, their attitudes towards slavery were different: the Republican Party was against it while the Democrats supported it. But nowadays, their positions on private property, the role of market forces, military spending and global policing (self-given by the US) have been almost (6) ______ (identical).
This shows that the so-called democracy in some Western countries may not be as perfect as it (7) ______ (seem). Voters may not always get the policies they expect.
To build a better democratic system, it's necessary to encourage more diverse voices and real competition among parties.
Moreover, countries should focus on improving the quality of democracy and making it more beneficial to the people. Only in this way can democracy play a positive role in promoting social (8) ______ (develop).
We should also learn from different democratic practices around the world and try to find a model that suits our own countries' situations. In this way, we can make our countries more prosperous and harmonious with the help of a more (9) ______ (effective) democratic system.
And it's hoped that all countries can respect each other's choices and jointly promote the healthy development of global democracy, thus creating a more (10) ______ (peace) world.
答案：
is vested（考查动词时态和语态，“supreme power” 与 “vest” 是被动关系，此处描述一般情况，用一般现在时的被动语态，考查一般现在时被动语态的用法）
contested（考查非谓语动词，“elections” 与 “contest” 是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语，考查非谓语动词作定语的用法）
settle（考查固定搭配，“settle scores with...” 表示 “与…… 算账，与…… 较量”，“to” 后接动词原形，考查固定搭配及动词不定式的用法）
hardly（考查副词，此处修饰动词 “change”，用副词形式，“hardly” 表示 “几乎不”，考查副词修饰动词的用法）
few（考查形容词，“were” 后接形容词作表语，“few” 表示 “少的”，考查形容词作表语的用法）
identical（考查形容词，“been” 后接形容词作表语，“identical” 表示 “相同的”，考查形容词作表语的用法）
seems（考查动词时态，此处描述一般情况，主语是 “it” 指代 “the so-called democracy”，用一般现在时第三人称单数形式，考查一般现在时主谓一致）
development（考查词性转换，“promoting” 后接名词作宾语，“develop” 的名词形式是 “development”，表示 “发展”，考查词性转换）
effective（考查词性转换，“democratic system” 是名词短语，需用形容词修饰，“effective” 表示 “有效的”，考查词性转换）
peaceful（考查词性转换，“world” 是名词，需用形容词修饰，“peace” 的形容词形式是 “peaceful”，表示 “和平的”，考查词性转换）
As usual, the core strategy of the election campaigns of the two parties is to (1) ______ (portray) the other as being at the far end of the ideological spectrum. In fact, if we took the just-concluded campaign hyperbole (2) ______ (serious), we would have to believe that president-elect Donald Trump's ideology is "totalitarianism" while incumbent Vice-President Kamala Harris' is "socialism". If that were true, voters would indeed have different choices and the US would have a real bipartisan system.
However, the truth is that no matter who becomes the new (3) ______ (lodger) in the Oval Office, the US will continue to be a private sector, market-oriented economy; a defender and practitioner of press freedom and freedom of expression; the strongest military power in the world; the firmest ally of Israel; a trigger-happy marauder in world affairs; a leading member of NATO; a key player in world trade and foreign direct investment flows; and (4) ______ (tough) on migrants and nosy about human rights if violated in countries that it considers as rivals or enemies.
Even on the issue of trade, President Joe Biden largely adopted the protectionist approach of Trump. Something similar occurred on migration, as even Harris (5) ______ (support) the wall along the border with Mexico, which is a symbol of Trump policy.
Certainly, the policies that Trump and Harris proposed during their campaigns on abortion, gun control, immigration, climate action and taxation were different. But in the end, even on these issues, the difference in actual policy outcomes would be (6) ______ (little).
This shows that the so-called differences between the two parties in the US may not be as big as they seem.
It's important for voters to see clearly the real situation and not be easily influenced by the campaign slogans.
They should analyze the policies carefully to make a more rational choice that can truly influence the country's (7) ______ (develop).
Moreover, the US needs to reflect on its political system and make efforts to improve it to make it more democratic and beneficial to the people.
Only in this way can the US build a more harmonious and stable society and play a positive role in global (8) ______ (affair).
Hopefully, the US can learn from other countries' good experiences and make changes to its existing system to better meet the needs of the people and contribute to the peaceful coexistence of the world.
In the future, we expect the US to become more open and inclusive, and work together with other countries to promote global (9) ______ (cooperate) and common development.
And it's believed that a more reasonable and effective political system will help the US achieve (10) ______ (sustainable) development.
答案：
portray（考查固定搭配，“the core strategy is to do sth.” 表示 “核心策略是做某事”，此处用动词原形，考查固定搭配中动词的形式）
seriously（考查词性转换，“take sth. seriously” 表示 “认真对待某事”，此处用副词修饰动词 “took”，考查词性转换及副词修饰动词的用法）
lodger（考查名词，此处 “new” 修饰名词，根据语境表示 “新入住者”，考查名词在句中的运用）
tough（考查形容词，“be tough on...” 表示 “对…… 强硬”，此处用形容词作表语，考查形容词作表语的用法）
supports（考查动词时态，此处描述一般情况，主语是 “Harris” 为第三人称单数，用一般现在时第三人称单数形式，考查一般现在时主谓一致）
little（考查形容词，“be” 后接形容词作表语，“little” 表示 “少的，小的”，考查形容词作表语的用法）
development（考查词性转换，“the country's” 后接名词，“develop” 的名词形式是 “development”，表示 “发展”，考查词性转换）
affairs（考查名词单复数，“global affairs” 表示 “全球事务”，常用复数形式，考查名词复数在固定短语中的用法）
cooperation（考查词性转换，“promote” 后接名词作宾语，“cooperate” 的名词形式是 “cooperation”，表示 “合作”，考查词性转换）
sustainable（考查词性转换，“development” 是名词，需用形容词修饰，“sustainable” 表示 “可持续的”，考查词性转换）
Terrified by China's growing industrial and technological competitiveness, Trump has promised to (1) ______ (impose) up to 60 percent extra tariffs on Chinese products. He may even strengthen economic and military alliances against China in Asia and other regions. But thinking that the actual policy under a Harris presidency would be different is just wishful thinking.
Despite the room for ideological diversity allowed by democracy, why are the actual outcomes so similar First, because regardless of press freedom, the US' media outlets, behind their showy posturing, hold an (2) ______ (identical) position on core issues.
Second, the obvious failures of the planned economy and the success of economies that have provided enough space for private initiatives and market forces to work have been a strong influencing (3) ______ (factor) for the US' political system.
Third, and most importantly, money is a key element in US politics. So much so that political analysts and experts, when predicting election results for both the White House and Capitol Hill, attach the greatest importance to corporations' contributions to the two parties' candidates as a (4) ______ (decide) factor. The limit on donations was removed by the US Supreme Court in 2010 through its decision in the Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission case.
Since then, millionaires and billionaires have been filling the two parties' coffers, and the parties have been (5) ______ (splurge) the donations on their political campaigns. In fact, it's estimated that in 2024 the total spending to elect a US president and members of Congress reached at least $15.9 billion.
When money plays a key role in election success, the political discourse among parties and candidates becomes similar and centers around the ideology and the wishes of the wealthy class. As a result, the expected diversity of thought across the political spectrum has become just a theoretical part of most Western democracies, especially US democracy.
Perhaps it's a bit extreme to say that in the US, ignoring the fact that legally there can be many political parties competing for power, from the perspective of ideology and core policies, money has helped create a (6) ______ (de facto) one-party system. The path that the US will follow under Trump will therefore not be very different from what would have happened if the Democrats had won the presidential election.
It's clear that the influence of money on politics is a serious issue that needs to be addressed.
Countries should work to make their political systems more just and democratic, ensuring that policies are made based on the (7) ______ (benefit) of the people rather than the interests of the wealthy.
Only in this way can true democracy be achieved and social (8) ______ (develop) be promoted.
Moreover, we should encourage more diverse voices in politics and avoid the situation where a few wealthy people dominate the political stage.
This will help build a more harmonious and stable political environment and contribute to the healthy development of the whole society.
Finally, it's hoped that the US can also make changes to improve its political system and better play its role in the international community with (9) ______ (sustainable) development.
And all countries should respect each other's political systems and learn from each other's good experiences to jointly promote global (10) ______ (cooperate).
答案：
impose（考查固定搭配，“promise to do sth.” 表示 “承诺做某事”，此处用动词原形，考查固定搭配中动词的形式）
identical（考查形容词，此处修饰名词 “position”，用形容词原级，考查形容词修饰名词的用法）
factor（考查名词，“a strong influencing factor” 表示 “一个强有力的影响因素”，根据语境及前面的 “a”，用名词单数形式，考查名词在句中的运用）
deciding（考查词性转换，此处修饰名词 “factor”，需用形容词，“decide” 的形容词形式是 “deciding”，表示 “决定性的”，考查词性转换）
splurging（考查动词时态，“have been + 现在分词” 构成现在完成进行时，此处用现在分词形式，考查现在完成进行时的用法）
de facto（考查固定短语，“de facto” 表示 “事实上的”，在句中作定语修饰 “one-party system”，考查固定短语的用法）
benefits（考查名词单复数，“the benefits of...” 表示 “…… 的利益”，常用复数形式，考查名词复数在固定短语中的用法）
development（考查词性转换，“promote” 后接名词作宾语，“develop” 的名词形式是 “development”，表示 “发展”，考查词性转换）
sustainable（考查词性转换，“development” 是名词，需用形容词修饰，“sustainable” 表示 “可持续的”，考查词性转换）
cooperation（考查词性转换，“promote” 后接名词作宾语，“cooperate” 的名词形式是 “cooperation”，表示 “合作”，考查词性转换）
美国民主：两党，一种核心意识形态
In the West, democracy is seen as a form of government where supreme power (1) ______ (vest) in the people and is exercised by them either directly or indirectly through a system of representation, usually involving periodic free elections (2) ______ (contest) by more than one party. The West thinks this helps voters achieve their personal and national goals, and enables political parties, which represent voters according to their ideological and political beliefs, to make policies to fit their supporters. In a democratic system, voters of different views can find a party that matches their core beliefs and ideology on key issues.
However, it's far from an ideal situation. In most countries in the West and the Global South, the number of parties that actually have a chance to form a government is limited to two or at most three. During political campaigns, each party uses propaganda to (3) ______ (settle) scores with other competitors. And even after one party wins the election, government policies on some basic issues change (4) ______ (hard).
The US is a typical example. In the United States, only two political parties have the opportunity to form a government or gain a majority in the House of Representatives and the Senate. Admittedly, there have been times when the two parties had significant differences on important issues, but such cases were (5) ______ (few). For instance, their attitudes towards slavery were different: the Republican Party was against it while the Democrats supported it. But nowadays, their positions on private property, the role of market forces, military spending and global policing (self-given by the US) have been almost (6) ______ (identical).
This shows that the so-called democracy in some Western countries may not be as perfect as it (7) ______ (seem). Voters may not always get the policies they expect.
To build a better democratic system, it's necessary to encourage more diverse voices and real competition among parties.
Moreover, countries should focus on improving the quality of democracy and making it more beneficial to the people. Only in this way can democracy play a positive role in promoting social (8) ______ (develop).
We should also learn from different democratic practices around the world and try to find a model that suits our own countries' situations. In this way, we can make our countries more prosperous and harmonious with the help of a more (9) ______ (effective) democratic system.
And it's hoped that all countries can respect each other's choices and jointly promote the healthy development of global democracy, thus creating a more (10) ______ (peace) world.
答案：
is vested（考查动词时态和语态，“supreme power” 与 “vest” 是被动关系，此处描述一般情况，用一般现在时的被动语态，考查一般现在时被动语态的用法）
contested（考查非谓语动词，“elections” 与 “contest” 是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语，考查非谓语动词作定语的用法）
settle（考查固定搭配，“settle scores with...” 表示 “与…… 算账，与…… 较量”，“to” 后接动词原形，考查固定搭配及动词不定式的用法）
hardly（考查副词，此处修饰动词 “change”，用副词形式，“hardly” 表示 “几乎不”，考查副词修饰动词的用法）
few（考查形容词，“were” 后接形容词作表语，“few” 表示 “少的”，考查形容词作表语的用法）
identical（考查形容词，“been” 后接形容词作表语，“identical” 表示 “相同的”，考查形容词作表语的用法）
seems（考查动词时态，此处描述一般情况，主语是 “it” 指代 “the so-called democracy”，用一般现在时第三人称单数形式，考查一般现在时主谓一致）
development（考查词性转换，“promoting” 后接名词作宾语，“develop” 的名词形式是 “development”，表示 “发展”，考查词性转换）
effective（考查词性转换，“democratic system” 是名词短语，需用形容词修饰，“effective” 表示 “有效的”，考查词性转换）
peaceful（考查词性转换，“world” 是名词，需用形容词修饰，“peace” 的形容词形式是 “peaceful”，表示 “和平的”，考查词性转换）
As usual, the core strategy of the election campaigns of the two parties is to (1) ______ (portray) the other as being at the far end of the ideological spectrum. In fact, if we took the just-concluded campaign hyperbole (2) ______ (serious), we would have to believe that president-elect Donald Trump's ideology is "totalitarianism" while incumbent Vice-President Kamala Harris' is "socialism". If that were true, voters would indeed have different choices and the US would have a real bipartisan system.
However, the truth is that no matter who becomes the new (3) ______ (lodger) in the Oval Office, the US will continue to be a private sector, market-oriented economy; a defender and practitioner of press freedom and freedom of expression; the strongest military power in the world; the firmest ally of Israel; a trigger-happy marauder in world affairs; a leading member of NATO; a key player in world trade and foreign direct investment flows; and (4) ______ (tough) on migrants and nosy about human rights if violated in countries that it considers as rivals or enemies.
Even on the issue of trade, President Joe Biden largely adopted the protectionist approach of Trump. Something similar occurred on migration, as even Harris (5) ______ (support) the wall along the border with Mexico, which is a symbol of Trump policy.
Certainly, the policies that Trump and Harris proposed during their campaigns on abortion, gun control, immigration, climate action and taxation were different. But in the end, even on these issues, the difference in actual policy outcomes would be (6) ______ (little).
This shows that the so-called differences between the two parties in the US may not be as big as they seem.
It's important for voters to see clearly the real situation and not be easily influenced by the campaign slogans.
They should analyze the policies carefully to make a more rational choice that can truly influence the country's (7) ______ (develop).
Moreover, the US needs to reflect on its political system and make efforts to improve it to make it more democratic and beneficial to the people.
Only in this way can the US build a more harmonious and stable society and play a positive role in global (8) ______ (affair).
Hopefully, the US can learn from other countries' good experiences and make changes to its existing system to better meet the needs of the people and contribute to the peaceful coexistence of the world.
In the future, we expect the US to become more open and inclusive, and work together with other countries to promote global (9) ______ (cooperate) and common development.
And it's believed that a more reasonable and effective political system will help the US achieve (10) ______ (sustainable) development.
答案：
portray（考查固定搭配，“the core strategy is to do sth.” 表示 “核心策略是做某事”，此处用动词原形，考查固定搭配中动词的形式）
seriously（考查词性转换，“take sth. seriously” 表示 “认真对待某事”，此处用副词修饰动词 “took”，考查词性转换及副词修饰动词的用法）
lodger（考查名词，此处 “new” 修饰名词，根据语境表示 “新入住者”，考查名词在句中的运用）
tough（考查形容词，“be tough on...” 表示 “对…… 强硬”，此处用形容词作表语，考查形容词作表语的用法）
supports（考查动词时态，此处描述一般情况，主语是 “Harris” 为第三人称单数，用一般现在时第三人称单数形式，考查一般现在时主谓一致）
little（考查形容词，“be” 后接形容词作表语，“little” 表示 “少的，小的”，考查形容词作表语的用法）
development（考查词性转换，“the country's” 后接名词，“develop” 的名词形式是 “development”，表示 “发展”，考查词性转换）
affairs（考查名词单复数，“global affairs” 表示 “全球事务”，常用复数形式，考查名词复数在固定短语中的用法）
cooperation（考查词性转换，“promote” 后接名词作宾语，“cooperate” 的名词形式是 “cooperation”，表示 “合作”，考查词性转换）
sustainable（考查词性转换，“development” 是名词，需用形容词修饰，“sustainable” 表示 “可持续的”，考查词性转换）
Terrified by China's growing industrial and technological competitiveness, Trump has promised to (1) ______ (impose) up to 60 percent extra tariffs on Chinese products. He may even strengthen economic and military alliances against China in Asia and other regions. But thinking that the actual policy under a Harris presidency would be different is just wishful thinking.
Despite the room for ideological diversity allowed by democracy, why are the actual outcomes so similar First, because regardless of press freedom, the US' media outlets, behind their showy posturing, hold an (2) ______ (identical) position on core issues.
Second, the obvious failures of the planned economy and the success of economies that have provided enough space for private initiatives and market forces to work have been a strong influencing (3) ______ (factor) for the US' political system.
Third, and most importantly, money is a key element in US politics. So much so that political analysts and experts, when predicting election results for both the White House and Capitol Hill, attach the greatest importance to corporations' contributions to the two parties' candidates as a (4) ______ (decide) factor. The limit on donations was removed by the US Supreme Court in 2010 through its decision in the Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission case.
Since then, millionaires and billionaires have been filling the two parties' coffers, and the parties have been (5) ______ (splurge) the donations on their political campaigns. In fact, it's estimated that in 2024 the total spending to elect a US president and members of Congress reached at least $15.9 billion.
When money plays a key role in election success, the political discourse among parties and candidates becomes similar and centers around the ideology and the wishes of the wealthy class. As a result, the expected diversity of thought across the political spectrum has become just a theoretical part of most Western democracies, especially US democracy.
Perhaps it's a bit extreme to say that in the US, ignoring the fact that legally there can be many political parties competing for power, from the perspective of ideology and core policies, money has helped create a (6) ______ (de facto) one-party system. The path that the US will follow under Trump will therefore not be very different from what would have happened if the Democrats had won the presidential election.
It's clear that the influence of money on politics is a serious issue that needs to be addressed.
Countries should work to make their political systems more just and democratic, ensuring that policies are made based on the (7) ______ (benefit) of the people rather than the interests of the wealthy.
Only in this way can true democracy be achieved and social (8) ______ (develop) be promoted.
Moreover, we should encourage more diverse voices in politics and avoid the situation where a few wealthy people dominate the political stage.
This will help build a more harmonious and stable political environment and contribute to the healthy development of the whole society.
Finally, it's hoped that the US can also make changes to improve its political system and better play its role in the international community with (9) ______ (sustainable) development.
And all countries should respect each other's political systems and learn from each other's good experiences to jointly promote global (10) ______ (cooperate).
答案：
impose（考查固定搭配，“promise to do sth.” 表示 “承诺做某事”，此处用动词原形，考查固定搭配中动词的形式）
identical（考查形容词，此处修饰名词 “position”，用形容词原级，考查形容词修饰名词的用法）
factor（考查名词，“a strong influencing factor” 表示 “一个强有力的影响因素”，根据语境及前面的 “a”，用名词单数形式，考查名词在句中的运用）
deciding（考查词性转换，此处修饰名词 “factor”，需用形容词，“decide” 的形容词形式是 “deciding”，表示 “决定性的”，考查词性转换）
splurging（考查动词时态，“have been + 现在分词” 构成现在完成进行时，此处用现在分词形式，考查现在完成进行时的用法）
de facto（考查固定短语，“de facto” 表示 “事实上的”，在句中作定语修饰 “one-party system”，考查固定短语的用法）
benefits（考查名词单复数，“the benefits of...” 表示 “…… 的利益”，常用复数形式，考查名词复数在固定短语中的用法）
development（考查词性转换，“promote” 后接名词作宾语，“develop” 的名词形式是 “development”，表示 “发展”，考查词性转换）
sustainable（考查词性转换，“development” 是名词，需用形容词修饰，“sustainable” 表示 “可持续的”，考查词性转换）
cooperation（考查词性转换，“promote” 后接名词作宾语，“cooperate” 的名词形式是 “cooperation”，表示 “合作”，考查词性转换）