2016《中考王》英语命题研究（怀化）中考英语语法专题突破：专题十三复合句

专题十三　复合句
宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句
,怀化五年中考命题规律及趋势
考查点 年份 题号 考查角度 选项设置 分值
宾语从句
2015 30 语序及语意 where I can buy a pa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ir of shoes/where can I buy a pair of shoes/ how can I buy a pair of shoes 1分
2014 30 宾语从句语序及语意 how can I get to the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )post office/ how I can get to the post office/ how do you make a kite 1分
2013 30 语序 where Zhejiang Airpor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t is/ where is Zhejiang Airport/ Zhejiang Airport is where 1分
2012 30 语序 when the trai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n will leave/when will the train leave/the train will leave when 1分
2011 30 语序 what is your job/what your job is/your job is what 1分
　　宾语从句为怀化近5年中考的必考点。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )单项选择题对宾语从句的考查侧重其语序，但2014年后开始侧重语序及语意的考查，一般会涉及两个考查点，主要表现在三方面：①语序正确，但引导词不同；②引导词相同，但语序不同；③时态一致，但引导词和语序不同。语句设置多为2个单句，词数为13～14。而且宾语从句通常会出现一些固定的词语，如：Do you know…，could you tell me…等。
预测2016年怀化中考的单项选择必定会出现一道题来考查宾语从句，至少涉及两个考查点。
,怀化中考重难点突破
　宾语从句
【考点抢测】
1．he，more，math，is，than，difficult，English，think
________________________________________________________________________.
2．know，rain，whether，evening，I，it，this，don't
________________________________________________________________________.
3．very，think，your，I，is，nice，dress
________________________________________________________________________.
4．know，I，to，if，come，he，tomorrow，want
________________________________________________________________________.
(　　)5.—Could you tell me________？
—By searching the Internet.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A．how you got the information
B．why you got the information
C．how did you get the information
(　　)6.I don't know ________ coffee.
A．what she is so crazy about
B．what is she so crazy about
C．why she is so crazy about
(　　)7.Could ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you please tell me ________？I have something important to tell him.
A．where is Sam B．where Sam is
C．what is Sam
(　　)8.My pen pal fr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )om America is coming to visit me.I'm thinking about ________.
A．how I gave her a surprise
B．how I will give her a surprise
C．whether I planned a trip for her
【满分点拨】
宾语从句 构成规则 例句
连接词 1.that在从句中作宾语时可以省略；作主语时不能省略2．what，when，where，h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ow，whatever，whenever，wherever，who，whom，whose等特殊疑问词作连接词3．当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时，连接词用whether或if，表示“是否” Could you tell me ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) if/whether it snows in winter in Australia？你能告诉我澳大利亚冬天下雪吗？Please tell me how you go to school.请告诉我你怎样去学校的。
语序 从句一律用陈述语序，即主语＋谓语 Do you know where Tom lives？你知道汤姆住哪儿吗？
时态
1.主句是现在时，从句根据实际情况使用相应时态 I hear Joe left for Beijing yesterday.我听说乔昨天去北京了。I hear Joe will leave for Beijing.我听说乔要去北京了。
2.主句是过去时，从句使用过去时的某种形式 Kate said she was watching TV this time yesterday.凯特说昨天这个时间她在看电视。Kate said she was going to school soon.凯特说她马上去学校。
3.从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时，不管主句使用什么时态，从句都用一般现在时 Miss Hu said that the earth goes around the sun.胡老师说地球绕着太阳转。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
注意：在介词之后，动词不定式之前或在or ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )之前，只用whether，不用if。如：I can't decide whether to buy this bike or not.我不能决定是否买这辆自行车。
　状语从句
【考点抢测】
(　　)1.(2015株洲中考模拟试题)—When will your aunt leave for Shanghai
—I don't know，but I'll call you as soon as she ________.
A．leaves B．will leave
C．left
(　　)2.Betty will ring me up when she ________ in Shanghai.
A．arrive B．arrives
C．arrived
(　　)3.My brother w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ill travel around the world if he ________ lots of money.
A．has　　　　B．have　　　　C．had
(　　)4.Some of the s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tudents are near sighted ________ they spend too much time watching TV or playing online games.
A．when B．though
C．because
(　　)5.You'd bet ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ter look up the new word in a dictionary ________ you don't know it.
A．if B．that
C．though
(　　)6.I won't take ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )part in Jack's birthday party ________ I am invited.
A．unless　 B．after　 C．because
【满分点拨】
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
怀化中考对状语从句的考查一般都会和从属连词相结合，主要为在状语从句中考查从属连词的运用与辨析。具体用法如下：
状语从句的分类 从句的引导词 例句
时间状语从句 when/while/as(当……时)，b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )efore(在……之前)，after(在……之后)，since(自从)，not…until(直到……才)，as soon as(一……就) I was doing my home work when my mother came in.当我妈妈进来的时候，我正在写作业。He did not go to bed until his father came back.直到爸爸回来他才去睡觉。
条件状语从句 if(如果)，as long as(只要)，unless(除非) Unless bad wea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ther stops me，I go for a walk every day.我每天都会去散步，除非遇上坏天气。
原因状语从句 because(因为)，since(既然)，as(由于) I like to eat apple ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s because it's good for my health.我喜欢吃苹果，因为它对我的健康有益。Since everyone is here，let's begin our meeting.既然每个人都在这儿，我们开始开会吧。
目的状语从句 so that(以便，为了)，in order that(为了) He gets up early ev ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ery morning so that he can catch the bus.他每天早上起得都很早，以便能赶上公交车。
结果状语从句 so that(结果是)，so…that/such…that(如此……以至于) It's so hot that nobody wants to go out.天太热，以至于没人想出去。
让步状语从句 though/although(尽管，虽 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )然)，even if(即使)，whatever(无论什么)，wherever(无论哪里)，whenever(无论何时) Wherever you go，I will go with you.无论你去哪儿，我都跟着你。Whenever you come，I will wait for you.无论你什么时候来，我都会等你。
比较状语从句 than(比……)，as…as(和……一样)，not as/so…as(不如……) He is as tall as Tom.他和汤姆一样高。
地点状语从句 where(……的地方)，wherever(无论哪里) Sit wherever you like.请随便坐。
注意：英语中有些时间和条件状语从句必须遵循“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主将从现”原则，即主句为一般将来时态时，它所引导的状语从句使用一般现在时表达将来的意思，这时主句和从句所表达的时态在意义上仍然保持一致。
常见的应使用“主将从现”原则的连词有 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：表示时间的when，while，after，before，until，till，whenever，as soon as，as long as，once等；表示条件的if，unless，so long as，in case等。
　定语从句
【考点抢测】
(　　)1.I can never forget the stories ________ my grandma told me.
A．what B．who
C．that
(　　)2.The designers ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ________ helped us build the library are from the UK.
A．which B．whom
C．who
(　　)3.The school and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) teachers ________ he loves so much often come into his dreams.
A．that B．who
C．which
(　　)4.I will neve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r forget the days during ________ I lived with my closest friend.
A．that B．which
C．who
(　　)5.That is the girl from ________ you borrowed the book yesterday.
A．whom B．whose
C．that
【满分点拨】
关系词 功能 先行词 例句
that，who 主语、宾语、表语
whom，that 宾语 人、物
Do you know the girl who/that often comes here？你认识经常来这儿的那个女孩吗？
He's the boy(whom/that) I talked with just now.他就是刚才和我说话的男孩。
that，which 主语、宾语、表语
事、物 A dictionary is a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )book that/which gives the meaning of words.字典是一本解释单词意思的书。
时间 I'll never forget t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he days(that/which) we spent together.我将永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。
地点 The school(tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t/which) we visited yesterday is a famous one in Shanghai.昨天我们参观的那个学校是上海的一所名校。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )