2025年高考英语二轮复习 专题3 完形填空 第3讲 说明文 课件（共34张）

(共34张PPT)
第3讲　说明文
目 录 索 引
体裁解读
技法点拨
01
02
体裁解读
说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理或事物的发生、发展、结果等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。与记叙文相比,说明文类完形填空多用一般现在时,其语言简练、平实、准确,常采用客观描述,其主题明确,层次分明。高考说明文类完形填空往往在文章的开头就点明说明对象,从而为同学们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。而且,作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章,使文章结构清晰,层次分明。
解题要领 内容解读
明确说明对象,理清段落关系 通读全文,明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点,理清各段之间的关系,加深对说明对象的理解。
弄清说明顺序,把握作者态度 在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解说。把握了说明顺序就能准确把握文章的脉络,加深对整篇文章的理解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。另外,在理清作者思路的基础上,还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句,把握作者的写作情感和意图。
[典型例题](2022全国乙卷改编)
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them,there’s something highly exciting about 　1　 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
But we witness preschool children are remarkably 　2　 at hiding.They often cover only their eyes with their hands,leaving the rest of their bodies
　3　.
For a long time,this ineffective hiding method was 　4　 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的) creatures.But our surprising research results in child developmental psychology 　5　 that idea.
We brought children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.Each 　6　 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 　7　. We then asked the child if she could 　8　 or hear the adult.Surprisingly, children replied they couldn’t.
A number of 　9　 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked.The results were clear:Our young subjects 　10　 the questions and knew exactly what was asked of them.Their 　11　 to the questions reflected their true 　12　 that “I can see you only if you can see me,too.” They simply 　13　 mutual(相互的) recognition and regard.Our
　14　 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head,it’s not a result of egocentrism.Actually children consider this method 　15　 when others use it.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们玩捉迷藏时,只遮住自己的眼睛并不是“自我中心”的表现,而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
1.A.following　　 B.taking
C.escaping D.directing
答案 C
解析 根据下文“making oneself unable to be seen”可知,此处表示儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏,躲避寻找者的目光。故选C项。
2.A.clever B.bad
C.scared D.quick
答案 B
解析 根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands,leaving the rest of their bodies 　　　.”可知,他们经常只是用手捂住眼睛,而其余身体部分无遮蔽,因此学龄前儿童不擅长隐藏。be bad at sth表示“不擅长某事”。故选B项。
3.A.exposed B.examined
C.untouched D.imbalanced
答案 A
解析 根据上文可知,儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛,身体的其余部分无遮蔽,是暴露在外的。故选A项。
4.A.supported B.guaranteed
C.imagined D.interpreted
答案 D
解析 根据下文“as evidence that children are hopelessly ‘egocentric’(自我中心的) creatures”可知,此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为一种证据,证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D项。
5.A.explained B.confirmed
C.contradicted D.tested
答案 C
解析 根据前面的But可知,研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾。故选C项。
6.A.parent B.child
C.researcher D.doctor
答案 B
解析 根据上文“We brought children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知,此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B项。
7.A.feet B.nose
C.hands D.ears
答案 D
解析 根据下文“or hear the adult”可知,实验中,儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音,所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D项。
8.A.see B.help
C.reach D.fool
答案 A
解析 根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知,成年人遮住了自己的眼睛,所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A项。
9.A.instructions B.descriptions
C.experiments D.assumptions
答案 C
解析 句意:许多实验排除了孩子们误解问题的可能性。experiment实验。故选C项。
10.A.comprehended B.predicted
C.explored D.ignored
答案 A
解析 根据下文“and knew exactly what was asked of them”可知,儿童理解了问题,并确切知道自己被问了什么。故选A项。
11.A.responses B.approaches
C.contribution D.sensitivity
答案 A
解析 根据上文“We then asked the child if she could 　　　or hear the adult. Surprisingly,children replied they couldn’t.”可知,此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A项。
12.A.ability B.belief
C.identity D.purpose
答案 B
解析 根据下文“I can see you only if you can see me,too.”可知,此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B项。
13.A.hold back B.relate to
C.insist on D.make up
答案 C
解析 根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me,too.”可知,孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互承认和尊重。故选C项。
14.A.limitations B.requirements
C.theories D.findings
答案 D
解析 根据上文“We brought children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知,此处指实验的研究结果。故选D项。
15.A.tentative B.impressive
C.creative D.effective
答案 D
解析 根据上文“They simply 　　　mutual(相互的) recognition and regard.”可知,孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重,所以当其他人使用这种方法时,孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D项。
技法点拨
技法1 利用破解长难句解题
[典例]For a long time,this ineffective hiding method was 　4　 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的) creatures.But our surprising research results in child developmental psychology 5.contradicted that idea.
4.A.supported　　 B.guaranteed
C.imagined D.interpreted
分析
利用破解长难句解题。as evidence that children are hopelessly ‘egocentric’(自我中心的) creatures”中that引导的是同位语从句,说明evidence的内容,表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为一种证据,证明儿童是以自我为中心的。
[自主解答]　 　
【点拨】说明文完形填空中会出现一些长句或难句,而它们往往会影响一些答案的选择。这时就要在理解上下文逻辑关系的基础上有针对性地对句子结构、句子特点进行分析,准确理解句意,明确所填选项在句中的语法功能,从而做出正确判断。
D
[真题体验](2023新课标Ⅱ卷)
George,the husband,was trying to be calm,but I could tell this was 　48　 for him,having to leave his dog to a 　49　 and trust that everything would
　50　.
48.A.hard　　　　 B.fine
C.common D.lucky
答案 A
解析 本句句式较为复杂,“but”连接转折并列句,“having to leave...”为现在分词短语作原因状语。根据上文“was trying to be calm”以及下文“having to leave his dog to a 　　　and trust that everything would 　　　”可推知,此处指把狗留给一个陌生人对主人来说很难。故选A项。
49.A.co-worker B.passenger
C.stranger D.neighbor
答案 C
解析 根据“George,the husband,was trying to be calm,but I could tell this was 　　　for him”可知,此处指把狗留给一个陌生人。故选C项。
50.A.speed up B.work out
C.come back D.take off
答案 B
解析 speed up加速;work out解决;come back回来;take off起飞。根据上文可知,让狗的主人George把狗留给一个陌生人并相信一切都会解决好,对他来说很难。故选B项。
技法2 利用首尾呼应关系解题
[典例]We brought children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC...
...Our 　14　 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it’s not a result of egocentrism.
14.A.limitations　　 B.requirements
C.theories D.findings
分析
根据上文“We brought children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC...”可知,此处指实验的研究结果。
[自主解答]　 　
D
【点拨】语篇层次题是完形填空中难度最高的试题,也是学生的拉分题。此类试题需要阅读全篇,站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确答案。
课堂应用
(2024河南开封三模)
Money doesn’t grow on trees,as the saying goes,and learning how to spend money wisely is a valuable lesson we should all learn when we are young.In China,a growing number of young individuals are embracing this
　1　 and finding that being frugal(节俭的) can be both rewarding and 　2　.
Young individuals in China are actively engaging with 　3　 responsibility by sharing their budget-friendly strategies and smart shopping advice across various digital platforms.Known as “koukouzu” or the “Frugal Tribe”,they 　4　 against impulsive(冲动的) spending on luxury brands or frequent 　5　 of trendy bubble tea.They would rather save up for good quality clothes that will last a long time,instead of some cheaply made fast-fashion 　6　.To resist the temptation of impulse buying,some have chosen to
　7　 applications like Taobao and Meituan from their devices.These frugal
　8　 have also banded together to form online communities,with one Douban group boasting a membership of 600,000,where members 　9　 ideas and support each other in their journey towards financial freedom.
Saving cash through the purchase of used goods is a strategy adopted by many who 　10　 that second hand does not always mean second rate.　11　, I once bought a pair of 　12　 worn Crockett Jones shoes,a British brand with a regular price tag of $1,200,for a mere $100.What a 　13　!Moreover, choosing second-hand items supports environmental conservation by giving new life to objects that would otherwise 　14　 in landfills,reducing waste and promoting reuse.
Frugality,　15　 in Chinese culture since Confucius,is a virtue.Yet,the joy of bargain hunting adds a modern twist to this ancient wisdom.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。学习如何明智地花钱是我们年轻时都应该学习的宝贵一课。在中国,越来越多的年轻人正在接受这一原则,并发现节俭既有益又令人愉快。
1.A.version　　　 B.restriction
C.principle D.presentation
答案 C
解析 上文“Money doesn’t grow on trees”以及“learning how to spend money wisely is a valuable lesson we should all learn when we are young”提到,如何明智地花钱是我们年轻时都应该学习的宝贵一课,由此可知,此处应表示越来越多的年轻人正在接受这一原则。
2.A.available B.enjoyable
C.demanding D.incredible
答案 B
解析 根据句意以及上文的“can be both rewarding”可知,此处应表示节俭既有益又令人愉快。故选B项。
3.A.invisible B.valuable
C.friendly D.financial
答案 D
解析 根据上文提到的如何明智地花钱是我们年轻时都应该学习的宝贵一课,以及下文的“by sharing their budget-friendly strategies”可知,此处应表示中国的年轻人应该积极承担起财务责任。
4.A.advocate B.intend
C.indicate D.pretend
答案 A
解析 下文“...against impulsive spending on luxury brands”提到,反对冲动消费奢侈品牌,由此可知,此处应表示他们并不倡导冲动消费。故选A项。
5.A.visits B.creations
C.purchases D.celebrations
答案 C
解析 根据上文提到的反对冲动消费奢侈品牌,以及下文的“trendy bubble tea”可知,此处应表示反对频繁购买时尚的珍珠奶茶。
6.A.items B.shoes
C.pants D.hats
答案 A
解析 上文“They would rather save up for good quality clothes”提到,他们宁愿存钱买经久耐用的高质量衣服,由此可知,此处应表示不愿买廉价的快时尚物品。
7.A.download B.remove
C.advertise D.update
答案 B
解析 上文“To resist the temptation of impulse buying”提到抵制冲动购物的诱惑,再根据下文的“applications like Taobao and Meituan”可知,此处应表示一些人选择从他们的设备中删除淘宝和美团等应用程序。
8.A.assistants B.operators
C.pessimists D.enthusiasts
答案 D
解析 根据句意以及下文的“have also banded together to form online communities”可知,此处应表示这些节俭爱好者还联合起来组成了网络社区。
9.A.exchange B.perform
C.polish D.presume
答案 A
解析 根据下文的“and support each other in their journey towards financial freedom”可知,此处应表示在那里,成员们在走向财务自由的道路上交换意见,相互支持。
10.A.mean B.forbid
C.resume D.recognize
答案 D
解析 下文的“that second hand does not always mean second rate”提到,二手不意味着次品,由此可知,此处应表示他们认识到二手并不总是意味着次品。
11.A.Above all B.For instance
C.In turn D.On average
答案 B
解析 根据下文“I once bought a pair of 　　　worn Crockett Jones shoes”可知,此处应为列举出的例子。
12.A.barely B.badly
C.deadly D.totally
答案 A
解析 根据上文提到的他们认识到二手并不总是意味着次品,以及下文的“a British brand with a regular price tag of $1,200,for a mere $100”可知,此处应表示花了100美元买了一双几乎没有穿过的Crockett Jones鞋,这是一个标价1200美元的英国品牌。
13.A.day B.bargain
C.pity D.shame
答案 B
解析 根据上文“a British brand with a regular price tag of $1,200,for a mere $100”提到,花了100美元买了一双几乎没有穿过的Crockett Jones鞋,这是一个标价1200美元的英国品牌。由此可知,此处应表示这是非常便宜的商品。
14.A.make up B.turn up
C.bring up D.end up
答案 D
解析 根据句意以及下文的“in landfills”可知,此处应表示它给那些最终会被扔进垃圾填埋场的物品赋予了新的生命。
15.A.rooted B.originated
C.lived D.spotted
答案 A
解析 根据句意以及下文的“in Chinese culture since Confucius”可知,此处应表示节俭是一种美德,自孔子以来就植根于中国文化。