备战2025年高考英语二轮复习专题3 完形填空 第4讲 议论文课件（共46张）

(共46张PPT)
第4讲　议论文
目 录 索 引
体裁解读
技法点拨
01
02
体裁解读
议论文是高考完形填空较难的一种文体,一般由三个要素组成:论点、论据、结论。论点和论据形成一体,相互印证。有时作者为了使文章脉络清晰、行文流畅,会使用一些过渡词,如:on the contrary,all in all,in short,generally speaking,worse still,on the other hand,in conclusion,as a consequence等。做题时要注意以下几点:
解题要领 内容解读
首句制胜,论点明确 议论文完形填空的首句常常是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提出论点,然后在各段的首句提出分论点。
不同的论点提出方式 ①开门见山地提出论点,然后再通过具体的论据去证明论点,论据有时候既有正面的论据,也有反面的论据,最后总结全文。②导入式提出论点。先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象,然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点,再用具体的论据去证明自己的论点。③最后提出论点。有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象,不表明自己的观点,而是通过对具体现象的分析,最后得出一个结论。
关注尾段 尾段通常照应论点。
[典型例题](2022浙江6月改编)
Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch—and they love it.“Again,Daddy,again!”Jacky shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again.His trust in me is 　1　,which is quite a nice feeling,but at the same time gives me a huge sense of 　2　.
I hope Jacky will always trust me fully,but I know that,as he gets 　3　,it will need more effort and sound judgment on my part.Trust is such an important part of a 　4　 relationship that it’s something that can’t 　5　 to lose.Every time I introduce Jacky to something new,he’ll do it only because he trusts me and feels 　6　 in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt.　7　, teaching Jacky to swim means he has to 　8　 that,when he’s swimming in the big pool,I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
　9　 in the workplace,trust is important for strong 　10　.It is something that every manager should work hard to 　11　 among their team. If people don’t trust you,they’re unlikely to 　12　 your directions and willingly become a loyal(忠诚) team member.A 　13　 of trust can make people work against you rather than for you.At the very least,it means that people are not going to be 　14　 you their best.Good 　15　,like good parenting,is a long-term commitment.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。短文论述了信任在亲子关系中和在工作管理方面的重要性。
1.A.reasonable　　 B.limited
C.absolute D.important
答案 C
解析 根据上文“Again,Daddy,again!”可知,孩子要求一次次被抛向空中,由此可知,他对父亲是完全信任的。故选C项。
2.A.relief B.satisfaction
C.achievement D.responsibility
答案 D
解析 结合语境,此处指孩子对父亲的信任也成了父亲的责任,即孩子的信任给了父亲一种责任感。故选D项。
3.A.older B.busier
C.quieter D.healthier
答案 A
解析 根据下文“it will need more effort and sound judgment on my part”可知,随着他长大,这需要作者付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选A项。
4.A.long-distance B.high-risk
C.parent-child D.teacher-student
答案 C
解析 本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系,所以是一种亲子关系。故选C项。
5.A.afford B.choose
C.wait D.expect
答案 A
解析 根据上文“Trust is such an important part of a 　　　relationship”可知,它是一种不能失去的东西。afford to do sth“能够做某事”。故选A项。
6.A.safe B.happy
C.proud D.grateful
答案 A
解析 根据上文“he trusts me”和下文“in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt”可知,只是因为他相信作者,知道自己不会受伤,所以觉得自己会很安全。故选A项。
7.A.Above all B.In addition
C.At first D.For example
答案 D
解析 根据上文内容以及下文“teaching Jacky to swim means he has to 　　”可知,作者在举例子。故选D项。
8.A.admit B.believe
C.suggest D.imagine
答案 B
解析 根据上文“because he trusts me”可知,教儿子游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时,如果他溺水,作者会去救他。故选B项。
9.A.However B.Therefore
C.Similarly D.Fortunately
答案 C
解析 作者从父子之间的信任转移到职场,所以同样,在工作场所,信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选C项。
10.A.affection B.determination
C.friendship D.leadership
答案 D
解析 根据下文“It is something that every manager”可知,信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选D项。
11.A.assess B.organize
C.develop D.understand
答案 C
解析 根据常识可知,获得别人的信任需要培养。故选C项。
12.A.repeat B.follow
C.change D.forget
答案 B
解析 根据上文“If people don’t trust you”可知,如果人们不信任你,他们就不太可能听从你的指示。故选B项。
13.A.gesture B.measure
C.bond D.lack
答案 D
解析 根据下文“make people work against you rather than for you”可知,缺乏信任会让人们与你作对而不是支持你。故选D项。
14.A.telling B.giving
C.selling D.sending
答案 B
解析 其他人不信任你,所以不会给你展现他们最好的水平。故选B项。
15.A.management B.personality
C.communication D.education
答案 A
解析 根据上文“in the workplace”以及“manager”可知,作者在说管理。故选A项。
技法点拨
技法1 利用排除法解题
[典例]If people don’t trust you,they’re unlikely to 12.follow your directions and willingly become a loyal(忠诚) team member.A 　13　 of trust can make people work against you rather than for you.At the very least,it means that people are not going to be 14.giving you their best.
13.A.gesture　　　 B.measure
C.bond D.lack
分析
根据下文“make people work against you rather than for you”可知,缺乏信任会让人们与你作对,而不是支持你。
[自主解答]　 　
D
【点拨】在掌握文章大意和细节的前提下,考生可以试填试题中的各个选项,选出最吻合语境、最衔接语义的选项,这种解题方法被称为“排除错项”。
[真题体验](2023新课标Ⅰ卷)
Once there,Lenoue was 　49　 and later taken to a hospital,where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.She would have struggled with extreme 50.pain to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
49.A.interrupted　　 B.assessed
C.identified D.appreciated
答案 B
解析 根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知,她是先接受了检查,再被送往医院,也就是先接受“评估”,因此B项最吻合语境,这样就能排除另外三个选项。故选B项。
技法2 利用词汇复现法解题
在高考完形填空中,命题人往往通过原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、同源词复现、反义词复现、上下词复现等方式重现已经出现过的词汇。做题时,在把握语篇、透析语境的前提下,应留心选项中是否有与上下文相对应的词汇,运用词汇复现技巧快速锁定答案。
[典例]...he’ll do it only because he trusts me and feels 6.safe in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt.7.For example,teaching Jacky to swim means he has to
　8　 that,when he’s swimming in the big pool,I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
8.A.admit　　　　 B.believe
C.suggest D.imagine
分析
利用同义词复现解题。根据上文“because he trusts me”可知,教儿子游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时,如果他溺水,作者会去救他。believe是trust的同义复现。
[自主解答]　 　
B
【点拨】完形填空中主要考查的五大复现关系:
(1)原词复现——在上下文中同一词汇重复出现
原词复现是指一个单词在一个语义场中以同样的词形反复出现,有时兼有词形变化。
[真题体验1](2023全国乙卷)
“I’m going to inspire so many people,” she said.“I’m ready to 　60　.” And shine she did.
60.A.shine　　　　 B.fly
C.dance D.score
答案 A
解析 由上文“I’m going to inspire so many people”和下文“And shine she did.”可知,她认为自己将会激励很多人,即自己会发光,影响到很多人。空格处的shine是空后shine 的原词复现。故选A项。
(2)同根词复现——词形变化的词汇复现
同根词复现是指文中的某个句子中复现了所填词的派生词。这类题首先要求考生在平时的学习中掌握基本的构词法和基本词缀,其次是要能在上下文中找出相应的线索。
[真题体验2](2023新课标Ⅱ卷)
It just 44.happened that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot,Karen,who 45.offered to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.What I was to do was fly to Topeka to 46.pick up Tiffy.
...
The flight was 53.uneventful,and Tiffy was a great passenger.The next day,she 　54　 with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days.He was so 55.thankful and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures.It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.
54.A.returned B.fought
C.flew D.agreed
答案 C
解析 根据上文中“I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot,Karen, who offered to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia”和空前的“The flight was uneventful,and Tiffy was a great passenger.”可知,Karen带着Tiffy飞往弗吉尼亚州。本空中的flew与前文的flight是同根词复现。故选C项。
(3)同/近义词复现——意思相同、相近的表达方式或者解释性的词汇复现
同/近义词复现是指上下文中的某个甚至是多个句子出现了所填词的同/近义词,对所填词所在的句子起到了诠释或照应的作用。
[真题体验3](2023全国乙卷)
To become the Olympic champion in the individual(个人) all-around event,Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 41.knew best...Even at 14, Douglas knew that.So she 　47　 about 1,200 miles away from home,to 48.train with a coach from China.
47.A.dropped out B.moved on
C.pulled over D.went off
答案 D
解析 drop out退出;move on继续;pull over靠边停车;go off离开。由下文“about 1,200 miles away from home”可知,Gabby Douglas到了一个离家
1 200英里的地方。空中的 went off与第41空前的leave是同义词复现。故选D项。
[真题体验4](2022浙江1月卷)
Eventually,Ms Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research 　43　 at Tel Aviv University in Israel...Ms Burdeyney began raising 46.money for the project with a friend,Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman.
43.A.course B.program
C.paper D.conference
答案 B
解析 由46空后的the project可知,此处指一个眼睛研究项目。故选B项。program与project是同义词复现。
(4)反义词复现——意思相反或对比性解释的词汇复现
反义词复现是指上下文中的某个句子与所填词所在的句子表达了相反的意思,在原句和复现句之间常有but,however,or,while等词进行连接,表达相反或相对的含义。
[真题体验5](2023新课标Ⅱ卷)
When I met Tiffy’s owners,they seemed very 　47　.George,the husband, was trying to be calm,but I could tell this was 48.hard for him,having to leave his dog to a 49.stranger and trust that everything would 50.work out.
47.A.confused B.nervous
C.annoyed D.curious
答案 B
解析 confused困惑的;nervous紧张的;annoyed恼怒的;curious好奇的。由but可知,此处与空后的calm(平静的)构成反义关系,也就是要表示“紧张的,不安的”。
(5)同场词汇复现——意义相关的词汇复现
意义相关的词汇复现在同一语篇中,构成以某一话题为中心的词汇链,因其共同出现的倾向性,被称为“同场”词汇。比如:ears与hear/listen to;ill,pale, nurse,doctor和operation等。
[真题体验6](2022全国乙卷)
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.Each 47.child sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or
　48　.We then asked the child if she could 　49　 or hear the adult. Surprisingly,children replied that they couldn’t.The same 50.thing happened when the adult covered her own mouth:51.Now children said that they couldn’t 　52　 to her.
48.A.feet B.nose
C.hands D.ears
答案 D
解析 根据下文“or hear the adult”可知,实验中,儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音,所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。此处ears与下文中的hear是同场词汇复现。
49.A.see B.help
C.reach D.fool
答案 A
解析 根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知,成年人遮住了自己的眼睛,所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。此处see与上文中的eyes是同场词汇复现。
52.A.speak B.listen
C.turn D.wave
答案 A
解析 根据语境,此处表示当成年人捂住自己的嘴,此时孩子们说他们不能和成年人说话了。此处speak与上文中的mouth是同场词汇复现。
课堂应用
(2024江西景德镇三模)
Every mountain has a peak.Every valley has its 　1　 point.No one is up all the time,nor are they down all the time.Life has its 　2　.Problems do
　3　.However,they are all resolved in time.
You may not be able to control the times,but you can 　4　 your response.You can turn your pain into 　5　 or into appreciation.The choice is up to you.However tough your time is,you can 　6　 how you will react to it.
The positive solution to a problem is that you need courage to 　7　 it. When you control your reaction to the 　8　 uncontrollable problem of life, then in fact you do control the problem’s 　9　 on you.Your reaction to the problem is the last word!That’s the 　10　.What will you let this problem do to you It can make you 　11　 or tough.It can make you bitter or better.It all depends on you.
In the final analysis,the reason why the tough people can 　12　 the hard times is that they’ve chosen to react positively to their problems.Tough times never last,but tough people do.Tough people 　13　 it out.History teaches us that no problem is 　14　.Your problem will be solved and,as you know, storms always 　15　 the sun.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过比喻山峰和山谷,阐述了人生有起有落,但无论遇到什么问题,最终都会得到解决。鼓励读者积极面对困难,选择正确的应对方式,因为最终的结果是取决于个人的选择和反应。
1.A.high　　　　 B.low
C.shallow D.deep
答案 B
解析 根据上文“Every mountain has a peak.”可知,山峰有顶点,山谷有低点,两句话形成前后对照,故选B项。
2.A.ups and downs B.twists and turns
C.odds and ends D.twos and threes
答案 A
解析 根据上文“No one is up all the time,nor are they down all the time.”可知,人们都会有起起伏伏的时候,故选A项。
3.A.end B.rise
C.raise D.interrupt
答案 B
解析 根据下文“However,they are all resolved in time.”可知,问题最终会解决,说明有问题会出现,故选B项。
4.A.release B.hide
C.hold D.value
答案 C
解析 根据上文“You may not be able to control the times”可知,人们无法控制时间,但是可以控制自己的反应,这里hold是control的近义词。
5.A.complaint B.spell
C.note D.memory
答案 A
解析 根据下文“or into appreciation”可知,控制反应包括将痛苦转化为某种东西,而抱怨是可能的转化方式之一,另外一种是感激。
6.A.identify B.attempt
C.choose D.consider
答案 C
解析 根据上文“The choice is up to you.”可知,决定权在人们自己手里,也就是人们可以自己选择如何面对。故选C项。
7.A.address B.assess
C.access D.aid
答案 A
解析 根据上文“The positive solution to a problem”可知,控制对不可控问题的反应意味着去面对它,address在这里是动词,意思是“解决”。
8.A.apparently B.obviously
C.abruptly D.seemingly
答案 D
解析 根据下文“then in fact you do control the problem’s 　　　on you”可知,问题看似不可控,但实际上可以通过控制反应来控制问题对你的影响。
9.A.cause B.process
C.impact D.result
答案 C
解析 根据上文“you control your reaction to the 　　　uncontrollable problem of life”可知,控制反应意味着控制问题带来的影响。
10.A.bottom line B.safety rule
C.comfort zone D.top secret
答案 A
解析 根据上文“Your reaction to the problem is the last word!”可知,对问题的反应是最终的决定性因素,bottom line和上文的last word是近义词。
11.A.clever B.intelligent
C.wild D.delicate
答案 D
解析 根据下文“or tough”可知,问题可以使人变差或变得更好,而脆弱是可能的结果之一。
12.A.save B.survive
C.benefit D.live
答案 B
解析 根据下文“the hard times”可知,坚强的人能够度过艰难时刻,也就是在困难的时刻存活下来。
13.A.put B.cut
C.stick D.stress
答案 C
解析 根据上文“Tough times never last,but tough people do.”可知,坚强的人能够生存艰难时刻,能够坚持下来,stick it out是固定搭配,意思是坚持,和上文的last逻辑一致。
14.A.temporary B.permanent
C.reliable D.constant
答案 B
解析 根据下文“Your problem will be solved...”可知,问题最终会被解决,说明问题不是永久的。
15.A.hold on to B.live up to
C.go back to D.give way to
答案 D
解析 根据下文“the sun”可知,暴风雨最终会结束,太阳会再次出现,也就是暴风雨会给太阳让位。