备战2025年高考英语二轮复习专题3 ：完形填空 第1讲 记叙文课件(共58张PPT)

(共58张PPT)
第1讲　记叙文
目 录 索 引
体裁解读
技法点拨
01
02
专题概览
考情表解
年份 卷名 体裁 主题 考点分布 主题语境 主题语境内容 句内层次题 句组层次题 语篇层次题 词性考查
2024 新课标Ⅰ卷 夹叙夹议文 人与自我 设定适合自己的目标 4 9 2 动词(短语)8个;名词5个;形容词1个;副词1个
新课标Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与社会 定居意 大利 5 9 1 动词(短语)9个;名词5个;形容词1个
全国甲卷 记叙文 人与自我 听奶奶讲述她儿时的故事 3 13 4 动词(短语)7个;名词8个;形容词3个;副词1个;其他短语1个
年份 卷名 体裁 主题 考点分布 主题语境 主题语境内容 句内层次题 句组层次题 语篇层次题 词性考查
2023 新课标Ⅰ卷 记叙文 人与社会 救助受伤对手 6 6 3 动词(短语)6个;名词7个;形容词2个
新课标Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与社会 宠物公益航班 6 5 4 动词(短语)7个;名词3个;形容词4个;副词1个
全国 乙卷 记叙文 人与自我 黑人女性夺冠经历 9 8 3 动词(短语)12个;名词3个;形容词3个;副词1个;其他短语1个
全国 甲卷 夹叙夹议文 人与自我 不要以貌取 “物” 7 10 3 动词(短语)8个;名词4个;形容词7个;其他短语1个
年份 卷名 体裁 主题 考点分布 主题语境 主题语境 内容 句内层次题 句组层次题 语篇层次题 词性考查
2022 新高考Ⅰ卷 记叙文 人与自我 露营经历 8 4 3 动词(短语)5个;名词5个;形容词3个;副词1个;其他短语1个
全国乙卷 说明文 人与自我 与捉迷藏相关的儿童发展实验 9 7 4 动词(短语)7个;名词7个;形容词4个;副词2个
全国甲卷 记叙文 人与社会 宠物情缘 10 6 4 动词(短语)8个;名词7个;形容词3个;副词1个;其他短语1个
命题趋势
1.选材立意分析:文体以记叙文为主。主题语境以人与自我和人与社会主题居多,选材凸显立德树人、以文化人的价值导向作用。
2.考查能力分析:考点布设上主要考查动词、名词、形容词和副词,其他词类零星考查。命题体现“突出语篇”的指导思想,考查考生对上下文衔接关系、行文逻辑等的综合理解。着重考查考生的词汇运用能力、阅读理解能力、分析判断能力、逻辑推理能力和跨文化交际能力。
体裁解读
记叙文完形填空可分为叙事和记人两种形式,它们有几个显著的特点:以一般过去时为主,其他时态为辅;大量使用动词;适当出现直接引语。做题时要注意以下几点:
解题要领 要领解读
抓住文章中心 中心思想有助于明确做题方向,提高针对性。文章题目揭示中心思想;如无题目,关注文章开头、结尾,尤其是议论抒情的语句,也可抓住文章的中心。
明确叙述角度 在做题时考生可采用“角色渗透法”,这样有助于走进作者的思维,深入理解文章的含义。
理清写作顺序 记叙文的写作顺序包括顺叙、倒叙、插叙、补叙、分叙,理清写作顺序有助于了解事件发展的来龙去脉,从而更迅速、准确地理解文意。
明确写作要素 弄清记叙文的六要素5W1H,即when、where、who、what、why、how,明确这些写作要素就基本上抓住了文章的主体。
洞悉写作目的 写作目的是借助叙事、写人或写景来阐明一个道理,给人以启迪或教益。
[典型例题](2024新课标Ⅱ卷)
When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago,I didn’t think too long.I liked traveling in France,but when it came to picking my favorite spot to
　41　,Italy was the clear winner.
During my first visit to Italy,I 　42　 to ask for directions or order in a restaurant.But every time I tried to 　43　 a sentence of Italian together,the locals smiled at me and 　44　 my language skills.That encouragement helped me to get through the language 　45　.After I made Italy my permanent home,I discovered how 　46　 Italians are.Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 　47　 me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.It’s these small 　48　 of kindness that make a new country feel like home.
As a foodie,the way to my heart is through my stomach,and nowhere fuels my 　49　 quite like Italy.Each town has its own traditional 　50　,and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another.Families
　51　 for big meals on Sundays,birthdays,and whatever other excuses they can 　52　.These meals are always 　53　 by laughter and joy.Whatever
　54　 life in Italy might have,the problems are 　55　 once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者十年前决定在欧洲购房时选择了意大利,而不是法国,原因是作者在意大利受到了当地人的鼓励,感受到了他们的温暖,这让他有了家的感觉。
41.A.study　 B.rent　
C.visit　 D.settle
答案 D
解析 根据下文“After I made Italy my permanent home”以及“make a new country feel like home”可知,作者选择最喜欢的地方定居(settle)。
42.A.planned B.struggled
C.refused D.happened
答案 B
解析 根据上文“During my first visit to Italy”可推知,此处指作者第一次到意大利,语言不通,问路或在餐馆点餐都很难(struggled)。
43.A.string B.hang
C.mix D.match
答案 A
解析 根据下文“a sentence of Italian together”可知,作者努力想用意大利语串成(string)一句话。
44.A.improved B.assessed
C.admired D.praised
答案 D
解析 根据上文“the locals smiled at me”以及下文“That encouragement”可知,作者尝试说意大利语,当地人赞扬(praised)作者的语言能力。
45.A.course B.barrier
C.area D.test
答案 B
解析 根据上文“the locals smiled at me and 　　　my language skills.That encouragement helped me”可知,当地人的鼓励帮助作者克服了语言障碍(barrier)。
46.A.open-minded B.strong-willed
C.warm-hearted D.well-informed
答案 C
解析 根据下文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese”和“will come to my door to 　　　me to close the window in my car when rain is coming”可知,邻居非常热情(warm-hearted)。
47.A.remind B.allow
C.persuade D.order
答案 A
解析 根据“will come to my door”和“me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可知,热心的邻居在下雨的时候来作者家提醒(remind)他关上车窗。
48.A.tricks B.promises
C.acts D.duties
答案 C
解析 根据上文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 　　　me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可知,正是这些小小的善举(acts)让人在一个陌生的国度有了家的感觉。
49.A.ambition B.success
C.appetite D.growth
答案 C
解析 根据上文“As a foodie,the way to my heart is through my stomach”可知,没有什么地方能像意大利那样激发作者的食欲(appetite)。
50.A.costume B.dish
C.symbol D.tale
答案 B
解析 根据上文“fuels my 　　　”以及下文“every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another”可知,意大利各家都有自己的传统菜肴(dish)。
51.A.gather B.cheer
C.leave D.wait
答案 A
解析 根据上文“Families”以及下文“for big meals on Sundays,birthdays,and whatever other excuses”可知,一家人聚集(gather)在一起吃饭。
52.A.put up with B.stand up for
C.come up with D.make up for
答案 C
解析 根据上文“whatever other excuses they can”可知,家人们为了聚在一起吃饭而想出(come up with)的理由。
53.A.signaled B.confirmed
C.represented D.accompanied
答案 D
解析 根据下文“by laughter and joy”可知,家人们在一起用餐时伴随着欢声笑语。accompanied by意为“伴随着……”。
54.A.disadvantages B.meanings
C.surprises D.opportunities
答案 A
解析 根据上文“Whatever”以及下文“the problems”可知,此处指在意大利的生活可能存在不便之处(disadvantages)。
55.A.created B.forgotten
C.understood D.identified
答案 B
解析 根据上文“Whatever 　　　life in Italy might have,the problems”以及下文“once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family”可知,无论在意大利的生活可能存在什么不便之处,一旦你和朋友、家人坐下来吃顿大餐,这些问题就会被遗忘(forgotten)。
技法点拨
技法1 利用首句提供的信息解题
[典例]When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago,I didn’t think too long.I liked traveling in France,but when it came to picking my favorite spot to 　41　,Italy was the clear winner.
41.A.study　　　　 B.rent
C.visit D.settle
分析
利用首句分析法解题。根据上文的“decided to buy a house in Europe”及“but when it came to picking my favorite spot”可知,虽然作者喜欢在法国旅行,但是最终还是选择在意大利定居。
[自主解答]　 　
D
【点拨】文章或段落的首句有时为主题句,下文内容往往围绕这一主题展开。因此,利用首句所提供的信息判断正确的选项是一种非常有效的解题方法。记叙文往往在首句交代时间、地点、人物、事件等要素,下文将按照一定的线索展开叙述。说明文一般在首句点明要说明的事物是什么,然后对事物的主要特征进行说明。议论文往往在首句提出论点,下文则列出一个个论据证明这一论点。
[真题体验](2021新高考Ⅰ卷)
My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school,when, for three whole days,I worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries,which,at Easter time,　41　 little bunny(兔子) cakes for all its 　42　throughout Cleveland.It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for 　43　 help during our spring break,for which I had no 　44　 beyond listening to my favorite records.I’d 　45　 minimum wage.I’d see how a factory 　46　. My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their 　47　.
43.A.generous　　 B.financial
C.technical D.temporary
答案 D
解析 根据上文的“in middle school”和“for three whole days”可知,作者是短期打工,再结合下文的“during our spring break”可知,此处表示春假期间,市中心的工厂临时需要八个孩子来帮忙。
45.A.offer B.earn
C.set D.suggest
答案 B
解析 根据上文中的“as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school”和空后的“minimum wage”可知,作者当时还是中学生,要做的是临时工的工作,挣的是最低工资。
46.A.worked B.closed
C.developed D.survived
答案 A
解析 由上文中的“I worked in a baking factory.”可知,作者去工厂打工,在那里她可以获知工厂是如何运转的。
技法2 利用一词多义或熟词生义解题
[典例]During my first visit to Italy,I struggled to ask for directions or order in a restaurant.But every time I tried to 　43　 a sentence of Italian together,the locals smiled at me and praised my language skills.That encouragement helped me to get through the language barrier.
43.A.string　　　　 B.hang
C.mix D.match
分析
利用熟词生义解题。作者刚到意大利时,有语言障碍,所以每次在表达自己的意思时,会用意大利语拼凑句子。string作名词意思是“线”,用作动词意为“把……串起来”,这是生义。
[自主解答]　 　
【点拨】一词多义和熟词生义是近几年高考中不断出现的词汇活用现象。备考时应注意单词本义以及根据词根推断单词生僻意义。
A
[真题体验1](2023浙江1月卷)
Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often 43.dangerous... Sitting on a branch,he 　50　 towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive.
50.A.backed　　　 B.dived
C.shouted D.inched
答案 D
解析 back支持;dive跳水;shout对……大声喊叫;inch缓慢移动。根据上文“Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often dangerous.”可知,采集蜂蜜是困难且危险的工作,此处指Ziyad小心翼翼地凑近蜂箱,将烟吹入蜂箱中。故选D项。inch熟义为“英寸”,此处为生义“(使)缓慢移动”。
[真题体验2](2022新高考Ⅰ卷)
So 45.instead of tying him up,I just kept a close eye on him.It 　46　—he didn’t end up in the creek.My three-year-old,however,did.
46.A.worked B.happened
C.mattered D.changed
答案 A
解析 work起作用;happen发生;matter要紧;change改变。根据下文“he didn’t end up in the creek”可推知,此处指作者的办法起作用了,孩子没有掉进小溪里。work熟义为“工作”,此处为生义“起作用,奏效”。
技法3 利用逻辑关系解题
语篇是由一些意义相关的句子根据一定的逻辑关系组织起来的语义整体。逻辑关系隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落间的衔接中,体现作者的写作思路和篇章意义,是贯穿整篇文章的主线。完形填空中的任何一道题该选哪个选项,在文中必有依据。因此,解答完形填空最基本的方法就是根据空格前后所提供的信息或上下文之间的逻辑关系,由已知部分推断出未知部分,做出符合逻辑的判断。
[典例]During my first visit to Italy,I 　42　 to ask for directions or order in a restaurant.But every time I tried to 43.string a sentence of Italian together,the locals smiled at me and praised my language skills.
42.A.planned　　 B.struggled
C.refused D.happened
分析
利用对立关系解题。 But表示上下文为转折关系。由下文“smiled at me”可知,作者初到意大利,语言不通,所以在问路和在餐厅点菜时会遇到困难。当地人给作者很大的鼓励,帮助作者克服了语言障碍。
[自主解答]　 　
B
【点拨】完形填空中主要考查的七大逻辑关系:
1.对立关系
对立关系包括让步、对比和转折关系,常见的标志词和短语有but,however, yet,on the contrary(相反),by contrast(相比之下),unfortunately,although,even though,while,nevertheless,whereas,in spite of,regardless of,anyhow,after all, instead of,rather than,not...but...,otherwise,or else,to the opposite,compared with等。
[真题体验1](2023新课标Ⅱ卷)
When I met Tiffy’s owners,they seemed very 47.nervous.George,the husband,was trying to be calm,but I could tell this was 　48　 for him,having to leave his dog to a 49.stranger and trust that everything would 50.work out.
48.A.hard　　　　 B.fine
C.common D.lucky
答案 A
解析 根据上文“was trying to be calm”和转折连词but可知,虽然他试图保持冷静,但把狗留给一个陌生人对主人来说很难。故选A项。
[真题体验2](2023全国甲卷)
Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle,but it was 　57　.
57.A.perfect B.useful
C.convenient D.familiar
答案 A
解析 perfect完美的;useful有用的;convenient便利的;familiar熟悉的。根据上文“Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle”以及空前的but可知,此处表转折,即马里奥的酒可能是混浊的,而且是从一个旧瓶子里被倒出来的,但它是完美的。故选A项。
2.并列和递进关系
并列和递进关系常用的标志词和短语有and,even,or,neither...nor...,not only... but (also)...,similarly等。
[真题体验3](2019北京卷)
The students who he’s 15.driven have gone on to become physicians, teachers and engineers,but what they’ve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson.Some students 　16　 call him “Grandpa”.
16.A.even B.ever
C.once D.already
答案 A
解析 根据语境,此处表示这些大学生视威尔逊为楷模和朋友,甚至(even)亲切地叫他“爷爷”。
[真题体验4](2022全国甲卷)
A year later,much to my 58.delight,this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me.He did not kneel(跪) down,nor did I 　59　 him to.That’s only for giving 60.water to the dogs that brought us together.
59.A.beg B.trust
C.need D.aid
答案 C
解析 由下文“That’s only for giving water to the dogs”可知,之前史蒂夫给作者的爱犬喂水这一举动就足以拉近他们两人的关系,因此作者也不需要他下跪。此处nor表示递进关系,意为“也不”。
3.目的和因果关系
目的和因果关系常用的标志词和短语有because,for,since,as,thus,hence, therefore,so,so...that,such...that,in order that,in case,consequently,accordingly, due to,thanks to,on account of,because of,seeing that,in that(因为),now that,as a result,for this reason等。
[真题体验5](2021浙江卷)
My mother was so 51.touched by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier(收银员) a five-dollar bill to keep on hand
　52　 the same happened to someone else if they didn’t have enough 53.money for all of their groceries.
52.A.in case B.even if
C.as though D.so that
答案 A
解析 in case以防万一;even if即使;as though好像;so that以便。根据语境可知,受到陌生女士的启发,作者的母亲决定在收银台放5美元,以防别人也遇到类似的情况。
4.条件关系
条件关系常用的标志词和短语有if,unless,whether,supposing,on condition that,provided that,depending on等。
[真题体验6]As you mark off another “Earth Day” in your calendars,content that for at least 24 hours I remained in your thoughts,I wanted to remind you that I am sick.I’m frightened that 　1　 I can’t soon receive the appropriate medicine and care I need,my illness will become terminal beyond all cures.
1.A.when B.though
C.if D.unless
答案 C
解析 句意:我担心如果我不能很快地得到我所需要的适当的药物和护理,我的病就会变成不治之症。if引导条件状语从句。
5.时间关系
时间关系常用的标志词和短语有before,since,as(随着),until,meanwhile,at the moment,when,whenever,as soon as等。
[真题体验7](2020江苏卷)
For him,it was one thing to 49.accept his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue 　50　 it could be fixed so easily.This moved him to action.
50.A.until B.when
C.unless D.before
答案 B
解析 根据下文“This moved him to action.”可知,对他来说,接受自己失明的命运是一回事,而在事情还容易解决的情况下却放任不管就完全是另一回事了。when“当……的时候”,符合此处语境。
6.层次和顺序关系
层次和顺序关系常用的标志词和短语有besides,finally,first,firstly,further, eventually,in the first place,last,next,second,secondly,third,thirdly,to begin with,to start with,on the one hand...on the other (hand)...等。
[真题体验8](2023浙江1月卷)
I 44.followed beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle.Ziyad began preparations.He 45.gathered handfuls of damp tree leaves,wrapped them with string,and 46.lit the bunch to create a torch(火把).Then,with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree,Ziyad began 47.climbing.He stopped every few minutes to move the 48.rope higher up the tree trunk.
　49　,Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground.
49.A.Finally B.Surprisingly
C.Naturally D.Immediately
答案 A
解析 finally最终;surprisingly令人意外地;naturally自然地;immediately立刻。根据上文的表顺序关系的关键词“began preparations”和“Then”可知,本空填“Finally”能与上文形成顺承关系。故选A项。
7.例证关系
例证关系常用的标志词和短语有all in all,altogether,in brief,in sum,in conclusion,in short,in summary,on the whole,to sum up,to summarize,as a proof,as an example,for example,for instance,to name but a few,in particular, just as,namely,such as,that is,as to,say(比方说)等。
[真题体验9]“I hope this method would be put into practice in the near future,
　1　in the next 10 years,” he says.
1.A.imagine B.say
C.suppose D.consider
答案 B
解析 say在此处用作举例,意为“譬如,比方说”。
课堂应用
(2024浙江1月卷)
While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the northwestern China,I had the kind of humbling,educational,and above all else,wonderful 　1　 with a local that all travelers long for.A young Chinese man 　2　 me on the train.My 　3　 friend spoke virtually no English,so I happily took the 　4　 to practice my Chinese.
Over several hours he would tell me about how he had 　5　 a two-year professional school to quickly find a job 　6　 highways in order to help support his family.Perhaps most 　7　,however,was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor.Without batting an eye he would 　8　 a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American 　9　 as a whole.“And what do you all learn about Russian authors ” I 　10　 him asking at one point.
It would have been easy to 　11　 my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home.But this highly informed,　12　,and admirable person prevented me doing so.In the course of a couple of hours,he 　13　 me just how much one can gain from 　14　 with an open mind,and a willingness to 　15　 with locals from all walks of life.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者有一次在火车上偶遇了一名年轻的中国男子,在交谈中发现年轻人见多识广、自学成才,是一个令人钦佩的人。
1.A.experiment　　 B.encounter
C.competition D.appointment
答案 B
解析 根据下文“with a local that all travelers long for”可知作者和当地人有了一次邂逅。故选B项。
2.A.treated　 B.saved　　
C.lectured　 D.approached
答案 D
解析 根据下文“me on the train”以及下文两人的交谈可知,一名年轻的中国男子在火车上向作者走来。故选D项。
3.A.true B.so-called
C.new D.long-lost
答案 C
解析 根据上文“A young Chinese man”可知,两人是在火车上认识的,所以是新朋友。故选C项。
4.A.chance B.advice
C.trouble D.right
答案 A
解析 根据下文“to practice my Chinese”可知,作者抓住这个机会练习中文。故选A项。
5.A.visited B.financed
C.attended D.founded
答案 C
解析 根据下文“a two-year professional school”可知,这名年轻人去上了一所为期两年的专业学校。故选C项。
6.A.building B.sweeping
C.checking D.guarding
答案 A
解析 根据下文“this highway builder”可知,这名年轻人是公路建设者,修建公路。故选A项。
7.A.typical B.obvious
C.natural D.remarkable
答案 D
解析 根据下文“this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor”可知,这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习,这是最值得注意的(品质)。故选D项。
8.A.publish B.quote
C.copy D.download
答案 B
解析 根据下文“a translated Emerson passage”可知,他引用翻译的爱默生的一段话。故选B项。
9.A.writers B.historians
C.workers D.students
答案 A
解析 根据上文“a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American”以及下文“And what do you all learn about Russian authors ”可知,年轻人对美国和俄罗斯的作家感兴趣。故选A项。
10.A.anticipate B.imagine
C.recall D.catch
答案 C
解析 根据下文“him asking at one point”可知,作者在回忆年轻人提过的问题。故选C项。
11.A.look into B.rely on
C.go over D.deal with
答案 B
解析 look into调查;rely on依靠;go over复习;deal with处理。根据下文“my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home”可知,年轻人从来没有到过离家超过几百英里的地方,因此作者很容易依靠自己的假设对他进行判断。
12.A.well-behaved B.multi-skilled
C.warm-hearted D.self-educated
答案 D
解析 由上文“this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor”可知,指这名年轻人的自学能力。故选D项。
13.A.asked B.warned
C.showed D.promised
答案 C
解析 根据下文“me just how much one can gain from”可知,年轻人通过自己向作者展示了一个人可以从开放的心态和愿意与各行各业的当地人交往中获得多少收获。故选C项。
14.A.traveling B.reading
C.searching D.teaching
答案 A
解析 根据下文“with an open mind,and a willingness to”并结合作者当时在乘火车旅行可知,年轻人是指带着开放的心态旅行,故选A项。
15.A.cooperate B.side
C.negotiate D.engage
答案 D
解析 cooperate合作;side支持;negotiate协商;engage参与。下文“with locals from all walks of life”指和各行各业的当地人打交道,engage with表示“与……接触”。故选D项。