备战2025年高考英语二轮复习专题4： 语篇填空 第2讲 提示词为名词、代词、数词和形容词课件（共34张PPT）

(共34张PPT)
第2讲　提示词为名词、代词、数词和形容词
类型1 提示词为名词
技法点拨
空前有these,several,many,various等表示复数含义的修饰词,或空处作主语,谓语动词是动词原形或复数形式 名词变复数
空处与所修饰的名词之间构成所属关系 名词用所有格形式
空处在句中作表语,或作定语修饰名词 名词转换成形容词
空处在句中作谓语 名词转换成动词
典型例题
1.(2024九省联考)Now,most people reach for ____________(keyboard) faster than they pick up pens.
2.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)The latest ①____________(engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective ②____________(function) structure that is also beautiful.
3.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)These plants included modern Western ____________(favourite) such as rosemary,lavender and fennel.
keyboards
engineering
functional
favourites
4.(2024全国甲卷)They are ____________(treasure) of American heritage(遗产).
5.(2023全国甲卷)____________(difference) from traditional fables,Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
6.(2022全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more _____________(meaning).
treasures
Different
meaningful
解析
1.考查名词的数。句意:现在,大多数人拿起键盘的速度比拿起笔的速度还快。根据空格前的介词for可知,空格处应填名词作宾语,keyboard为可数名词,前面没有冠词应用名词的复数形式。故填keyboards。
2.①考查名词。engineer作名词,意思是“工程师”;作动词,意思是“设计,建造”。engineering是名词,意思是“工程;工程学”。此处用名词修饰名词,engineering techniques意思是“工程技术”。故填engineering。
②考查形容词。此处用形容词修饰后面的名词structure,function作名词,意思是“功能,作用”。functional意思是“功能的,职能的,实用的”。functional structure“功能建筑物”。故填functional。
3.考查名词复数。favourite作形容词,意思是“最喜欢的”,作名词,意思是“最喜爱的人或物”。空前有形容词modern Western修饰,且填空处作included的宾语,所以此处考查favourite作名词的用法。such as后面列举的多个事物,所以最喜爱的东西不止一个,用favourite的复数形式。故填favourites。
4.考查名词复数。treasure作为“瑰宝”讲是可数名词,结合句意和上下文,这里指的是国家公园作为美国遗产的一部分,应使用复数形式treasures。句意:它们是美国遗产的瑰宝。
5.考查形容词。be different from意为“与……不同”,是固定短语,此处作状语,故填Different。
6.考查形容词。此处为“make+宾语+宾语补足语(形容词)”结构,故填meaningful。
[名师点津]
1.名词转换为形容词的后缀
(1)n.+-able
honor→honorable 可敬的
(2)n.+-al
nature→natural 自然的;天生的
music→musical 音乐的;悦耳的
(3)n.+-ful
colour→colourful 颜色鲜艳的
meaning→meaningful 有意义的
(4)n.+-en:wood→wooden木质的
(5)n.+-y:wealth→wealthy富有的
2.名词变复数的规则
变化规则 典型例词
规则变化 一般在词尾加-s;如果是以ch,sh,s,x等结尾的单词,则加-es。 trees,bikes,books,buses,
watches,boxes,bushes,
months
辅音字母+y结尾的单词,变y为i再加-es;元音字母+y结尾的单词,则直接加-s。 babies,families,boys,plays
以o结尾的单词除了一人(hero)、两菜(tomato,potato)加-es外,其余一般加-s。 radios,photos
以f或fe结尾的单词,通常把f,fe变为v再加-es。 wives,knives,wolves
变化规则 典型例词
特殊变化 man→men,woman→women;tooth→teeth,foot→feet;
child→children;mouse→mice
单复数同形 Chinese,Japanese,species,sheep,deer,fish
[注意] 1.除了上表中的情况以外,还有一些特殊变化的名词,如:German→Germans;human→humans;stomach→stomachs;chief→chiefs;
belief→beliefs等。
2.两个名词组成的合成词一般只变后一个名词为复数,如 apple trees,factory workers等;但是和man,woman组成的合成词两个词都要变复数,如women teachers,men doctors等。
3.名词的所有格
(1)单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加’s;
(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,通常在词尾加’。
类型2 提示词为代词
技巧点拨
提示词为代词,当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时,一般填代词;确定填代词之后,再看设空处所填代词是否与前文提到的人或物有指代关系。
(1)分析句子结构,发现提示词作主语时,应考虑人称代词主格(I,we,you,he等)形式。
(2)分析句子结构,发现提示词作宾语时,应考虑人称代词宾格(me,us,him等)形式。
(3)分析句子结构,发现提示词作定语时,应考虑形容词性物主代词(our,my,your等)。
(4)分析句子结构,发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语,且和主语是同一人时,应考虑反身代词(myself,yourself,itself等)。
典型例题
1.(2024九省联考)However,he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus,to write faster,and they can feel proud of ____________(they).
2.(2024全国甲卷)This area,with ____________(it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty,must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
3.(2024辽宁县级重点高中二模)Hikers at the Great Wall that have come across Zhou Wenjun consider ____________(they) lucky.
themselves
its
themselves
解析
1.考查代词。句意:然而,他认为,用钢笔练习可以帮助学生集中注意力,写得更快,他们可以为自己感到自豪。根据空格前的介词of可知,空格处应填代词作宾语,根据句意“他们自己”应用themselves。故填themselves。
2.考查代词。这里应用形容词性物主代词“its”作定语,修饰后面的名词beauty。句意:这个地方,以其独特而令人惊叹的自然美景,必须被很好保护供全国人民欣赏。
3.考查代词。根据句意可知,当宾语和主语所指相同时,宾语要用反身代词。故填themselves。
类型3 提示词为数词
技巧点拨
提示词常为基数词,但是在句中常常考查序数词形式,一般需要在该词后面加后缀-th。易错的序数词有:first第一,second第二,third第三,fourth第四,fifth第五,eighth第八,ninth第九,eleventh第十一,twelfth第十二等。
典型例题
(2023全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the (six) century,B.C.
解析
考查序数词。句意:寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分,而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
sixth
类型4 提示词为形容词
技巧点拨
空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句 形容词变为副词
确定变比较级或最高级时,可利用以下3点判断: ①等级判定看标志;②利用固定句型;③利用隐含信息判断 变比较级或最高级
①被冠词、形容词或形容词性物主代词修饰时,要考虑名词; ②作介词或及物动词的宾语时要考虑名词 形容词变为名词
根据句意和前后逻辑关系,确定句意表否定时,添加否定前缀(un-,im-,dis-等)或否定后缀(-less)变为反义词 加词缀变反义词
典型例题
1.(2024九省联考)Today,a writer ____________(simple) throws an empty pen away and gets a new one.
2.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design,to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the ____________(rich) of gardening in England.
3.(2024全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the ________(large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska,which became a national monument in 1978,took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
simply
richness
largest
解析
1.考查副词。句意:今天,一个作家只是把一支空笔扔掉,再买一支新的。空格处作状语,修饰动词throws,应用副词形式。故填simply。
2.考查名词。根据空前面的much of the以及空后面的of可知此处需要名词,且是不可数名词。rich的名词是richness,意思是“丰富”。
3.考查形容词的最高级。根据句意和句子结构可知,the后面跟形容词的最高级形式largest。句意:黄石国家公园是美国最大的国家公园。
[名师点津]
形容词变成副词、比较级、最高级或名词
项目 变化方法
变成副词 1.一般在形容词后直接加-ly;
2.以“y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ly;
3.以e结尾时,若e前为元音字母,则要先去e再加-ly,如true→truly;若e前为辅音字母,直接加-ly,如:politely,widely等
比较级 一般在词尾加-er;以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写这一辅音字母再加-er;以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,把y变i再加-er;多音节词在其前加more
最高级 一般在词尾加-est;双音节词在其前加most;特殊词有特殊变化
(如:best,worst等)
变成名词 添加后缀,如:-y,-ty,-ity;-cy,-age,-dom,-ence,-ance,-ness,-th等
课堂应用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.It was the first road in China with three colored dividing lines,and has
　　　　　　(successful) applied for national intellectual property certification.
2.The change was extremely unpopular,but it was necessary.Finland and Norway are Sweden’s neighboring 　　　　　　(country).
3.The 24 solar terms are determined by changes in the 　　　　　　(sun) position in the zodiac(黄道带) during the year.
4.For most of the time,Ghanaian students at the institute involve 　　　(they) in the learning of the Chinese language and traditional Chinese culture.
successfully
countries
sun’s
themselves
5.However,because of 　　　　　　(it) altitude,it’s such a great challenge to both one’s physical ability and mind.
6.　　　　　　　 (fortunate),Sivley owned a four-wheel drive,which was fully equipped with hooks,chains and recovery tow straps(拖带),and capable of pulling over 40,000 pounds.
7.China’s commitment to engage 300 million people in winter sports has already become a 　　　　　　　(real).
8.“I hope that we can turn villages into more beautiful places and make villagers get 　　　　　　(rich),” Wang said.
its
Fortunately
reality
richer
9.Although failing to qualify for the FIFA World Cup finals soccer tournament in Qatar,China made a huge contribution to the 　　　　　(large) global sporting event in the world.
10.The best time to start thinking about possible careers is while you are still at school,before you make any choice about your 　　　　　(far) education.
largest
further
Ⅱ.语篇填空
A
(2024河北张家口三模)
Large cloisonne(Jingtailan in Chinese) vases,striking plates and other colorful pieces 1.　　　　　(display) in Beijing Gongmei Group’s arts-and-crafts factory’s studio near Yonghegong in the capital attract a lot of visitors.
Gaze upon these long enough,and you will be surprised by the
2.　　　　　　(diverse) of distinctive Chinese patterns traced by countless thin golden wires.
displayed
diversity
“It’s said that there are 108 steps in 3. 　　　　　　 process of producing cloisonne goods,” says Zhang Yongzhen,the factory’s director,
4.　　　　　　 has practiced the craft for four decades.“The traditional handicraft is very complicated.No one can finish the process
5.　　　　　　(complete) by himself or herself.It’s a delicate art that takes dedication to every small step.”
The fundamentals of making cloisonne include 6. 　　　　　　(shape) the object’s body;bending and inlaying copper(铜) wires
7. 　　　　　(present) surface patterns,coloring these wires,heating and finally,polishing and gilding(镀金).
the
who
completely
shaping
to present
The technique was introduced 8.　　　　　　 China in the late 13th century.It’s believed that cloisonne reached its peak and 9.　　　　　(give) its present Chinese name during Emperor Jingtai in the Ming Dynasty.Lan means blue in Chinese.The craft was 10.　　　　　　(far) developed in the Qing Dynasty,following innovations in copper-smelting techniques.
to
was given
further
答案与解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过北京工美展厅的景泰蓝作品,介绍了景泰蓝的特点、工艺及其历史发展。
1.displayed　考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词为attract,空前的主语与display在逻辑上是动宾关系,所以设空处用过去分词短语作后置定语。故填displayed。
2.diversity　考查词性转换。根据空前的定冠词“the”可知,此处应用名词形式作宾语。故填diversity。
3.the　考查冠词。空后的of producing cloisonne goods对process进行限定,所以此处表示特指,应使用定冠词。故填the。
4.who　考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词指人,作主语,故填who。
5.completely　考查词性转换。此处为副词作状语修饰finish。故填completely。
6.shaping　考查非谓语动词。此处用动词-ing形式作include的宾语,并与后面的bending and inlaying等并列。故填shaping。
7.to present　考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式短语作目的状语。故填to present。
8.to　考查介词。be introduced to意为“引进”,为固定搭配。故填to。
9.was given　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。It作形式主语,that从句为真正的主语,从句中cloisonne是主语,reached和设空处为并列的谓语,cloisonne和动词give之间为被动关系,且根据“reached”可知,此处要用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was given。
10.further　考查副词比较级。根据语境可知,此处表示进一步的发展,应该用副词的比较级作状语。故填further。
B
(2024山东滨州二模)
China aims to accelerate research and development of key core technologies and application-oriented technological innovations this year,said Liu Zhenfang,president of China State Railway Group.Liu,also a deputy to the 14th National People’s Congress,said they would continue to
1.　　　　　　(immense) promote independent research and the industrial application of key core technologies this year 2.　　　　　　　　(boost) self-reliance in railway technology.
China’s high-speed railways are a successful example of independent innovation in our country,and the overall technological level of China’s railways 3.　　　　　　　　　(enter) the forefront of the world so far.
immensely
to boost
has entered
The group plans to unveil a more advanced bullet train,the CR450—with 4.　　　　　　 top operating speed of 400 km/h and an experimental speed of up to 450 km/h—by next year.
Currently,the fastest bullet trains in China 5.　　　 　　　(programme) at speeds of 350km/h along several lines,including the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway and the Beijing-Tianjin High-Speed Railway.A train
6. 　　　　　(travel) at 400 km/h would shorten the journey
7.　　　　　　 Beijing to Shanghai to 2.5 hours.China aims to achieve technological 8.　　　　　　　(breakthrough) to improve operational safety.
a
are programmed
travelling
from
breakthroughs
“China’s overall level of railway infrastructure has reached the forefront globally,providing the foundation and conditions for 9.　　　　　　(far) advancement toward a higher level of modernization,” Liu added,“China aims to have 165,000 km of track by the end of next year,50,000 km of
10.　　　　　　　 will be high-speed.”
further
which
答案与解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的铁路建设情况和前景。
1.immensely　考查词性转换。修饰动词promote应用副词。故填immensely。
2.to boost　考查非谓语动词。此处在句中作目的状语,应用不定式。故填to boost。
3.has entered　考查动语的时态。根据后文so far可知用现在完成时,主语为the overall technological level of China’s railways,助动词用has。故填has entered。
4.a　考查冠词。a speed of表示“……的速度”,且top是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
5.are programmed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语trains与谓语构成被动关系,且陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态,谓语用复数。故填are programed。
6.travelling　考查非谓语动词。此处travel与train为主动关系,故用现在分词作定语。故填travelling。
7.from　考查介词。from...to...表示“从……到……”。故填from。
8.breakthroughs　考查名词的数。前文没有冠词,表示数量大于一应用复数形式。故填breakthroughs。
9.further　考查比较级。根据后文higher可知,表示“进一步”应用比较级further。故填further。
10.which　考查定语从句。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词165,000 km,作介词的宾语,指物。故填which。