备战2025年高考英语二轮复习专题4： 语篇填空 第1讲 提示词为动词（共83张PPT）
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| 名称 | 备战2025年高考英语二轮复习专题4： 语篇填空 第1讲 提示词为动词（共83张PPT） |  | |
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(共83张PPT)
第1讲 提示词为动词
语法热点一 谓语动词
语法热点二 非谓语动词
目 录 索 引
01
02
语法热点三 动词的词性转换
03
专题概览
考情表解
年份 卷别 体裁 主题 考点设置 有提示词类 无提示词类 主题 语境 主题语境内容 动词(谓语和非谓语) 词性转换 名词的单复数 形容词/副词的比较/最高等级 代词 三大从句和并列连词 冠词 介词 代词/
数词
2024 新课标 Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与 社会 英国“丝绸之路”花园的整体设计以及玻璃温室 2 4 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
新课标 Ⅱ卷 新闻 报道 人与 社会 当“莎士比亚”遇上“汤显祖” 5 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 0
全国 甲卷 说明文 人与 社会 美国国家公园系统的起源和黄石国家公园的建立 3 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 0
年份 卷别 体裁 主题 考点设置 有提示词类 无提示词类 主题 语境 主题语境内容 动词 (谓语和非谓语) 词性转换 名词的单复数 形容词/副词的比较/最高等级 代词 三大从句和并列连词 冠词 介词 代词/
数词
2023 新课标 Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与 社会 小笼包 4 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
新课标 Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与 社会 教熊猫饲养员学英语 1 4 1 0 0 2 1 1 0
全国 乙卷 说明文 人与 自然 北京的古老建筑和现代化发展 5 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 0
全国 甲卷 说明文 人与 社会 寓言 4 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 1
年份 卷别 体裁 主题 考点设置 有提示词类 无提示词类 主题 语境 主题语境内容 动词 (谓语和非谓语) 词性转换 名词的单复数 形容词/副词的比较/最高等级 代词 三大从句和并列连词 冠词 介词 代词/
数词
2022 新高考 Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与 自然 筹建大熊猫国家公园 4 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 0
新高考 Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与 社会 救援 4 2 1 0 0 2 1 0 0
全国 乙卷 说明文 人与 社会 庆祝首个国际茶日 4 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
全国 甲卷 记叙文 人与 自然 古丝绸之路之行 4 2 0 1 0 1 1 1 0
3年统计 41 20 7 3 2 17 7 11 2
命题趋势
1.选材特点:体裁以说明文和记叙文为主,200词左右。选材多体现“中国元素”。
2.考查形式:设10个空,7个题是有提示词类(填括号内单词的正确形式),3个题是无提示词类(空白处填入1个适当的单词)。
3.考查项目:有提示词类填空的考查点有谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、代词等。无提示词类的考查点主要是介词、冠词与连词等。
板块一 有提示词类
动词是历年高考的必考点。动词的形式变化比较多,有谓语形式的变化(如时态、语态、主谓一致及虚拟语气)、非谓语形式的变化(如动词不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词)和词形转换。
语法热点一 谓语动词
谓语动词指的是在句子中可以单独作谓语的动词,主要包括实义动词和动词短语。一个简单句有且只能有一个谓语动词。若是由多个简单句组成的并列句或复合句,则有几个简单句就应有几个谓语动词。谓语动词的形式变化主要包括时态、语态和主谓一致。
技法1 如何判定是否作谓语动词
技法点拨
第一步 确定谓语动词
分析句子结构来判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句。若是简单句,主语后面的就是谓语动词;若是并列句,前后两个句子都要有自己的谓语动词;若是复合句,主句和从句都要有自己的谓语动词。
第二步 确定谓语动词的形式
1.根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态;
2.根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系确定语态;
3.根据主语的单复数确定谓语动词的数,做到主谓一致。
典型例题
(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)
Two years later,a six-meter-tall pavilion,60.inspired(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion,61. (build) at the Firs Garden,just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
was built
解题流程
第一步 确定是否填谓语动词
该句为简单句,a six-meter-tall pavilion为主语,故该空应该为主句的谓语动词。
第二步 考虑时态、语态和主谓一致
1.根据Two years later可知本句时态为一般过去时;
2.build与主语a six-meter-tall pavilion之间是动宾关系,用被动语态;
3.主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”,单数,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
技法2 如何判定谓语动词的时态
技法点拨
1.识别时间状语
(1)一般现在时常有always,often,sometimes,usually,occasionally,every time, now and then等;
(2)一般过去时常有yesterday,last year,in 2021,the other day,two days ago,“一段时间+later”等;
(3)一般将来时常有tomorrow,next year,in a week,in the future,soon等;
(4)现在进行时常有now,at this moment,at present,always,constantly等;
(5)现在完成时常有recently,lately,already,in the last/past few days,so far,up to now,till now,“for+时间段”等;
(6)过去完成时常有by then,by the end of...,by that time等。
典型例题
1.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years,some supermarkets
(start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions(份).
2.(2024河北部分示范性高中三模)He and the other workers let people vote for their favourite fat bear on Meta.The one-day event (attract) just 1,700 votes in 2014.
have started
attracted
3.(2024河北适应性考试)The Taizhou outlet of Dayin Bookmall,a famous bookstore chain from Shanghai, (open) last year on the street in a traditional Chinese-style building with cutting-edge designs.
4.(2022全国甲卷)In the last five years,Cao (walk) through 34 countries in six continents,and in 2016,he reached the top of Kilimanjaro,Africa’s highest mountain.
opened
has walked
技法点拨
2.依据固定句式
(1)Sb was/were doing sth when sb did...;
(2)Sb had (just) done sth when sb did...;
(3)This/That/It is the+序数词+time+that+现在完成时;
(4)This/That/It was the+序数词+time+that+过去完成时;
(5)祈使句+and/or+陈述句,陈述句用一般将来时;
(6)It’s (high) time that sb did/should do sth;
(7)It is/has been+时间段+since+一般过去时。
典型例题
5.(2022新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry (fix) his car when he heard the screams.He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
6.(2021浙江6月卷)It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac,but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield,Illinois,
(prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
7.It is high time that we (devote) ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.
8.Susan had quit her well-paid job and (work) as a volunteer in the neighbourhood when I visited her last year.
was fixing
has proved/has proven
devoted/should devote
was working
技法点拨
3.利用并列关系
(1)并列连词and,but,or,rather than,neither...nor...,not only...but also...等;
(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语,谓语动词时态要一致。
典型例题
9.(2020全国Ⅲ卷)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist,they smiled and (point) down the river.
pointed
技法点拨
4.理解语境暗示
在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下,可以通过正确理解语境,即通过题干中的“语境暗示”解题。
典型例题
10.(2024全国甲卷)They (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
were
解析
1.考查动词的时态。根据Over the last two years可知,此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
2.考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作谓语;根据时间状语in 2014可知,谓语动词应用过去式。故填attracted。
3.根据时间状语last year可知,此处为一般过去时。故填opened。
4.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据空前的时间状语In the last five years可知,此处要用现在完成时;主语Cao为第三人称单数,谓语动词应用单数形式。
5.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。固定句式be doing...when...意为“正在做……这时突然……”。根据下文的when he heard the screams可知,设空处用过去进行时;主语为Henry,谓语应用第三人称单数。故填was fixing。
6.考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语,时间状语从句since it opened to the public暗示这里应用现在完成时。故填has proved/has proven。
7.在It is(high) time that...句型中,从句谓语动词应用did/should do。故填devoted/should devote。
8.考查动词的时态。根据空后的when引导的时间状语从句可知,此处应用过去进行时。
9.考查动词的时态。and连接两个并列谓语动词,前后时态应一致。
10.考查动词的时态。根据本句后面had spent得知,这里描述的是过去的情况,主语是They,谓语动词用复数形式,因此填were。
技法3 如何确定谓语动词的语态
技法点拨
1.分析主语和谓语的逻辑关系
分析句子结构,发现提示词作谓语,若与主语之间是主动关系,应考虑用主动语态;若是被动关系,则考虑用被动语态。
典型例题
1.(2024全国甲卷)What should ___________(do) with such a beautiful place
be done
技法点拨
2.牢记几种被动语态结构:
(1)不同时态的被动语态的结构
一般现在时:am/is/are done
一般过去时:was/were done
一般将来时:will/shall be done
过去将来时:would be done
现在进行时:am/is/are being done
过去进行时:was/were being done
现在完成时:have/has been done
过去完成时:had been done
(2)带有情态动词的被动语态的基本形式:情态动词+be done。
运用以上技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态,再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。
典型例题
2.(2024浙江1月卷)However,though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages,it would help even more if they could sometimes _____________(offer) in smaller packs.
3.(2023浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty,the center was the Forbidden City, surrounded in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes _______________(permit) to live closer to the center of the circles.
4.(2023全国甲卷)However,Carson’s theme is a more weighty warning about environmental destruction.Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still _____________(employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
be offered
were permitted
be employed
技法点拨
3.理解主动形式表示被动含义
当sell、read、draw、wash、write、open、wear、run、burn等动词后有状语(well、easily等)修饰,用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时,用主动形式表示被动含义。
典型例题
5.The pink dress she wants to buy her daughter as her birthday present online _____________(wash) easily.
6.—Do you like the flower
—Yes,it _____________(smell) very sweet.
washes
smells
解析
1.考查动词的语态。本句主语what和动词do之间是动宾关系,所以用被动语态be done。
2.考查动词的语态。动词offer意为“提供”,和主语构成被动关系,主语they指代前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。
3.考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上文的In the Ming Dynasty可知,此处描述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时;再根据句意“较高社会阶层的人被允许居住在离同心圆的中心即紫禁城更近的地方”可知,这里应用被动语态。故填were permitted。
4.考查动词的语态。分析句子结构可知,设空处是谓语。主语a simple literary form和动词employ之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填be employed。
5.考查动词的语态。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语,且表示的是主语所具有的特征,应考虑用主动形式表示被动意义。故填washes。
6.考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。由问句“Do you like the flower ”可知,用一般现在时,smell在此强调主语的前后“闻起来很甜”,故用主动形式表被动意义,主语为it,故用smells。
技法4 确定主谓一致三原则
解题“三原则”
原则1:语法一致
(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时,谓语动词用单数形式;
(2)非谓语动词、从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;
(3)集体名词看作整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;看作个体时,谓语动词用复数形式。
典型例题
1.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)Further,the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse _________(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road,by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
2.(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about _________(be) also Shakespeare’s concerns.
walks
were
解题“三原则”
原则2:就近一致
(1)由neither...nor...、either...or...、not only...but also...、not...but...等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的数要和位置最近的主语保持一致;
(2)由there、here存现句中,主语不止一个时,谓语动词的数通常和邻近的主语保持一致。
典型例题
3.(2024广东省联考)On that day,there _________(be) lots of conventional celebration activities.
4.At present neither my wife nor I myself _________(be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.
are
am
解题“三原则”
原则3:就远一致
主语后跟有with、together with、as well as、like、but、except、along with、rather than、including、in addition to等引导的短语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
典型例题
5.(2024河南信阳二检)Four classical plays,including The Peony Pavilion, ____________________(update) and restored in the past few years.
6.The musician along with his band members _________________(give) ten performances in the last three months.
have been updated
has given
解析
1.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。填空处在句中作谓语。根据后面的句子中的谓语可知,此处用一般现在时。句子主语是the Silk Route Garden,是单数形式,所以谓语用第三人称单数。故填walks。
2.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作句子谓语,主语为“Some of the things”,是复数概念,且根据上下文语境可知,空处应用一般过去时。故填were。
3.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。there be句型中谓语动词的单复数一般采用“就近一致”原则,即与后面的名词保持人称和数的一致,后面的中心词是activities,应用复数形式,描述一般事实用一般现在时。故填are。
4.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语At present可知,应用一般现在时;neither...nor...连接并列主语时,谓语动词的数由nor后面的主语(I)来决定,故填am。
5.考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in the past few years可知,应用现在完成时;分析句子结构可知,句子主语Four classical plays 为复数名词,且和update之间为被动关系。故填have been updated。
6.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据in the last three months可知,应用现在完成时;A along with B作主语时,谓语动词的数由A决定。故填has given。
语法热点二 非谓语动词
非谓语动词指的是在句子中不能单独作谓语的动词,它没有人称和数的变化,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(含现在分词与过去分词)。非谓语动词具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。
技法1 如何确定是否作非谓语动词
技法点拨 典型例题
第一步:确定是否为非谓语
若句中已有谓语动词,又不是作并列谓语时,则要考虑填非谓语动词。
第二步:确定填何种非谓语形式
(1)提示词与逻辑主语是主谓关系时常用动词-ing形式;
(2)提示词与逻辑主语是动宾关系时常用动词-ed形式;
(3)提示词在句中作目的状语和意料之外的结果时常用动词不定式。
典型例题
(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
解题流程
第一步:提示词是动词,句中已有谓语动词open,所以此处应考虑填非谓语动词。
第二步:此处表示目的,用动词不定式。
to give
技法2 线索暗示法
技法点拨
线索词 具体用法
介词 介词后常接动名词作宾语,即“介词+doing”
并列连词 并列连词and, but, or等前后的非谓语动词应保持一致
典型例题
1.(2021全国甲卷)After (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall,we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
2.(2020新高考Ⅱ卷)These days,it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders (begin) computer classes.
解析
1.考查非谓语动词。注意题干中的After,其后接动词作宾语。故填spending。
2.结合句中的线索词“or”可知,动词形式与or前面的to publish是并列关系,应用动词不定式。故填to begin。
spending
to begin
技法3 固定搭配法
技法点拨
项目 常见动词或结构
接动名词作宾语 enjoy,avoid,admit,mind,practise,keep,imagine,involve,suggest,
consider等
接不定式作宾语 tend,want,agree,plan,afford,desire,happen,hope,ask,manage,
determine,aim等
接动名词或不定式作宾语(意义不同) stop,remember,regret,need,try,mean等
项目 常见动词或结构
接现在分词作宾语补足语 imagine,see,hear,watch,keep等
接不定式作宾语补足语 ask,inspire,expect,force,dream,allow,urge等
其他常用搭配 spend time (in) doing sth
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth
take...to do sth
it is+adj.+to do sth
be to do sth
典型例题
1.(2024全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level,the national parks,in particular,tend _________(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
2.(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility,said Edmondson,adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed _________(find) the connection between the two great writers.
3.(2024九省联考)He knows that computers are here _________(stay) and that they will not disappear.
to catch
to find
to stay
4.(2023全国乙卷)As a photographer,I have spent the last two years
___________(record) everything I discovered.
5.(2022浙江1月卷)That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%,and she plans _____________(continue) the practice.
6.(2021全国乙卷)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) and accommodations aim _________(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
7.(2024山东师范大学附中考前打靶)For teenagers,some have learned how to use a sewing machine and made a couple of projects;some are working on a social studies project which involves _____________(construct) a family tree including researching relatives alive in the 1800s.
recording
to continue
to have
constructing
解析
1.考查非谓语动词。tend to do sth容易做某事。故填to catch。
2.考查非谓语动词。be amazed to do sth为固定搭配,意为“对做某事感到惊讶”。故填to find。
3.根据空前的be动词are可知,空格处应填不定式作表语,be to do为固定搭配,表示“必定会”,是对未来的一种推测。故填to stay。
4.考查非谓语动词。此处为spend some time (in) doing sth结构,故填recording。
5.考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth意为“计划做某事”,为固定搭配。
6.考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth旨在做某事,故填to have。
7.考查非谓语动词。这里表示有些人正在从事社会研究项目,其中包括构建一个家谱,研究活在19世纪的亲属。involve doing sth意为“包括做某事”。
技法4 成分分析法
技法点拨
1.非谓语动词的“句法功能”
项目 句法功能
动名词 主语、宾语、表语、定语
现在分词 定语、表语、状语、补语
过去分词 定语、表语、状语、补语
动词不定式 主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语
2.非谓语动词的“意义区别”
功能 项目 意义和用法
主/宾/表语 动名词 抽象性、经常性动作;已知的事或经验
不定式 具体性、一次性动作;未完的事或目的
表语 现在分词 多表示主语的特征
过去分词 主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作
定语 动名词 被修饰词的作用或用途
现在分词 正在发生、主动的动作
过去分词 被动、完成的动作
动词不定式 一般式表示未发生的或经常性的动作;完成式表示已发生的动作
功能 项目 意义和用法
状语 现在分词 与主语是主谓关系,一般式表示与谓语动作同时发生;完成式表示先于谓语动作发生
过去分词 与主语是动宾关系,先于谓语动作发生
动词不定式 主动式表示与主语是主谓关系;被动式表示与主语是动宾关系。一般式表示在谓语动作后发生;完成式表示在谓语动作前发生
功能 项目 意义和用法
补语 现在分词 主动、进行的动作
过去分词 被动、完成的动作
动词不定式 未来的或全过程的动作
典型例题
1.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days ___________(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
2.(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)___________(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said,“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
3.(2024浙江1月卷)However,if you’re shopping for one,buying extra ___________(benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
to give
Recalling
to benefit
4.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years,some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ___________(design) with two halves containing separate portions(份).
5.(2023全国甲卷)Behind the simple style,however,is a serious message ___________(intend) for everyone.
6.(2023全国甲卷)For thousands of years,people have told fables(寓言) ___________(teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures,and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the sixth century B.C.
7.(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them,though,one steamer basket is rarely enough,yet two seems greedy,and so I am always left ___________(want) more next time.
designed
intended
to teach
wanting
8.(2022全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days to Xi’an,as a first step ___________(journey) the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot.
9.(2024宁波“十校”联考)An old wooden stove,___________(bear) rich vivid images,took center stage at a village Spring Festival gala in Jiaxing,Zhejiang Province,in early February.
10.(2024山东潍坊四县模拟)In addition to appreciating the wisdom ___________(hide) in those historical volumes,she focuses on how they were bound(装订) and presented.
to journey
bearing
hidden
11.(2024辽宁重点高中二模)Every day,he walks back and forth the entire 5.7-kilometer stretch,from Jinshanling in the north to Gubeikou in the west ___________(ensure) no one wanders off the special path and into the undeveloped sections of Simatai.
12.(2024浙江温州模拟)“That’s true.The ‘Chinglish’ expression ‘add oil’ has made it into the world’s most authoritative Oxford English Dictionary(OED),” Professor Tseng said on his online personal blog,___________(provide) a screenshot of the OED’s explanation of the phrase.
to ensure
providing
13.(2023河北高三年级适应性考试)___________(locate) downtown,the 1-kilometer-long Jiazhi ancient street is lined up with more than 30 old buildings.
14.In ancient China,the currency consisted mainly of precious metals,such as gold,silver and copper,so ___________(carry) a large quantity of cash was not only a heavy burden but could also put the owner in danger as robberies quite often happened along the way.
Located
carrying
解析
1.考查非谓语动词。本句中已出现了谓语动词open,因此应用give的非谓语动词形式。由句意可知,此处应填不定式作目的状语,故填to give。
2.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作状语,Edmondson和recall之间为主动关系,应用其现在分词形式作状语。故填Recalling。
3.考查非谓语动词。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知,此处是指多买来享受降价,所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。
4.考查非谓语动词。动词design意为“设计”,和谓语之间没有连词,和逻辑主语构成被动关系,且动作已完成,所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。
5.考查非谓语动词。be intended for是固定表达,意为“为……设计/安排等”。这里用过去分词作后置定语也可以看作一个形容词。
6.考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语,故填to teach。
7.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为leave sb doing sth结构,表示“使某人做某事”。
8.考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,这里journey用作动词,应用动词不定式作后置定语。
9.考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,这里bear表示“带有”,用动词-ing形式作后置定语。
10.考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,这里表示“被隐藏的智慧”,因此用过去分词作后置定语。
11.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用非谓语动词形式;再结合句意可知,此处表目的,应用动词不定式。
12.考查非谓语动词。这里逗号前面是句子的主体,后面的部分表示一种伴随情况或补充说明,由于provide和其逻辑主语Professor Tseng之间是主动关系,因此用动词-ing形式作状语。
13.考查非谓语动词。be located in/on...是固定表达,这里用过去分词置于句首作状语。
14.考查非谓语动词。携带大量的现金是经常性行为,故用动名词作主语。
语法热点三 动词的词性转换
如果所给动词既不作谓语,也不作非谓语,则一般应进行词性转换。
技巧点拨
1.动词转换为名词
(1)v.+-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词,表示“状态或行为”
celebrate→celebration 庆祝
compete→competition 比赛
pollute→pollution 污染
educate→education 教育
possess→possession 拥有
(2)v.+-ment转换为名词,表示“行为或结果”
develop→development 发展
announce→announcement 宣布
argue→argument 争论;论据
encourage→encouragement 鼓励
(3)v.+-r/-er/-or转换为名词,表示“人”
perform→performer 表演者
settle→settler 移民
educate→educator 教育家
direct→director 导演
visit→visitor 访问者
(4)v.+-ure转换为名词
fail→failure mix→mixture
press→pressure depart→departure
(5)后缀-th结尾的名词
grow→growth die→death deep→depth
wide→width warm→warmth true→truth
(6)后缀-ance/-ence结尾的名词
exist→existence guide→guidance
(7)后缀-al结尾的名词
arrive→arrival approve→approval survive→survival
典型例题
1.(2024全国甲卷)They all agreed and vowed(承诺) to promote the idea at the ____________(complete) of their journey.
2.(2024浙江1月卷)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ____________(criticize) that they lead to waste.
3.(2024九省联考)He is happy with the _____________(improve) he sees in his students’ writing and in his own writing.
4.(2023全国甲卷)However,Carson’s theme is a more weighty ____________(warn) about environmental destruction.
completion
criticism
improvement
warning
5.(2024江苏无锡模拟)The Mogao Grottoes in northwest China are the greatest Buddhist caves,and the second oldest after the Qiuci Grottoes in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region still in ____________(exist) in the country today.
6.(2024湖北武汉模拟)In 2019,the Chinese government had made a ____________(commit) to lift all of its 1.4 billion people out of poverty by 2020.
existence
commitment
7.(2024湖南名校联盟压轴卷)“We have tried to make something that restores the villagers’ pride in their local identity,as well as creating a local economic network,” says Xu Tiantian,____________(found) of DNA.
8.(2024湖北黄冈中学二模)“The Terracotta Warriors used a very special mechanism to connect pieces together.Such ____________(wise) was unique to China,” Lu Qiuxia,an expert on ancient Chinese art,told the Global Times on Wednesday.
founder
wisdom
技巧点拨
2.动词转换为形容词
(1)v.+-able转换为形容词
accept→acceptable 可接受的
adapt→adaptable 能适应的
adjust→adjustable 可调节的
afford→affordable 负担得起的
(2)v.+-ed/-ing转换为形容词
confuse→confused 感到困惑的
excite→exciting 令人激动的
(3)v.+-ive转换为形容词
impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的
instruct→instructive 有教育意义的
(4)v.+-ful/-less转换为形容词
doubt→doubtful 怀疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
hope→hopeless 不抱希望的
典型例题
9.(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings),those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers,encasing hot,___________(taste) soup and sweet,fresh meat,are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
10.(2024陕西宝鸡模考十二)Yang Zhenning,a __________________(respect) Nobel Prize-winning physicist,became the first Chinese-American scientist to return to China after the US just lifted the ban on visiting to China in 1971.
11.(2024台州市质量评估二)With a history of more than 2,000 years,the Silk Route dates back to the Han Dynasty.Through this route,the Chinese highly ____________(qualify) silk made its fame to the western countries.
tasty
respected/respectable
qualified
解析
1.考查词性转换。句意:在他们的旅程结束时,他们都同意并发誓要宣传这个想法。at the completion of...是一个固定搭配,表示“在……结束时”。
2.考查词性转换。句意:许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动,因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据“that they lead to waste”可知,此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。
3.考查词性转换。句意:他很高兴看到他的学生和他自己的书写都有了改善。根据空格前的冠词the可知,空格处应填名词作介词with的宾语,表示“改善”是improvement,为不可数名词。故填improvement。
4.考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,设空前有冠词和形容词修饰,设空处应用名词warning。
5.考查词性转换。本空前面是介词in,因此这里应用名词作其宾语。
6.考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,设空处为名词形式,不定冠词a表明用单数,故填commitment。
7.考查词性转换。此处表示DNA的“创立者”,应用名词founder。
8.考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,设空处应用名词作主语,故填wisdom。
9.考查词性转换。设空处与前面的形容词hot并列,修饰后面的名词soup,故填形容词tasty。
10.考查词性转换。根据语境可知,设空处作定语修饰名词词组Nobel Prize-winning physicist,应用形容词作定语。故填respected/respectable。
11.考查词性转换。此处应用形容词作定语,修饰名词silk,highly qualified意为“高质量的”,故填qualified。
课堂应用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Evan is a wildlife photographer.Once,two tigers (run) past him, stopped a meter away from his truck and began to fight.
2.The Big Tidy Up was started in 2008 and volunteers in the UK ___________
(collect) more than 50,000 bags of litter in streets and parks up to now.
3. (prevent) crops from drying out,a large amount of water has been drawn down from the reservoir.
4.Parents these days seem to protect their children more than ever before.And yet the truth is that children must (give) the opportunity to take risks in order to aid their (develop).
ran
have collected
To prevent
be given
development
5.As much as artistic appreciation,physical fitness and recreation,calligraphy
(become) a part of life among many Chinese people. Therefore,another golden age of Chinese calligraphy is coming.
6. (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
7.Doupas often gets (lose) in the city’s splendid ancient architecture.
Meanwhile,he is also amazed by the modern city (combine) high-end businesses and various industries.
is becoming
Understanding
lost
combining
8.Many hiring managers will form their first impression of you (base) on what you’re wearing.The right interview clothing (depend) on the company you are applying for and the culture of the
(organize).
9.His skills were not as strong as he (imagine),and he had little awareness of teamwork.
10.Demonstrating creativity,such as the way to do a precise bicycle kick in the water,he became an online celebrity,with some fans even (say) that he was “better than professional players”.
based
depends
organization
had imagined
saying
Ⅱ.语篇填空
A
(2024安徽滁州二模)
Language is naturally acquired when children are able to use it pleasurably,and language acquisition by children 1. (them) saves both time and labor,said English-language education expert Chen Yaping.
Based 2. observation and study,the professor at the School of English and International Studies at Beijing Foreign Studies University and director of its Child Language Research Centre,said Chinese children
3. (common) lack access to genuine English dialogues for learning and using 4. language.
themselves
on
commonly
the
Chen 5. (suggest) that children make use of dialogues that meet actual daily needs and read 6. (grade) materials or picture books that match their cognitive(认知) level and interest and which are of practical use.
She said that reading is a shortcut to learning English in a foreign language environment,as quality reading materials introduce children to genuine dialogue they can reproduce in real-life 7. (conversation).
suggested
graded
conversations
“Children read because they love to read,not because they are told that reading is important for learning English.We should allow them
8. (give) up reading a book halfway through and pick up another one 9. they are more interested in,” said Chen.
She added that relieving anxiety,making children feel safe,and allowing them to experience a sense of 10. (achieve) are vital to learning English.
to give
that
achievement
答案与解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英语教育专家陈亚平提出的儿童英语学习方法,强调了让孩子们享受学习英语的过程,并提出了利用符合实际需要和实用性的对话和阅读材料来促进英语学习的方法。同时,她还强调了缓解焦虑、让孩子们感到安全和成就感对于英语学习的重要性。
1.themselves 考查代词。此处表示“孩子们自己”,故使用反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。
2.on 考查介词。句中based on为固定短语,意为“以……为基础”。故填on。
3.commonly 考查词性转换。设空处使用common的副词作状语,修饰动词lack。故填commonly。
4.the 考查冠词。句中language为可数名词,此处表示特指,设空处使用定冠词。故填the。
5.suggested 考查动词时态。设空处作谓语,根据后文的she said以及句意可知,句子表述过去事实,故使用一般过去时。故填suggested。
6.graded 考查词性转换。设空处使用grade的形容词graded作定语,修饰名词materials,意为“分等级的”。故填graded。
7.conversations 考查名词的数。设空处使用名词作宾语,此处conversation为可数名词,此处表示复数意义。故填conversations。
8.to give 考查非谓语动词。allow sb to do sth“允许某人去做某事”,故填to give。
9.that 考查定语从句。设空处引导的是定语从句,引导词在从句中作宾语修饰先行词one。此处先行词one被不定代词another修饰,故填that。
10.achievement 考查词性转换。设空处使用名词作宾语,故填achievement。
B
(2024广东揭阳二模)
The Internet is one of the 1. (great) creations and provides people with instant access 2. an endless supply of knowledge and entertainment.Using a search engine,you can ask almost any question
3. may confuse you,and find a web page with information about that question.There are also millions of videos on websites or social media,4. (explain) various topics.
In the past,it would take days and sometimes even months
5. (receive) a letter from someone else.Today,with the Internet,you can send an e-mail to anyone in the world and often have it
6. (deliver) in less than a minute.
greatest
to
that
explaining
to receive
delivered
However,the Internet is not without its 7. (disadvantage). Playing games on the Internet can become very addictive,which leads to much time being wasted.And constant connectivity means some people
8. (expect) to be available to work at any time of the day,even if they previously refused to.
Despite the drawbacks,the Internet has 9. (undoubted) changed the way we live,work and communicate,and it’s here to stay.It’s up to us to use it wisely and make 10. most of its benefits while minimizing its negative effects.
disadvantages
are expected
undoubtedly
the
答案与解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。互联网是最伟大的创造之一,它为人们提供了获取无穷无尽的知识和娱乐的即时途径,本文分析了互联网的利弊。
1.greatest 考查形容词的最高级。根据上文定冠词以及句意“最伟大的”可知应填形容词的最高级。故填greatest。
2.to 考查介词。短语access to表示“获取”。故填to。
3.that 考查定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词question,且先行词被any修饰时只能用that。故填that。
4.explaining 考查非谓语动词。explain与videos构成主动关系,故用现在分词作定语。故填explaining。
5.to receive 考查非谓语动词。it takes/took some time to do sth,表示“做某事花费多少时间”。故填to receive。
6.delivered 考查非谓语动词。此处deliver与it构成被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填delivered。
7.disadvantages 考查名词的数。根据后文可知缺点不止一个,应用复数形式。故填disadvantages。
8.are expected 考查动词的时态和语态。此处为短语be expected to do sth表示“被期望做某事”,根据means可知为一般现在时,主语为some people,谓语用复数。故填are expected。
9.undoubtedly 考查副词。修饰动词changed应用副词undoubtedly,故填undoubtedly。
10.the 考查冠词。make the most of“充分利用”。故填the。
第1讲 提示词为动词
语法热点一 谓语动词
语法热点二 非谓语动词
目 录 索 引
01
02
语法热点三 动词的词性转换
03
专题概览
考情表解
年份 卷别 体裁 主题 考点设置 有提示词类 无提示词类 主题 语境 主题语境内容 动词(谓语和非谓语) 词性转换 名词的单复数 形容词/副词的比较/最高等级 代词 三大从句和并列连词 冠词 介词 代词/
数词
2024 新课标 Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与 社会 英国“丝绸之路”花园的整体设计以及玻璃温室 2 4 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
新课标 Ⅱ卷 新闻 报道 人与 社会 当“莎士比亚”遇上“汤显祖” 5 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 0
全国 甲卷 说明文 人与 社会 美国国家公园系统的起源和黄石国家公园的建立 3 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 0
年份 卷别 体裁 主题 考点设置 有提示词类 无提示词类 主题 语境 主题语境内容 动词 (谓语和非谓语) 词性转换 名词的单复数 形容词/副词的比较/最高等级 代词 三大从句和并列连词 冠词 介词 代词/
数词
2023 新课标 Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与 社会 小笼包 4 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
新课标 Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与 社会 教熊猫饲养员学英语 1 4 1 0 0 2 1 1 0
全国 乙卷 说明文 人与 自然 北京的古老建筑和现代化发展 5 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 0
全国 甲卷 说明文 人与 社会 寓言 4 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 1
年份 卷别 体裁 主题 考点设置 有提示词类 无提示词类 主题 语境 主题语境内容 动词 (谓语和非谓语) 词性转换 名词的单复数 形容词/副词的比较/最高等级 代词 三大从句和并列连词 冠词 介词 代词/
数词
2022 新高考 Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与 自然 筹建大熊猫国家公园 4 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 0
新高考 Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与 社会 救援 4 2 1 0 0 2 1 0 0
全国 乙卷 说明文 人与 社会 庆祝首个国际茶日 4 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
全国 甲卷 记叙文 人与 自然 古丝绸之路之行 4 2 0 1 0 1 1 1 0
3年统计 41 20 7 3 2 17 7 11 2
命题趋势
1.选材特点:体裁以说明文和记叙文为主,200词左右。选材多体现“中国元素”。
2.考查形式:设10个空,7个题是有提示词类(填括号内单词的正确形式),3个题是无提示词类(空白处填入1个适当的单词)。
3.考查项目:有提示词类填空的考查点有谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、代词等。无提示词类的考查点主要是介词、冠词与连词等。
板块一 有提示词类
动词是历年高考的必考点。动词的形式变化比较多,有谓语形式的变化(如时态、语态、主谓一致及虚拟语气)、非谓语形式的变化(如动词不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词)和词形转换。
语法热点一 谓语动词
谓语动词指的是在句子中可以单独作谓语的动词,主要包括实义动词和动词短语。一个简单句有且只能有一个谓语动词。若是由多个简单句组成的并列句或复合句,则有几个简单句就应有几个谓语动词。谓语动词的形式变化主要包括时态、语态和主谓一致。
技法1 如何判定是否作谓语动词
技法点拨
第一步 确定谓语动词
分析句子结构来判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句。若是简单句,主语后面的就是谓语动词;若是并列句,前后两个句子都要有自己的谓语动词;若是复合句,主句和从句都要有自己的谓语动词。
第二步 确定谓语动词的形式
1.根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态;
2.根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系确定语态;
3.根据主语的单复数确定谓语动词的数,做到主谓一致。
典型例题
(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)
Two years later,a six-meter-tall pavilion,60.inspired(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion,61. (build) at the Firs Garden,just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
was built
解题流程
第一步 确定是否填谓语动词
该句为简单句,a six-meter-tall pavilion为主语,故该空应该为主句的谓语动词。
第二步 考虑时态、语态和主谓一致
1.根据Two years later可知本句时态为一般过去时;
2.build与主语a six-meter-tall pavilion之间是动宾关系,用被动语态;
3.主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”,单数,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
技法2 如何判定谓语动词的时态
技法点拨
1.识别时间状语
(1)一般现在时常有always,often,sometimes,usually,occasionally,every time, now and then等;
(2)一般过去时常有yesterday,last year,in 2021,the other day,two days ago,“一段时间+later”等;
(3)一般将来时常有tomorrow,next year,in a week,in the future,soon等;
(4)现在进行时常有now,at this moment,at present,always,constantly等;
(5)现在完成时常有recently,lately,already,in the last/past few days,so far,up to now,till now,“for+时间段”等;
(6)过去完成时常有by then,by the end of...,by that time等。
典型例题
1.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years,some supermarkets
(start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions(份).
2.(2024河北部分示范性高中三模)He and the other workers let people vote for their favourite fat bear on Meta.The one-day event (attract) just 1,700 votes in 2014.
have started
attracted
3.(2024河北适应性考试)The Taizhou outlet of Dayin Bookmall,a famous bookstore chain from Shanghai, (open) last year on the street in a traditional Chinese-style building with cutting-edge designs.
4.(2022全国甲卷)In the last five years,Cao (walk) through 34 countries in six continents,and in 2016,he reached the top of Kilimanjaro,Africa’s highest mountain.
opened
has walked
技法点拨
2.依据固定句式
(1)Sb was/were doing sth when sb did...;
(2)Sb had (just) done sth when sb did...;
(3)This/That/It is the+序数词+time+that+现在完成时;
(4)This/That/It was the+序数词+time+that+过去完成时;
(5)祈使句+and/or+陈述句,陈述句用一般将来时;
(6)It’s (high) time that sb did/should do sth;
(7)It is/has been+时间段+since+一般过去时。
典型例题
5.(2022新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry (fix) his car when he heard the screams.He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
6.(2021浙江6月卷)It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac,but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield,Illinois,
(prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
7.It is high time that we (devote) ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.
8.Susan had quit her well-paid job and (work) as a volunteer in the neighbourhood when I visited her last year.
was fixing
has proved/has proven
devoted/should devote
was working
技法点拨
3.利用并列关系
(1)并列连词and,but,or,rather than,neither...nor...,not only...but also...等;
(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语,谓语动词时态要一致。
典型例题
9.(2020全国Ⅲ卷)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist,they smiled and (point) down the river.
pointed
技法点拨
4.理解语境暗示
在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下,可以通过正确理解语境,即通过题干中的“语境暗示”解题。
典型例题
10.(2024全国甲卷)They (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
were
解析
1.考查动词的时态。根据Over the last two years可知,此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
2.考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作谓语;根据时间状语in 2014可知,谓语动词应用过去式。故填attracted。
3.根据时间状语last year可知,此处为一般过去时。故填opened。
4.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据空前的时间状语In the last five years可知,此处要用现在完成时;主语Cao为第三人称单数,谓语动词应用单数形式。
5.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。固定句式be doing...when...意为“正在做……这时突然……”。根据下文的when he heard the screams可知,设空处用过去进行时;主语为Henry,谓语应用第三人称单数。故填was fixing。
6.考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语,时间状语从句since it opened to the public暗示这里应用现在完成时。故填has proved/has proven。
7.在It is(high) time that...句型中,从句谓语动词应用did/should do。故填devoted/should devote。
8.考查动词的时态。根据空后的when引导的时间状语从句可知,此处应用过去进行时。
9.考查动词的时态。and连接两个并列谓语动词,前后时态应一致。
10.考查动词的时态。根据本句后面had spent得知,这里描述的是过去的情况,主语是They,谓语动词用复数形式,因此填were。
技法3 如何确定谓语动词的语态
技法点拨
1.分析主语和谓语的逻辑关系
分析句子结构,发现提示词作谓语,若与主语之间是主动关系,应考虑用主动语态;若是被动关系,则考虑用被动语态。
典型例题
1.(2024全国甲卷)What should ___________(do) with such a beautiful place
be done
技法点拨
2.牢记几种被动语态结构:
(1)不同时态的被动语态的结构
一般现在时:am/is/are done
一般过去时:was/were done
一般将来时:will/shall be done
过去将来时:would be done
现在进行时:am/is/are being done
过去进行时:was/were being done
现在完成时:have/has been done
过去完成时:had been done
(2)带有情态动词的被动语态的基本形式:情态动词+be done。
运用以上技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态,再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。
典型例题
2.(2024浙江1月卷)However,though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages,it would help even more if they could sometimes _____________(offer) in smaller packs.
3.(2023浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty,the center was the Forbidden City, surrounded in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes _______________(permit) to live closer to the center of the circles.
4.(2023全国甲卷)However,Carson’s theme is a more weighty warning about environmental destruction.Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still _____________(employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
be offered
were permitted
be employed
技法点拨
3.理解主动形式表示被动含义
当sell、read、draw、wash、write、open、wear、run、burn等动词后有状语(well、easily等)修饰,用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时,用主动形式表示被动含义。
典型例题
5.The pink dress she wants to buy her daughter as her birthday present online _____________(wash) easily.
6.—Do you like the flower
—Yes,it _____________(smell) very sweet.
washes
smells
解析
1.考查动词的语态。本句主语what和动词do之间是动宾关系,所以用被动语态be done。
2.考查动词的语态。动词offer意为“提供”,和主语构成被动关系,主语they指代前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。
3.考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上文的In the Ming Dynasty可知,此处描述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时;再根据句意“较高社会阶层的人被允许居住在离同心圆的中心即紫禁城更近的地方”可知,这里应用被动语态。故填were permitted。
4.考查动词的语态。分析句子结构可知,设空处是谓语。主语a simple literary form和动词employ之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填be employed。
5.考查动词的语态。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语,且表示的是主语所具有的特征,应考虑用主动形式表示被动意义。故填washes。
6.考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。由问句“Do you like the flower ”可知,用一般现在时,smell在此强调主语的前后“闻起来很甜”,故用主动形式表被动意义,主语为it,故用smells。
技法4 确定主谓一致三原则
解题“三原则”
原则1:语法一致
(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时,谓语动词用单数形式;
(2)非谓语动词、从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;
(3)集体名词看作整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;看作个体时,谓语动词用复数形式。
典型例题
1.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)Further,the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse _________(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road,by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
2.(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about _________(be) also Shakespeare’s concerns.
walks
were
解题“三原则”
原则2:就近一致
(1)由neither...nor...、either...or...、not only...but also...、not...but...等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的数要和位置最近的主语保持一致;
(2)由there、here存现句中,主语不止一个时,谓语动词的数通常和邻近的主语保持一致。
典型例题
3.(2024广东省联考)On that day,there _________(be) lots of conventional celebration activities.
4.At present neither my wife nor I myself _________(be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.
are
am
解题“三原则”
原则3:就远一致
主语后跟有with、together with、as well as、like、but、except、along with、rather than、including、in addition to等引导的短语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
典型例题
5.(2024河南信阳二检)Four classical plays,including The Peony Pavilion, ____________________(update) and restored in the past few years.
6.The musician along with his band members _________________(give) ten performances in the last three months.
have been updated
has given
解析
1.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。填空处在句中作谓语。根据后面的句子中的谓语可知,此处用一般现在时。句子主语是the Silk Route Garden,是单数形式,所以谓语用第三人称单数。故填walks。
2.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作句子谓语,主语为“Some of the things”,是复数概念,且根据上下文语境可知,空处应用一般过去时。故填were。
3.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。there be句型中谓语动词的单复数一般采用“就近一致”原则,即与后面的名词保持人称和数的一致,后面的中心词是activities,应用复数形式,描述一般事实用一般现在时。故填are。
4.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语At present可知,应用一般现在时;neither...nor...连接并列主语时,谓语动词的数由nor后面的主语(I)来决定,故填am。
5.考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in the past few years可知,应用现在完成时;分析句子结构可知,句子主语Four classical plays 为复数名词,且和update之间为被动关系。故填have been updated。
6.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据in the last three months可知,应用现在完成时;A along with B作主语时,谓语动词的数由A决定。故填has given。
语法热点二 非谓语动词
非谓语动词指的是在句子中不能单独作谓语的动词,它没有人称和数的变化,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(含现在分词与过去分词)。非谓语动词具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。
技法1 如何确定是否作非谓语动词
技法点拨 典型例题
第一步:确定是否为非谓语
若句中已有谓语动词,又不是作并列谓语时,则要考虑填非谓语动词。
第二步:确定填何种非谓语形式
(1)提示词与逻辑主语是主谓关系时常用动词-ing形式;
(2)提示词与逻辑主语是动宾关系时常用动词-ed形式;
(3)提示词在句中作目的状语和意料之外的结果时常用动词不定式。
典型例题
(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
解题流程
第一步:提示词是动词,句中已有谓语动词open,所以此处应考虑填非谓语动词。
第二步:此处表示目的,用动词不定式。
to give
技法2 线索暗示法
技法点拨
线索词 具体用法
介词 介词后常接动名词作宾语,即“介词+doing”
并列连词 并列连词and, but, or等前后的非谓语动词应保持一致
典型例题
1.(2021全国甲卷)After (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall,we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
2.(2020新高考Ⅱ卷)These days,it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders (begin) computer classes.
解析
1.考查非谓语动词。注意题干中的After,其后接动词作宾语。故填spending。
2.结合句中的线索词“or”可知,动词形式与or前面的to publish是并列关系,应用动词不定式。故填to begin。
spending
to begin
技法3 固定搭配法
技法点拨
项目 常见动词或结构
接动名词作宾语 enjoy,avoid,admit,mind,practise,keep,imagine,involve,suggest,
consider等
接不定式作宾语 tend,want,agree,plan,afford,desire,happen,hope,ask,manage,
determine,aim等
接动名词或不定式作宾语(意义不同) stop,remember,regret,need,try,mean等
项目 常见动词或结构
接现在分词作宾语补足语 imagine,see,hear,watch,keep等
接不定式作宾语补足语 ask,inspire,expect,force,dream,allow,urge等
其他常用搭配 spend time (in) doing sth
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth
take...to do sth
it is+adj.+to do sth
be to do sth
典型例题
1.(2024全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level,the national parks,in particular,tend _________(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
2.(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility,said Edmondson,adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed _________(find) the connection between the two great writers.
3.(2024九省联考)He knows that computers are here _________(stay) and that they will not disappear.
to catch
to find
to stay
4.(2023全国乙卷)As a photographer,I have spent the last two years
___________(record) everything I discovered.
5.(2022浙江1月卷)That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%,and she plans _____________(continue) the practice.
6.(2021全国乙卷)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) and accommodations aim _________(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
7.(2024山东师范大学附中考前打靶)For teenagers,some have learned how to use a sewing machine and made a couple of projects;some are working on a social studies project which involves _____________(construct) a family tree including researching relatives alive in the 1800s.
recording
to continue
to have
constructing
解析
1.考查非谓语动词。tend to do sth容易做某事。故填to catch。
2.考查非谓语动词。be amazed to do sth为固定搭配,意为“对做某事感到惊讶”。故填to find。
3.根据空前的be动词are可知,空格处应填不定式作表语,be to do为固定搭配,表示“必定会”,是对未来的一种推测。故填to stay。
4.考查非谓语动词。此处为spend some time (in) doing sth结构,故填recording。
5.考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth意为“计划做某事”,为固定搭配。
6.考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth旨在做某事,故填to have。
7.考查非谓语动词。这里表示有些人正在从事社会研究项目,其中包括构建一个家谱,研究活在19世纪的亲属。involve doing sth意为“包括做某事”。
技法4 成分分析法
技法点拨
1.非谓语动词的“句法功能”
项目 句法功能
动名词 主语、宾语、表语、定语
现在分词 定语、表语、状语、补语
过去分词 定语、表语、状语、补语
动词不定式 主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语
2.非谓语动词的“意义区别”
功能 项目 意义和用法
主/宾/表语 动名词 抽象性、经常性动作;已知的事或经验
不定式 具体性、一次性动作;未完的事或目的
表语 现在分词 多表示主语的特征
过去分词 主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作
定语 动名词 被修饰词的作用或用途
现在分词 正在发生、主动的动作
过去分词 被动、完成的动作
动词不定式 一般式表示未发生的或经常性的动作;完成式表示已发生的动作
功能 项目 意义和用法
状语 现在分词 与主语是主谓关系,一般式表示与谓语动作同时发生;完成式表示先于谓语动作发生
过去分词 与主语是动宾关系,先于谓语动作发生
动词不定式 主动式表示与主语是主谓关系;被动式表示与主语是动宾关系。一般式表示在谓语动作后发生;完成式表示在谓语动作前发生
功能 项目 意义和用法
补语 现在分词 主动、进行的动作
过去分词 被动、完成的动作
动词不定式 未来的或全过程的动作
典型例题
1.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days ___________(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
2.(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)___________(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said,“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
3.(2024浙江1月卷)However,if you’re shopping for one,buying extra ___________(benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
to give
Recalling
to benefit
4.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years,some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ___________(design) with two halves containing separate portions(份).
5.(2023全国甲卷)Behind the simple style,however,is a serious message ___________(intend) for everyone.
6.(2023全国甲卷)For thousands of years,people have told fables(寓言) ___________(teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures,and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the sixth century B.C.
7.(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them,though,one steamer basket is rarely enough,yet two seems greedy,and so I am always left ___________(want) more next time.
designed
intended
to teach
wanting
8.(2022全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days to Xi’an,as a first step ___________(journey) the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot.
9.(2024宁波“十校”联考)An old wooden stove,___________(bear) rich vivid images,took center stage at a village Spring Festival gala in Jiaxing,Zhejiang Province,in early February.
10.(2024山东潍坊四县模拟)In addition to appreciating the wisdom ___________(hide) in those historical volumes,she focuses on how they were bound(装订) and presented.
to journey
bearing
hidden
11.(2024辽宁重点高中二模)Every day,he walks back and forth the entire 5.7-kilometer stretch,from Jinshanling in the north to Gubeikou in the west ___________(ensure) no one wanders off the special path and into the undeveloped sections of Simatai.
12.(2024浙江温州模拟)“That’s true.The ‘Chinglish’ expression ‘add oil’ has made it into the world’s most authoritative Oxford English Dictionary(OED),” Professor Tseng said on his online personal blog,___________(provide) a screenshot of the OED’s explanation of the phrase.
to ensure
providing
13.(2023河北高三年级适应性考试)___________(locate) downtown,the 1-kilometer-long Jiazhi ancient street is lined up with more than 30 old buildings.
14.In ancient China,the currency consisted mainly of precious metals,such as gold,silver and copper,so ___________(carry) a large quantity of cash was not only a heavy burden but could also put the owner in danger as robberies quite often happened along the way.
Located
carrying
解析
1.考查非谓语动词。本句中已出现了谓语动词open,因此应用give的非谓语动词形式。由句意可知,此处应填不定式作目的状语,故填to give。
2.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作状语,Edmondson和recall之间为主动关系,应用其现在分词形式作状语。故填Recalling。
3.考查非谓语动词。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知,此处是指多买来享受降价,所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。
4.考查非谓语动词。动词design意为“设计”,和谓语之间没有连词,和逻辑主语构成被动关系,且动作已完成,所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。
5.考查非谓语动词。be intended for是固定表达,意为“为……设计/安排等”。这里用过去分词作后置定语也可以看作一个形容词。
6.考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语,故填to teach。
7.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为leave sb doing sth结构,表示“使某人做某事”。
8.考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,这里journey用作动词,应用动词不定式作后置定语。
9.考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,这里bear表示“带有”,用动词-ing形式作后置定语。
10.考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,这里表示“被隐藏的智慧”,因此用过去分词作后置定语。
11.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用非谓语动词形式;再结合句意可知,此处表目的,应用动词不定式。
12.考查非谓语动词。这里逗号前面是句子的主体,后面的部分表示一种伴随情况或补充说明,由于provide和其逻辑主语Professor Tseng之间是主动关系,因此用动词-ing形式作状语。
13.考查非谓语动词。be located in/on...是固定表达,这里用过去分词置于句首作状语。
14.考查非谓语动词。携带大量的现金是经常性行为,故用动名词作主语。
语法热点三 动词的词性转换
如果所给动词既不作谓语,也不作非谓语,则一般应进行词性转换。
技巧点拨
1.动词转换为名词
(1)v.+-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词,表示“状态或行为”
celebrate→celebration 庆祝
compete→competition 比赛
pollute→pollution 污染
educate→education 教育
possess→possession 拥有
(2)v.+-ment转换为名词,表示“行为或结果”
develop→development 发展
announce→announcement 宣布
argue→argument 争论;论据
encourage→encouragement 鼓励
(3)v.+-r/-er/-or转换为名词,表示“人”
perform→performer 表演者
settle→settler 移民
educate→educator 教育家
direct→director 导演
visit→visitor 访问者
(4)v.+-ure转换为名词
fail→failure mix→mixture
press→pressure depart→departure
(5)后缀-th结尾的名词
grow→growth die→death deep→depth
wide→width warm→warmth true→truth
(6)后缀-ance/-ence结尾的名词
exist→existence guide→guidance
(7)后缀-al结尾的名词
arrive→arrival approve→approval survive→survival
典型例题
1.(2024全国甲卷)They all agreed and vowed(承诺) to promote the idea at the ____________(complete) of their journey.
2.(2024浙江1月卷)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ____________(criticize) that they lead to waste.
3.(2024九省联考)He is happy with the _____________(improve) he sees in his students’ writing and in his own writing.
4.(2023全国甲卷)However,Carson’s theme is a more weighty ____________(warn) about environmental destruction.
completion
criticism
improvement
warning
5.(2024江苏无锡模拟)The Mogao Grottoes in northwest China are the greatest Buddhist caves,and the second oldest after the Qiuci Grottoes in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region still in ____________(exist) in the country today.
6.(2024湖北武汉模拟)In 2019,the Chinese government had made a ____________(commit) to lift all of its 1.4 billion people out of poverty by 2020.
existence
commitment
7.(2024湖南名校联盟压轴卷)“We have tried to make something that restores the villagers’ pride in their local identity,as well as creating a local economic network,” says Xu Tiantian,____________(found) of DNA.
8.(2024湖北黄冈中学二模)“The Terracotta Warriors used a very special mechanism to connect pieces together.Such ____________(wise) was unique to China,” Lu Qiuxia,an expert on ancient Chinese art,told the Global Times on Wednesday.
founder
wisdom
技巧点拨
2.动词转换为形容词
(1)v.+-able转换为形容词
accept→acceptable 可接受的
adapt→adaptable 能适应的
adjust→adjustable 可调节的
afford→affordable 负担得起的
(2)v.+-ed/-ing转换为形容词
confuse→confused 感到困惑的
excite→exciting 令人激动的
(3)v.+-ive转换为形容词
impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的
instruct→instructive 有教育意义的
(4)v.+-ful/-less转换为形容词
doubt→doubtful 怀疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
hope→hopeless 不抱希望的
典型例题
9.(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings),those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers,encasing hot,___________(taste) soup and sweet,fresh meat,are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
10.(2024陕西宝鸡模考十二)Yang Zhenning,a __________________(respect) Nobel Prize-winning physicist,became the first Chinese-American scientist to return to China after the US just lifted the ban on visiting to China in 1971.
11.(2024台州市质量评估二)With a history of more than 2,000 years,the Silk Route dates back to the Han Dynasty.Through this route,the Chinese highly ____________(qualify) silk made its fame to the western countries.
tasty
respected/respectable
qualified
解析
1.考查词性转换。句意:在他们的旅程结束时,他们都同意并发誓要宣传这个想法。at the completion of...是一个固定搭配,表示“在……结束时”。
2.考查词性转换。句意:许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动,因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据“that they lead to waste”可知,此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。
3.考查词性转换。句意:他很高兴看到他的学生和他自己的书写都有了改善。根据空格前的冠词the可知,空格处应填名词作介词with的宾语,表示“改善”是improvement,为不可数名词。故填improvement。
4.考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,设空前有冠词和形容词修饰,设空处应用名词warning。
5.考查词性转换。本空前面是介词in,因此这里应用名词作其宾语。
6.考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,设空处为名词形式,不定冠词a表明用单数,故填commitment。
7.考查词性转换。此处表示DNA的“创立者”,应用名词founder。
8.考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,设空处应用名词作主语,故填wisdom。
9.考查词性转换。设空处与前面的形容词hot并列,修饰后面的名词soup,故填形容词tasty。
10.考查词性转换。根据语境可知,设空处作定语修饰名词词组Nobel Prize-winning physicist,应用形容词作定语。故填respected/respectable。
11.考查词性转换。此处应用形容词作定语,修饰名词silk,highly qualified意为“高质量的”,故填qualified。
课堂应用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Evan is a wildlife photographer.Once,two tigers (run) past him, stopped a meter away from his truck and began to fight.
2.The Big Tidy Up was started in 2008 and volunteers in the UK ___________
(collect) more than 50,000 bags of litter in streets and parks up to now.
3. (prevent) crops from drying out,a large amount of water has been drawn down from the reservoir.
4.Parents these days seem to protect their children more than ever before.And yet the truth is that children must (give) the opportunity to take risks in order to aid their (develop).
ran
have collected
To prevent
be given
development
5.As much as artistic appreciation,physical fitness and recreation,calligraphy
(become) a part of life among many Chinese people. Therefore,another golden age of Chinese calligraphy is coming.
6. (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
7.Doupas often gets (lose) in the city’s splendid ancient architecture.
Meanwhile,he is also amazed by the modern city (combine) high-end businesses and various industries.
is becoming
Understanding
lost
combining
8.Many hiring managers will form their first impression of you (base) on what you’re wearing.The right interview clothing (depend) on the company you are applying for and the culture of the
(organize).
9.His skills were not as strong as he (imagine),and he had little awareness of teamwork.
10.Demonstrating creativity,such as the way to do a precise bicycle kick in the water,he became an online celebrity,with some fans even (say) that he was “better than professional players”.
based
depends
organization
had imagined
saying
Ⅱ.语篇填空
A
(2024安徽滁州二模)
Language is naturally acquired when children are able to use it pleasurably,and language acquisition by children 1. (them) saves both time and labor,said English-language education expert Chen Yaping.
Based 2. observation and study,the professor at the School of English and International Studies at Beijing Foreign Studies University and director of its Child Language Research Centre,said Chinese children
3. (common) lack access to genuine English dialogues for learning and using 4. language.
themselves
on
commonly
the
Chen 5. (suggest) that children make use of dialogues that meet actual daily needs and read 6. (grade) materials or picture books that match their cognitive(认知) level and interest and which are of practical use.
She said that reading is a shortcut to learning English in a foreign language environment,as quality reading materials introduce children to genuine dialogue they can reproduce in real-life 7. (conversation).
suggested
graded
conversations
“Children read because they love to read,not because they are told that reading is important for learning English.We should allow them
8. (give) up reading a book halfway through and pick up another one 9. they are more interested in,” said Chen.
She added that relieving anxiety,making children feel safe,and allowing them to experience a sense of 10. (achieve) are vital to learning English.
to give
that
achievement
答案与解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英语教育专家陈亚平提出的儿童英语学习方法,强调了让孩子们享受学习英语的过程,并提出了利用符合实际需要和实用性的对话和阅读材料来促进英语学习的方法。同时,她还强调了缓解焦虑、让孩子们感到安全和成就感对于英语学习的重要性。
1.themselves 考查代词。此处表示“孩子们自己”,故使用反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。
2.on 考查介词。句中based on为固定短语,意为“以……为基础”。故填on。
3.commonly 考查词性转换。设空处使用common的副词作状语,修饰动词lack。故填commonly。
4.the 考查冠词。句中language为可数名词,此处表示特指,设空处使用定冠词。故填the。
5.suggested 考查动词时态。设空处作谓语,根据后文的she said以及句意可知,句子表述过去事实,故使用一般过去时。故填suggested。
6.graded 考查词性转换。设空处使用grade的形容词graded作定语,修饰名词materials,意为“分等级的”。故填graded。
7.conversations 考查名词的数。设空处使用名词作宾语,此处conversation为可数名词,此处表示复数意义。故填conversations。
8.to give 考查非谓语动词。allow sb to do sth“允许某人去做某事”,故填to give。
9.that 考查定语从句。设空处引导的是定语从句,引导词在从句中作宾语修饰先行词one。此处先行词one被不定代词another修饰,故填that。
10.achievement 考查词性转换。设空处使用名词作宾语,故填achievement。
B
(2024广东揭阳二模)
The Internet is one of the 1. (great) creations and provides people with instant access 2. an endless supply of knowledge and entertainment.Using a search engine,you can ask almost any question
3. may confuse you,and find a web page with information about that question.There are also millions of videos on websites or social media,4. (explain) various topics.
In the past,it would take days and sometimes even months
5. (receive) a letter from someone else.Today,with the Internet,you can send an e-mail to anyone in the world and often have it
6. (deliver) in less than a minute.
greatest
to
that
explaining
to receive
delivered
However,the Internet is not without its 7. (disadvantage). Playing games on the Internet can become very addictive,which leads to much time being wasted.And constant connectivity means some people
8. (expect) to be available to work at any time of the day,even if they previously refused to.
Despite the drawbacks,the Internet has 9. (undoubted) changed the way we live,work and communicate,and it’s here to stay.It’s up to us to use it wisely and make 10. most of its benefits while minimizing its negative effects.
disadvantages
are expected
undoubtedly
the
答案与解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。互联网是最伟大的创造之一,它为人们提供了获取无穷无尽的知识和娱乐的即时途径,本文分析了互联网的利弊。
1.greatest 考查形容词的最高级。根据上文定冠词以及句意“最伟大的”可知应填形容词的最高级。故填greatest。
2.to 考查介词。短语access to表示“获取”。故填to。
3.that 考查定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词question,且先行词被any修饰时只能用that。故填that。
4.explaining 考查非谓语动词。explain与videos构成主动关系,故用现在分词作定语。故填explaining。
5.to receive 考查非谓语动词。it takes/took some time to do sth,表示“做某事花费多少时间”。故填to receive。
6.delivered 考查非谓语动词。此处deliver与it构成被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填delivered。
7.disadvantages 考查名词的数。根据后文可知缺点不止一个,应用复数形式。故填disadvantages。
8.are expected 考查动词的时态和语态。此处为短语be expected to do sth表示“被期望做某事”,根据means可知为一般现在时,主语为some people,谓语用复数。故填are expected。
9.undoubtedly 考查副词。修饰动词changed应用副词undoubtedly,故填undoubtedly。
10.the 考查冠词。make the most of“充分利用”。故填the。