北京市东城区2024-2025学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题（含答案）
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| 名称 | 北京市东城区2024-2025学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题（含答案） |  | |
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东城区2024—2025学年度第一学期期末统一检测
高三英语
本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Drake was riding in the passenger seat of his grandfather’s truck along Route 75. The grandfather, Hugh, 68, was in contact with a co-worker when ___1___ something was very wrong. Hugh ___2___ talking and looked not quite himself. Drake called out and asked whether he was all right, but Hugh was no longer conscious.
Hugh’s co-worker, who was still on the line, told Drake to use his grandfather’s cell phone to call his mother, Jessica. She ___3___ her son to climb onto his grandfather’s lap, take hold of the wheel and pull over to the shoulder of the highway. Then the call dropped.
Drake lives on a farm and has driven golf carts. “There’s always an adult watching, but he drives alone,” his mother said. The ___4___ behind the wheel gave him the confidence to ___5___ his grandfather’s vehicle. He pulled off, called 911 and told the operator what had happened and where he was located. “I’m really scared,” Drake added in tears. “I don’t want him to die.”
Police and an ambulance quickly arrived at the ___6___. Although Drake was relieved that help had arrived, he said, “I was still kind of ___7___. Rescue workers gave Hugh first aid, and, within about 20 minutes, he started to feel better. “It was good I had Drake with me,” Hugh said. He knows that had his grandson not been there with him, things could have taken an awful ___8___ .
Drake’s parents said they weren’t ___9___ by his quick thinking. “He’s a unique little person,” his mother said. “If I could ____10____ any 10-year-old in the world in that exact situation, it would be Drake. My own child saved my own parent,” Jessica continued. “It made my heart swell.”
1. A. immediately B. finally C. naturally D. suddenly
2. A. missed B. forgot C. stopped D. meant
3. A. permitted B. instructed C. invited D. warned
4. A. position B. vision C. experience D. guidance
5. A. take over B. take off C. take out D. take in
6. A. scene B. hospital C. farm D. shelter
7. A. satisfied B. shaky C. confused D. proud
8. A. chance B. role C. view D. turn
9. A. inspired B. surprised C. impressed D. delighted
10 A. check on B. focus on C. reflect on D. count on
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Andrew Konde, a student at Kenya’s Strathmore University, was inspired to start learning kung fu as a child after ___11___ (watch) martial arts movies. What began as a hobby for a child has since become a way of life for Konde, ___12___ is now the chairman of the university’ s Martial Arts Club. Through hard work, he ___13___ (lead) his team to victories at national championships over the past two years.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Scientists have made a tiny battery as thin as a human hair. Because it’s so small, it could help tiny robots enter the body ___14___ (deliver) medicine. Previously these robots needed sunlight to work, which limited ___15___ they could go. This new battery lets them work ___16___ needing external power. Currently, these batteries ___17___ (attach) to the robots by wires, but in the future, scientists hope to build the batteries into the robots.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Self-checkout machines are meant to provide customers with a faster and ___18___ (smooth) shopping experience and eliminate long lines at the register. Many people prefer to scan and bag their own ___19___ (item) and zip through the transaction with great ease. At the same time, however, many customers complain that self-checkout causes more problems than it solves. The machines can freeze up or scan ___20___ (correct) for example. That slows things down and defeats the whole purpose.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
We are pleased to announce the launch of the “2025 Youth Photo Challenge for Disaster Risk Reduction ”. Young and amateur photographers are invited to participate by sharing their best photos. The top 10 selected photos will be exhibited and featured in UN communication materials, which will foster a greater understanding and appreciation of resilience in the face of climate emergency, and to increase the voices of youth globally.
Theme
The theme centers on the impact of heat waves, wildfires, and floods. In particular, we encourage participants to:
Record solutions, prevention measures, and mechanisms adopted by individuals, local communities, and national authorities to tackle these climate challenges.
Reflect innovation and adaptation in the face of adversity.
Evaluation criteria
Photos will be evaluated based on four criteria:
Relevance to theme: This criterion assesses how effectively the photograph captures the impact of heat waves, wildfires, and floods, as well as the response mechanisms employed to address these challenges.
Impact and storytelling: This criterion evaluates the emotional strength of the photograph. Special consideration will be given to photos that successfully tell stories of resilience and empowerment.
Creativity and originality: This criterion focuses on the uniqueness of the perspective and the innovative reflection of the themes.
Technical quality: This criterion examines the technical aspects of the photograph, including composition and overall visual appeal.
Submission guidelines
Submission deadline: 15 September 2025
Announcement of selected photos: The top 10 photos will be announced on 13 October 2025, the International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction.
Entries should be emailed to undrr-roeca@un.org with the subject line “Summer 2025 Photo Challenge Submission”.
Each submission must include: the photographer’s full name and age; location of the photo and date; and brief description (50-100 words) explaining the photo’s context and relevance to the theme.
Participants must confirm the originality of their work and ensure they have obtained all necessary permissions for any identifiable individuals in the photos.
21. What do we know about the Photo Challenge
A. It will display the best photographs. B. It mainly focuses on community efforts.
C. It is open to professional photographers. D. It aims to work out solutions to disasters.
22. An entry is likely to be chosen if it ___________.
A. reflects international relief efforts B. demonstrates the optimism of youth
C. shows the appeal of advanced technology D. presents original viewpoints on climate crisis
23. What is one of the requirements for submission
A. Attaching a brief introduction. B. Sending the entry by 13 October.
C. Completing an application form. D. Getting permission from the community.
B
Two years ago, fueled by my envy for those with gardens, I signed up for a plot, a place where I could read and write in the sun, safe from distractions. A few months ago, I was presented a half-plot of available land. The plot, which was bigger than I could dream of, was beautiful but overgrown — getting it started would require hard work. I wasn’t sure I had it in me.
Fast forward to now. After seeking guidance from my family and watching beginners’ gardening videos, I spend hours a week sowing, weeding, watering and harvesting. My summer at the plot has so far offered countless lessons, but the most important one has been learning more about how food actually grows. Take the humble cauliflower — a common sight in the supermarket, yet it demands patient tending for up to six months, all for a short moment on the plate. Seasonality has also taken on a new meaning. I knew that all fresh food has its “season” but it was only when I was overwhelmed by an endless supply of courgettes that I really understood I could be eating them for months.
Yet abundant harvests come with a lesson in impermanence. Fresh produce goes off quickly once ripened and picked. And so I’ve turned to the old craft of preservation — learning what to boil and freeze, or make into jam — to make things last. When the harvest has been more than I can manage, I’ve shared the abundance with friends and family, spreading the joy.
While gardening is a welcome escape from the chaos of the modern world, you can’t avoid the reality of the climate crisis. It’s one thing to read these in the news or see them reflected in prices, but it’s quite another when you have to be in tune with weather patterns, praying for prolonged sunshine without the unbearable heat.
As I continue to tend my plot, I do so with a sense of humility, wonder and excitement. What started as a desire for a small patch of green has grown into something much more significant — a connection to my local environment, a respect for the food I eat and an awareness of the fragile natural systems that sustain us. In the beginning, I was worried I would fail the plot; instead, I’m finding myself growing alongside it.
24. How did the author feel when getting the plot
A. Proud but anxious. B. Grateful but puzzled.
C. Amazed but worried. D. Moved but disappointed.
25. While working on the plot, the author learned to __________.
A. remove chaos from life B. create seasonal recipes
C. identify common plants D. respect laws of nature
26. What does the author’s experience tell us
A. Labor is the most reliable wealth. B. Every season brings its own lessons.
C. The land is made better and so is the gardener. D. One should stay hungry for constant progress.
C
In 1993, a ship sailed into the Pacific Ocean carrying nearly 1,000 pounds of iron, then dumped it all into the waves. The next morning, the water turned a little greenish due to newly emerged phytoplankton (浮游生物). The microorganisms, which need iron to grow, draw CO out of the air.
Fertilizing the ocean with iron is a form of geoengineering, a set of technologies fascinating for their potential to meaningfully impact Earth’s systems, and controversial for the same reason. As the planet heats, geoengineering is employed to manipulate (控制) it in novel ways, whether researchers mist the skies with sea salt to increase how much sunlight clouds reflect or invent machines to suck greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere. Engineering home-grown plankton sounds like a less dramatic approach. But the field is so new that scientists don’t yet know whether geoengineering with microorganisms would really be a gentler form of climate intervention. Microbes, after all, play enormously consequential roles in the world around us and within us. For the best chance of keeping Earth liveable, scientists need to understand exactly how the microscopic creatures might be useful, and perhaps even preferable to the more sci-fi approaches to cooling off the world.
One favored approach centers on methane, a greenhouse gas accounting for 30% of the rise in global temperature. Mary Lidstrom, a professor, is working on genetically modifying bacteria that naturally consume methane, so that the microbes pull even more gas from the air. The bacteria would live inside facilities known as bioreactors. They could be positioned near known methane sources — landfills and wetlands — to minimize the amount of methane that makes it into the air.
Scaling up any kind of climate engineering is tricky. Significantly slowing warming caused by methane would require about 300,000 bioreactors to be active for 20 years. And the downstream effects are difficult to predict, let alone contain. For example, the iron put into the Pacific Ocean could have consequences for other regions of the world’s seas.
Also, there’s nearly as much uncertainty about intended effects. Scientists don’t know for sure how effective these concepts will prove to be. The 1993 ship expeditions, for example, didn’t stick around very long; the journeys were expensive, and scientists couldn’t remain at sea to determine what exactly was happening in the depths. Carbon stolen out of the atmosphere should remain buried for at least a century for maximum impact Yet it’s entirely possible that if the phytoplankton doesn’t sink to deep enough waters, it just gets eaten by the organisms in the surface ocean, and that CO just returns to the atmosphere.
The hotter the planet gets, the more attractive geoengineering will likely seem. Short of large-scale behavioral changes globally, we do seem to be committing ourselves to an engineered solution on our current routes. We might have to decide, sooner than we think, which levers we need to pull, large or small.
27. What can we learn about geoengineering
A. Ocean iron-fertilization is on the horizon. B. Sunlight-reflection method is cost-effective.
C. Methane-eating bacteria are being improved. D. Gas-sucking machine is a theoretical concept.
28. What can we infer from Paragraph 4 about the geoengineering approaches
A. Their impact on the ecosystem is overlooked. B. Their implications are hard to anticipate.
C. They call for decades of preparation. D. They are monitored continuously.
29. The iron-fertilization experiment may achieve its intended effects if __________.
A. the target microbes survive B. carbon is stored separately
C the phytoplankton grows faster D. more deep-sea organisms are tested
30. What might be the best title for the passage
A. How Will Geoengineering Better Earth’s Systems
B. How to Cool the World Without Blocking the Sun
C. How to Steal Carbon with Sci-fi Approaches
D. How Can the Engineered Solution Deliver
D
The age of artificial intelligence has begun, and it brings plenty of anxieties. Almost all of the conversations about risk have to do with the potential consequences of AI systems pursuing goals that depart from what they were programmed to do and that are not in the interests of humans. But this is only one side of the danger. Imagine what could unfold if AI does do what humans want.
“What humans want,” of course, isn’t a monolith. Different people have countless ideas of what constitutes “the greater good.” Even if we could get everyone to focus on the well-being of the entire human species, it’s unlikely we’d be able to agree on what that might look like.
That seems to be the reason that DeepMind recently founded an internal organization focused on AI safety and preventing its manipulation by bad actors. But it’s not ideal that what’s “bad” is going to be determined by a handful of individuals at this one particular corporation — complete with their blind spots and personal and cultural biases (偏见). The potential problem goes beyond humans harming other humans. What’s “good” for humanity has, many times throughout history, come at the expense of other sentient (有知觉力的) beings. Such is the situation today.
In the US alone, we have billions of animals kept in confinement, subjected to cruel treatment, and denial of their basic psychological and physiological needs at any given time. Entire species are dominated and systemically butchered so that we can have omelets, burgers and shoes.
If AI does exactly what “we” want it to, that would likely mean enacting this mass cruelty more efficiently, at an even greater scale and with more automation and fewer opportunities for sympathetic humans to step in and flag anything particularly horrifying.
A better goal than aligning AI with humanity’ s immediate interests would be what I would call “sentient alignment” — AI acting in accordance with the interests of all sentient beings, including humans, all other animals and, should it exist, sentient AI. This will strike some as aggressive, because what’s good for all sentient life might not always agree with what’s good for humankind. It might sometimes, even often, be in opposition to what humans want or what would be best for the greatest number of us.
Peter Singer, a philosopher, argued that an AI system’s ultimate goals and priorities are more important than it being aligned with humans. “The question is really whether this super intelligent AI is going to be benevolent and want to produce a better world,” Singer said, “and even if we don’t control it, it still will produce a better world in which our interests will get taken into account.”
I’m with Singer on this. Decentering humankind to any extent, and especially to this extreme, is an idea that will challenge people. But that’s necessary if we’re to prevent our current belief from spreading in new and awful ways.
31. The author mentions the organization founded by DeepMind to __________.
A. question a solution B. clarify a belief
C. illustrate an example D. explain a practice
32. Which of the following can best present the idea of “sentient alignment”
A. AI extends the same rights to living beings. B. AI promotes the interaction among species.
C. AI benefits from the development of humans. D. AI meets the demands of perceptive creatures.
33. What does the underlined word “benevolent” in Paragraph 7 probably mean
A Ambitious. B. Generous. C. Resourceful. D. Competitive.
34. The author’s major concern in developing AI is that __________.
A. AI poses a threat to the world B. society’s morals are in decline
C humans prioritize their own needs D. sentient beings deepen cultural biases
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
While compliments (赞扬) may seem simple, they can have a large impact on you and the people around you, creating a ripple of positivity. However, giving compliments requires skills and knowledge.
Most compliments in our culture follow a very predictable pattern. ___35___ About two-thirds of compliments in the US are made using just five adjectives: nice, good, beautiful, pretty, and great. In addition, about 80% of compliments follow three formats. So if I liked a book you wrote and wanted to say something positive about it, my compliment would probably follow one of these basic patterns: “Your book is great,” “I love your book,” or “That is a terrific book.”
___36___ . For example, in 2011 a scholar showed that women in unstructured settings both give and receive far more compliments than men. About three-quarters of women’s compliments to other women in an unstructured, informal setting involve appearance. In a goal-oriented, formal setting, 68% of praise statements are about performance. ___37___
Whether the compliment is effective depends on whether it is believable, appropriate, and unqualified. ___38___ If you tell me my hair looks good, I will dismiss it and suspect your motives, because I have little hair. More generally, people with low self-esteem don’t usually receive compliments well. As researchers have shown, in people with high self-esteem, a compliment stimulates parts of the brain responsible for self-referential thinking. This occurs significantly less for people who have low self-esteem.
Even if a compliment agrees with one’s self-conception, scholars concluded, it must meet three criteria to be accepted by its object. ___39___ It must be sincere. And it must occur in the appropriate context.
A. It must follow the basic patterns.
B. The praise must come from a person with credibility to give it.
C. What we choose to compliment depends on gender differences.
D. A good compliment must not conflict with its recipient’s self-conception.
E. If people have negative view of a person, they would resist his compliments.
F. In contrast, men are more likely to compliment one another on performance in all settings.
G. They are generally directed toward another person’s appearance, performance, or possessions.
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节 (共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
My grandfather was a neurosurgeon and sculptor. When I was young, I remember him trying to teach me to shape the unwieldy clay he used in his work. But I didn’t have the patience for the firm clay and quickly gave up.
Now, as a clinical psychologist, I see so many people who don’t have the ability to wait, and it is no wonder. In a world where it is possible to get the answer to any question instantly, why should any of us have to deal with delays and unknowns
However, learning how to wait is good for us. Since missing my priceless opportunity to learn’ to sculpt, I’ve come to appreciate that psychological flexibility — being open to and able to tolerate the uncomfortable thoughts and feelings that often arise when we face delays and setbacks — is an essential quality when it comes to mental health.
For many of us, the challenge is that being patient now feels harder than ever before. “We’ re not getting the same opportunities to practice waiting as we used to,” says Michel Dugas, a professor.
Waiting patiently is so difficult that we often react by doing things that actually make us more impatient, like constantly checking our phones for updates or seeking reassurance from everyone we know.. “Technology creates the false belief that certainty is possible, which leads to trying to attain certainty in all situations, contributing to worry and anxiety,” says Dugas.
But it is possible to develop patience — the ability to regulate your emotions in the face of delays, frustration, adversity and suffering.
In my own experience, I’ve found that slowing my breathing, loosening my grip and relaxing my face can help counter impatience — for instance, when I’m sitting in traffic. When it comes to more significant setbacks, I remind myself of Salzberg, a writer.
“There are so many times in my life where I think nothing’s happening for me,” says Salzberg. “Then I look back and say, ’Oh how about that, I was actually planting a seed that I couldn’t have guessed.’ So sometimes I just remind myself that even if I don’t know what it is right now, there is a bigger picture.”
40. Why does the author think people don’t have the ability to wait
_____________________________________________________________
41. What has the author come to realize since missing his chance to learn to sculpt
_____________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Technology makes people more impatient because it enables them to attain certainty in all situations.
_____________________________________________________________
43. How do you overcome impatience in life (In about 40 words)
_____________________________________________________________
第二节 (20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学学生李华。你所在“科学社”近期要开展一次跨学科综合实践活动。请你用英语给在你校国际部学习的好友Jim写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.活动内容；
2.发出邀请。
提示词： 跨学科综合实践活动 interdisciplinary learning activity
注意：1.词数 100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
东城区2024—2025学年度第一学期期末统一检测
高三英语 答案版
本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Drake was riding in the passenger seat of his grandfather’s truck along Route 75. The grandfather, Hugh, 68, was in contact with a co-worker when ___1___ something was very wrong. Hugh ___2___ talking and looked not quite himself. Drake called out and asked whether he was all right, but Hugh was no longer conscious.
Hugh’s co-worker, who was still on the line, told Drake to use his grandfather’s cell phone to call his mother, Jessica. She ___3___ her son to climb onto his grandfather’s lap, take hold of the wheel and pull over to the shoulder of the highway. Then the call dropped.
Drake lives on a farm and has driven golf carts. “There’s always an adult watching, but he drives alone,” his mother said. The ___4___ behind the wheel gave him the confidence to ___5___ his grandfather’s vehicle. He pulled off, called 911 and told the operator what had happened and where he was located. “I’m really scared,” Drake added in tears. “I don’t want him to die.”
Police and an ambulance quickly arrived at the ___6___. Although Drake was relieved that help had arrived, he said, “I was still kind of ___7___. Rescue workers gave Hugh first aid, and, within about 20 minutes, he started to feel better. “It was good I had Drake with me,” Hugh said. He knows that had his grandson not been there with him, things could have taken an awful ___8___ .
Drake’s parents said they weren’t ___9___ by his quick thinking. “He’s a unique little person,” his mother said. “If I could ____10____ any 10-year-old in the world in that exact situation, it would be Drake. My own child saved my own parent,” Jessica continued. “It made my heart swell.”
1. A. immediately B. finally C. naturally D. suddenly
2. A. missed B. forgot C. stopped D. meant
3. A. permitted B. instructed C. invited D. warned
4. A. position B. vision C. experience D. guidance
5. A. take over B. take off C. take out D. take in
6. A. scene B. hospital C. farm D. shelter
7. A. satisfied B. shaky C. confused D. proud
8. A. chance B. role C. view D. turn
9. A. inspired B. surprised C. impressed D. delighted
10. A. check on B. focus on C. reflect on D. count on
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. D
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Andrew Konde, a student at Kenya’s Strathmore University, was inspired to start learning kung fu as a child after ___11___ (watch) martial arts movies. What began as a hobby for a child has since become a way of life for Konde, ___12___ is now the chairman of the university’ s Martial Arts Club. Through hard work, he ___13___ (lead) his team to victories at national championships over the past two years.
【答案】11. watching
12. who 13. has led
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Scientists have made a tiny battery as thin as a human hair. Because it’s so small, it could help tiny robots enter the body ___14___ (deliver) medicine. Previously these robots needed sunlight to work, which limited ___15___ they could go. This new battery lets them work ___16___ needing external power. Currently, these batteries ___17___ (attach) to the robots by wires, but in the future, scientists hope to build the batteries into the robots.
【答案】14. to deliver
15. where 16. without
17. are attached
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Self-checkout machines are meant to provide customers with a faster and ___18___ (smooth) shopping experience and eliminate long lines at the register. Many people prefer to scan and bag their own ___19___ (item) and zip through the transaction with great ease. At the same time, however, many customers complain that self-checkout causes more problems than it solves. The machines can freeze up or scan ___20___ (correct) for example. That slows things down and defeats the whole purpose.
【答案】18. smoother
19. items 20. incorrectly
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
We are pleased to announce the launch of the “2025 Youth Photo Challenge for Disaster Risk Reduction ”. Young and amateur photographers are invited to participate by sharing their best photos. The top 10 selected photos will be exhibited and featured in UN communication materials, which will foster a greater understanding and appreciation of resilience in the face of climate emergency, and to increase the voices of youth globally.
Theme
The theme centers on the impact of heat waves, wildfires, and floods. In particular, we encourage participants to:
Record solutions, prevention measures, and mechanisms adopted by individuals, local communities, and national authorities to tackle these climate challenges.
Reflect innovation and adaptation in the face of adversity.
Evaluation criteria
Photos will be evaluated based on four criteria:
Relevance to theme: This criterion assesses how effectively the photograph captures the impact of heat waves wildfires, and floods, as well as the response mechanisms employed to address these challenges.
Impact and storytelling: This criterion evaluates the emotional strength of the photograph. Special consideration will be given to photos that successfully tell stories of resilience and empowerment.
Creativity and originality: This criterion focuses on the uniqueness of the perspective and the innovative reflection of the themes.
Technical quality: This criterion examines the technical aspects of the photograph, including composition and overall visual appeal.
Submission guidelines
Submission deadline: 15 September 2025
Announcement of selected photos: The top 10 photos will be announced on 13 October 2025, the International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction.
Entries should be emailed to undrr-roeca@un.org with the subject line “Summer 2025 Photo Challenge Submission”.
Each submission must include: the photographer’s full name and age; location of the photo and date; and brief description (50-100 words) explaining the photo’s context and relevance to the theme.
Participants must confirm the originality of their work and ensure they have obtained all necessary permissions for any identifiable individuals in the photos.
21. What do we know about the Photo Challenge
A. It will display the best photographs. B. It mainly focuses on community efforts.
C. It is open to professional photographers. D. It aims to work out solutions to disasters.
22. An entry is likely to be chosen if it ___________.
A. reflects international relief efforts B. demonstrates the optimism of youth
C. shows the appeal of advanced technology D. presents original viewpoints on climate crisis
23. What is one of the requirements for submission
A. Attaching a brief introduction. B. Sending the entry by 13 October.
C. Completing an application form. D. Getting permission from the community.
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. A
B
Two years ago, fueled by my envy for those with gardens, I signed up for a plot, a place where I could read and write in the sun, safe from distractions. A few months ago, I was presented a half-plot of available land. The plot, which was bigger than I could dream of, was beautiful but overgrown — getting it started would require hard work. I wasn’t sure I had it in me.
Fast forward to now. After seeking guidance from my family and watching beginners’ gardening videos, I spend hours a week sowing, weeding, watering and harvesting. My summer at the plot has so far offered countless lessons, but the most important one has been learning more about how food actually grows. Take the humble cauliflower — a common sight in the supermarket, yet it demands patient tending for up to six months, all for a short moment on the plate. Seasonality has also taken on a new meaning. I knew that all fresh food has its “season” but it was only when I was overwhelmed by an endless supply of courgettes that I really understood I could be eating them for months.
Yet abundant harvests come with a lesson in impermanence. Fresh produce goes off quickly once ripened and picked. And so I’ve turned to the old craft of preservation — learning what to boil and freeze, or make into jam — to make things last. When the harvest has been more than I can manage, I’ve shared the abundance with friends and family, spreading the joy.
While gardening is a welcome escape from the chaos of the modern world, you can’t avoid the reality of the climate crisis. It’s one thing to read these in the news or see them reflected in prices, but it’s quite another when you have to be in tune with weather patterns, praying for prolonged sunshine without the unbearable heat.
As I continue to tend my plot, I do so with a sense of humility, wonder and excitement. What started as a desire for a small patch of green has grown into something much more significant — a connection to my local environment, a respect for the food I eat and an awareness of the fragile natural systems that sustain us. In the beginning, I was worried I would fail the plot; instead, I’m finding myself growing alongside it.
24. How did the author feel when getting the plot
A. Proud but anxious. B. Grateful but puzzled.
C. Amazed but worried. D. Moved but disappointed.
25. While working on the plot, the author learned to __________.
A. remove chaos from life B. create seasonal recipes
C. identify common plants D. respect laws of nature
26. What does the author’s experience tell us
A. Labor is the most reliable wealth. B. Every season brings its own lessons.
C. The land is made better and so is the gardener. D. One should stay hungry for constant progress.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. C
C
In 1993, a ship sailed into the Pacific Ocean carrying nearly 1,000 pounds of iron, then dumped it all into the waves. The next morning, the water turned a little greenish due to newly emerged phytoplankton (浮游生物). The microorganisms, which need iron to grow, draw CO out of the air.
Fertilizing the ocean with iron is a form of geoengineering, a set of technologies fascinating for their potential to meaningfully impact Earth’s systems, and controversial for the same reason. As the planet heats, geoengineering is employed to manipulate (控制) it in novel ways, whether researchers mist the skies with sea salt to increase how much sunlight clouds reflect or invent machines to suck greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere. Engineering home-grown plankton sounds like a less dramatic approach. But the field is so new that scientists don’t yet know whether geoengineering with microorganisms would really be a gentler form of climate intervention. Microbes, after all, play enormously consequential roles in the world around us and within us. For the best chance of keeping Earth liveable, scientists need to understand exactly how the microscopic creatures might be useful, and perhaps even preferable to the more sci-fi approaches to cooling off the world.
One favored approach centers on methane, a greenhouse gas accounting for 30% of the rise in global temperature. Mary Lidstrom, a professor, is working on genetically modifying bacteria that naturally consume methane, so that the microbes pull even more gas from the air. The bacteria would live inside facilities known as bioreactors. They could be positioned near known methane sources — landfills and wetlands — to minimize the amount of methane that makes it into the air.
Scaling up any kind of climate engineering is tricky. Significantly slowing warming caused by methane would require about 300,000 bioreactors to be active for 20 years. And the downstream effects are difficult to predict, let alone contain. For example, the iron put into the Pacific Ocean could have consequences for other regions of the world’s seas.
Also, there’s nearly as much uncertainty about intended effects. Scientists don’t know for sure how effective these concepts will prove to be. The 1993 ship expeditions, for example, didn’t stick around very long; the journeys were expensive, and scientists couldn’t remain at sea to determine what exactly was happening in the depths. Carbon stolen out of the atmosphere should remain buried for at least a century for maximum impact Yet it’s entirely possible that if the phytoplankton doesn’t sink to deep enough waters, it just gets eaten by the organisms in the surface ocean, and that CO just returns to the atmosphere.
The hotter the planet gets, the more attractive geoengineering will likely seem. Short of large-scale behavioral changes globally, we do seem to be committing ourselves to an engineered solution on our current routes. We might have to decide, sooner than we think, which levers we need to pull, large or small.
27. What can we learn about geoengineering
A. Ocean iron-fertilization is on the horizon. B. Sunlight-reflection method is cost-effective.
C. Methane-eating bacteria are being improved. D. Gas-sucking machine is a theoretical concept.
28. What can we infer from Paragraph 4 about the geoengineering approaches
A. Their impact on the ecosystem is overlooked. B. Their implications are hard to anticipate.
C. They call for decades of preparation. D. They are monitored continuously.
29. The iron-fertilization experiment may achieve its intended effects if __________.
A. the target microbes survive B. carbon is stored separately
C. the phytoplankton grows faster D. more deep-sea organisms are tested
30. What might be the best title for the passage
A. How Will Geoengineering Better Earth’s Systems
B. How to Cool the World Without Blocking the Sun
C. How to Steal Carbon with Sci-fi Approaches
D. How Can the Engineered Solution Deliver
【答案】27. C 28. B 29. B 30. A
D
The age of artificial intelligence has begun, and it brings plenty of anxieties. Almost all of the conversations about risk have to do with the potential consequences of AI systems pursuing goals that depart from what they were programmed to do and that are not in the interests of humans. But this is only one side of the danger. Imagine what could unfold if AI does do what humans want.
“What humans want,” of course, isn’t a monolith. Different people have countless ideas of what constitutes “the greater good.” Even if we could get everyone to focus on the well-being of the entire human species, it’s unlikely we’d be able to agree on what that might look like.
That seems to be the reason that DeepMind recently founded an internal organization focused on AI safety and preventing its manipulation by bad actors. But it’s not ideal that what’s “bad” is going to be determined by a handful of individuals at this one particular corporation — complete with their blind spots and personal and cultural biases (偏见). The potential problem goes beyond humans harming other humans. What’s “good” for humanity has, many times throughout history, come at the expense of other sentient (有知觉力的) beings. Such is the situation today.
In the US alone, we have billions of animals kept in confinement, subjected to cruel treatment, and denial of their basic psychological and physiological needs at any given time. Entire species are dominated and systemically butchered so that we can have omelets, burgers and shoes.
If AI does exactly what “we” want it to, that would likely mean enacting this mass cruelty more efficiently, at an even greater scale and with more automation and fewer opportunities for sympathetic humans to step in and flag anything particularly horrifying.
A better goal than aligning AI with humanity’ s immediate interests would be what I would call “sentient alignment” — AI acting in accordance with the interests of all sentient beings, including humans, all other animals and, should it exist, sentient AI. This will strike some as aggressive, because what’s good for all sentient life might not always agree with what’s good for humankind. It might sometimes, even often, be in opposition to what humans want or what would be best for the greatest number of us.
Peter Singer, a philosopher, argued that an AI system’s ultimate goals and priorities are more important than it being aligned with humans. “The question is really whether this super intelligent AI is going to be benevolent and want to produce a better world,” Singer said, “and even if we don’t control it, it still will produce a better world in which our interests will get taken into account.”
I’m with Singer on this. Decentering humankind to any extent, and especially to this extreme, is an idea that will challenge people. But that’s necessary if we’re to prevent our current belief from spreading in new and awful ways.
31. The author mentions the organization founded by DeepMind to __________.
A. question a solution B. clarify a belief
C. illustrate an example D. explain a practice
32. Which of the following can best present the idea of “sentient alignment”
A. AI extends the same rights to living beings. B. AI promotes the interaction among species.
C. AI benefits from the development of humans. D. AI meets the demands of perceptive creatures.
33. What does the underlined word “benevolent” in Paragraph 7 probably mean
A. Ambitious. B. Generous. C. Resourceful. D. Competitive.
34. The author’s major concern in developing AI is that __________.
A. AI poses a threat to the world B. society’s morals are in decline
C. humans prioritize their own needs D. sentient beings deepen cultural biases
【答案】31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
While compliments (赞扬) may seem simple, they can have a large impact on you and the people around you, creating a ripple of positivity. However, giving compliments requires skills and knowledge.
Most compliments in our culture follow a very predictable pattern. ___35___ About two-thirds of compliments in the US are made using just five adjectives: nice, good, beautiful, pretty, and great. In addition, about 80% of compliments follow three formats. So if I liked a book you wrote and wanted to say something positive about it, my compliment would probably follow one of these basic patterns: “Your book is great,” “I love your book,” or “That is a terrific book.”
___36___ . For example, in 2011 a scholar showed that women in unstructured settings both give and receive far more compliments than men. About three-quarters of women’s compliments to other women in an unstructured, informal setting involve appearance. In a goal-oriented, formal setting, 68% of praise statements are about performance. ___37___
Whether the compliment is effective depends on whether it is believable, appropriate, and unqualified. ___38___ If you tell me my hair looks good, I will dismiss it and suspect your motives, because I have little hair. More generally, people with low self-esteem don’t usually receive compliments well. As researchers have shown, in people with high self-esteem, a compliment stimulates parts of the brain responsible for self-referential thinking. This occurs significantly less for people who have low self-esteem.
Even if a compliment agrees with one’s self-conception, scholars concluded, it must meet three criteria to be accepted by its object. ___39___ It must be sincere. And it must occur in the appropriate context.
A. It must follow the basic patterns.
B. The praise must come from a person with credibility to give it.
C. What we choose to compliment depends on gender differences.
D. A good compliment must not conflict with its recipient’s self-conception.
E. If people have negative view of a person, they would resist his compliments.
F. In contrast, men are more likely to compliment one another on performance in all settings.
G. They are generally directed toward another person’s appearance, performance, or possessions.
【答案】35. G 36. C 37. F 38. D 39. B
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节 (共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
My grandfather was a neurosurgeon and sculptor. When I was young, I remember him trying to teach me to shape the unwieldy clay he used in his work. But I didn’t have the patience for the firm clay and quickly gave up.
Now, as a clinical psychologist, I see so many people who don’t have the ability to wait, and it is no wonder. In a world where it is possible to get the answer to any question instantly, why should any of us have to deal with delays and unknowns
However, learning how to wait is good for us. Since missing my priceless opportunity to learn’ to sculpt, I’ve come to appreciate that psychological flexibility — being open to and able to tolerate the uncomfortable thoughts and feelings that often arise when we face delays and setbacks — is an essential quality when it comes to mental health.
For many of us, the challenge is that being patient now feels harder than ever before. “We’ re not getting the same opportunities to practice waiting as we used to,” says Michel Dugas, a professor.
Waiting patiently is so difficult that we often react by doing things that actually make us more impatient, like constantly checking our phones for updates or seeking reassurance from everyone we know.. “Technology creates the false belief that certainty is possible, which leads to trying to attain certainty in all situations, contributing to worry and anxiety,” says Dugas.
But it is possible to develop patience — the ability to regulate your emotions in the face of delays, frustration, adversity and suffering.
In my own experience, I’ve found that slowing my breathing, loosening my grip and relaxing my face can help counter impatience — for instance, when I’m sitting in traffic. When it comes to more significant setbacks, I remind myself of Salzberg, a writer.
“There are so many times in my life where I think nothing’s happening for me,” says Salzberg. “Then I look back and say, ’Oh how about that, I was actually planting a seed that I couldn’t have guessed.’ So sometimes I just remind myself that even if I don’t know what it is right now, there is a bigger picture.”
40. Why does the author think people don’t have the ability to wait
_____________________________________________________________
41. What has the author come to realize since missing his chance to learn to sculpt
_____________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Technology makes people more impatient because it enables them to attain certainty in all situations.
_____________________________________________________________
43. How do you overcome impatience in life (In about 40 words)
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Because in a world where answers are instantly available, people are not used to dealing with delays and unknowns.
41. The author has come to realize that psychological flexibility is an essential quality for mental health.
42. Technology makes people more impatient because it enables them to attain certainty in all situations.
Because technology doesn’t enable people to attain certainty in all situations. Instead, it creates a false belief of certainty, leading to worry and anxiety.
43. To overcome impatience in life, cultivate psychological flexibility, regulate emotions by slowing breathing and relaxing, and remind oneself of the broader perspective, recognizing that even in uncertainties, one is planting seeds for future growth.
第二节 (20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学学生李华。你所在的“科学社”近期要开展一次跨学科综合实践活动。请你用英语给在你校国际部学习的好友Jim写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.活动内容；
2.发出邀请。
提示词： 跨学科综合实践活动 interdisciplinary learning activity
注意：1.词数 100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I hope this email finds you well. Our “Science Club” is about to embark on an exciting interdisciplinary learning activity, and I can’t wait to share the details with you.
The activity aims to explore the connections between science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) through a series of hands-on projects and presentations. We’ll be working in teams to solve real-world problems, fostering creativity and collaboration across different disciplines.
I know you have a keen interest in these fields and would be a valuable addition to our team. Would you like to join us It’s a great opportunity to broaden your horizons and make new friends.
Please let me know if you’re interested. I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon!
Yours,
Li Hua
高三英语
本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Drake was riding in the passenger seat of his grandfather’s truck along Route 75. The grandfather, Hugh, 68, was in contact with a co-worker when ___1___ something was very wrong. Hugh ___2___ talking and looked not quite himself. Drake called out and asked whether he was all right, but Hugh was no longer conscious.
Hugh’s co-worker, who was still on the line, told Drake to use his grandfather’s cell phone to call his mother, Jessica. She ___3___ her son to climb onto his grandfather’s lap, take hold of the wheel and pull over to the shoulder of the highway. Then the call dropped.
Drake lives on a farm and has driven golf carts. “There’s always an adult watching, but he drives alone,” his mother said. The ___4___ behind the wheel gave him the confidence to ___5___ his grandfather’s vehicle. He pulled off, called 911 and told the operator what had happened and where he was located. “I’m really scared,” Drake added in tears. “I don’t want him to die.”
Police and an ambulance quickly arrived at the ___6___. Although Drake was relieved that help had arrived, he said, “I was still kind of ___7___. Rescue workers gave Hugh first aid, and, within about 20 minutes, he started to feel better. “It was good I had Drake with me,” Hugh said. He knows that had his grandson not been there with him, things could have taken an awful ___8___ .
Drake’s parents said they weren’t ___9___ by his quick thinking. “He’s a unique little person,” his mother said. “If I could ____10____ any 10-year-old in the world in that exact situation, it would be Drake. My own child saved my own parent,” Jessica continued. “It made my heart swell.”
1. A. immediately B. finally C. naturally D. suddenly
2. A. missed B. forgot C. stopped D. meant
3. A. permitted B. instructed C. invited D. warned
4. A. position B. vision C. experience D. guidance
5. A. take over B. take off C. take out D. take in
6. A. scene B. hospital C. farm D. shelter
7. A. satisfied B. shaky C. confused D. proud
8. A. chance B. role C. view D. turn
9. A. inspired B. surprised C. impressed D. delighted
10 A. check on B. focus on C. reflect on D. count on
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Andrew Konde, a student at Kenya’s Strathmore University, was inspired to start learning kung fu as a child after ___11___ (watch) martial arts movies. What began as a hobby for a child has since become a way of life for Konde, ___12___ is now the chairman of the university’ s Martial Arts Club. Through hard work, he ___13___ (lead) his team to victories at national championships over the past two years.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Scientists have made a tiny battery as thin as a human hair. Because it’s so small, it could help tiny robots enter the body ___14___ (deliver) medicine. Previously these robots needed sunlight to work, which limited ___15___ they could go. This new battery lets them work ___16___ needing external power. Currently, these batteries ___17___ (attach) to the robots by wires, but in the future, scientists hope to build the batteries into the robots.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Self-checkout machines are meant to provide customers with a faster and ___18___ (smooth) shopping experience and eliminate long lines at the register. Many people prefer to scan and bag their own ___19___ (item) and zip through the transaction with great ease. At the same time, however, many customers complain that self-checkout causes more problems than it solves. The machines can freeze up or scan ___20___ (correct) for example. That slows things down and defeats the whole purpose.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
We are pleased to announce the launch of the “2025 Youth Photo Challenge for Disaster Risk Reduction ”. Young and amateur photographers are invited to participate by sharing their best photos. The top 10 selected photos will be exhibited and featured in UN communication materials, which will foster a greater understanding and appreciation of resilience in the face of climate emergency, and to increase the voices of youth globally.
Theme
The theme centers on the impact of heat waves, wildfires, and floods. In particular, we encourage participants to:
Record solutions, prevention measures, and mechanisms adopted by individuals, local communities, and national authorities to tackle these climate challenges.
Reflect innovation and adaptation in the face of adversity.
Evaluation criteria
Photos will be evaluated based on four criteria:
Relevance to theme: This criterion assesses how effectively the photograph captures the impact of heat waves, wildfires, and floods, as well as the response mechanisms employed to address these challenges.
Impact and storytelling: This criterion evaluates the emotional strength of the photograph. Special consideration will be given to photos that successfully tell stories of resilience and empowerment.
Creativity and originality: This criterion focuses on the uniqueness of the perspective and the innovative reflection of the themes.
Technical quality: This criterion examines the technical aspects of the photograph, including composition and overall visual appeal.
Submission guidelines
Submission deadline: 15 September 2025
Announcement of selected photos: The top 10 photos will be announced on 13 October 2025, the International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction.
Entries should be emailed to undrr-roeca@un.org with the subject line “Summer 2025 Photo Challenge Submission”.
Each submission must include: the photographer’s full name and age; location of the photo and date; and brief description (50-100 words) explaining the photo’s context and relevance to the theme.
Participants must confirm the originality of their work and ensure they have obtained all necessary permissions for any identifiable individuals in the photos.
21. What do we know about the Photo Challenge
A. It will display the best photographs. B. It mainly focuses on community efforts.
C. It is open to professional photographers. D. It aims to work out solutions to disasters.
22. An entry is likely to be chosen if it ___________.
A. reflects international relief efforts B. demonstrates the optimism of youth
C. shows the appeal of advanced technology D. presents original viewpoints on climate crisis
23. What is one of the requirements for submission
A. Attaching a brief introduction. B. Sending the entry by 13 October.
C. Completing an application form. D. Getting permission from the community.
B
Two years ago, fueled by my envy for those with gardens, I signed up for a plot, a place where I could read and write in the sun, safe from distractions. A few months ago, I was presented a half-plot of available land. The plot, which was bigger than I could dream of, was beautiful but overgrown — getting it started would require hard work. I wasn’t sure I had it in me.
Fast forward to now. After seeking guidance from my family and watching beginners’ gardening videos, I spend hours a week sowing, weeding, watering and harvesting. My summer at the plot has so far offered countless lessons, but the most important one has been learning more about how food actually grows. Take the humble cauliflower — a common sight in the supermarket, yet it demands patient tending for up to six months, all for a short moment on the plate. Seasonality has also taken on a new meaning. I knew that all fresh food has its “season” but it was only when I was overwhelmed by an endless supply of courgettes that I really understood I could be eating them for months.
Yet abundant harvests come with a lesson in impermanence. Fresh produce goes off quickly once ripened and picked. And so I’ve turned to the old craft of preservation — learning what to boil and freeze, or make into jam — to make things last. When the harvest has been more than I can manage, I’ve shared the abundance with friends and family, spreading the joy.
While gardening is a welcome escape from the chaos of the modern world, you can’t avoid the reality of the climate crisis. It’s one thing to read these in the news or see them reflected in prices, but it’s quite another when you have to be in tune with weather patterns, praying for prolonged sunshine without the unbearable heat.
As I continue to tend my plot, I do so with a sense of humility, wonder and excitement. What started as a desire for a small patch of green has grown into something much more significant — a connection to my local environment, a respect for the food I eat and an awareness of the fragile natural systems that sustain us. In the beginning, I was worried I would fail the plot; instead, I’m finding myself growing alongside it.
24. How did the author feel when getting the plot
A. Proud but anxious. B. Grateful but puzzled.
C. Amazed but worried. D. Moved but disappointed.
25. While working on the plot, the author learned to __________.
A. remove chaos from life B. create seasonal recipes
C. identify common plants D. respect laws of nature
26. What does the author’s experience tell us
A. Labor is the most reliable wealth. B. Every season brings its own lessons.
C. The land is made better and so is the gardener. D. One should stay hungry for constant progress.
C
In 1993, a ship sailed into the Pacific Ocean carrying nearly 1,000 pounds of iron, then dumped it all into the waves. The next morning, the water turned a little greenish due to newly emerged phytoplankton (浮游生物). The microorganisms, which need iron to grow, draw CO out of the air.
Fertilizing the ocean with iron is a form of geoengineering, a set of technologies fascinating for their potential to meaningfully impact Earth’s systems, and controversial for the same reason. As the planet heats, geoengineering is employed to manipulate (控制) it in novel ways, whether researchers mist the skies with sea salt to increase how much sunlight clouds reflect or invent machines to suck greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere. Engineering home-grown plankton sounds like a less dramatic approach. But the field is so new that scientists don’t yet know whether geoengineering with microorganisms would really be a gentler form of climate intervention. Microbes, after all, play enormously consequential roles in the world around us and within us. For the best chance of keeping Earth liveable, scientists need to understand exactly how the microscopic creatures might be useful, and perhaps even preferable to the more sci-fi approaches to cooling off the world.
One favored approach centers on methane, a greenhouse gas accounting for 30% of the rise in global temperature. Mary Lidstrom, a professor, is working on genetically modifying bacteria that naturally consume methane, so that the microbes pull even more gas from the air. The bacteria would live inside facilities known as bioreactors. They could be positioned near known methane sources — landfills and wetlands — to minimize the amount of methane that makes it into the air.
Scaling up any kind of climate engineering is tricky. Significantly slowing warming caused by methane would require about 300,000 bioreactors to be active for 20 years. And the downstream effects are difficult to predict, let alone contain. For example, the iron put into the Pacific Ocean could have consequences for other regions of the world’s seas.
Also, there’s nearly as much uncertainty about intended effects. Scientists don’t know for sure how effective these concepts will prove to be. The 1993 ship expeditions, for example, didn’t stick around very long; the journeys were expensive, and scientists couldn’t remain at sea to determine what exactly was happening in the depths. Carbon stolen out of the atmosphere should remain buried for at least a century for maximum impact Yet it’s entirely possible that if the phytoplankton doesn’t sink to deep enough waters, it just gets eaten by the organisms in the surface ocean, and that CO just returns to the atmosphere.
The hotter the planet gets, the more attractive geoengineering will likely seem. Short of large-scale behavioral changes globally, we do seem to be committing ourselves to an engineered solution on our current routes. We might have to decide, sooner than we think, which levers we need to pull, large or small.
27. What can we learn about geoengineering
A. Ocean iron-fertilization is on the horizon. B. Sunlight-reflection method is cost-effective.
C. Methane-eating bacteria are being improved. D. Gas-sucking machine is a theoretical concept.
28. What can we infer from Paragraph 4 about the geoengineering approaches
A. Their impact on the ecosystem is overlooked. B. Their implications are hard to anticipate.
C. They call for decades of preparation. D. They are monitored continuously.
29. The iron-fertilization experiment may achieve its intended effects if __________.
A. the target microbes survive B. carbon is stored separately
C the phytoplankton grows faster D. more deep-sea organisms are tested
30. What might be the best title for the passage
A. How Will Geoengineering Better Earth’s Systems
B. How to Cool the World Without Blocking the Sun
C. How to Steal Carbon with Sci-fi Approaches
D. How Can the Engineered Solution Deliver
D
The age of artificial intelligence has begun, and it brings plenty of anxieties. Almost all of the conversations about risk have to do with the potential consequences of AI systems pursuing goals that depart from what they were programmed to do and that are not in the interests of humans. But this is only one side of the danger. Imagine what could unfold if AI does do what humans want.
“What humans want,” of course, isn’t a monolith. Different people have countless ideas of what constitutes “the greater good.” Even if we could get everyone to focus on the well-being of the entire human species, it’s unlikely we’d be able to agree on what that might look like.
That seems to be the reason that DeepMind recently founded an internal organization focused on AI safety and preventing its manipulation by bad actors. But it’s not ideal that what’s “bad” is going to be determined by a handful of individuals at this one particular corporation — complete with their blind spots and personal and cultural biases (偏见). The potential problem goes beyond humans harming other humans. What’s “good” for humanity has, many times throughout history, come at the expense of other sentient (有知觉力的) beings. Such is the situation today.
In the US alone, we have billions of animals kept in confinement, subjected to cruel treatment, and denial of their basic psychological and physiological needs at any given time. Entire species are dominated and systemically butchered so that we can have omelets, burgers and shoes.
If AI does exactly what “we” want it to, that would likely mean enacting this mass cruelty more efficiently, at an even greater scale and with more automation and fewer opportunities for sympathetic humans to step in and flag anything particularly horrifying.
A better goal than aligning AI with humanity’ s immediate interests would be what I would call “sentient alignment” — AI acting in accordance with the interests of all sentient beings, including humans, all other animals and, should it exist, sentient AI. This will strike some as aggressive, because what’s good for all sentient life might not always agree with what’s good for humankind. It might sometimes, even often, be in opposition to what humans want or what would be best for the greatest number of us.
Peter Singer, a philosopher, argued that an AI system’s ultimate goals and priorities are more important than it being aligned with humans. “The question is really whether this super intelligent AI is going to be benevolent and want to produce a better world,” Singer said, “and even if we don’t control it, it still will produce a better world in which our interests will get taken into account.”
I’m with Singer on this. Decentering humankind to any extent, and especially to this extreme, is an idea that will challenge people. But that’s necessary if we’re to prevent our current belief from spreading in new and awful ways.
31. The author mentions the organization founded by DeepMind to __________.
A. question a solution B. clarify a belief
C. illustrate an example D. explain a practice
32. Which of the following can best present the idea of “sentient alignment”
A. AI extends the same rights to living beings. B. AI promotes the interaction among species.
C. AI benefits from the development of humans. D. AI meets the demands of perceptive creatures.
33. What does the underlined word “benevolent” in Paragraph 7 probably mean
A Ambitious. B. Generous. C. Resourceful. D. Competitive.
34. The author’s major concern in developing AI is that __________.
A. AI poses a threat to the world B. society’s morals are in decline
C humans prioritize their own needs D. sentient beings deepen cultural biases
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
While compliments (赞扬) may seem simple, they can have a large impact on you and the people around you, creating a ripple of positivity. However, giving compliments requires skills and knowledge.
Most compliments in our culture follow a very predictable pattern. ___35___ About two-thirds of compliments in the US are made using just five adjectives: nice, good, beautiful, pretty, and great. In addition, about 80% of compliments follow three formats. So if I liked a book you wrote and wanted to say something positive about it, my compliment would probably follow one of these basic patterns: “Your book is great,” “I love your book,” or “That is a terrific book.”
___36___ . For example, in 2011 a scholar showed that women in unstructured settings both give and receive far more compliments than men. About three-quarters of women’s compliments to other women in an unstructured, informal setting involve appearance. In a goal-oriented, formal setting, 68% of praise statements are about performance. ___37___
Whether the compliment is effective depends on whether it is believable, appropriate, and unqualified. ___38___ If you tell me my hair looks good, I will dismiss it and suspect your motives, because I have little hair. More generally, people with low self-esteem don’t usually receive compliments well. As researchers have shown, in people with high self-esteem, a compliment stimulates parts of the brain responsible for self-referential thinking. This occurs significantly less for people who have low self-esteem.
Even if a compliment agrees with one’s self-conception, scholars concluded, it must meet three criteria to be accepted by its object. ___39___ It must be sincere. And it must occur in the appropriate context.
A. It must follow the basic patterns.
B. The praise must come from a person with credibility to give it.
C. What we choose to compliment depends on gender differences.
D. A good compliment must not conflict with its recipient’s self-conception.
E. If people have negative view of a person, they would resist his compliments.
F. In contrast, men are more likely to compliment one another on performance in all settings.
G. They are generally directed toward another person’s appearance, performance, or possessions.
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节 (共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
My grandfather was a neurosurgeon and sculptor. When I was young, I remember him trying to teach me to shape the unwieldy clay he used in his work. But I didn’t have the patience for the firm clay and quickly gave up.
Now, as a clinical psychologist, I see so many people who don’t have the ability to wait, and it is no wonder. In a world where it is possible to get the answer to any question instantly, why should any of us have to deal with delays and unknowns
However, learning how to wait is good for us. Since missing my priceless opportunity to learn’ to sculpt, I’ve come to appreciate that psychological flexibility — being open to and able to tolerate the uncomfortable thoughts and feelings that often arise when we face delays and setbacks — is an essential quality when it comes to mental health.
For many of us, the challenge is that being patient now feels harder than ever before. “We’ re not getting the same opportunities to practice waiting as we used to,” says Michel Dugas, a professor.
Waiting patiently is so difficult that we often react by doing things that actually make us more impatient, like constantly checking our phones for updates or seeking reassurance from everyone we know.. “Technology creates the false belief that certainty is possible, which leads to trying to attain certainty in all situations, contributing to worry and anxiety,” says Dugas.
But it is possible to develop patience — the ability to regulate your emotions in the face of delays, frustration, adversity and suffering.
In my own experience, I’ve found that slowing my breathing, loosening my grip and relaxing my face can help counter impatience — for instance, when I’m sitting in traffic. When it comes to more significant setbacks, I remind myself of Salzberg, a writer.
“There are so many times in my life where I think nothing’s happening for me,” says Salzberg. “Then I look back and say, ’Oh how about that, I was actually planting a seed that I couldn’t have guessed.’ So sometimes I just remind myself that even if I don’t know what it is right now, there is a bigger picture.”
40. Why does the author think people don’t have the ability to wait
_____________________________________________________________
41. What has the author come to realize since missing his chance to learn to sculpt
_____________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Technology makes people more impatient because it enables them to attain certainty in all situations.
_____________________________________________________________
43. How do you overcome impatience in life (In about 40 words)
_____________________________________________________________
第二节 (20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学学生李华。你所在“科学社”近期要开展一次跨学科综合实践活动。请你用英语给在你校国际部学习的好友Jim写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.活动内容；
2.发出邀请。
提示词： 跨学科综合实践活动 interdisciplinary learning activity
注意：1.词数 100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
东城区2024—2025学年度第一学期期末统一检测
高三英语 答案版
本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Drake was riding in the passenger seat of his grandfather’s truck along Route 75. The grandfather, Hugh, 68, was in contact with a co-worker when ___1___ something was very wrong. Hugh ___2___ talking and looked not quite himself. Drake called out and asked whether he was all right, but Hugh was no longer conscious.
Hugh’s co-worker, who was still on the line, told Drake to use his grandfather’s cell phone to call his mother, Jessica. She ___3___ her son to climb onto his grandfather’s lap, take hold of the wheel and pull over to the shoulder of the highway. Then the call dropped.
Drake lives on a farm and has driven golf carts. “There’s always an adult watching, but he drives alone,” his mother said. The ___4___ behind the wheel gave him the confidence to ___5___ his grandfather’s vehicle. He pulled off, called 911 and told the operator what had happened and where he was located. “I’m really scared,” Drake added in tears. “I don’t want him to die.”
Police and an ambulance quickly arrived at the ___6___. Although Drake was relieved that help had arrived, he said, “I was still kind of ___7___. Rescue workers gave Hugh first aid, and, within about 20 minutes, he started to feel better. “It was good I had Drake with me,” Hugh said. He knows that had his grandson not been there with him, things could have taken an awful ___8___ .
Drake’s parents said they weren’t ___9___ by his quick thinking. “He’s a unique little person,” his mother said. “If I could ____10____ any 10-year-old in the world in that exact situation, it would be Drake. My own child saved my own parent,” Jessica continued. “It made my heart swell.”
1. A. immediately B. finally C. naturally D. suddenly
2. A. missed B. forgot C. stopped D. meant
3. A. permitted B. instructed C. invited D. warned
4. A. position B. vision C. experience D. guidance
5. A. take over B. take off C. take out D. take in
6. A. scene B. hospital C. farm D. shelter
7. A. satisfied B. shaky C. confused D. proud
8. A. chance B. role C. view D. turn
9. A. inspired B. surprised C. impressed D. delighted
10. A. check on B. focus on C. reflect on D. count on
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. D
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Andrew Konde, a student at Kenya’s Strathmore University, was inspired to start learning kung fu as a child after ___11___ (watch) martial arts movies. What began as a hobby for a child has since become a way of life for Konde, ___12___ is now the chairman of the university’ s Martial Arts Club. Through hard work, he ___13___ (lead) his team to victories at national championships over the past two years.
【答案】11. watching
12. who 13. has led
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Scientists have made a tiny battery as thin as a human hair. Because it’s so small, it could help tiny robots enter the body ___14___ (deliver) medicine. Previously these robots needed sunlight to work, which limited ___15___ they could go. This new battery lets them work ___16___ needing external power. Currently, these batteries ___17___ (attach) to the robots by wires, but in the future, scientists hope to build the batteries into the robots.
【答案】14. to deliver
15. where 16. without
17. are attached
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Self-checkout machines are meant to provide customers with a faster and ___18___ (smooth) shopping experience and eliminate long lines at the register. Many people prefer to scan and bag their own ___19___ (item) and zip through the transaction with great ease. At the same time, however, many customers complain that self-checkout causes more problems than it solves. The machines can freeze up or scan ___20___ (correct) for example. That slows things down and defeats the whole purpose.
【答案】18. smoother
19. items 20. incorrectly
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
We are pleased to announce the launch of the “2025 Youth Photo Challenge for Disaster Risk Reduction ”. Young and amateur photographers are invited to participate by sharing their best photos. The top 10 selected photos will be exhibited and featured in UN communication materials, which will foster a greater understanding and appreciation of resilience in the face of climate emergency, and to increase the voices of youth globally.
Theme
The theme centers on the impact of heat waves, wildfires, and floods. In particular, we encourage participants to:
Record solutions, prevention measures, and mechanisms adopted by individuals, local communities, and national authorities to tackle these climate challenges.
Reflect innovation and adaptation in the face of adversity.
Evaluation criteria
Photos will be evaluated based on four criteria:
Relevance to theme: This criterion assesses how effectively the photograph captures the impact of heat waves wildfires, and floods, as well as the response mechanisms employed to address these challenges.
Impact and storytelling: This criterion evaluates the emotional strength of the photograph. Special consideration will be given to photos that successfully tell stories of resilience and empowerment.
Creativity and originality: This criterion focuses on the uniqueness of the perspective and the innovative reflection of the themes.
Technical quality: This criterion examines the technical aspects of the photograph, including composition and overall visual appeal.
Submission guidelines
Submission deadline: 15 September 2025
Announcement of selected photos: The top 10 photos will be announced on 13 October 2025, the International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction.
Entries should be emailed to undrr-roeca@un.org with the subject line “Summer 2025 Photo Challenge Submission”.
Each submission must include: the photographer’s full name and age; location of the photo and date; and brief description (50-100 words) explaining the photo’s context and relevance to the theme.
Participants must confirm the originality of their work and ensure they have obtained all necessary permissions for any identifiable individuals in the photos.
21. What do we know about the Photo Challenge
A. It will display the best photographs. B. It mainly focuses on community efforts.
C. It is open to professional photographers. D. It aims to work out solutions to disasters.
22. An entry is likely to be chosen if it ___________.
A. reflects international relief efforts B. demonstrates the optimism of youth
C. shows the appeal of advanced technology D. presents original viewpoints on climate crisis
23. What is one of the requirements for submission
A. Attaching a brief introduction. B. Sending the entry by 13 October.
C. Completing an application form. D. Getting permission from the community.
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. A
B
Two years ago, fueled by my envy for those with gardens, I signed up for a plot, a place where I could read and write in the sun, safe from distractions. A few months ago, I was presented a half-plot of available land. The plot, which was bigger than I could dream of, was beautiful but overgrown — getting it started would require hard work. I wasn’t sure I had it in me.
Fast forward to now. After seeking guidance from my family and watching beginners’ gardening videos, I spend hours a week sowing, weeding, watering and harvesting. My summer at the plot has so far offered countless lessons, but the most important one has been learning more about how food actually grows. Take the humble cauliflower — a common sight in the supermarket, yet it demands patient tending for up to six months, all for a short moment on the plate. Seasonality has also taken on a new meaning. I knew that all fresh food has its “season” but it was only when I was overwhelmed by an endless supply of courgettes that I really understood I could be eating them for months.
Yet abundant harvests come with a lesson in impermanence. Fresh produce goes off quickly once ripened and picked. And so I’ve turned to the old craft of preservation — learning what to boil and freeze, or make into jam — to make things last. When the harvest has been more than I can manage, I’ve shared the abundance with friends and family, spreading the joy.
While gardening is a welcome escape from the chaos of the modern world, you can’t avoid the reality of the climate crisis. It’s one thing to read these in the news or see them reflected in prices, but it’s quite another when you have to be in tune with weather patterns, praying for prolonged sunshine without the unbearable heat.
As I continue to tend my plot, I do so with a sense of humility, wonder and excitement. What started as a desire for a small patch of green has grown into something much more significant — a connection to my local environment, a respect for the food I eat and an awareness of the fragile natural systems that sustain us. In the beginning, I was worried I would fail the plot; instead, I’m finding myself growing alongside it.
24. How did the author feel when getting the plot
A. Proud but anxious. B. Grateful but puzzled.
C. Amazed but worried. D. Moved but disappointed.
25. While working on the plot, the author learned to __________.
A. remove chaos from life B. create seasonal recipes
C. identify common plants D. respect laws of nature
26. What does the author’s experience tell us
A. Labor is the most reliable wealth. B. Every season brings its own lessons.
C. The land is made better and so is the gardener. D. One should stay hungry for constant progress.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. C
C
In 1993, a ship sailed into the Pacific Ocean carrying nearly 1,000 pounds of iron, then dumped it all into the waves. The next morning, the water turned a little greenish due to newly emerged phytoplankton (浮游生物). The microorganisms, which need iron to grow, draw CO out of the air.
Fertilizing the ocean with iron is a form of geoengineering, a set of technologies fascinating for their potential to meaningfully impact Earth’s systems, and controversial for the same reason. As the planet heats, geoengineering is employed to manipulate (控制) it in novel ways, whether researchers mist the skies with sea salt to increase how much sunlight clouds reflect or invent machines to suck greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere. Engineering home-grown plankton sounds like a less dramatic approach. But the field is so new that scientists don’t yet know whether geoengineering with microorganisms would really be a gentler form of climate intervention. Microbes, after all, play enormously consequential roles in the world around us and within us. For the best chance of keeping Earth liveable, scientists need to understand exactly how the microscopic creatures might be useful, and perhaps even preferable to the more sci-fi approaches to cooling off the world.
One favored approach centers on methane, a greenhouse gas accounting for 30% of the rise in global temperature. Mary Lidstrom, a professor, is working on genetically modifying bacteria that naturally consume methane, so that the microbes pull even more gas from the air. The bacteria would live inside facilities known as bioreactors. They could be positioned near known methane sources — landfills and wetlands — to minimize the amount of methane that makes it into the air.
Scaling up any kind of climate engineering is tricky. Significantly slowing warming caused by methane would require about 300,000 bioreactors to be active for 20 years. And the downstream effects are difficult to predict, let alone contain. For example, the iron put into the Pacific Ocean could have consequences for other regions of the world’s seas.
Also, there’s nearly as much uncertainty about intended effects. Scientists don’t know for sure how effective these concepts will prove to be. The 1993 ship expeditions, for example, didn’t stick around very long; the journeys were expensive, and scientists couldn’t remain at sea to determine what exactly was happening in the depths. Carbon stolen out of the atmosphere should remain buried for at least a century for maximum impact Yet it’s entirely possible that if the phytoplankton doesn’t sink to deep enough waters, it just gets eaten by the organisms in the surface ocean, and that CO just returns to the atmosphere.
The hotter the planet gets, the more attractive geoengineering will likely seem. Short of large-scale behavioral changes globally, we do seem to be committing ourselves to an engineered solution on our current routes. We might have to decide, sooner than we think, which levers we need to pull, large or small.
27. What can we learn about geoengineering
A. Ocean iron-fertilization is on the horizon. B. Sunlight-reflection method is cost-effective.
C. Methane-eating bacteria are being improved. D. Gas-sucking machine is a theoretical concept.
28. What can we infer from Paragraph 4 about the geoengineering approaches
A. Their impact on the ecosystem is overlooked. B. Their implications are hard to anticipate.
C. They call for decades of preparation. D. They are monitored continuously.
29. The iron-fertilization experiment may achieve its intended effects if __________.
A. the target microbes survive B. carbon is stored separately
C. the phytoplankton grows faster D. more deep-sea organisms are tested
30. What might be the best title for the passage
A. How Will Geoengineering Better Earth’s Systems
B. How to Cool the World Without Blocking the Sun
C. How to Steal Carbon with Sci-fi Approaches
D. How Can the Engineered Solution Deliver
【答案】27. C 28. B 29. B 30. A
D
The age of artificial intelligence has begun, and it brings plenty of anxieties. Almost all of the conversations about risk have to do with the potential consequences of AI systems pursuing goals that depart from what they were programmed to do and that are not in the interests of humans. But this is only one side of the danger. Imagine what could unfold if AI does do what humans want.
“What humans want,” of course, isn’t a monolith. Different people have countless ideas of what constitutes “the greater good.” Even if we could get everyone to focus on the well-being of the entire human species, it’s unlikely we’d be able to agree on what that might look like.
That seems to be the reason that DeepMind recently founded an internal organization focused on AI safety and preventing its manipulation by bad actors. But it’s not ideal that what’s “bad” is going to be determined by a handful of individuals at this one particular corporation — complete with their blind spots and personal and cultural biases (偏见). The potential problem goes beyond humans harming other humans. What’s “good” for humanity has, many times throughout history, come at the expense of other sentient (有知觉力的) beings. Such is the situation today.
In the US alone, we have billions of animals kept in confinement, subjected to cruel treatment, and denial of their basic psychological and physiological needs at any given time. Entire species are dominated and systemically butchered so that we can have omelets, burgers and shoes.
If AI does exactly what “we” want it to, that would likely mean enacting this mass cruelty more efficiently, at an even greater scale and with more automation and fewer opportunities for sympathetic humans to step in and flag anything particularly horrifying.
A better goal than aligning AI with humanity’ s immediate interests would be what I would call “sentient alignment” — AI acting in accordance with the interests of all sentient beings, including humans, all other animals and, should it exist, sentient AI. This will strike some as aggressive, because what’s good for all sentient life might not always agree with what’s good for humankind. It might sometimes, even often, be in opposition to what humans want or what would be best for the greatest number of us.
Peter Singer, a philosopher, argued that an AI system’s ultimate goals and priorities are more important than it being aligned with humans. “The question is really whether this super intelligent AI is going to be benevolent and want to produce a better world,” Singer said, “and even if we don’t control it, it still will produce a better world in which our interests will get taken into account.”
I’m with Singer on this. Decentering humankind to any extent, and especially to this extreme, is an idea that will challenge people. But that’s necessary if we’re to prevent our current belief from spreading in new and awful ways.
31. The author mentions the organization founded by DeepMind to __________.
A. question a solution B. clarify a belief
C. illustrate an example D. explain a practice
32. Which of the following can best present the idea of “sentient alignment”
A. AI extends the same rights to living beings. B. AI promotes the interaction among species.
C. AI benefits from the development of humans. D. AI meets the demands of perceptive creatures.
33. What does the underlined word “benevolent” in Paragraph 7 probably mean
A. Ambitious. B. Generous. C. Resourceful. D. Competitive.
34. The author’s major concern in developing AI is that __________.
A. AI poses a threat to the world B. society’s morals are in decline
C. humans prioritize their own needs D. sentient beings deepen cultural biases
【答案】31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
While compliments (赞扬) may seem simple, they can have a large impact on you and the people around you, creating a ripple of positivity. However, giving compliments requires skills and knowledge.
Most compliments in our culture follow a very predictable pattern. ___35___ About two-thirds of compliments in the US are made using just five adjectives: nice, good, beautiful, pretty, and great. In addition, about 80% of compliments follow three formats. So if I liked a book you wrote and wanted to say something positive about it, my compliment would probably follow one of these basic patterns: “Your book is great,” “I love your book,” or “That is a terrific book.”
___36___ . For example, in 2011 a scholar showed that women in unstructured settings both give and receive far more compliments than men. About three-quarters of women’s compliments to other women in an unstructured, informal setting involve appearance. In a goal-oriented, formal setting, 68% of praise statements are about performance. ___37___
Whether the compliment is effective depends on whether it is believable, appropriate, and unqualified. ___38___ If you tell me my hair looks good, I will dismiss it and suspect your motives, because I have little hair. More generally, people with low self-esteem don’t usually receive compliments well. As researchers have shown, in people with high self-esteem, a compliment stimulates parts of the brain responsible for self-referential thinking. This occurs significantly less for people who have low self-esteem.
Even if a compliment agrees with one’s self-conception, scholars concluded, it must meet three criteria to be accepted by its object. ___39___ It must be sincere. And it must occur in the appropriate context.
A. It must follow the basic patterns.
B. The praise must come from a person with credibility to give it.
C. What we choose to compliment depends on gender differences.
D. A good compliment must not conflict with its recipient’s self-conception.
E. If people have negative view of a person, they would resist his compliments.
F. In contrast, men are more likely to compliment one another on performance in all settings.
G. They are generally directed toward another person’s appearance, performance, or possessions.
【答案】35. G 36. C 37. F 38. D 39. B
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节 (共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
My grandfather was a neurosurgeon and sculptor. When I was young, I remember him trying to teach me to shape the unwieldy clay he used in his work. But I didn’t have the patience for the firm clay and quickly gave up.
Now, as a clinical psychologist, I see so many people who don’t have the ability to wait, and it is no wonder. In a world where it is possible to get the answer to any question instantly, why should any of us have to deal with delays and unknowns
However, learning how to wait is good for us. Since missing my priceless opportunity to learn’ to sculpt, I’ve come to appreciate that psychological flexibility — being open to and able to tolerate the uncomfortable thoughts and feelings that often arise when we face delays and setbacks — is an essential quality when it comes to mental health.
For many of us, the challenge is that being patient now feels harder than ever before. “We’ re not getting the same opportunities to practice waiting as we used to,” says Michel Dugas, a professor.
Waiting patiently is so difficult that we often react by doing things that actually make us more impatient, like constantly checking our phones for updates or seeking reassurance from everyone we know.. “Technology creates the false belief that certainty is possible, which leads to trying to attain certainty in all situations, contributing to worry and anxiety,” says Dugas.
But it is possible to develop patience — the ability to regulate your emotions in the face of delays, frustration, adversity and suffering.
In my own experience, I’ve found that slowing my breathing, loosening my grip and relaxing my face can help counter impatience — for instance, when I’m sitting in traffic. When it comes to more significant setbacks, I remind myself of Salzberg, a writer.
“There are so many times in my life where I think nothing’s happening for me,” says Salzberg. “Then I look back and say, ’Oh how about that, I was actually planting a seed that I couldn’t have guessed.’ So sometimes I just remind myself that even if I don’t know what it is right now, there is a bigger picture.”
40. Why does the author think people don’t have the ability to wait
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41. What has the author come to realize since missing his chance to learn to sculpt
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42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Technology makes people more impatient because it enables them to attain certainty in all situations.
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43. How do you overcome impatience in life (In about 40 words)
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【答案】40. Because in a world where answers are instantly available, people are not used to dealing with delays and unknowns.
41. The author has come to realize that psychological flexibility is an essential quality for mental health.
42. Technology makes people more impatient because it enables them to attain certainty in all situations.
Because technology doesn’t enable people to attain certainty in all situations. Instead, it creates a false belief of certainty, leading to worry and anxiety.
43. To overcome impatience in life, cultivate psychological flexibility, regulate emotions by slowing breathing and relaxing, and remind oneself of the broader perspective, recognizing that even in uncertainties, one is planting seeds for future growth.
第二节 (20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学学生李华。你所在的“科学社”近期要开展一次跨学科综合实践活动。请你用英语给在你校国际部学习的好友Jim写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.活动内容；
2.发出邀请。
提示词： 跨学科综合实践活动 interdisciplinary learning activity
注意：1.词数 100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I hope this email finds you well. Our “Science Club” is about to embark on an exciting interdisciplinary learning activity, and I can’t wait to share the details with you.
The activity aims to explore the connections between science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) through a series of hands-on projects and presentations. We’ll be working in teams to solve real-world problems, fostering creativity and collaboration across different disciplines.
I know you have a keen interest in these fields and would be a valuable addition to our team. Would you like to join us It’s a great opportunity to broaden your horizons and make new friends.
Please let me know if you’re interested. I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon!
Yours,
Li Hua
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