2024-2025学年福建省福州名校联盟高三上学期1月期末联考英语试题（含答案）

2024-2025学年福建省福州名校联盟高三上学期1月期末联考英语试题
考试日期：1月3日 完卷时间：120分钟　　满分：150分
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Coffee is a beloved beverage around the world, and different regions are famous for their unique coffee flavors and production methods. Let’s take a look at the coffee from three distinct places below.
Colombia: The Land of High-Quality Arabica
The country’s ideal climate, with plenty of rainfall and moderate temperatures in the coffee-growing regions, provides perfect conditions for coffee cultivation. Colombian coffee is often described as having a smooth and well-balanced flavor, with notes of chocolate, nuts, and a hint of fruitiness. Many coffee lovers appreciate its mild acidity, which makes it a great choice for those who prefer a less intense coffee experience.
Ethiopia: The Cradle of Coffee with Rich Flavors
Ethiopia is considered the birthplace of coffee. It has a long and rich history of coffee production that dates back centuries. Ethiopian coffee is known for its diverse range of flavors. The beans from different regions within the country can vary greatly in taste. Some have a floral and citrusy flavor profile, while others might offer a more earthy and spicy taste. The unique processing methods used by local farmers also contribute to the distinctiveness of Ethiopian coffee.
Vietnam: Robusta and the Distinctive Brewing Style
Vietnam is a major coffee producer in Asia. It is famous for its Robusta coffee beans. Vietnamese coffee has a strong and bold flavor with a relatively high caffeine content. It is often brewed using a drip method with a metal filter, which results in a thick and concentrated coffee. The addition of condensed milk is a popular way to enjoy Vietnamese coffee, giving it a sweet and creamy touch that sets it apart from the coffees of other regions.
Whether you prefer the smoothness of Colombian coffee, the complex flavors of Ethiopian coffee, or the boldness of Vietnamese coffee, each of these regions offers a unique coffee experience that has captivated coffee enthusiasts worldwide.
21. In terms of coffee flavor, which statement is incorrect about the three countries
A. Colombian coffee has various flavors while Ethiopian coffee varies in flavor by region.
B. Vietnamese coffee is bold due to Robusta beans and condensed milk.
C. Colombian coffee is more intense than Ethiopian coffee because of higher caffeine.
D. Ethiopian coffee’s diverse flavor relates to different processing methods.
22. Regarding coffee production and brewing in these countries, which is correct
A. Colombia grows both Arabica and Robusta beans for diverse flavor.
B. Ethiopia processes beans uniformly for consistent flavor.
C. Vietnamese brewing with a metal filter affects flavor and caffeine content.
D. All countries use unique ways to bring out bean flavors.
23. Considering historical and cultural aspects of coffee in these countries, which is accurate
A. Colombia started coffee cultivation later, learning from others.
B. Ethiopia’s coffee culture deeply influences global culture.
C. Vietnam mainly focuses on domestic coffee demand.
D. The three countries’ coffee cultures have no connection.
B
Intensive work and travel did not leave much time for a private life. At the age of 43 Alfred Nobel was feeling like an old man. He placed an ad in a newspaper seeking a mature, multilingual woman to serve as his secretary and household supervisor. The most suitable candidate turned out to be Austrian Countess Bertha Kinsky. However, after a brief stint with Nobel, she returned to Austria to wed Count Arthur von Suttner. In spite of this Alfred Nobel and Bertha von Suttner remained friends and kept writing letters to each other for decades. Over the years Bertha von Suttner became increasingly critical of the arms race.
She wrote a famous book, Lay Down Your Arms and became a prominent figure in the peace movement. No doubt this influenced Alfred Nobel when he wrote his final will which was to include a Prize for persons or organizations who promoted peace. Several years after the death of Alfred Nobel, the Norwegian Storting (Parliament) decided to award the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize to Bertha von Suttner.
Alfred Nobel died in San Remo, Italy, on December 10, 1896. When his will was opened it came as a surprise that his fortune was to be used for Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace. The executors of his will were two young engineers, Ragnar Sohlman and Rudolf Lillequist. They set about forming the Nobel Foundation as an organization to take care of the financial assets left by Nobel for this purpose and to coordinate the work of the Prize-Awarding Institutions. This was not without its difficulties since the will was contested by relatives and questioned by authorities in various countries.
Alfred Nobel’s exceptional talent lay in his unique ability to merge the insight of a scientist and inventor with the enterprising spirit of an industrialist. Nobel was very interested in social and peace-related issues and held what were considered uncommon views in his era. He also possessed a profound love for literature and authored his own poetry and plays. The Nobel Prizes became an extension and a fulfillment of his lifetime interests.
24. Which one is true about Nobel Foundation
A. It was set in December, 1896 with difficulties.
B. It offers various types of awards to Europeans.
C. It was established after the death of Nobel.
D. The first Nobel Prize was awarded in 1905.
25. Why did Alfred Nobel place an ad in the newspaper
A. He wanted to find a wife.
B. He needed help with work as his limited personal life.
C. He was looking for assistants for the experiment.
D. He was looking for a business partner.
26. What can we categorize Lay Down Your Arms into
A. A science fiction movie. B. An affair among a couple.
C. A novel against military. D. A biography of a peace activist.
27. According to the last paragraph, which one can best describes the characteristics of Alfred Nobel
A. Adventurous and genuine. B. Ambitious and open-minded.
C. Industrious and mature. D. Dedicated but illiterate.
C
In ancient times, ambergris was used to scent cosmetics in Mesopotamia and almost every civilization in the world has encountered it. Before 1,000 AD, the Chinese named ambergris “lung-sien-hiang”, which translates to “dragon’s spittle perfume”, as they believed it was created from the saliva of dragons sleeping on rocks at the edge of the sea. The Arabs knew ambergris as anbar and believed it was produced from springs near the sea, which is where it gets its name. For centuries, this substance has also been used as a flavoring in food. During the Middle Ages, Europeans used ambergris as a treatment for headaches, colds, epilepsy, and other illnesses. In the 1851 whaling novel Moby-Dick, Herman Melville claimed that ambergris was “largely used in perfumery.” However, nobody ever knew where it really came from.
Experts were still guessing its origin thousands of years later, until the long ages of guesswork ended in the 1720’s, when Nantucket whalers found gobs of the costly material inside the stomachs of sperm whales Industrial whaling quickly burgeoned (兴起). By 20th century ambergris is mainly recovered from inside the carcasses (尸体)of sperm whales.
Through countless ages, people have found pieces of ambergris on sandy beaches. It was named gray amber to distinguish it from golden amber, another rare treasure. Both of them were among the most sought-after substances in the world, almost as valuable as gold. (Grey amber sells for roughly 20$ a gram, slightly less than gold at 30$ a gram.) Amber floats in salt water, and in ancient times, the origin of both these substances was mysterious. However, it turned out that amber and ambergris have little in common. Amber is a type of hard, transparent (透明的), and organic material that has been prized for its beauty and rarity. It is formed from the resin of ancient trees, mainly pines, that have been fossilized over time. Before the discovery of the New World, amber was already well-known to Europeans and was often used in jewelry-making. Despite being considered a gemstone, amber is not a mineral but a biological material, making it unique among gemstones. Its beauty and value have been recognized for centuries, making amber a highly prized natural material.
Ambergris is a valuable fixative in perfumes, enhancing and prolonging scent. However, due to its rarity, cost, availability, and legal issues, most perfumeries now use a chemical derivative instead. As a fragrance consumer, it’s unlikely that your perfume contains natural ambergris unless specifically advertised or it’s a vintage scent from before the 1980s. If you’re curious about ambergris in your perfume, review your scent collection. Some popular perfumes containing ambergris are Givenchy Amarige, Chanel No.5, and Gucci Guilty.
28. What can we learn about ambergris from the first two paragraphs
A. It was found near the coast from the springs. B. There are myths about it from culture to culture.
C Human didn’t know its origin until the 20 century. D. It was a little bit less expensive than gold.
29. Which is the commonality between ambergris and amber
A. Being see-through. B. Producing sweet scents.
C. Being expensive. D. Used as currency.
30. Which one is true about today’s perfume products
A. You may find ambergris in it which produced between 1950 and 1960.
B. Ambergris is still a popular ingredient in perfume productions today.
C. Ambergris has been discovered to have new medical uses today.
D. Ambergris is becoming more expensive than before.
31. What topic is unlikely to be discussed between Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4
A. History about how to find the origin of ambergris.
B. More accurate producing process of amber.
C. Why the ambergris is becoming more and more precious.
D. The close bond between sperm whales and ambergris formation.
D
The cerebellum (小脑), a remarkable structure located at the back of the brain, has long been a subject of extensive scientific research. Despite its relatively small size compared to other brain regions, it plays a crucial role in numerous functions.
Traditionally, the cerebellum was primarily known for its role in coordinating movement (协调运动) and maintaining balance. It receives information from various sensory systems, such as the proprioceptive system (本体感觉系统) (which provides information about body position and movement), the vestibular system (前庭系统) (related to balance and spatial orientation), and the visual system. By integrating these inputs, the cerebellum fine-tunes motor commands sent from the cerebral cortex (大脑皮层) to ensure smooth and precise movements. For example, activities like walking, running, or playing a musical instrument rely heavily on the cerebellum’s ability to adjust and correct the ongoing movements in real-time.
However, recent research has expanded our understanding of the cerebellum’s functions far beyond just motor control. Scientists have discovered that it is also involved in cognitive processes, including attention, language, and even aspects of emotional regulation. In studies involving patients with cerebellar damage, deficits in attention span and language processing have been observed. This suggests that the cerebellum may have a more complex and widespread influence on the brain’s overall functioning than previously thought.
Moreover, the cellular and molecular mechanisms within the cerebellum are another area of active research. Neuroscientists (神经科学家) are delving into how the different types of neurons (神经元) in the cerebellum communicate with each other and how specific neurotransmitters (神经递质) and signaling pathways regulate its functions. Understanding these intricate details could potentially lead to new treatments for neurological disorders that involve the cerebellum, such as cerebellar ataxia (a disorder characterized by problems with coordination and balance).
As technology continues to advance, researchers are using advanced imaging techniques like functional magnetic resonance imaging (功能性磁共振成像, fMRI) and positron emission tomography (正电子发射断层扫描, PET) to study the cerebellum in more detail. These methods allow them to observe changes in blood flow and metabolic (代谢) activity in the cerebellum during different tasks and conditions, providing valuable insights into its normal functioning and potential dysfunctions (功能异常).
32. What was the traditional understanding of the cerebellum’s main function
A. It was mainly responsible for cognitive processes.
B. It played a crucial role in regulating emotions.
C It centered on the maintenance of balance.
D. It was involved in visual information processing.
33. Which of the following statements about the research on the cerebellum is correct
A. The functions are already clearly understood.
B. It shows cerebellum’s physical movements mainly.
C Advanced tools is the very way to study cerebellum.
D. Both old and new research help understand it better.
34. Why are advanced imaging techniques important in cerebellum research
A. They can directly change the cellular and molecular mechanisms within the cerebellum.
B. They help researchers observe blood flow changes and metabolic activity and give insights into its functioning.
C. They are used to treat neurological disorders related to the cerebellum directly.
D. They can create artificial models of the cerebellum for better understanding.
35. What could be the prospect of perceiving the cellular and molecular mechanisms within the cerebellum
A. It could hold back the communication between different neurons in the cerebellum.
B. It would eliminate neurological disorders completely related to the brain.
C. It would make the cerebellum grow larger in size.
D. It could help in developing new treatments for cerebellar ataxia.
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The college entrance examination (Gaokao) is constantly undergoing question type reforms. To perform well under these changes, students need to adopt effective learning and coping strategies. Here are some important aspects to focus on.
Deepen Understanding of Core Knowledge
The Gaokao, despite its reforms, always bases its assessment on the core knowledge of each subject. ____36____
For example, in subjects like physics, mastering fundamental concepts like Newton’s laws not only helps in solving textbook problems but also enables you to handle complex, real-world application questions that might appear in the new question types. You need to dig deeper into these core knowledges, understand their essence and connections with other related points. ____37____ Only by doing this can you build a solid knowledge framework to face the diverse challenges brought by the reform.
Cultivate Analytical and Critical Thinking
New Gaokao question types are designed to test students’ higher-order thinking abilities. ____38____ When dealing with comprehensive questions in subjects like history or politics, you can’t just rely on rote memorization. Instead, you have to analyze different historical events or social phenomena from multiple perspectives, evaluate various viewpoints, and form your own rational judgments. Reading a wide range of books, participating in academic discussions, and analyzing case studies are all good ways to enhance this ability. ____39____ This will broaden your thinking horizons and make you better prepared for the questions that require in-depth thinking.
Improve Time Management Skills in Exams
With the changes in the Gaokao question types, the difficulty and quantity distribution of questions may vary.
Hence, effective time management during the exam is of great significance.____40____Before the exam, carefully study the exam pattern and allocate appropriate time for each section according to the score and difficulty level. During the practice of mock exams, strictly follow the time limit to train yourself to answer questions quickly and accurately. This way, you can ensure that you can complete all the questions within the given time and avoid the situation of leaving some questions unanswered due to time shortage.
A. This can help you avoid being influenced by one-sided opinions and expand your thinking space.
B. Memorizing the knowledge blindly is enough to deal with these questions.
C. Because these core knowledge are the cornerstone for answering a large number of questions.
D. You can take your time without caring about the time limit during the mock exams.
E. It requires you to think independently, analyze problems comprehensively, and draw reasonable conclusions.
F. You don’t need to pay attention to the time allocation at all as long as you can answer the questions.
G. With a profound understanding of the core knowledge, you can use it flexibly when facing different questions.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Participating in the school sports meet’s 1500-meter race was an ____41____ journey that tested my limits in every stride. As the starting gun echoed through the stadium, ____42____ electrified my veins, mingling with the anticipation of the challenge ahead. The initial burst of energy propelled me forward alongside my competitors, each of us vying (竞争) for that crucial early ____43____.
The first lap flew by in a blur of ____44____ and adrenaline (肾上腺素), but as I settled into a rhythm, the reality of the distance began to ____45____ upon me. My breath came in uneven gasps, each one a reminder of the physical toll this effort was taking. The sun ____46____ down mercilessly, its rays piercing through my sweat-drenched shirt, adding another layer of exhaustion to the mix.
By the halfway mark, legs that once felt springy now felt like ____47____. My lungs burned, and doubt crept into my mind—could I really push through to the end Yet, amidst (在...之中) the pain and fatigue, a spark of ____48____ lit up inside my body. I remembered the countless hours of training, the early mornings, and the late nights dedicated to this moment. I knew I owed it to myself to give it my ____49____.
With _____50_____ determination, I dug deep into my reserves of strength. Each step forward became a battle against the mounting fatigue, but also a testament to my _____51_____. The crowd’s cheers, though distant and faint, served as a beacon (象征) of _____52_____, reminding me that I wasn’t alone in this fight.
As I entered the final stretch, the pain was almost _____53_____, but so was the desire to triumph. With a final, desperate surge of adrenaline, I pushed my body to its absolute _____54_____. The finish line loomed closer, a beacon of relief and accomplishment.
Crossing it in approximately 5minutes and 20seconds I collapsed forward, spent but _____55_____. The announcement of my victory as the first-place finisher echoed in my ears, a sweet symphony of validation for all the hard work and sacrifice.
In that moment, the pain was eclipsed by the overwhelming sense of achievement, knowing that I had conquered not just the race, but also myself.
41. A. easy B. arduous C. pleasant D. relaxing
42. A. excitement B. tension C. nerves D. anger
43. A. lead B. goal C. victory D. advantage
44. A. focus B. determination C. courage D. bravery
45. A. dawn B. shine C. fall D. rise
46. A. shone B. beat C. bore D. hung
47. A. iron B. wood C. steel D. lead
48. A. inspiration B. motivation C. resilience D. ambition
49. A. all B. effort C. best D. nothing
50. A. reduced B. renewed C. increased D. solid
51. A. weakness B. strength C. laziness D. perseverance
52. A. despair B. encouragement C. disappointment D. frustration
53. A. unbearable B. bearable C. pleasant D. enjoyable
54. A. peak B. bottom C. limit D. extreme
55. A. sad B. exhilarated C. bored D. disappointed
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In China, alcohol has a history of more than 4,000 years. Some scholars believe that the technique for making Chinese alcohol ___56___ (origin) in the Xia Dynasty.
In ancient China, since alcohol was regarded as a sacred liquid, only when people made sacrificial offerings to Heaven and the Earth or ancestors was ___57___ used. After the Zhou Dynasty, alcohol ___58___ (account) one of the Nine Rites (九礼), and every dynasty put great emphasis on alcohol administration to set up special ministries ___59___ (manage) alcohol.
Chinese alcohol can be classified into many types, and Chinese Baijiu and Huangjiu are the ___60___ (represent). Baiju, or “Shaojiu”, is a Chinese distilled (蒸馏的) alcoholic beverage made from fermented (发酵的) grain. Huangjiu is made directly from grain. Unlike Baijiu, Huangjiu is not distilled, and is ___61___ (suit) for daily drinking.
In ancient times, alcohol was used as a stimulant and reward for the army. The stimulating drink could make cowards brave, cheer up ____62____ exhausted and raise the spirits of the army. Alcohol also had a great impact on Chinese artists, many of them ____63____ (produce) their peak-of-perfection masterpieces right after drinking.
In modern China, alcohol remains its important role ___64___ many social changes. It still appears in almost all social activities, and the most common circumstances are birthday parties for seniors, wedding feasts and sacrificial ceremonies, ___65___ alcohol is the main drink to show happiness or respect.
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节：（满分15分）
66. 假定你是李华，今天上课时不小心弄坏了你同桌的笔。请你给你的同桌Chris写一封邮件，表达你的歉意，内容包括：
(1)道歉并说明情况；
(2)给出补救方案。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右，可以有适当细节的增添；
2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Dear Chris,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
67. 阅读下列材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In the serene morning, our school campus lay bathed in a gentle glow of sunlight. The air was still, with only the occasional chatter of students and the rustle of books breaking the silence. The classrooms were abuzz with activity as students diligently worked on their assignments, their faces lit by the soft light filtering through the windows.
But suddenly, the tranquility was shattered by a violent earthquake. The ground began to shake, sending a shudder through the entire school. The seismic waves were so powerful that they sent a shiver down the spines of every student. Amidst the chaos, a girl named Alice, a fellow member of our class, panicked and fled the classroom in a flash. Her flight was a stark contrast to the complacency of the rest of us who remained seated, unmoved by the rumbling beneath our feet. Yet, as we sat unperturbed, students from other classes streamed out of their classrooms in a panic, their faces etched with fear. The corridor outside our classroom soon filled with the hustle and bustle of fleeing students, their footsteps echoing loudly in the otherwise silent morning.
Suddenly, the school’s broadcast system came to life, its voice echoing through the hallways, instructing everyone to evacuate and gather in the designated area. However, it was soon revealed that this was a mistake, a miscue from the broadcast station that had sent our hearts racing even further. With the all-clear signal, we returned to our seats, trying to regain our composure. The teacher, a pillar of calm in the midst of the commotion, resumed the lesson as if nothing had happened, her voice a soothing balm to our frayed nerves.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2 .请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Para1: Meanwhile, the ground shook violently once again, this aftershock stronger than the first.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Para2: Yet, as we began to regain our composure, we realized that Bob had not made it out.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2024～2025学年度第一学期福州名校联盟1月期末联考
高三英语 答案版
考试日期：1月3日 完卷时间：120分钟　　满分：150分
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Coffee is a beloved beverage around the world, and different regions are famous for their unique coffee flavors and production methods. Let’s take a look at the coffee from three distinct places below.
Colombia: The Land of High-Quality Arabica
The country’s ideal climate, with plenty of rainfall and moderate temperatures in the coffee-growing regions, provides perfect conditions for coffee cultivation. Colombian coffee is often described as having a smooth and well-balanced flavor, with notes of chocolate, nuts, and a hint of fruitiness. Many coffee lovers appreciate its mild acidity, which makes it a great choice for those who prefer a less intense coffee experience.
Ethiopia: The Cradle of Coffee with Rich Flavors
Ethiopia is considered the birthplace of coffee. It has a long and rich history of coffee production that dates back centuries. Ethiopian coffee is known for its diverse range of flavors. The beans from different regions within the country can vary greatly in taste. Some have a floral and citrusy flavor profile, while others might offer a more earthy and spicy taste. The unique processing methods used by local farmers also contribute to the distinctiveness of Ethiopian coffee.
Vietnam: Robusta and the Distinctive Brewing Style
Vietnam is a major coffee producer in Asia. It is famous for its Robusta coffee beans. Vietnamese coffee has a strong and bold flavor with a relatively high caffeine content. It is often brewed using a drip method with a metal filter, which results in a thick and concentrated coffee. The addition of condensed milk is a popular way to enjoy Vietnamese coffee, giving it a sweet and creamy touch that sets it apart from the coffees of other regions.
Whether you prefer the smoothness of Colombian coffee, the complex flavors of Ethiopian coffee, or the boldness of Vietnamese coffee, each of these regions offers a unique coffee experience that has captivated coffee enthusiasts worldwide.
21. In terms of coffee flavor, which statement is incorrect about the three countries
A. Colombian coffee has various flavors while Ethiopian coffee varies in flavor by region.
B. Vietnamese coffee is bold due to Robusta beans and condensed milk.
C. Colombian coffee is more intense than Ethiopian coffee because of higher caffeine.
D. Ethiopian coffee’s diverse flavor relates to different processing methods.
22. Regarding coffee production and brewing in these countries, which is correct
A. Colombia grows both Arabica and Robusta beans for diverse flavor.
B. Ethiopia processes beans uniformly for consistent flavor.
C. Vietnamese brewing with a metal filter affects flavor and caffeine content.
D. All countries use unique ways to bring out bean flavors.
23. Considering historical and cultural aspects of coffee in these countries, which is accurate
A. Colombia started coffee cultivation later, learning from others.
B. Ethiopia’s coffee culture deeply influences global culture.
C. Vietnam mainly focuses on domestic coffee demand.
D. The three countries’ coffee cultures have no connection.
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B
B
Intensive work and travel did not leave much time for a private life. At the age of 43 Alfred Nobel was feeling like an old man. He placed an ad in a newspaper seeking a mature, multilingual woman to serve as his secretary and household supervisor. The most suitable candidate turned out to be Austrian Countess Bertha Kinsky. However, after a brief stint with Nobel, she returned to Austria to wed Count Arthur von Suttner. In spite of this Alfred Nobel and Bertha von Suttner remained friends and kept writing letters to each other for decades. Over the years Bertha von Suttner became increasingly critical of the arms race.
She wrote a famous book, Lay Down Your Arms and became a prominent figure in the peace movement. No doubt this influenced Alfred Nobel when he wrote his final will which was to include a Prize for persons or organizations who promoted peace. Several years after the death of Alfred Nobel, the Norwegian Storting (Parliament) decided to award the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize to Bertha von Suttner.
Alfred Nobel died in San Remo, Italy, on December 10, 1896. When his will was opened it came as a surprise that his fortune was to be used for Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace. The executors of his will were two young engineers, Ragnar Sohlman and Rudolf Lillequist. They set about forming the Nobel Foundation as an organization to take care of the financial assets left by Nobel for this purpose and to coordinate the work of the Prize-Awarding Institutions. This was not without its difficulties since the will was contested by relatives and questioned by authorities in various countries.
Alfred Nobel’s exceptional talent lay in his unique ability to merge the insight of a scientist and inventor with the enterprising spirit of an industrialist. Nobel was very interested in social and peace-related issues and held what were considered uncommon views in his era. He also possessed a profound love for literature and authored his own poetry and plays. The Nobel Prizes became an extension and a fulfillment of his lifetime interests.
24. Which one is true about Nobel Foundation
A. It was set in December, 1896 with difficulties.
B. It offers various types of awards to Europeans.
C. It was established after the death of Nobel.
D. The first Nobel Prize was awarded in 1905.
25. Why did Alfred Nobel place an ad in the newspaper
A. He wanted to find a wife.
B. He needed help with work as his limited personal life.
C. He was looking for assistants for the experiment.
D. He was looking for a business partner.
26. What can we categorize Lay Down Your Arms into
A. A science fiction movie. B. An affair among a couple.
C. A novel against military. D. A biography of a peace activist.
27. According to the last paragraph, which one can best describes the characteristics of Alfred Nobel
A. Adventurous and genuine. B. Ambitious and open-minded.
C. Industrious and mature. D. Dedicated but illiterate.
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. C 27. B
C
In ancient times, ambergris was used to scent cosmetics in Mesopotamia and almost every civilization in the world has encountered it. Before 1,000 AD, the Chinese named ambergris “lung-sien-hiang”, which translates to “dragon’s spittle perfume”, as they believed it was created from the saliva of dragons sleeping on rocks at the edge of the sea. The Arabs knew ambergris as anbar and believed it was produced from springs near the sea, which is where it gets its name. For centuries, this substance has also been used as a flavoring in food. During the Middle Ages, Europeans used ambergris as a treatment for headaches, colds, epilepsy, and other illnesses. In the 1851 whaling novel Moby-Dick, Herman Melville claimed that ambergris was “largely used in perfumery.” However, nobody ever knew where it really came from.
Experts were still guessing its origin thousands of years later, until the long ages of guesswork ended in the 1720’s, when Nantucket whalers found gobs of the costly material inside the stomachs of sperm whales Industrial whaling quickly burgeoned (兴起). By 20th century ambergris is mainly recovered from inside the carcasses (尸体)of sperm whales.
Through countless ages, people have found pieces of ambergris on sandy beaches. It was named gray amber to distinguish it from golden amber, another rare treasure. Both of them were among the most sought-after substances in the world, almost as valuable as gold. (Grey amber sells for roughly 20$ a gram, slightly less than gold at 30$ a gram.) Amber floats in salt water, and in ancient times, the origin of both these substances was mysterious. However, it turned out that amber and ambergris have little in common. Amber is a type of hard, transparent (透明的), and organic material that has been prized for its beauty and rarity. It is formed from the resin of ancient trees, mainly pines, that have been fossilized over time. Before the discovery of the New World, amber was already well-known to Europeans and was often used in jewelry-making. Despite being considered a gemstone, amber is not a mineral but a biological material, making it unique among gemstones. Its beauty and value have been recognized for centuries, making amber a highly prized natural material.
Ambergris is a valuable fixative in perfumes, enhancing and prolonging scent. However, due to its rarity, cost, availability, and legal issues, most perfumeries now use a chemical derivative instead. As a fragrance consumer, it’s unlikely that your perfume contains natural ambergris unless specifically advertised or it’s a vintage scent from before the 1980s. If you’re curious about ambergris in your perfume, review your scent collection. Some popular perfumes containing ambergris are Givenchy Amarige, Chanel No.5, and Gucci Guilty.
28. What can we learn about ambergris from the first two paragraphs
A. It was found near the coast from the springs. B. There are myths about it from culture to culture.
C. Human didn’t know its origin until the 20 century. D. It was a little bit less expensive than gold.
29. Which is the commonality between ambergris and amber
A. Being see-through. B. Producing sweet scents.
C. Being expensive. D. Used as currency.
30. Which one is true about today’s perfume products
A. You may find ambergris in it which produced between 1950 and 1960.
B. Ambergris is still a popular ingredient in perfume productions today.
C. Ambergris has been discovered to have new medical uses today.
D. Ambergris is becoming more expensive than before.
31. What topic is unlikely to be discussed between Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4
A. History about how to find the origin of ambergris.
B. More accurate producing process of amber.
C. Why the ambergris is becoming more and more precious.
D. The close bond between sperm whales and ambergris formation.
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. A 31. B
D
The cerebellum (小脑), a remarkable structure located at the back of the brain, has long been a subject of extensive scientific research. Despite its relatively small size compared to other brain regions, it plays a crucial role in numerous functions.
Traditionally, the cerebellum was primarily known for its role in coordinating movement (协调运动) and maintaining balance. It receives information from various sensory systems, such as the proprioceptive system (本体感觉系统) (which provides information about body position and movement), the vestibular system (前庭系统) (related to balance and spatial orientation), and the visual system. By integrating these inputs, the cerebellum fine-tunes motor commands sent from the cerebral cortex (大脑皮层) to ensure smooth and precise movements. For example, activities like walking, running, or playing a musical instrument rely heavily on the cerebellum’s ability to adjust and correct the ongoing movements in real-time.
However, recent research has expanded our understanding of the cerebellum’s functions far beyond just motor control. Scientists have discovered that it is also involved in cognitive processes, including attention, language, and even aspects of emotional regulation. In studies involving patients with cerebellar damage, deficits in attention span and language processing have been observed. This suggests that the cerebellum may have a more complex and widespread influence on the brain’s overall functioning than previously thought.
Moreover, the cellular and molecular mechanisms within the cerebellum are another area of active research. Neuroscientists (神经科学家) are delving into how the different types of neurons (神经元) in the cerebellum communicate with each other and how specific neurotransmitters (神经递质) and signaling pathways regulate its functions. Understanding these intricate details could potentially lead to new treatments for neurological disorders that involve the cerebellum, such as cerebellar ataxia (a disorder characterized by problems with coordination and balance).
As technology continues to advance, researchers are using advanced imaging techniques like functional magnetic resonance imaging (功能性磁共振成像, fMRI) and positron emission tomography (正电子发射断层扫描, PET) to study the cerebellum in more detail. These methods allow them to observe changes in blood flow and metabolic (代谢) activity in the cerebellum during different tasks and conditions, providing valuable insights into its normal functioning and potential dysfunctions (功能异常).
32. What was the traditional understanding of the cerebellum’s main function
A. It was mainly responsible for cognitive processes.
B. It played a crucial role in regulating emotions.
C. It centered on the maintenance of balance.
D. It was involved in visual information processing.
33. Which of the following statements about the research on the cerebellum is correct
A. The functions are already clearly understood.
B. It shows cerebellum’s physical movements mainly.
C. Advanced tools is the very way to study cerebellum.
D. Both old and new research help understand it better.
34. Why are advanced imaging techniques important in cerebellum research
A. They can directly change the cellular and molecular mechanisms within the cerebellum.
B. They help researchers observe blood flow changes and metabolic activity and give insights into its functioning.
C. They are used to treat neurological disorders related to the cerebellum directly.
D. They can create artificial models of the cerebellum for better understanding.
35. What could be the prospect of perceiving the cellular and molecular mechanisms within the cerebellum
A. It could hold back the communication between different neurons in the cerebellum.
B. It would eliminate neurological disorders completely related to the brain.
C. It would make the cerebellum grow larger in size.
D. It could help in developing new treatments for cerebellar ataxia.
【答案】32. C 33. D 34. B 35. D
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The college entrance examination (Gaokao) is constantly undergoing question type reforms. To perform well under these changes, students need to adopt effective learning and coping strategies. Here are some important aspects to focus on.
Deepen Understanding of Core Knowledge
The Gaokao, despite its reforms, always bases its assessment on the core knowledge of each subject. ____36____
For example, in subjects like physics, mastering fundamental concepts like Newton’s laws not only helps in solving textbook problems but also enables you to handle complex, real-world application questions that might appear in the new question types. You need to dig deeper into these core knowledges, understand their essence and connections with other related points. ____37____ Only by doing this can you build a solid knowledge framework to face the diverse challenges brought by the reform.
Cultivate Analytical and Critical Thinking
New Gaokao question types are designed to test students’ higher-order thinking abilities. ____38____ When dealing with comprehensive questions in subjects like history or politics, you can’t just rely on rote memorization. Instead, you have to analyze different historical events or social phenomena from multiple perspectives, evaluate various viewpoints, and form your own rational judgments. Reading a wide range of books, participating in academic discussions, and analyzing case studies are all good ways to enhance this ability. ____39____ This will broaden your thinking horizons and make you better prepared for the questions that require in-depth thinking.
Improve Time Management Skills in Exams
With the changes in the Gaokao question types, the difficulty and quantity distribution of questions may vary.
Hence, effective time management during the exam is of great significance.____40____Before the exam, carefully study the exam pattern and allocate appropriate time for each section according to the score and difficulty level. During the practice of mock exams, strictly follow the time limit to train yourself to answer questions quickly and accurately. This way, you can ensure that you can complete all the questions within the given time and avoid the situation of leaving some questions unanswered due to time shortage.
A. This can help you avoid being influenced by one-sided opinions and expand your thinking space.
B Memorizing the knowledge blindly is enough to deal with these questions.
C. Because these core knowledge are the cornerstone for answering a large number of questions.
D. You can take your time without caring about the time limit during the mock exams.
E. It requires you to think independently, analyze problems comprehensively, and draw reasonable conclusions.
F. You don’t need to pay attention to the time allocation at all as long as you can answer the questions.
G. With a profound understanding of the core knowledge, you can use it flexibly when facing different questions.
【答案】36. C 37. G 38. E 39. A 40. D
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Participating in the school sports meet’s 1500-meter race was an ____41____ journey that tested my limits in every stride. As the starting gun echoed through the stadium, ____42____ electrified my veins, mingling with the anticipation of the challenge ahead. The initial burst of energy propelled me forward alongside my competitors, each of us vying (竞争) for that crucial early ____43____.
The first lap flew by in a blur of ____44____ and adrenaline (肾上腺素), but as I settled into a rhythm, the reality of the distance began to ____45____ upon me. My breath came in uneven gasps, each one a reminder of the physical toll this effort was taking. The sun ____46____ down mercilessly, its rays piercing through my sweat-drenched shirt, adding another layer of exhaustion to the mix.
By the halfway mark, legs that once felt springy now felt like ____47____. My lungs burned, and doubt crept into my mind—could I really push through to the end Yet, amidst (在...之中) the pain and fatigue, a spark of ____48____ lit up inside my body. I remembered the countless hours of training, the early mornings, and the late nights dedicated to this moment. I knew I owed it to myself to give it my ____49____.
With _____50_____ determination, I dug deep into my reserves of strength. Each step forward became a battle against the mounting fatigue, but also a testament to my _____51_____. The crowd’s cheers, though distant and faint, served as a beacon (象征) of _____52_____, reminding me that I wasn’t alone in this fight.
As I entered the final stretch, the pain was almost _____53_____, but so was the desire to triumph. With a final, desperate surge of adrenaline, I pushed my body to its absolute _____54_____. The finish line loomed closer, a beacon of relief and accomplishment.
Crossing it in approximately 5minutes and 20seconds, I collapsed forward, spent but _____55_____. The announcement of my victory as the first-place finisher echoed in my ears, a sweet symphony of validation for all the hard work and sacrifice.
In that moment, the pain was eclipsed by the overwhelming sense of achievement, knowing that I had conquered not just the race, but also myself.
41. A. easy B. arduous C. pleasant D. relaxing
42. A. excitement B. tension C. nerves D. anger
43. A. lead B. goal C. victory D. advantage
44. A. focus B. determination C. courage D. bravery
45. A. dawn B. shine C. fall D. rise
46. A. shone B. beat C. bore D. hung
47. A. iron B. wood C. steel D. lead
48. A. inspiration B. motivation C. resilience D. ambition
49. A. all B. effort C. best D. nothing
50. A. reduced B. renewed C. increased D. solid
51 A. weakness B. strength C. laziness D. perseverance
52. A. despair B. encouragement C. disappointment D. frustration
53. A. unbearable B. bearable C. pleasant D. enjoyable
54. A. peak B. bottom C. limit D. extreme
55. A. sad B. exhilarated C. bored D. disappointed
【答案】41. B 42. A 43. D 44. B 45. C 46. A 47. D 48. B 49. C 50. B 51. D 52. B 53. A 54. C 55. B
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In China, alcohol has a history of more than 4,000 years. Some scholars believe that the technique for making Chinese alcohol ___56___ (origin) in the Xia Dynasty.
In ancient China, since alcohol was regarded as a sacred liquid, only when people made sacrificial offerings to Heaven and the Earth or ancestors was ___57___ used. After the Zhou Dynasty, alcohol ___58___ (account) one of the Nine Rites (九礼), and every dynasty put great emphasis on alcohol administration to set up special ministries ___59___ (manage) alcohol.
Chinese alcohol can be classified into many types, and Chinese Baijiu and Huangjiu are the ___60___ (represent). Baiju, or “Shaojiu”, is a Chinese distilled (蒸馏的) alcoholic beverage made from fermented (发酵的) grain. Huangjiu is made directly from grain. Unlike Baijiu, Huangjiu is not distilled, and is ___61___ (suit) for daily drinking.
In ancient times, alcohol was used as a stimulant and reward for the army. The stimulating drink could make cowards brave, cheer up ____62____ exhausted and raise the spirits of the army. Alcohol also had a great impact on Chinese artists, many of them ____63____ (produce) their peak-of-perfection masterpieces right after drinking.
In modern China, alcohol remains its important role ___64___ many social changes. It still appears in almost all social activities, and the most common circumstances are birthday parties for seniors, wedding feasts and sacrificial ceremonies, ___65___ alcohol is the main drink to show happiness or respect.
【答案】56. originated
57. it 58. was accounted
59. to manage
60. representatives
61. suitable
62. the 63. producing
64. despite
65. where
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节：（满分15分）
66. 假定你是李华，今天上课时不小心弄坏了你同桌的笔。请你给你的同桌Chris写一封邮件，表达你的歉意，内容包括：
(1)道歉并说明情况；
(2)给出补救方案。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右，可以有适当细节的增添；
2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Dear Chris,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Chris,
I’m writing this email to offer you my sincerest apology. I feel so awful about what happened in class today. I accidentally dropped your pen while I was clumsily reaching for my notebook, and it broke. It was all my fault and I’m truly regretful.
To make up for it, I’ve searched for the exact same pen on several reliable shopping platforms and placed an order. It’ll be delivered to you as soon as possible. I sincerely hope you can accept my apology and this way of making amends. I’ll be extra careful from now on to avoid such silly mistakes again.
Hoping for your forgiveness.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
67. 阅读下列材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In the serene morning, our school campus lay bathed in a gentle glow of sunlight. The air was still, with only the occasional chatter of students and the rustle of books breaking the silence. The classrooms were abuzz with activity as students diligently worked on their assignments, their faces lit by the soft light filtering through the windows.
But suddenly, the tranquility was shattered by a violent earthquake. The ground began to shake, sending a shudder through the entire school. The seismic waves were so powerful that they sent a shiver down the spines of every student. Amidst the chaos, a girl named Alice, a fellow member of our class, panicked and fled the classroom in a flash. Her flight was a stark contrast to the complacency of the rest of us who remained seated, unmoved by the rumbling beneath our feet. Yet, as we sat unperturbed, students from other classes streamed out of their classrooms in a panic, their faces etched with fear. The corridor outside our classroom soon filled with the hustle and bustle of fleeing students, their footsteps echoing loudly in the otherwise silent morning.
Suddenly, the school’s broadcast system came to life, its voice echoing through the hallways, instructing everyone to evacuate and gather in the designated area. However, it was soon revealed that this was a mistake, a miscue from the broadcast station that had sent our hearts racing even further. With the all-clear signal, we returned to our seats, trying to regain our composure. The teacher, a pillar of calm in the midst of the commotion, resumed the lesson as if nothing had happened, her voice a soothing balm to our frayed nerves.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2 .请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Para1: Meanwhile, the ground shook violently once again, this aftershock stronger than the first.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Para2: Yet, as we began to regain our composure, we realized that Bob had not made it out.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Meanwhile, the ground shook violently once again, this aftershock stronger than the first. Without hesitation, everyone bolted out of the classroom, our hearts pounding as we ran through the swaying hallways. Reaching the open ground, we gasped for air, relief flooding through us as we realized we were safe. Alice, who had fled earlier, was now helping to calm those around her, her face still pale but her voice steady.
Yet, as we began to regain our composure, we realized that Bob had not made it out. Bob, a quiet classmate, was nowhere to be seen. Without hesitation, our teacher rallied us. “We need to go back!” she shouted, her eyes flashing with determination. Hearts in our mouths, we followed her back into the shaking building. The corridor was a mess, debris littering the floor, but we pressed on, calling Bob’s name. Finally, we found him trapped under a fallen bookshelf. Working quickly and carefully, we lifted the shelf and freed him. Grateful and relieved, Bob stumbled out with us, and together, we escaped the wreckage, our bonds of friendship and solidarity stronger than ever.