专题2：阅读理解（猜测词义类2）—2024-2025学年中考英语二轮复习题型篇(含答案)

专题2：阅读理解（猜测词义类2）
It was a hard year for my family. Whenever my mum looked over at the tree and presents, she would warn us, "There won't be as much for Christmas this year. Try not to be disappointed." Christmas had traditionally been a time for my parents to make us happy. In years past, we had a lot of presents here and there, taking over the living room.
On Christmas morning, we nervously waited in the hallway until Dad told us everything was ready. We rushed into the living room and let the wrapping paper fly. "Here's another one for you," said Mum as she handed me a package. I looked at it, confused. Having spent so much time examining the presents before Christmas, I recognized this one. But it had not been mine. It was my mum's. A new label (标签) had been put on it, with my name written in my mother's handwriting.
"Mum, I can't…"
I was stopped by my mother's eager, joyful look—a look I could not really understand. "Let's see what it is, honey. Hurry and open it."
It was a blow dryer. Though this may seem a simple gift, to me it was so much more. Being an eleven-year-old girl, I was stunned. In my world, where receiving outweighed giving, my mum's act of selflessness was incomprehensible. It was a huge act. Tears filled my eyes and I thought in disbelief about how much my mum must love me to give up her Christmas present so I could have a few more presents.
I have always remembered that Christmas. It had such an effect on me. As a mother with children in my life whom I love, I can now understand my mum's action because giving truly is better than receiving. My mum's simple act meant the world to me.
(1) What can we learn from the first paragraph
A．The author wanted very much to get Christmas presents this year.
B．There were many presents for the author in years past.
C．The author's mother wanted to give a surprise to her children.
D．The author's mother was excited about the Christmas presents.
(2) The mother gave her daughter her own present because _____.
A．she loved her daughter
B．she didn't need the present
C．she didn't like her present
D．she thought the present was simple
(3) The underlined word "stunned" in Paragraph 5 most probably means _____.
A．worried B．bored C．interested D．surprised
(4) Which of the following best describes the author's mother
A．Friendly and energetic. B．Strict and intelligent.
C．Selfless and kind-hearted. D．Helpful and patient.
(5) The main purpose of the passage is to tell us _____.
A．good is rewarded with good
B．giving is better than receiving
C．a friend in need is a friend indeed
D．where there is a will, there's a way
High school biology teacher Kelly Chavis knew smartphones were a problem in her class. But not even the students realized how much of a problem the smartphones were until Chavis did an in-class experiment.
For one class period, students used a whiteboard to count every message, call or other notices that appeared on their phones. Chavis told students not to respond to these notices.
"One girl, just during the one hour, got close to 150 notices. 150!" she said.
Chavis is among a growing number of teachers, parents and health experts who believe that smartphones are now partly the cause of increasing the levels of student worries.
Tests, after-school activities and problems at home can increase stress for students.
But research now suggests that smartphones and social media are some of the main reasons for the rising anxiety levels.
"What a lot of teens told me is that they feel worried without social media and their phones," she said. This use of phones has led to a loss of sleep and face-to-face interactions necessary for their mental well-being.
Nearly 60 percent of parents said they worry about the influence of social media on their child's physical and mental health. Some parents are not letting their children get smartphones until they grow up.
Schools are starting to take steps to solve the problem. Many public schools pay outside companies to watch students' social media activity for signs of distress. Others invite in yoga (瑜伽) teachers and comfort dogs to help calm students.
(1) The students in Kelly Chavis' class _____.
A．never play smartphones in class
B．get more than 150 notices every hour
C．do not really like the experiment
D．now realize the problem of smartphones
(2) One girl in Kelly Chavis' class got _____ 150 notices in just one hour.
A．nearly B．over C．just D．as much as
(3) The underlined word "anxiety" in Paragraph 6 may mean "_____".
A．excitement B．sadness C．worry D．happiness
(4) Which of the following may be the result of using phones too much
A．Feeling sleepy in class. B．Losing their friends.
C．Playing yoga after class. D．Giving up their hobbies.
(5) What is the passage mainly about
A．Smartphones should be refused.
B．Smartphones raise worry levels.
C．An experiment about smartphones.
D．Solutions of smartphone problems.
It's sad to learn that a whale has died in the ocean. However, that's not the end for the whale. It has a lot to give to other sea animals after death.
When a whale dies, it quickly sinks (下沉) to the bottom of the ocean floor. There, the whale body provides food and nutrients (营养物) to deep-sea animals, which are often hungry for food. The remains can last for hundreds of years and create a complex ecosystem called a whale fall (鲸落).
Chinese scientists found a whale fall for the first time in the South China Sea during a deep-sea expedition (考察) carried out by oceanic research vessel (舰) Tansuo-1, which finished its expedition on April 2, 2020. Tansuo-1 carried the manned submersible (潜水器) Shenhai Yongshi, which is able to dive into a depth of 45,000 metres.
The whale fall in the South China Sea is about three metres long. Scientists have found several species (物种) of shrimp and fish near the whale fall. Some fish have started to eat the whale's tail. The whale fall might be quite recent and needs long-term observation (观察), according to Xie Wei, a scientist who took part in the expedition.
The whale fall ecosystem can exist in the deep ocean because great pressure and cold temperatures there prevent body from decomposing too quickly. But the depth also makes it hard for scientists to discover them. There are about 50 known whale falls in the world.
By studying the whale fall, scientists can better understand how marine (海洋的) ecosystems support life and how to protect biodiversity (生物多样性) resources in the deep sea.
(1) What does the writer try to describe in the second paragraph
A．When a whale fall happen. B．Where a whale fall happen.
C．Why a whale fall happen. D．How a whale fall happen.
(2) Which sentence about the whale fall in the South China Sea is WRONG
A．It was found during a deep-sea expedition.
B．There were several species of shrimp and fish around it.
C．Scientists have finished the study of it.
D．Scientists from China found it on April 2, 2020.
(3) The underlined word “decomposing” in Paragraph 5 means "_____".
A．putting in B．going bad C．falling over D．setting off
(4) Why do scientists study the whale fall
a. To understand how marine ecosystem support life.
b. To find how long the whale fall is.
c. To protect biodiversity resources in the deep sea.
d. To study whether fish eat the whale's tail.
A．a, b B．a, c C．b, c D．b, d
We are almost often called upon to support others in friendship. Several years ago, Donna were feeling very depressed (沮丧的). She had just broken up with her boyfriend of two years, and she was having a very difficult time accepting the loss. She had been laid up with a knee injury (伤) for several days, and the time alone at home certainly was not helping. Her sadness was only increased by her being discouraged at herself for not being able to cheer up and stop crying all the time.
Early one morning Donna received a phone call with some terrible news: Her best friend's brother had been killed in a car accident. Donna had known this friend, Mary, and her brother nearly all her life, and the news was really surprising. However, Donna quickly pulled herself together, got in the car, and drove to her friend's house to be there with her.
Over the course of the next few days, when attending the funeral (葬礼) and receiving the hundreds of visitors, Donna was 100 percent present for Mary. She held her close while she cried her endless tears, sat by her side as the waves of sadness washed over her friend, and slept on the floor next to Mary's bed to make sure she did not wake up alone in the middle of the night. During that time she felt rarely any pain in her knee at all and none of the depression she had been experiencing.
Several weeks later, when life began to return to normal, Donna realized that the level of support she had given Mary had been far greater than any support she had offered herself during her dark time. She was able to use the support she had given her friend as a mirror for the support she had been holding back from herself. She realized that her own tears required as much care and attention from her as anyone else's, and that if she could give it to another, she must be able to give it to herself, too.
(1) The underlined part "pulled herself together" in Paragraph 2 probably means "_____".
A．controlled herself B．dressed herself up
C．gave herself up D．helped herself
(2) Which of the following orders best describes what happened to Donna
a. Mary telephoned Donna.
b. Donna broke up with her boyfriend.
c. Mary's brother died in a car accident.
d. Donna lay in bed with a knee injury.
e. Donna came to stay with Mary.
A．c-a-b-d-e B．b-d-a-c-e C．d-b-c-a-e D．b-d-c-a-e
(3) From the last paragraph, we can infer (推断) that _____.
A．with Donna's help, life began to return to normal
B．Mary had given Donna much greater support than she had given herself
C．Donna could get out of her dark time by supporting herself more
D．Donna paid much attention to herself and showed lots of care for herself during her dark time
(4) What is the most suitable title for this passage
A．Friendship B．Support C．Accident D．Experience
On October 25th, 2018, Christie's (佳士得拍卖行) had a very unusual sale. It sold the first piece of artwork created by artificial intelligence for $432,500.
The painting was created by an AI program written by Obvious, an AI research studio in Paris. Soon questions rang through the media: Is this art Who is the artist How about the owner Are machines now creative, too
All good questions—but too early. The technology is far from advanced (高级的), as Obvious suggested, because the public is completely confused about what AI is, and what it is able to do.
In fact, the painting was just one of the countless artworks AI could produce. It was the team behind Obvious that chose this one. The team first programmed the AI, and then they chose 15,000 paintings to train the software (软件). Connecting the painting with the algorithm (计算程序) was just a clever marketing tool. AI did not produce the painting on its own at all.
Lots of artists are using the same software as Obvious, but none of them is worried about losing jobs because of AI. As they build the machine themselves and work with it every day, they know how limited it is. What interests the artists is to create works together: the way AI lets them go beyond their natural ability.
Artists also laugh at the idea that AI is creative. It certainly creates things, sometimes in new and successful ways, but it does so without a purpose. It is the artist who shapes its output. "You make a fire and it produces interesting shapes, but in the end the fire is not creative. AI is a glorified (被美化的) campfire," said one of the pioneers of using AI in art.
(1) The underlined word "confused" in Paragraph 3 probably means "_____".
A．easy to understand B．angry
C．unable to think clearly D．certain
(2) Paragraph 4 mainly talks about _____.
A．what the painting was created for
B．how AI learned to paint
C．why the painting was connected with the algorithm
D．why the painting was not created by AI alone
(3) According to the article, the AI technology makes artists able to _____.
A．paint on the computers B．come up with new ideas
C．improve their painting skills D．save time and money
(4) We can learn from the article that the AI technology _____.
A．can produce countless artworks B．requires no programming
C．can think for itself D．makes artists lose jobs
Other kids felt sorry for John when he was growing up. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier, far happier.
These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. "Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society," said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. "And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them."
Vaillant's study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men's mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.
The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family's social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.
Working—at any age—is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence—the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn't everything. As Tolstoy once said, "One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one's work."
(1) What do we know about John
A．He was envied by others in his childhood.
B．He had few childhood playmates.
C．He received little love from his family.
D．He enjoyed his career and marriage.
(2) Vaillant's team obtained their findings by _____.
A．recording the boys' effort in school
B．evaluating the men's mental health
C．comparing different sets of scores
D．measuring the men's problem-solving ability
(3) What does the underlined word "sharp" in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Quick to react. B．Having a thin edge.
C．Clear and definite. D．Sudden and rapid.
(4) What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Competent adults know more about love than work.
B．Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.
C．Love brings more joy to people than work does.
D．Independence is the key to one's success.
We were locked in a darkness room. Ned tried to escape from the submarine. I remembered that unforgettable day. When morning came, we saw the monster behind us. After fighting against it, Conseil, Ned and I were thrown into the sea and stood on the monster. We thought it was a giant narwhal (独角鲸). In fact, it was a submarine. A few seconds later, eight men came out and pulled us into this room on the submarine.
Suddenly, two men entered. The tall man was Captain Nemo. He even knew everything we did with him. He asked us to promise not to escape. Finally, we reached an agreement.
Captain Nemo showed me the art gallery with many paintings by famous artists and a museum that contained many thousands of wonderful shells, pearls and other treasures from the sea. I had never seen such a good museum. "What a wonderful ship. It must have cost a fortune." "That's true!" he replied. "I love it as if it were my child."
A few days later, Captain Nemo invited me and my friends to go hunting with him in the forests of Crespo Island. About one hundred savages followed us and tried to come into the ship. Captain Nemo didn't worry about them. When they put their hand on the rail, they all fell back and ran away. Captain Nemo had put electricity into the rail. Anybody who touched it would receive an electric shock.
One day, he asked me to follow him to another room. A man lay on a bed with a very bad head wound. I looked at it. "What happened " Captain Nemo answered, "Something broke in the engine. A heavy piece of metal hit his head." "He is going to die soon," I said. "Nothing can save him." Tears filled Captain Nemo's eyes, and he asked me to leave.
We sailed through a sea of milk and huge armies of shell sand, sometimes large crowds of sharks. I realized that I did not really want to escape.
(1) Which is the correct order of the following statements
a. Captain Nemo invited me and my friends to go hunting.
b. We fought against the monster on the sea.
c. Captain Nemo showed me a lot of amazing things.
d. We were locked in a darkness room.
A．a-d-b-c B．b-d-c-a C．d-b-c-a D．c-a-b-d
(2) The underlined word "fortune" in Paragraph 3 may mean "_____".
A．luck B．money C．time D．life
(3) Why didn't Captain Nemo worry about the _____ savages
A．Because the number of the savages was too small.
B．Because Captain Nemo was optimistic.
C．Because Captain Nemo had a way to deal with them.
D．Because I could help him beat them.
(4) According to the passage, which of the following is RIGHT
A．Ned and I tried to escape.
B．Captain Nemo cared about his member.
C．I found the journey boring.
D．Conseil, Ned and I didn't make any promise.
Everybody knows that the Earth spins from west to east. That is to say, it appears to be turning counterclockwise (逆时针) rapidly when viewed from above the North Pole. But what if the Earth started spinning the other way
Scientists from Germany have made a computer simulation in which the Earth spins in the opposite direction—clockwise when viewed from above the North Pole. This showed them some interesting things about the weather and geography on the Earth, Live Science reported.
As the Earth spins in a counterclockwise direction, it shapes certain ocean currents (洋流) . The direction of ocean currents, together with winds, produces different weathers around the globe. But a backward spin changes the ocean currents and winds. __▲__ Western areas of the lands on the Earth cool down as the eastern parts warm up. Winters become even colder in northwestern Europe, while eastern Russia becomes warmer than before. Rain no longer falls on the planet's wettest places.
Another result of a backward spin is that the Earth becomes greener. Scientists found that global desert (沙漠) areas reduce from 42 million square kilometers to 31 million square kilometers. This may have something to do with the changing weather. Therefore, you can see rich green landscapes from Central Africa to the Middle East, which are mostly covered with deserts now. More surprisingly, the Sahara Desert becomes an oasis.
However, deserts don't disappear. They just appear in some places in which they never appear before. Deserts would cover North America, where countries like the United States and Canada lie. Sand dunes would replace the Amazon rainforest in South America.
A backward spin would keep the main features of the Earth's geography, such as the size, shapes and positions of lands and oceans. But it would change the interactions between circulating air, ocean and geography, lead scientist Florian Ziemen told Live Science.
(1) Which of the following sentences can be put in the blank of Paragraph 3
A．Anyway deserts cover the planet.
B．Therefore, the weather is different.
C．However, the positions of oceans change.
D．Surprisingly, the area of lands is larger.
(2) The underlined word "oasis" in Paragraph 4 means "_____".
A．a place in a desert where there is sand and stones all over
B．a rich land in a desert where there is water and where plants grow
C．a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land or an ocean
D．a large smooth area which is over 500 metres above the sea level
(3) What would a backward spin bring to the Earth
A．The direction of ocean currents and winds would be different.
B．Rain would no longer fall on western areas of the lands on the Earth.
C．Deserts would become larger and cover the planet's wettest places.
D．The size, shapes and positions of lands and oceans would be changed.
(4) The passage is most probably taken from a magazine on _____.
A．history B．travel C．entertainment D．geography
With the popularity of social media, cyber bullying (网络欺凌) has become a common social problem that many families, communities and schools have had to face head-on.
Described as "willful and repeated harm caused through the use of computers, cellphones, and other electronic products", cyber bullying often appears as sending, posting, or sharing something harmful or untrue about others. It can also include sharing the personal or private information of others and sending unkind or impolite messages to a person or a group online.
Compared with traditional acts of bullying, cyber bullying is easier to perform for its low cost. For the anonymous (匿名的) environment in cyber space, the bullies don't have to face victims (受害者) in person, and victims often don't know who is hurting them. In this invisible war, some cyber bullying crosses the line into unlawful or criminal behavior.
Cyber bullying can cause hurt pride and poor school results. It can also lead to difficulty in forming healthy relationships and most importantly, victims can develop long-term symptoms (症状) of stress. __▲__, and young people are more easily to get hurt. To protect children and teenagers from cyber bullying, China adopted a revision (通过修订) to the Law on the Protection of Minors on October 17th. The revised law which will come into force on June 1, 2021 includes a new part on internet protection to protect those under the age of 18.
According to the revision, young people under cyber bullying and their guardians (监护人) have the right to ask internet service providers to take action such as deleting, blocking or disconnecting links about victims. Upon receiving the notice, the service providers should take necessary action to stop the bullying and prevent the spread of related information. The revision also makes rules on cyber crime and school bullying against young people. Calling for the all-around efforts of internet service providers, guardians and schools, the new law hopes to provide a protective umbrella for young people to grow healthily.
(1) Which of the following words has the closest meaning to "invisible"
A．Unseen. B．Hidden. C．Unnoticed. D．Magical.
(2) Which of the following can be best put in the blank in Paragraph 4
A．Cyber bullying does harm to people who use electronic products.
B．People of all ages should know the danger of cyber bullying.
C．These influences can be harmful to victims whatever their ages.
D．Cyber bullying is dangerous to body and mind of people.
(3) What can we learn about cyber bullying from the passage
A．Cyber bullying is everywhere with the development of technology.
B．Cyber bullying is easy to spread and difficult to control.
C．Cyber bullying has the biggest influence on young people at school.
D．Cyber bullying is the most dangerous bullying in the world.
(4) Paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly talk about _____.
A．the influence of cyber bullying
B．the methods of cyber bullying spread
C．the purpose of adopting the revision
D．the ways to protect cyber bullying victims
China will gradually increase required scores on the physical exercise test to the same level as those of Chinese, maths and English on high school entrance exams, or zhongkao.
It's important to improve PE in schools because some people think low importance given to PE in schools in the past has led to some health problems among teenagers, such as near-sight and fatness.
Wang Dengfeng, the head of the Department (部门) of Physical, Health and Arts Education at the Ministry of Education, said Yunnan province is the only provincial region (省区) in China to give PE classes the same weight as academic subjects (学术科目) on high school entrance exams, and other regions should gradually increase the weight of PE classes. "All provincial regions also should gradually add tests of students' artistic abilities to the high school entrance exams by 2022," he added.
Earlier, the guidelines (指导方针), announced by the general offices of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council, have encouraged primary and secondary schools to provide students with one PE class a day and to open enough art classes for students, including music, painting, dance and drama.
Besides, students in primary and junior high schools should master two basic sports skills: running and jumping, and take part in sports, such as soccer, basketball, volleyball, swimming and winter sports. Chen Peijie, the president of Shanghai University of Sport, said surveys have shown that ninth and tenth graders have better physical health than students in other grades because they need to prepare for the test.
At the same time, the news also causes heated discussions among the public. China's traditional idea of schooling emphasizes more on academic education than physical education, and schools often treat PE as less important by not offering enough PE courses. It is also common for teachers in major subjects, such as Chinese, maths and English, to use class time set for PE for their own subjects.
(1) Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Most teenagers are unhealthy because they take less PE classes.
B．PE will be paid more attention than English in the future.
C．Tests of students' artistic abilities will be added to zhongkao in 2022.
D．The health condition of the ninth grade students is the best.
(2) What can we infer about the classes in the future from the passage
A．PE teachers will spend more time teaching running and jumping.
B．High school students will have at least five PE classes a week.
C．Primary school students will have more tests in art classes.
D．Some English classes will be changed into PE classes.
(3) What does the underlined word "emphasize" in the last paragraph mean
A．Stress. B．Spend. C．Test. D．Prefer.
(4) What is the passage mainly about
A．More attention should be paid to students' health.
B．Different regions treat differently on PE classes.
C．PE is more important than academic subjects.
D．Provinces will increase weight on PE scores on high school entrance exams.
答案
一、阅读理解题（共10题）
1.
(1) B
(2) A
(3) D
(4) C
(5) B
(1) 这是一篇记叙文。在家庭艰难的一年，作者的妈妈把自己的圣诞礼物给了作者，这让作者深思，她认为人应该多给予少索取。
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句（In years past, we had a lot of presents here and there, taking over the living room.）可知，往年圣诞节时，作者都收到很多礼物，家里到处都是礼物。故选 B。
(2) 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句（Tears filled my eyes and I thought in disbelief about how much my mum must love me to give up her Christmas present so I could have a few more presents.）可知，妈妈给作者礼物，是因为妈妈爱她。故选 A。
(3) 词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在这句话后面一句（In my world, where receiving outweighed giving, my mum's act of selflessness was incomprehensible.）可知，当时的作者认为得到比给予更重要，所以她不理解妈妈为什么那么做。故选 D，即对妈妈的做法感到惊讶。
(4) 推理判断题。根据文章中有关妈妈把自己的礼物给作者的故事可知，选项 C 符合语境。
(5) 写作目的题。通过文章中描述的妈妈对作者的无私付出可知，选项 B 最符合题意。
2.
(1) D
(2) A
(3) C
(4) A
(5) B
(1) 随着智能手机的普及，老师和家长越来越担心它对孩子的不良影响。
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话（But not even the students realized how much of a problem the smartphones were until Chavis did an in-class experiment.）可知，Chavis 在班里做过实验后，学生便开始意识到智能手机的问题了。
(2) 细节理解题。根据第三段这句话中的 close to（意为“接近”）可知，选 A。
(3) 词义猜测题。根据下一段第一句话中的 feel worried 可知，该词表示“担心，焦虑”。
(4) 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段可推知，A 项正确，即玩手机会睡眠不足，上课就容易犯困。
(5) 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是手机对孩子的影响，以及老师、家长等对这个问题的担忧。
3.
(1) D
(2) C
(3) B
(4) B
(1) 鲸落指鲸死去后沉入海底的现象。当鲸在海洋中死去，它的尸体最终会沉入海底，为海洋中其他生物提供食物和营养，生物学家赋予这个过程为鲸落。一只鲸的尸体可以供养一套生态循环系统长达百年。2020 年 4 月 2 日，中国科学家在南海首次发现一个约 3 米长的鲸落。
段落大意题。根据第二段可知，在这一段中，作者描述了鲸鱼死亡，沉入海底，为海洋中其他生物提供食物和营养。概括来说，这一段介绍了鲸落是如何发生的，故选 D。
(2) 判断正误题。根据第四段中的 The whale fall might be quite recent and needs long-term observation （观察），according to Xie Wei, a scientist who took part in the expedition. 可知，科学家们在南海发现的鲸落需要长期的观察，C 选项不符合文意，故选 C。
(3) 词义猜测题。A 项“投入”；B 项“变质”；C 项“跌倒”；D 项“动身，出发”。根据语境 The whale fall ecosystem can exist in the deep ocean because great pressure and cold temperatures there prevent body from decomposing too quickly. “鲸落生态系统能在深海存在，因为那里巨大的压力和低温阻止了尸体快速……”，结合常识可知，动物死去之后，尸体会很快变质、腐烂。因此可以猜测 decomposing 的意思与 B 选项 going bad 接近，故选 B。
(4) 细节理解题。根据最后一段 By studying the whale fall, scientists can better understand how marine （海洋的） ecosystems support life and how to protect biodiversity （生物多样性） resources in the deep sea. 可知，通过研究鲸落，科学家们能更好地了解海洋生态系统是如何养育生命以及如何保护深海里生物多样性。由此可知 a 和 c 符合文意，故选 B。
4.
(1) A
(2) D
(3) C
(4) B
(1) 本文主要介绍了 Donna 和男友分手后又因膝盖受伤而陷入悲伤无法自拔，终日以泪洗面。一天早上她接到电话得知她好朋友的弟弟丧生于车祸，闻此噩耗她立刻前去安慰好朋友并帮忙处理琐事，在此过程中她忘记了自己的不幸。事后她意识到她给予朋友的支持远大于她给予自己的支持，借此告诫大家要给予自己足够的支持。
词义猜测题。由文章第一段可知 Donna 和男友分手后又因膝盖受伤，陷入悲伤无法自拔，终日以泪洗面。从第二段开头可知一天早上她接到电话得知好朋友的弟弟丧生于车祸。再根据画线短语后文“got in the car, and drove to her friend's house to be there with her”可猜测她“控制住了自己悲伤的情绪，前去帮助朋友”，故选 A。
(2) 事件排序题。按事情发生的先后顺序排列：与男友分手，膝盖受伤躺在床上，好友玛丽的弟弟丧生于车祸，接到噩耗，陪伴玛丽，故选 D。
(3) 推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知 Donna 给予朋友的支持远大于她给予自己的支持，在她的支持下，朋友走出了黑暗时期。所以她意识到如果她能给予自己更多的支持，那么她就可以走出自己的黑暗时期。故选 C。
(4) 标题归纳题。文章开篇点题“We are almost often called upon to support others in friendship.”且下文围绕“支持”来展开。故选 B。
5.
(1) C
(2) D
(3) C
(4) A
(1) 本文是一篇议论文。文章依据“2018 年 10 月 25 日，佳士得拍卖行以 432500 美元的价格卖出了第一件人工智能创作的艺术品”这一事件为开端，对人工智能是否有创造力等问题进行了讨论。
词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Soon questions rang through the media: Is this art Who is the artist How about the owner Are machines now creative, too ”可知公众并不清楚什么是人工智能以及它能做什么，所以 confused 的意思是“困惑的”，故选 C。
(2) 段落大意题。本段主要讲述了人工智能作画的过程。根据第四段最后一句“AI did not produce the painting on its own at all.”可知人工智能并不是自己独立作画，故选 D。
(3) 推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“What interests the artists is to create works together: the way AI lets them go beyond their natural ability.”可知让艺术家们感兴趣的是他们可以和人工智能一起创造作品，人工智能可以让艺术家们超越他们本来的能力，从而提升了他们的绘画技能，故选 C。
(4) 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“In fact, the painting was just one of the countless artworks AI could produce.”可知拍卖的这幅画只是人工智能的无数艺术作品中的一个，故选 A。
6.
(1) D
(2) C
(3) C
(4) B
(1) 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过 John 的例子并结合一项研究发现童年时期帮助做家务的孩子长大后会更快乐、更成功。
推理判断题。根据第一段中的句子 He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. 可知，John 享受他的事业和婚姻。故选 D。
(2) 细节理解题。根据第三段中的句子 the researchers compared the men's mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores 可知，Vaillant 的团队是通过对比不同的得分获得他们的发现的。故选 C。
(3) 词义猜测题。根据第四段中的句子 The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp.（这些人童年时期做的事情和他们成人后是怎样的人之间的关联非常明显。）可知，sharp 的意思是“清楚的，明确的”。故选 C。
(4) 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的句子“One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one's work.”可知，情感健康对于美好的成年人生活来说是必要的。故选 B。
7.
(1) B
(2) B
(3) C
(4) B
(1) 这篇短文节选自《海底两万里》。“我”、Ned 和 Conseil 上了 Nemo 船长的潜水艇，欣赏了画廊，一起去森林打猎。文章着重刻画了 Nemo 船长这个人物，他智慧、勇敢，也有博爱之心。
事件排序题。根据短文第一段 After fighting against it, Conseil, Ned and I were thrown into the sea and stood on the monster. We thought it was a giant narwhal (独角鲸). In fact, it was a submarine. A few seconds later, eight men came out and pulled us into this room on the submarine. 可知，首先“我”、Conseil 和 Ned 与怪物作了一番斗争，然后我们被带到了潜水艇的一个房间。第三段“Captain Nemo showed me the art gallery with many paintings by famous artists and a museum that contained many thousands of wonderful shells, pearls and other treasures from the sea.”讲述了 Nemo 船长带我们看了一些很新奇的东西；第四段讲述了 Nemo 船长带我们出去打猎。正确的顺序应该是 b-d-c-a。
(2) 词义猜测题。画线词所在的句子 I had never seen such a good museum. "What a wonderful ship. It must have cost a fortune." "That's true!" he replied. 中的 cost 意为“花费”，结合语境可知，这艘潜水艇一定值很多钱。故可推测 fortune 与 money 的意思接近。
(3) 细节理解题。根据短文第四段 Captain Nemo didn't worry about them. When they put their hand on the rail, they all fell back and ran away. Captain Nemo had put electricity into the rail. Anybody who touched it would receive an electric shock. 可推知，野蛮人跟着我们到了船这里，当他们把手放在栏杆上时，他们都向后倒并逃跑了。原来 Nemo 船长把电连接到了栏杆上，触摸它的人都会受到电击。C 选项“因为 Nemo 船长有办法对付他们”符合文意。
(4) 推理判断题。根据第五段 Captain Nemo answered, "Something broke in the engine. A heavy piece of metal hit his head." "He is going to die soon," I said. "Nothing can save him," Tears filled Captain Nemo's eyes, and he asked me to leave. 可知，Nemo 船长的一个下属快要死了，他的眼里充满了泪水。由此可以看到 Nemo 船长非常关心他的船员。
8.
(1) B
(2) B
(3) A
(4) D
(1) 细节理解题。根据下文 Western areas of the lands on Earth cool down … Rain no longer falls on the planet's wettest places. 可知地球反转后气候会改变。故句子“Therefore, the weather is different.”可以放在第三段的空白处，故答案为 B。
(2) 词义猜测题。根据文中“Therefore, you can see rich green landscapes from Central Africa to the Middle East, which are mostly covered with deserts now.”可知，从中非到中东，可以看到丰富的绿色景观，现在大部分都是沙漠。由此可推知撒哈拉沙漠变成了绿洲，因此画线单词“oasis”的意思是“绿洲”，故答案为 B。
(3) 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 But a backward spin changes the ocean currents and winds. 可知，反向旋转会给地球带来洋流和风向的改变。故答案为 A。
(4) 推理判断题。文章主要讲的是每个人都知道地球从西向东转，那么如果颠倒了地球自转方向会发生什么呢？来自德国的科学家们做了这样一个假设的实验，他们颠倒了地球的自转方向，发现地球上的洋流、气候都发生了变化。这篇文章很可能是从一本“地理”杂志上摘取的。故答案为 D。
9.
(1) A
(2) C
(3) B
(4) D
(1) 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了网络欺凌的危害以及政府保护未成年人的相关举措。词义猜测题。根据画线词上文 For the anonymous (匿名的) environment in cyber space, the bullies don't have to face victims (受害者) in person, and victims often don't know who is hurting them. 可知网络欺凌的受害者无法看见谁在伤害他们。
(2) 推理判断题。C 项承上启下，These influences can be harmful 与上文讲述网络欺凌的各种影响呼应；victims whatever their ages 与下文提及未成年人更容易受伤呼应。
(3) 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，网络欺凌极易实施，且受害者无法看见谁在伤害他们，因此极易传播也极难控制。
(4) 段落大意题。通读第四段及第五段可知，第四、五段主要讲述了政府为保护未成年人免受网络欺凌而出台的相关举措。
10.
(1) C
(2) B
(3) A
(4) D
(1) 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了各省中考将提高学生的体育成绩，并增加艺术能力测试。
判断正误题。根据第三段中的“All provincial regions also should gradually add tests of students' artistic abilities to the high school entrance exams by 2022”可知 2022 年中考将增加对学生艺术能力的测试，故选 C。
(2) 推理判断题。根据第四段中的 …have encouraged primary and secondary schools to provide students with one PE class a day… 可知中学生未来一周至少会有五节体育课，故选 B。
(3) 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文 schools often treat PE as less important by not offering enough PE courses 可推知“emphasize”与“less important”意思相反，故选 A。
(4) 主旨大意题。结合文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了各省中考将提高学生体育成绩的比重，故选 D。