专题3：阅读理解（句意理解1）—2024-2025学年中考英语二轮复习题型篇(含答案)

专题3：阅读理解（句意理解1）
New rules and behavior standards (行为规范) for middle school students came out in March. ①Who are the most excellent students ②Middle schools use a new way to decide that. The best students won't only have good grades. They will also be kids who don't dye their hair, smoke or drink. The following are some of the new rules.
③_____
Have you ever copied others' work in an exam Don't do it again! That's not what an honest student should do. If you have played computer games for two hours in your room, don't tell your parents you have done your homework.
Do more at school.
④好学生热爱动物,关心他人。 April is Bird-Loving month in China. Is your school doing anything to celebrate it You should join! In that way, you can learn more about animals and learn to protect them. And when your classmates are in trouble, remember to give them a hand. You know a friend in need is a friend indeed.
Use the Internet carefully.
Try to ⑤_____ away from Web pages that are bad for you. Find good Web sites and use them for homework.
Be open to new ideas.
Have you ever thought that people could live on the moon Maybe you can discover a new planet someday. Don't look down on new ideas. ⑥You should welcome them, because new ideas make life better for everyone.
(1) 在横线上填写一词，使文中 ①、② 句合并为一句。
Middle schools use a new way to decide the most excellent students are.
(2) ( )选出文中 ③ 处的主题句。
A. Don't cheat in exams.
B. Never play computer games.
C. Tell the truth.
D. Do your homework!
(3) 将文中 ④ 翻译成英语。
______________________________________________
(4) 在文中 ⑤ 处填写一个单词，使句意完整、上下文通顺。
______________________________________________
(5) 将文中 ⑥ 处翻译成汉语。
______________________________________________
Would you like to improve yourself Would you like to be a better person Good news! Here we've got Some tips for you.
Tip 1 Be Kind
Remember to be kind to yourself. You can do simple things to take care of yourself, like getting enough sleep to make yourself energetic. If you don't do like that, you will not bring anything good to anyone else. When you decide to show more kindness to yourself and to others, life changes quickly in a better way.
Tip 2 Be Encouraging
It's amazing what a kind word or touch can do. When I was a kid, I went to a lot of schools. It always made me scared, and I was very nervous and unsure of myself. One time, a teacher touched my head and said, smiling, "Don't worry—you'll have a good time with us in this classroom." I still remember my teacher's words.
All of us may come across some trouble in our life, and a bit of encouragement can be remembered for years.
Tip 3
When my sister and I were kids, my mum didn't have a car and our school was a 30-minute walk. Our neighbour offered to drive us to school when she dropped her son off, and that saved my mother a lot of time. Giving help to others can bring you happiness.
When thinking about how to become a better person, remember that small changes are also important. But "be kind to yourself" comes first. As the old saying goes, "You can't pour from an empty cup." So in order to be a person who can give more love to this world, you have to fall in love with yourself first.
(1) The underlined word "It" in Tip 2 refers to (指的是) _____.
A．going to a lot of schools B．getting along with classmates
C．talking with a teacher D．staying in the classroom
(2) What can be the best title for Tip 3
A．Be Helpful B．Be Polite C．Be Outgoing D．Be Honest
(3) The underlined sentence "You can't pour from an empty cup." in the last paragraph means "_____".
A．To encourage others, smile to them often
B．To become a better person, start with small changes
C．To give more love to the world, be kind to yourself first
D．To make friends with neighbours, drive their kids to school
Christie's is well-known for selling expensive, one-of-a-kind things. However, its latest offering is exactly "out of this world". On April 30, 2020, the British auction house (拍卖行) announced that the fifth-largest chunk (块) of the Moon—a 29-pound (13.5-kilogram) rock named NWA 12691—was being offered for private sale for a "reasonable" $2.5 million!
"I've been lucky enough to deal with a few lunar meteorites (月球陨石) at Christie's over the years, but every time I see this specimen (标本) in the store, the sheer size of it bowls me over. Weighing over 13.5 kg, it is so much larger than anything else that has ever been offered before," James Hyslop, Christie's Head of Science & Natural History said. "The experience of holding a piece of another world in your hands is something you never forget."
In case you are wondering, the specimen is not from the 842 pounds of moon rocks NASA astronauts brought back during the six Apollo missions. Those belong to the US government and are safe in a storeroom at the Johnson Space Centre in Houston, Texas. Instead, NWA 12691 is one of the 30 lunar meteorites that landed on Earth, hundreds or thousands of years ago, when a planet hit the Moon and caused chunks of its surface to break off.
Researchers were able to find out the rocks' origins (来源) by examining their mineral and chemistry. For example, many of the common minerals found on Earth are rare or absent on the Moon, while some lunar minerals are not found on Earth.
NWA 12691, which is bigger than any single piece brought back by NASA astronauts, was found in 2018 in the area around the Western Saharan, Algerian, and Mauritanian borders. After being listed as lunar rock, it was bought for a secret price by Dr. Lawrence Stifler, a private collector who owns at least five other lunar chunks, including the largest one, which weighs 128 pounds (58 kilograms)!
(1) What does James mean by saying "the sheer size of it bowls me over" in Paragraph 2
A．James is surprised at the big size of the chunk.
B．The specimen is too heavy for James to carry.
C．NWA 12691 is the biggest lunar meteorite James has ever seen.
D．James thinks holding the specimen is like touching the Moon.
(2) What is the true fact about NWA 12691 mentioned
A．Someone bought it for $2.5 million.
B．People were not surprised at its auction price.
C．It was the largest one brought back by NASA astronauts.
D．It was produced by the hit between the Moon and another planet.
(3) What may be the best title for the passage
A．Special Things Selling in Christie's
B．How Much Is the Chunk of the Moon
C．A Big Chunk of the Moon Just Came Up for Sale
D．The Big Size and Expensive Price of Lunar Meteorites
(4) In which part of a newspaper can you most probably find this passage
A．Entertainment and Economics. B．Space and Science.
C．Culture and Custom. D．Sports and Games.
Honesty is a good thing, but does Mother Nature agree Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways
Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees(黑猩猩), behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why Dishonesty often helps them survive.
Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends (假装) to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator (猎食动物) gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.
Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, hides its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others hide their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know that a thief is watching them. So they go back later, dig the food, and hide it again somewhere else.
Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.
Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.
As children, many of us learn the saying "You can't fool Mother Nature ." But maybe you can't trust her, either.
(1) A plover protects its young from a predator by _____.
A．getting closer to its young B．driving away the adult predator
C．leaving its young in another nest D．pretending to be hurt
(2) By "Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky.", the writer means _____.
A．chimps are ready to attack others
B．chimps are sometimes dishonest
C．chimps envy the winners of the fight
D．chimps can also be selfish
(3) Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．All the animals survive by fooling other animals.
B．Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.
C．Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.
D．The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.
(4) Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A．Do animals lie
B．Does Mother Nature fool animals
C．How do animals learn to lie
D．How does honesty help animals survive
There are moments in our lives when we're just left in awe (敬畏). For me, these moments include when I found out that Jupiter is 121.9 times bigger than the Earth, and that Qomolangma,the Earth's highest mountain—if thrown into the ocean upside down—wouldn't be large enough to fill the Mariana Trench (马里亚纳海沟), the deepest place on the Earth.
But none of these moments compares to this one: when scientists revealed (公布) the first-ever picture of a black hole on April 10, 2019.
What you see in the picture might be only an orange ring—a blurry (模糊的) bit of orange ring even—but it is in fact a black hole and is 55 million light—years from the Earth. And it's bigger than anything we know of. The Sun doesn't even begin to compare with it. Its mass (质量) is 6.5 billion times that of our star.
It got me wondering: How many more black holes are there What lies another 100 million, or 1,000 million, light-years away And what does the size of the universe mean to us—tiny beings on a tiny planet
But don't get me wrong. The news isn't supposed to be discouraging at all. After all, it is in contrast (对比) to the size of the universe that human beings can see how much they've achieved.
Just think about it: we're flesh-and-blood creatures, and yet we managed to extend (延伸) our sight by building telescopes that "see" millions of light-years away. These telescopes are located in eight places around the world, and scientists from 20 countries worked together for two years to process all the data before finally bringing the image to us.
It's true that we tend to feel awe in the face of forces that are much bigger than us. But perhaps we should hold ourselves in awe as well, for all that we tiny human beings have learned about the universe.
(1) What awed the writer most was the moment when _____.
A．he knew that Jupiter is 121.9 times bigger than the Earth
B．he knew Qomolangma is the highest mountain on the Earth
C．he found out the Mariana Trench is the deepest place on the Earth
D．the first-ever picture of a black hole was revealed in 2019
(2) What do we know about the black hole according to the passage
A．It is the biggest black hole in the universe.
B．Its mass is 6.5 billion times that of the Sun.
C．It's an orange ring which looks a bit blurry.
D．It's 55 million light-years away from the Sun.
(3) According to the passage, the writer _____.
A．is curious about the black hole in the universe
B．wants to live on a bigger planet in the universe
C．thinks humans aren't able to explore outer space
D．is sure there are more black holes in the universe
(4) What does the writer mean by saying "The news isn't supposed to be discouraging at all."
A．The writer is proud of human beings though we're tiny.
B．Human beings are too tiny to gain large achievements.
C．Man can learn more about the universe through telescopes.
D．Human beings have learned a lot about the black hole.
Men have always wondered about the earth they live on and the ①_____ above them.
When early men looked at the night sky, they asked themselves a lot of questions. They looked at the moon, and wondered what this strange bright object in the sky was. They did not understand why it changed its shape from night to night. They looked at the stars and planets. They also wondered why some of them changed their positions, while others did not.
②他们也思考地球的形状。 Most early people believed the earth was flat.
③In different parts of the world, there were different ideas about the universe. The ancient Greeks were the first people to study the universe more scientifically. In the sixth century BC Pythagoras put forward the idea that the world was round. However, he could not explain why people at the bottom of the world did not fall off.
It was not until the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries that scientists found the answers to some important questions. ④With the help of Galileo's telescope, people could see the sky more clearly, and find the positions of the stars and planets. Finally in 1665, Isaac Newton explained to the world what gravity (重力) was and people at last understood why they did not fall off the earth.
(1) 在文中①处填写一个单词，使得句意完整、上下文通顺。
(2) What questions did early men ask themselves when they looked at the night sky Write down one of them.
(3) 将文中②句翻译成英语。
(4) 将文中③句翻译成汉语。
(5) 写出文中④句的同义句，每空限填一词。
Galileo's telescope made for people to see the sky more clearly, and to find the positions of the stars and planets.
The winter's first snow made most kids happy, but not for Tom. After school he came home with an unhappy look on his face, "Tom，it's snowing," said his mother, "I know," Tom replied. "Tomorrow is Saturday, and there will be ①n to do."
Tom loved to be outside during summer. He loved swimming, hiking, and riding his bike. ②W the winter's first snow came, Tom was always sad. He couldn't swim, hike, or ride his bike.
Tom's mother knew he was unhappy. ③她尽力用曲奇饼使他感觉好点儿。It only took him a few minutes to eat them up, and then his unhappy face returned.
The next morning their doorbell rang—it was Penny, their neighbor. ④She asked Tom to go outside to make a snowman with her. Tom wrinkled (皱起) his nose, "Yes, yes, Tom would like to go," his mother said and sent him out with Penny.
Penny and Tom made a very large snowman. Then Penny took out two pairs of snowshoes. They put on the snowshoes and went for a walk through the trees behind the house. At last, they met some friends and went sledding (滑雪橇) together.
When Tom came home for lunch, his unhappy face was gone.
(1) 根据首字母提示，在①②处填写恰当的单词，使句子完整。
①n ②W
(2) 将文中画线句子③翻译成英语。
(3) 将文中画线句子④翻译成汉语。
(4) what day was it "today"
(5) How did Tom feel at last
I live with my grandmother in a Beijing yard house. One day last year, I was surprised to see a foreigner coming out of the house next door to ours. He was very tall with brown hair and a pair of glasses.
The first time I saw him, I was too shy to speak to him, "My English is too bad!" I thought. ①我的祖母告诉我说他刚搬进我们的院内。"I don't like him," she said. "Foreigners aren't like us. Maybe he'll play loud music and have parties every night! I'm sure he's going to cause trouble."
Several days later, I met the foreigner as I was walking home after work. "Hello!" he said, "My name is Tony. I've just moved into the house next door to yours." While I was wondering what to say, he continued, "There's a nice bar down the road. Why don't you and your family come to the bar and have dinner with me " "Bars are bad places." said my grandmother when I told her, but we decided to go.
②The bar was not at all what I had expected. It was in a beautiful little yard house, with several large bookshelves and pictures of Tibet on the walls. Several Chinese people and foreigners were sitting drinking or reading books. I noticed that some of the foreigners were speaking Chinese in a low voice to each other. "Oh, what a civilized (文明的) place!" said my grandmother.
The bar served special "hutong pizzas". As we ate, Tony told us about himself—he is an expert (专家) in environment. He always likes to be quiet. My grandmother said to me, "He really seems like a very nice young man." Yes, Tony is my new neighbor, a nice foreigner.
(1) 将①句译成英文。
(2) 将②句译成中文。
(3) 从文中找出与下列句子意思相近的句子：
When I didn't know what I should say, he added, "..."
(4) What does the foreigner look like
(5) 用文中词汇概括短文主题。
Montgomery County Youth Service Workshop (研讨会) of Anger (愤怒) Control 2:00 p.m.-5:00 p.m. Tuesday, March 2nd, 2021 or Tuesday, April 20th, 2021 Conference Room D, United Way Service Center, 1600 Lake Street $8 each person. Parents must come to get a permission form (许可证) the day before. For more information, please get in touch with MCYS at 292-6471.
Anger Management 101 Workshop at LAMP 6:30 p.m.-8:30 p.m. each Wednesday starting from January 6th, 2021 For parents with kids aged 3-7 who have trouble controlling their anger. Learn about how to help your kids manage anger. Get support about raising happy kids. A light dinner is provided. $10 each. Please call 416-252-6471 for more information.
LAMP Health Center Thursday Workshop Do you get angry when your kids make their rooms in a mess again Do you get angry when your husband doesn't help with the housework Here you can know what "normal" anger is, learn useful anger management skills and how to deal with anger in a healthy way. Free! Women's Health Center, 259 Derby Street 10:00 a.m.-1:00 p.m. each Wednesday from 14th April to 26th May in 2021
(1) Workshop of Anger Control will be held _____.
A．once B．twice C．three times D．four times
(2) You can do all the following in Workshop at LAMP EXCEPT _____.
A．to learn about raising happy kids
B．to have a light dinner
C．to know more about children medical care
D．to learn useful anger management skills
(3) Thursday Workshop is mainly for _____.
A．unhappy and bored husbands B．angry and tired wives or mothers
C．nervous and unhappy teenagers D．worried and nervous parents
(4) If you want to join a free workshop, you should go to _____.
A．101 Center B．Youth Service Center
C．United Way Service Center D．Women's Health Center
(5) The workshops deal with _____.
A．family problems B．study problems
C．anger problems D．childcare problems
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。
Every car buyer will choose the colour he likes best. Why does he choose this colour instead of another one That is decided by a lot of factors such as his age, his family's future plan, the car's size and even the cultural and local influences. Yet one colour— silver (银色)— has stood up to the time.
That's why you can see so many silver cars running in streets, and it continues to be the colour that is used in almost every car factory. A recent study shows that silver, though losing market share (份额), is still the first colour of choice in America, Europe and Asia.
Silver is also very popular in some sports cars. Even if silver isn't the first choice, it's probably the second. Why is silver so popular Maybe the colour represents modern life. Also, silver can make cars look wonderful in shape. With dark colours, it's difficult to see the shape. White doesn't do it either.
It's also practical. Silver, like a lot of light colours, hides dirt.
Grey, blue, white, white pearl (珍珠白), black and red are the other colours most preferred by car buyers in the market. The study also shows that car producers have discovered new colours that have become popular among car buyers, such as the new, dark blue or warm, light brown.
Car colours now have such a great effect that they even influence other markets' colour choices such as clothing and furniture markets.
(1) It seems that _____ decides what colour he will choose.
A．a car buyer's age B．a car buyer's culture
C．a car buyer's family plan D．all of the above
(2) What does the underlined phrase "stood up to the time" mean
A．机不可失，时不再来。 B．一寸光阴一寸金。
C．经受得住时间的考验。 D．失去的时间不可复得。
(3) What can we know from paragraph two
A．Silver has little market share.
B．Silver is losing some market share.
C．Silver keeps unchanged in market share.
D．Silver is getting more and more market share.
(4) _____ are the other colours most preferred by car buyers.
A．Green, red and white B．Grey, red and violet
C．Grey, black and pink D．Grey, blue and white pearl
(5) Which sentence is NOT true according to the passage
A．Silver can make cars look wonderful in shape.
B．People in America and Africa are fond of silver best.
C．Though losing some market share, silver is still very popular.
D．Car colours even have an effect on the clothing market.
答案
一、阅读理解题（共10题）
1.
(1) who
(2) C
(3) Good students love animals and care about others.
(4) stay/ keep/ be
(5) 你（们）应该欢迎新的想法，因为它们使每个人的生活变得更加美好。
2.
(1) A
(2) A
(3) C
(1) 本文是一篇说明文。怎样提高自己？如何成为更优秀的人？作者就此给出了三条建议。本文指出尤为重要的是要善待自己。
代词指代题。It 指代前面的“went to a lot of schools”，A 项符合语境。故选 A。
(2) 推理判断题。根据 Tip 3 下的内容可知，本段主要讲的是作者的邻居帮忙送作者和姐姐上学，从而为他们的母亲节省了许多时间，对此他明白了乐于助人能使人快乐的道理。故选 A。
(3) 句意理解题。你无法从空杯子里倒出水来。根据最后一段最后一句 So in order to be a person who can give more love to this world, you have to fall in love with yourself first. 可知，要想成为一个能给这个世界更多爱的人，你必须先爱上你自己。结合选项可知，C 项“要想给予这个世界更多的爱，首先要善待自己”与画线句意思相近，故选 C。
3.
(1) A
(2) D
(3) C
(4) B
(1) 本文是一篇说明文。
句意猜测题。根据下文 Weighing over 13.5 kg, it is so much larger than anything else that has ever been offered before 可知 James 对月球陨石的巨大尺寸表示惊讶。
(2) 细节理解题。根据第三段中 NWA 12691…when a planet hit the Moon and caused chunks of its surface to break off 可知 NWA 12691 是由于行星与月球的撞击形成的。
(3) 标题归纳题。结合文章内容可知，本文主要讲述的是月球陨石 NWA 12691 的非公开拍卖。
(4) 文章出处题。根据文章对月球陨石的描写，可知太空与科学板块极有可能出现此类文章。
4.
(1) D
(2) B
(3) C
(4) A
5.
(1) D
(2) B
(3) A
(4) A
6.
(1) sky
(2) They asked what this strange bright object (the moon) in the sky was./ They asked why the strange object (the moon) changed its shape from night to night./ They asked why some of the stars and planets changed their positions, while others did not.
(3) They also thought about the shape of the earth.
(4) 世界的不同地方存在着对宇宙的不同想法。
(5) it; possible
7.
(1) ①nothing/ othing; ②When/ hen
(2) She tried to make him feel better by cookies.
(3) 她叫汤姆和她一起去外面堆雪人。
(4) It's Friday.
(5) He felt happy.
8.
(1) My grandmother told me that he had just moved into our yard.
(2) 酒吧根本不是我所想象的那样。
(3) While I was wondering what to say, he continued, "..."
(4) He is very tall with brown hair and a pair of glasses.
(5) My new neighbor, a nice foreigner.
9.
(1) B
(2) C
(3) B
(4) D
(5) C
10.
(1) D
(2) C
(3) B
(4) D
(5) B
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：That is decided by a lot of factors such as his age, his family's future plan, the car's size and even the cultural and local influences. 那是由很多因素决定的，比如他的年龄，他的家庭的未来计划，汽车的大小，甚至文化和当地的影响。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) 此题是词义猜测题。答案出处：That's why you can see so many silver cars running in streets, and it continues to be the colour that is used in almost every car factory. 这就是为什么你可以看到这么多的银色汽车在街道上行驶，银色仍然是几乎每个汽车制造工厂都会使用的颜色。stand up to 经得住，敢于面对。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：A recent study shows that silver, though losing market share (份额), is still the first colour of choice in America, Europe and Asia.进来一个研究显示那种银色，尽管失去了市场的份额，在美国，欧洲和亚洲依然是首选的颜色。
因此，正确答案是B。
(4) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Grey, blue, white and white pearl (珍珠白), black and red are the other colours most preferred by car buyers in the market. 灰白色，蓝色，白色和珍珠白黑色和红色在市场上都是小车购买者最喜欢的其它颜色。
因此，正确答案是D。
(5) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：A recent study shows that silver, though losing market share (份额), is still the first colour of choice in America, Europe and Asia.进来一个研究显示那种银色，尽管失去了市场的份额，在美国，欧洲和亚洲依然是首选的颜色。
因此，正确答案是B。