专题4：阅读理解（推理判断2）—2024-2025学年中考英语二轮复习题型篇(含答案)

专题4：阅读理解（推理判断2）
1. While you might have thought preferring (偏好) chocolate to vanilla was all about your taste, it turns out that your ice cream choosing may have more to do with your personality. According to a new study, your favourite ice cream taste can tell all kinds of things, from the age when you'll find love to your taste in movies.
In the study, which was conducted for ice cream company Breyers by OnePoll, 2,000 Americans were divided into three parts, by whether they prefer chocolate, vanilla, or strawberry ice cream. The study found that fans of strawberry ice cream tend to find love at the youngest age, at the age of 24. This was followed by vanilla fans, who fall in love around the age of 25, and chocolate fans, who tend to find love at the age of 26.
The study also found that strawberry ice cream lovers are more likely to listen to jazz and enjoy science fiction movies. They also tend to enjoy washing clothes. Vanilla fans, on the other hand, don't like washing clothes—although they're happy to wash the dishes. They also tend to stay up late, love dogs, and are introverts (内向的人). Vanilla ice cream eaters are quite different from those who prefer chocolate. Chocolate ice cream lovers are more likely to be extroverts (外向的人). They also love watching romantic films and prefer to listen to pop and rock music.
According to a study conducted by Baskin-Robbins and Juliet A. Boghossian, those who like ice cream cones (蛋筒) "are people who lead with their heart." Sugar cone eaters "are funny and enjoy the life of the party", while those who prefer waffle cones to holding their spoons of ice cream "tend to be the host of the party, and are usually caregivers" Meanwhile, people who prefer to eat their ice cream out of a bowl or a cup "are rational (理性的) thinkers". Those who prefer their ice cream without the cone also "are dependable, family-centred and hard-working".
(1) People who prefer eating _____ are more likely to get along well with others quickly.
A．ice cream out of a bowl
B．strawberry waffle cones
C．chocolate ice cream cones
D．vanilla ice cream without the cone
(2) Which of the following can be best put at the beginning of Paragraph 4
A．The way you eat ice cream can tell something about your personality.
B．How you eat your ice cream decides how you get along with others.
C．Your taste of ice cream can show what kind of person you are.
D．Different people have different ways to eat their ice cream.
(3) According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE
A．Strawberry ice cream lovers may get married at a very young age.
B．People who prefer waffle cones are good at taking care of others.
C．People who prefer vanilla ice cream hate doing housework at home.
D．Sugar cone eaters always work hard to make money for their families.
(4) What is the best title for the passage
A．People Have Different Tastes and Eating Ways of Ice Cream
B．Ice Cream Has Something to Do with Your Personality
C．How You Choose Ice Cream Decides Your Hobby
D．What Your Favourite Ice Cream Taste Says About You
2. Why is pink or purple a colour for girls and blue or brown for boys
The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green is a colour that represents the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China, children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in Chinese New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evil (邪恶).
People's choice of colours is also influenced by their bodies' reactions (反应) toward them. Green is said to be the most restful colour. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People who work in a green environment have been found to have fewer stomachaches.
Red can cause a person's blood pressure to rise and increase people's appetite (食欲). Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red "Buy Now" button because red is a colour that easily catches a person's eye.
Blue is another calming colour. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.
The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what colour to decorate your room, think about the colour carefully.
(1) Muslims regard green as a symbol of heaven mainly because of their _____.
A．cultural values B．commercial purposes
C．personal experiences D．physical reactions to the colour
(2) Why will many commercial websites have a red "Buy Now" button
A．To relax people physically.
B．To increase people's appetite.
C．To encourage people to make a purchase.
D．To cause a person's blood pressure to rise.
(3) What colour might help lose weight according to the text
A．Red. B．Green. C．Blue. D．Purple.
(4) Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text
A．Colours and Human Beings
B．The Cultural Meaning of Colours
C．Colours and Personal Experiences
D．The Meaning and Function of Colours
3. We are almost often called upon to support others in friendship. Several years ago, Donna were feeling very depressed (沮丧的). She had just broken up with her boyfriend of two years, and she was having a very difficult time accepting the loss. She had been laid up with a knee injury (伤) for several days, and the time alone at home certainly was not helping. Her sadness was only increased by her being discouraged at herself for not being able to cheer up and stop crying all the time.
Early one morning Donna received a phone call with some terrible news: Her best friend's brother had been killed in a car accident. Donna had known this friend, Mary, and her brother nearly all her life, and the news was really surprising. However, Donna quickly pulled herself together, got in the car, and drove to her friend's house to be there with her.
Over the course of the next few days, when attending the funeral (葬礼) and receiving the hundreds of visitors, Donna was 100 percent present for Mary. She held her close while she cried her endless tears, sat by her side as the waves of sadness washed over her friend, and slept on the floor next to Mary's bed to make sure she did not wake up alone in the middle of the night. During that time she felt rarely any pain in her knee at all and none of the depression she had been experiencing.
Several weeks later, when life began to return to normal, Donna realized that the level of support she had given Mary had been far greater than any support she had offered herself during her dark time. She was able to use the support she had given her friend as a mirror for the support she had been holding back from herself. She realized that her own tears required as much care and attention from her as anyone else's, and that if she could give it to another, she must be able to give it to herself, too.
(1) The underlined part "pulled herself together" in Paragraph 2 probably means "_____".
A．controlled herself B．dressed herself up
C．gave herself up D．helped herself
(2) Which of the following orders best describes what happened to Donna
a. Mary telephoned Donna.
b. Donna broke up with her boyfriend.
c. Mary's brother died in a car accident.
d. Donna lay in bed with a knee injury.
e. Donna came to stay with Mary.
A．c-a-b-d-e B．b-d-a-c-e C．d-b-c-a-e D．b-d-c-a-e
(3) From the last paragraph, we can infer (推断) that _____.
A．with Donna's help, life began to return to normal
B．Mary had given Donna much greater support than she had given herself
C．Donna could get out of her dark time by supporting herself more
D．Donna paid much attention to herself and showed lots of care for herself during her dark time
(4) What is the most suitable title for this passage
A．Friendship B．Support C．Accident D．Experience
4. We often reach a point in our life when we should be ready for change that will help us unlock our self-improvement power. However, there's always something staring at us right under our nose but we don't see it. The only time we think of unlocking our self-improvement power is when everything gets worst.
When do we realize that we need to change diets When none of our shirts and jeans would fit us. When do we stop eating candies and chocolates When all of our teeth have fallen off. When do we realize that we need to stop smoking When our lungs have gone bad. We see the warning signs and signals when things get rough and difficult.
The only time most of us ever learn about unlocking our self-improvement power is when the whole world is falling apart. We think and feel this way because it is not easy to change, but change becomes more painful when we ignore (忽视) it.
Change will happen, like it or hate it. At one point or another, we are all going to finally unlock our self-improvement power not because the world says so, but because we realize it’s for our own good.
Happy people don’t just accept change; they embrace (拥抱) it. Unlocking our self-improvement power means unlocking ourselves out of the box of thought that is just the way we are. It is such a poor excuse for people who fear change.
Jane always tells everyone that she doesn’t have the courage to be around groups of people. She heard her family tell the same things about her to other people. Over the years, that is what Jane has believed. Every time a great crowd come, she steps back and locks herself up in a room. Jane not only believes in her story, but lives it!
Self-improvement may not be everybody's favorite word, but if we look at things in a different way, we might have greater chances of enjoying the whole process instead of counting the days until we are fully improved. Three sessions in a week at the gym would result in a healthier life. Reading books every day would build up knowledge. And only when we are enjoying the whole process of unlocking our self-improvement power will we realize that we’re beginning to take things light and become happy.
(1) The writer mentions the three questions in Paragraph 2 to show that _____.
A．we learn our lessons when we experience pain
B．we are responsible for the problems we meet
C．life fails us when we get into the wrong way
D．life is a long journey full of ups and downs
(2) What is the key to solving Jane's problem
A．She needs to remember why she started.
B．She has to know how to get on with people.
C．She has to realize she is not what she is in her story.
D．She needs to understand the importance of confidence.
(3) The writer probably agrees that _____.
A．the world tells us how to improve ourselves
B．people change when they find it easy to do that
C．welcoming change in life is a drive to become better
D．enjoying the process of self-improvement makes life simpler
(4) Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Is it important to take things light
B．Is it necessary to embrace challenges
C．To hold on to the last moment or to give up
D．To free ourselves out of the box or to stay in it
5. On October 25th, 2018, Christie's (佳士得拍卖行) had a very unusual sale. It sold the first piece of artwork created by artificial intelligence for $432,500.
The painting was created by an AI program written by Obvious, an AI research studio in Paris. Soon questions rang through the media: Is this art Who is the artist How about the owner Are machines now creative, too
All good questions—but too early. The technology is far from advanced (高级的), as Obvious suggested, because the public is completely confused about what AI is, and what it is able to do.
In fact, the painting was just one of the countless artworks AI could produce. It was the team behind Obvious that chose this one. The team first programmed the AI, and then they chose 15,000 paintings to train the software (软件). Connecting the painting with the algorithm (计算程序) was just a clever marketing tool. AI did not produce the painting on its own at all.
Lots of artists are using the same software as Obvious, but none of them is worried about losing jobs because of AI. As they build the machine themselves and work with it every day, they know how limited it is. What interests the artists is to create works together: the way AI lets them go beyond their natural ability.
Artists also laugh at the idea that AI is creative. It certainly creates things, sometimes in new and successful ways, but it does so without a purpose. It is the artist who shapes its output. "You make a fire and it produces interesting shapes, but in the end the fire is not creative. AI is a glorified (被美化的) campfire," said one of the pioneers of using AI in art.
(1) The underlined word "confused" in Paragraph 3 probably means "_____".
A．easy to understand B．angry
C．unable to think clearly D．certain
(2) Paragraph 4 mainly talks about _____.
A．what the painting was created for
B．how AI learned to paint
C．why the painting was connected with the algorithm
D．why the painting was not created by AI alone
(3) According to the article, the AI technology makes artists able to _____.
A．paint on the computers B．come up with new ideas
C．improve their painting skills D．save time and money
(4) We can learn from the article that the AI technology _____.
A．can produce countless artworks B．requires no programming
C．can think for itself D．makes artists lose jobs
6. Other kids felt sorry for John when he was growing up. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier, far happier.
These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. "Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society," said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. "And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them."
Vaillant's study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men's mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.
The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family's social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.
Working—at any age—is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence—the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn't everything. As Tolstoy once said, "One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one's work."
(1) What do we know about John
A．He was envied by others in his childhood.
B．He had few childhood playmates.
C．He received little love from his family.
D．He enjoyed his career and marriage.
(2) Vaillant's team obtained their findings by _____.
A．recording the boys' effort in school
B．evaluating the men's mental health
C．comparing different sets of scores
D．measuring the men's problem-solving ability
(3) What does the underlined word "sharp" in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Quick to react. B．Having a thin edge.
C．Clear and definite. D．Sudden and rapid.
(4) What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Competent adults know more about love than work.
B．Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.
C．Love brings more joy to people than work does.
D．Independence is the key to one's success.
7.Fairy tale (童话) fiction or not
One hot debate topic from I Can I Bibi (《奇葩说》) has become popular on Weibo: Should parents tell their children that fairy tales are fake (假的) Some people think we shouldn't. Fairy tales give kids hope and teach life lessons. But others think that children need the ability to distinguish (区分) real from fake, and this role is best played by their parents. What's your opinion
YES
Hu Enqi, 16
There is no doubt that the world of fairy tales is beautiful, but the real world is cruel (残酷的). If children are always deep in fairy tales, they might not adjust (调节) themselves to society. That's why there are so many "giant babies" in society. It is parents' duty to tell children that beauty and darkness are coexistent (共存的). They need to be stronger to adapt to (适应) society.
Li Ziyi, 16
It's important to tell kids the wisdom in fairy tales, not whether they're fake or not. If I'm a parent, I will tell my kids: "Dear, the Queen's poisoned apple is fake, but in our daily lives, fake apples may be many other seductions (诱惑) that you need to be careful of." Fairy tales can never solve all problems. After all, dangers are always present in both fairy tales and reality (现实).
NO
Yuan Siyi, 16
Not every fairy tale is fake—they're from our lives. The essence (本质) of fairy tales is to teach children the most basic truths based on the real world. The content of fairy tales is not meaningless. Parents could look on them as partners to children when they grow up. Children will understand the truth step by step.
Hu Pei, 16
As a kid bathed in fairy tales, I don't want to be told that they are fake. Fairy tales get kids to read, help shape their world outlook, encourage their imaginations and give them entertainment. Even if parents tell the kids the cruel reality, they may miss the point. Instead, they may be filled with fear of the future and the world, which is not our purpose.
(1) According to the passage, "the giant babies" are _____.
A．those babies who can't grow up
B．those babies who are big in shape
C．those adults who can adapt to society well
D．those adults who can't distinguish real from fake
(2) According to Li Ziyi, _____.
A．we shouldn't tell children fairy tales are fake
B．some fairy tales have wisdom while others don't
C．there are many dangers in different shapes in reality
D．"poisoned apples" needn't be afraid of because they are fake
(3) From the passage, we can know _____.
A．in fairy tales everything is beautiful and good
B．some people think fairy tales can give kids hope and teach life lessons
C．fairy tales have nothing to do with the real world
D．fairy tales mainly need to tell kids cruelty of reality
8. Pippi Longstocking, the 9-year-old red-haired hero of children's books, turned 75 yesterday. The first Pippi Longstocking book, written by Swedish author Astrid Lindgren, was published (出版) in 1945.
Pippi Longstocking first came to life in 1941, when Ms. Lindgren's daughter, Karin, was sick in bed for a long time. Ms. Lindgren reports that Karin suddenly said to her, "Tell me about Pippi Longstocking." The stories Ms. Lindgren made up were about a wild, but good-hearted yomsung girl who lived by herself in a house called Villa Villekulla. The girl lived with her horse and her monkey. She was always surprising her neighbour friends with her crazy adventures (冒险).
But it wasn't until three years later that Ms. Lindgren began to write down the stories she had told her daughter. When she finished her book, she sent it to a well-known publisher, but the book was turned down. Ms. Lindgren kept working on the book. In 1945, Ms. Lindgren entered her book in a competition being held by a different publisher. Pippi Longstocking won the first prize, and the book came out in November.
Pippi Longstocking was quickly a hit with young readers, who laughed at her jokes, and admired her bravery and her willingness to stand up for what was right. But the book was less popular with some adults, who felt like Pippi set a bad example. Pippi didn't go to school; she lived by herself, and only followed the rules she wanted to follow. But with time, Pippi's good heart won over readers of all ages.
Pippi also helped change people's ideas about what girls could do. She was one of the first characters in a children's book to show a girl as a strong, fearless person who didn't constantly need the help of boys.
Ms. Lindgren wrote many other books, including over 30 books for children. In all, she has sold over 165 million books. But Pippi Longstocking remains her most famous character. The three Pippi Longstocking books have been translated into over 75 languages, and have been made into several movies and TV shows.
So why is Pippi's birthday celebrated on May 21 May 21 is the birthday of Ms. Lindgren's daughter Karin, who first requested the stories all those years ago.
(1) Readers of all ages love Pippi for the reasons including _____.
A．Pippi never does wrong things
B．Pippi always plays jokes on others
C．Pippi is brave and kind-hearted
D．Pippi loves going to school
(2) Put the following sentences in the right order according to the passage.
a. Pippi Longstocking won first prize in a competition in 1945.
b. Karin asked her mother to tell her something about Pippi Longstocking.
c. Readers of all ages are interested in the stories of Pippi Longstocking.
d. Ms. Lindgren finished Pippi Longstocking's stories she told her daughter.
A．b—d—a—c B．b—a—d—c C．d—a—c—b D．d—a—b—c
(3) What can we infer from the passage
A．Pippi Longstocking soon won the heart of adults when it first came out.
B．Ms. Lindgren's daughter and Pippi Longstocking have something in common.
C．Ms. Lindgren is a famous writer who only writes books for children.
D．People all over the world can read Pippi Longstocking in their own language.
(4) What is the best title for the passage
A．Karin Gave Birth to Pippi Longstocking
B．Ms. Lindgren and Her Famous Books
C．Children's Books for All Readers
D．Pippi Longstocking Turns 75
9. Rock art is the name given to pictures drawn on rock by ancient peoples. In the American Southwest, rock art can be seen on the walls of caves and mountains. Many of these places are in the Four Corners area, where the states of Arizona, Colorado, Utah, and New Mexico meet. More than 7,000 rock art places have been found just in Utah, where the area's dry climate (气候) has helped keep the art.
There are three forms of rock art. The first is petroglyphs, which are pictures carved (雕刻) into the surface of rock. A sharp (尖的) stone may have been used as a carving tool. A heavy stone may have been used to hit the sharp stone into the surface. The second form of rock art is pictographs, which are pictures painted on rock. The paint was made from plants and trees. The artists painted with fingers, brushes made of hair, or bird bones. The third kind of rock art is geoglyphs, which are designs made on the ground by taking away stones.
Some rock art shows faces, hands, animals, and trees. Other pictures are symbols such as lines, circles, and squares. Some scientists think these symbols marked the location of water or good hunting grounds. Some think the symbols were put there during special celebrations. Others think the symbols showed the movement of planets and stars. Still others believe that they are just doodles.
Some rock art may be a form of writing. Large scenes are shown on mountains. Some scenes seem to tell a story. A hunting scene may include animals and people with hunting tools. A scene with many people holding hands could mean friendship. Rock art in caves may have been a way to decorate the artist's home.
Some rock art in the Southwest is about 200 years old. Other rock art may be 10,000 years old. Scientists think an ancient people called the Anasazi created the older works. They were farmers and lived in caves.
(1) The writer mainly wants _____.
A．to introduce an ancient art form
B．to describe pictures drawn on rock
C．to tell the history of a certain area
D．to solve the mystery of old symbols
(2) According to the passage, what are "doodles" probably like
A．They are carelessly written or drawn.
B．They show different symbols.
C．They are carefully chosen or designed.
D．They have special meanings.
(3) What can we learn about rock art
A．The artists were usually farmers and lived in caves.
B．It requires special paint made from plants and trees.
C．Most of it describes the daily life of ancient peoples.
D．Utah has the largest collection of it in the Southwest.
(4) What can we infer (推断) from the passage
A．Petroglyphs are the easiest to be washed away by rain.
B．Artists of modern times can copy rock art rather easily.
C．The works created by the Anasazi must be pictographs.
D．Places like rainforests are not ideal for keeping rock art.
10. Everybody knows that the Earth spins from west to east. That is to say, it appears to be turning counterclockwise (逆时针) rapidly when viewed from above the North Pole. But what if the Earth started spinning the other way
Scientists from Germany have made a computer simulation in which the Earth spins in the opposite direction—clockwise when viewed from above the North Pole. This showed them some interesting things about the weather and geography on the Earth, Live Science reported.
As the Earth spins in a counterclockwise direction, it shapes certain ocean currents (洋流) . The direction of ocean currents, together with winds, produces different weathers around the globe. But a backward spin changes the ocean currents and winds. __▲__ Western areas of the lands on the Earth cool down as the eastern parts warm up. Winters become even colder in northwestern Europe, while eastern Russia becomes warmer than before. Rain no longer falls on the planet's wettest places.
Another result of a backward spin is that the Earth becomes greener. Scientists found that global desert (沙漠) areas reduce from 42 million square kilometers to 31 million square kilometers. This may have something to do with the changing weather. Therefore, you can see rich green landscapes from Central Africa to the Middle East, which are mostly covered with deserts now. More surprisingly, the Sahara Desert becomes an oasis.
However, deserts don't disappear. They just appear in some places in which they never appear before. Deserts would cover North America, where countries like the United States and Canada lie. Sand dunes would replace the Amazon rainforest in South America.
A backward spin would keep the main features of the Earth's geography, such as the size, shapes and positions of lands and oceans. But it would change the interactions between circulating air, ocean and geography, lead scientist Florian Ziemen told Live Science.
(1) Which of the following sentences can be put in the blank of Paragraph 3
A．Anyway deserts cover the planet.
B．Therefore, the weather is different.
C．However, the positions of oceans change.
D．Surprisingly, the area of lands is larger.
(2) The underlined word "oasis" in Paragraph 4 means "_____".
A．a place in a desert where there is sand and stones all over
B．a rich land in a desert where there is water and where plants grow
C．a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land or an ocean
D．a large smooth area which is over 500 metres above the sea level
(3) What would a backward spin bring to the Earth
A．The direction of ocean currents and winds would be different.
B．Rain would no longer fall on western areas of the lands on the Earth.
C．Deserts would become larger and cover the planet's wettest places.
D．The size, shapes and positions of lands and oceans would be changed.
(4) The passage is most probably taken from a magazine on _____.
A．history B．travel C．entertainment D．geography
答案
一、阅读理解题（共10题）
1.
(1) C
(2) A
(3) B
(4) B
(1) 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们选择不同的冰淇淋口味和吃冰淇淋的方式都与他们的个性相关。
细节理解题。根据第三段 Chocolate ice cream lovers are more likely to be extroverts. 可知巧克力冰淇淋爱好者更可能是外向的人，也因此更有可能很快与他人相处融洽。故选 C。
(2) 推理判断题。第四段主要讲述人们吃冰淇淋的不同方式（蛋筒、碗或杯子等）与他们的性格（有趣、理性、可靠等）相关，A 项能概括本段主旨。故选 A。
(3) 细节理解题。根据第四段 those who prefer waffle cones to holding their spoons of ice cream "tend to be the host of the party, and are usually caregivers." 可知喜欢华夫饼蛋简的人通常是照顾者。故选 B。
(4) 标题归纳题。结合文章内容可知，本文主要讲述不同的冰淇淋口味和食用方式的选择与人们的个性相关。故选 B。
2.
(1) A
(2) C
(3) C
(4) D
(1) 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green is a colour that represents the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven. 可知人们对于颜色的选择与文化价值观或者个人经历有关。而穆斯林对于绿色的理解是受文化价值观的影响。故 A 项正确。
(2) 推理判断题。根据第四段中的 Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red "Buy Now" button because red is a colour that easily catches a person's eye. 可知用红色是为了吸引人们的注意，从而鼓励人们购买。故 C 项正确。
(3) 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的 Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help. 可知蓝色可以让人减少食欲，帮助减肥，故 C 项正确。
(4) 标题归纳题。文章主要讲述的是在不同的文化中各种颜色的不同含义以及各种颜色的功能和作用。故 D 项正确。
3.
(1) A
(2) D
(3) C
(4) B
(1) 本文主要介绍了 Donna 和男友分手后又因膝盖受伤而陷入悲伤无法自拔，终日以泪洗面。一天早上她接到电话得知她好朋友的弟弟丧生于车祸，闻此噩耗她立刻前去安慰好朋友并帮忙处理琐事，在此过程中她忘记了自己的不幸。事后她意识到她给予朋友的支持远大于她给予自己的支持，借此告诫大家要给予自己足够的支持。
词义猜测题。由文章第一段可知 Donna 和男友分手后又因膝盖受伤，陷入悲伤无法自拔，终日以泪洗面。从第二段开头可知一天早上她接到电话得知好朋友的弟弟丧生于车祸。再根据画线短语后文“got in the car, and drove to her friend's house to be there with her”可猜测她“控制住了自己悲伤的情绪，前去帮助朋友”，故选 A。
(2) 事件排序题。按事情发生的先后顺序排列：与男友分手，膝盖受伤躺在床上，好友玛丽的弟弟丧生于车祸，接到噩耗，陪伴玛丽，故选 D。
(3) 推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知 Donna 给予朋友的支持远大于她给予自己的支持，在她的支持下，朋友走出了黑暗时期。所以她意识到如果她能给予自己更多的支持，那么她就可以走出自己的黑暗时期。故选 C。
(4) 标题归纳题。文章开篇点题“We are almost often called upon to support others in friendship.”且下文围绕“支持”来展开。故选 B。
4.
(1) A
(2) C
(3) C
(4) D
(1) 本题考查推断题。根据题目中的关键信息 “the three questions in paragraph 2”，定位至文章第二段。作者通过提出的三个问题，在本段最后一句得出结论：“we see the warning signs and signals when things get rough and difficult”。该句译为：当事情变得糟糕和困难时，我们会看到警告的标志和信号。本句与选项 A “当我们经历痛苦会学到教训” 相符合，故正确答案为选项 A。
(2) 本题考查推断题。根据题目中的关键信息 “Jane's problem” 定位到文章第六段，通过本段可知 Jane 的问题是她没有勇气在生活中面对人群，并且生活在自己的故事里。所以解决 Jane 问题的关键是她要意识到她并不是故事里的样子，与选项 C 相符，故正确答案为选项 C。
(3) 本题考查推断题。选项A译为 “世界告诉我们如何提升自己” 与原文作者观点不相符；选项 B 译为 “当人们发现事情很容易做时，人们会改变”，与原文 “当事情变得最糟糕时，人们会改变”，不相符；选项 C 译为 “迎接生活中的改变是变得更好的驱动力”，与原文主旨 “当人们主动接受改变时，会使自己得到提升” 相符合；选项 D 译为 “享受自我提升的过程使生活变得更加简单” 与原文最后一句 “自我提升使事情变得容易，使我们更开心” 不相符，故正确答案为选项 C。
(4) 本题考查主旨题。文章通过第一段的现象描述和第二段的提问，引出主旨 “我们应该为可以帮助我们自我提升的改变做好准备”；文章第三、四、五和六段谈论了乐观的人拥抱改变而另一些人们由于害怕改变而逃避改变；文章第七段重申全文观点，故正确答案为选项 D。
5.
(1) C
(2) D
(3) C
(4) A
(1) 本文是一篇议论文。文章依据“2018 年 10 月 25 日，佳士得拍卖行以 432500 美元的价格卖出了第一件人工智能创作的艺术品”这一事件为开端，对人工智能是否有创造力等问题进行了讨论。
词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Soon questions rang through the media: Is this art Who is the artist How about the owner Are machines now creative, too ”可知公众并不清楚什么是人工智能以及它能做什么，所以 confused 的意思是“困惑的”，故选 C。
(2) 段落大意题。本段主要讲述了人工智能作画的过程。根据第四段最后一句“AI did not produce the painting on its own at all.”可知人工智能并不是自己独立作画，故选 D。
(3) 推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“What interests the artists is to create works together: the way AI lets them go beyond their natural ability.”可知让艺术家们感兴趣的是他们可以和人工智能一起创造作品，人工智能可以让艺术家们超越他们本来的能力，从而提升了他们的绘画技能，故选 C。
(4) 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“In fact, the painting was just one of the countless artworks AI could produce.”可知拍卖的这幅画只是人工智能的无数艺术作品中的一个，故选 A。
6.
(1) D
(2) C
(3) C
(4) B
(1) 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过 John 的例子并结合一项研究发现童年时期帮助做家务的孩子长大后会更快乐、更成功。
推理判断题。根据第一段中的句子 He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. 可知，John 享受他的事业和婚姻。故选 D。
(2) 细节理解题。根据第三段中的句子 the researchers compared the men's mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores 可知，Vaillant 的团队是通过对比不同的得分获得他们的发现的。故选 C。
(3) 词义猜测题。根据第四段中的句子 The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp.（这些人童年时期做的事情和他们成人后是怎样的人之间的关联非常明显。）可知，sharp 的意思是“清楚的，明确的”。故选 C。
(4) 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的句子“One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one's work.”可知，情感健康对于美好的成年人生活来说是必要的。故选 B。
7.
(1) D
(2) C
(3) B
(1) 本文主要介绍了不同的人对于父母应不应该告诉孩子童话故事是假的这一事件表达的不同观点。
细节理解题。根据第二大段的第二句“If children are always deep in fairy tales, they might not adjust (调节) themselves to society.”可知，巨型婴儿是指深陷童话，不能区分现实与童话的成人。故选 D。
(2) 推理判断题。根据第三大段的最后一句“After all, dangers are always present in both fairy tales and reality (现实).”可知，在童话和现实里危险都总是存在的。C 项表述正确。故选 C。
(3) 推理判断题。根据第一大段的第二、三句“Some people think we shouldn't. Fairy tales give kids hope and teach life lessons.”可知，童话给了孩子希望并教授了他们生活经验。故选 B。
8.
(1) C
(2) A
(3) B
(4) D
(1) 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了林格伦夫人创作《长袜子皮皮》的过程以及《长袜子皮皮》的影响。
细节理解题。根据第四段 Pippi Longstocking was quickly a hit with young readers... admired her bravery 以及 But with time, Pippi's good heart won over readers of all ages. 可知皮皮的勇敢和善良赢得了读者的心，故选 C。
(2) 事件排序题。结合文章内容可知正确顺序是第二段 b. 生病的卡琳让母亲讲述长袜子皮皮的故事→第三段 d. 林格伦夫人写完了她对女儿讲述的长袜子皮皮的故事→第三段 a.《长袜子皮皮》在比赛中获得了一等奖→第四段 c. 长袜子皮皮的故事受到了各年龄段读者的喜爱，故选 A。
(3) 推理判断题。根据最后一段 So why is Pippi's birthday celebrated on May 21 May 21 is the birthday of Ms. Lindgren's daughter Karin 可知卡琳与长袜子皮皮有共同之处，故选 B。
(4) 标题归纳题。结合文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了《长袜子皮皮》的诞生过程以及影响力，故选 D。
9.
(1) A
(2) A
(3) C
(4) D
(1) 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了岩画艺术。
细节理解题。根据第一段第一句 Rock art is the name given to pictures drawn on rock by ancient peoples. 可知岩画是指古老的民族在岩石上画的画。所以，作者主要想介绍一种古老的艺术形式。故选 A。
(2) 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句 Still others believe that they are just doodles.“还有些人则认为，它们只是涂鸦。”可知，doodles 是指随便写的或画的东西。故选 A。
(3) 推理判断题。根据第三段中的 Some rock art shows faces, hands, animals, and trees.“一些岩画展示了面孔、手、动物和树木。”和第四段中的 Some scenes seem to tell a story. A hunting scene may include animals and people with hunting tools.“有些场景似乎讲述了一个故事。一个打猎的场景可能包括动物和拿着狩猎工具的人。”可知，岩画大多描写古代人的日常生活。故选 C。
(4) 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句 More than 7,000 rock art places have been found just in Utah, where the area's dry climate (气候) has helped keep the art.“仅仅在犹他州就发现了 7,000 多个岩画艺术区，那里气候干燥，有助于保存艺术品。”可推知，雨林之类的地方对保存岩画艺术并不理想。故选 D。
10.
(1) B
(2) B
(3) A
(4) D
(1) 细节理解题。根据下文 Western areas of the lands on Earth cool down … Rain no longer falls on the planet's wettest places. 可知地球反转后气候会改变。故句子“Therefore, the weather is different.”可以放在第三段的空白处，故答案为 B。
(2) 词义猜测题。根据文中“Therefore, you can see rich green landscapes from Central Africa to the Middle East, which are mostly covered with deserts now.”可知，从中非到中东，可以看到丰富的绿色景观，现在大部分都是沙漠。由此可推知撒哈拉沙漠变成了绿洲，因此画线单词“oasis”的意思是“绿洲”，故答案为 B。
(3) 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 But a backward spin changes the ocean currents and winds. 可知，反向旋转会给地球带来洋流和风向的改变。故答案为 A。
(4) 推理判断题。文章主要讲的是每个人都知道地球从西向东转，那么如果颠倒了地球自转方向会发生什么呢？来自德国的科学家们做了这样一个假设的实验，他们颠倒了地球的自转方向，发现地球上的洋流、气候都发生了变化。这篇文章很可能是从一本“地理”杂志上摘取的。故答案为 D。