Unit 7 What's the highest mountain in the world
知识清单/导学案 【寒假预习】
2025人教版英语八年级下册
使用说明:
《人教版英语八年级下册七单元寒假知识清单及导学案 【寒假预习】》,是依据课程标准及教材内容精心编制的英语学习指导方案,专为八年级学生寒假自主预习设计。
该清单对单元知识进行了全面且系统的梳理,涵盖词汇、短语、句型、语法以及课文等多个重要板块。在词汇部分,不仅对重点单词的词义、用法、变形及相关短语进行了详细阐释,还配备了针对性练习,帮助学生扎实掌握词汇;短语板块通过列举常用短语及其例句,强化学生对短语的理解与运用;句型板块深入剖析了单元中的关键句型,并设置多种练习,提升学生的语言表达能力。
一、词汇预习
重点单词
1. square /skwe (r)/ n. 平方;正方形;广场
2. meter / mi t (r)/ (也作metre)n. 米;公尺
3. deep /di p/ adj. 深的;纵深的 adv. 深深地;在深处
4. desert / dez t/ n. 沙漠
5. population / p pju le n/ n. 人口;人口数量
6. Asia / e / n. 亚洲
7. tour /t (r)/ n. & v. 旅行;旅游
tourist / t r st/ n. 旅行者;观光者
8. wall /w l/ n. 墙
9. amazing / me z / adj. 令人大为惊奇的;令人惊喜(或惊叹)的
amaze / me z/ v. 使惊奇;使惊愕
amazed / me zd/ adj. 惊奇的;惊讶的
10. ancient / e n nt/ adj. 古代的;古老的
11. protect /pr tekt/ v. 保护;防护
12. wide /wa d/ adj. 宽的;宽阔的 adv. 充分地
13. achieve / t i v/ v. 达到;完成;成功
achievement / t i vm nt/ n. 成就;成绩
14. southwestern / sa θ west n/ adj. 西南的;西南部的
15. thick /θ k/ adj. 厚的;浓的
16. include / n klu d/ v. 包括;包含
including / n klu d / prep. 包括;包含
17. freezing / fri z / adj. 极冷的;冰冻的
18. condition /k n d n/ n. 条件;状况
19. take in 吸入;吞入(体内)
20. succeed /s k si d/ v. 实现目标;成功
success /s k ses/ n. 成功
successful /s k sesfl/ adj. 成功的
21. challenge / t l nd / n. & v. 挑战;考验
22. in the face of 面对(问题、困难等)
23. achieve one's dream 实现某人的梦想
24. force /f s/ v. 强迫;迫使
25. nature / ne t (r)/ n. 自然界;大自然
26. ocean / n/ n. 大海;海洋
27. weigh /we / v. 重量是……;称……的重量
28. birth /b θ/ n. 出生;诞生
at birth 出生时
29. up to 到达(某数量、程度等);至多有;不多于
30. adult / d lt/ n. 成人;成年动物 adj. 成年的;成人的;成熟的
31. bamboo / b m bu / n. 竹;竹子
32. endangered / n de nd d/ adj. 濒危的
33. research / ri s t / n. & v. 研究;调查
34. keeper / ki p (r)/ n. 饲养员;保管人
35. awake / we k/ adj. 醒着
36. excitement / k sa tm nt/ n. 激动;兴奋
37. walk into 走路时撞着
38. fall over 绊倒
39. illness / ln s/ n. 疾病;病
40. remaining /r me n / adj. 遗留的;剩余的
41. or so 大约
42. artwork / ɑ tw k/ n. 艺术品;插图;美术作品
43. wild /wa ld/ adj. 野生的 n. 荒野
44. government / ɡ v nm nt/ n. 政府;内阁
45. whale /we l/ n. 鲸
46. oil / l/ n. 油;食用油;石油
47. protection /pr tek n/ n. 保护;保卫
48. huge /hju d / adj. 巨大的;极多的
(二)词汇练习
1. 根据汉语提示写单词
The city has a population (人口) of over two million.
We visited the Great Wall (墙) last summer.
The ancient (古代的) Egyptians built the pyramids.
We should protect (保护) our environment.
His achievement (成就) in science is very great.
2. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
The tourists (tour) from all over the world come to visit the famous place.
We were amazed (amaze) at the news.
The southwestern (southwest) part of the country is very beautiful.
The including (include) price is $100.
They are doing research (research) on the endangered animals.
二、短语预习
1. as big as 和……一样大
例句:This box is as big as that one.(这个盒子和那个一样大。)
2. one of the oldest countries 最古老的国家之一
例句:China is one of the oldest countries in the world.(中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。)
3. feel free to do sth. 随意做某事
例句:Feel free to ask me any questions.(随意问我任何问题。)
4. as far as I know 据我所知
例句:As far as I know, he is a good student.(据我所知,他是个好学生。)
5. man - made objects 人造物体
6. the Ming and Qing Dynasties 明清时期
7. the highest mountain 最高的山
8. any other mountain 其他任何一座山
例句:Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world.(珠穆朗玛峰比世界上其他任何一座山都高。)
9. of all the salt lakes 在所有的盐湖中
10. run along 延伸;贯穿
例句:The river runs along the village.(这条河贯穿这个村庄。)
11. freezing weather 极寒天气
12. the first people to do sth. 第一个做某事的人
例句:He was the first people to reach the top of the mountain.(他是第一个到达山顶的人。)
13. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
例句:Don't give up studying English.(不要放弃学习英语。)
14. reach the top 到达山顶
15. even though 即使;虽然
例句:Even though it is raining, he still goes to school.(即使在下雨,他仍然去上学。)
16. at birth 出生时
例句:The baby weighed 3 kilograms at birth.(这个婴儿出生时重3千克。)
17. live up to 活到
例句:Some turtles can live up to 100 years.(一些乌龟能活到100岁。)
18. cut down 砍倒
例句:People should stop cutting down trees.(人们应该停止砍树。)
19. endangered animals 濒危动物
20. in danger 处于危险之中
例句:Many wild animals are in danger.(许多野生动物处于危险之中。)
短语练习
1. 翻译短语
和……一样长:as long as
最著名的河流之一:one of the most famous rivers
随意回答问题:feel free to answer questions
据我所知:as far as I know
放弃梦想:give up dreams
2. 用适当的短语填空
This tree is as tall as (和……一样高) that building.
As far as I know (据我所知), he has gone to Beijing.
You should feel free to (随意) express your opinions.
My sister wants to be one of the most famous singers (最著名的歌手之一) in the future.
We should not give up (放弃) when we face difficulties.
三、句型预习
1. 询问人口数量的句型
What's the population of... ……的人口是多少?
回答时常用:It's about... 大约是…… 或 The population of... is... ……的人口是……
例句:What's the population of China (中国的人口是多少?) It's about 1.4 billion.(大约是14亿。)
2. 倍数表达法
A + be + 倍数 + as + 形容词原级 + as + B A是B的……倍
例句:Our classroom is three times as big as theirs.(我们的教室是他们的三倍大。)
A + be + 倍数 + 形容词比较级 + than + B A比B大(长、高……)……倍
例句:This road is twice longer than that one.(这条路比那条路长两倍。)
3. 比较级 + and + 比较级 越来越……
例句:It's getting warmer and warmer.(天气越来越暖和了。)
the + 比较级,the + 比较级 越……,就越……
例句:The more you read, the more you know.(你读得越多,知道得就越多。)
4. It is + adj. + (for sb.) + to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是……的
例句:It is difficult for us to learn math well.(对我们来说学好数学很难。)
5. There be + 主语 + doing sth. 有某人/某物正在做某事
例句:There are some birds singing in the tree.(有一些鸟正在树上唱歌。)
句型练习
1. 完成句子
印度的人口是多少?
What's the population of India
这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍高。
The new building is four times as tall as the old one.
我们的国家正变得越来越强大。
Our country is getting stronger and stronger
对学生来说按时完成作业很重要。
It is important for students to finish their homework on time.
有许多人在公园里跳舞。
There are many people dancing in the park.
2. 句型转换
The city has a population of about 5 million. (改为同义句)
The population of the city is about 5 million
This room is two times bigger than that one. (改为同义句)
This room is three times as big as that one.
四、语法预习
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
1. 构成规则
一般情况:单音节词和部分双音节词,在词尾加 -er 构成比较级,加 -est 构成最高级。 如:tall - taller - tallest;short - shorter - shortest
以不发音的e结尾:直接加 -r 构成比较级,加 -st 构成最高级。 如:nice - nicer - nicest;large - larger - largest
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾:变y为i,再加 -er 或 -est。 如:heavy - heavier - heaviest;busy - busier - busiest
重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母:双写该辅音字母,再加 -er 或 -est。 如:big - bigger - biggest;hot - hotter - hottest
多音节词和部分双音节词:在词前加more构成比较级,加most构成最高级。 如:beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful;carefully - more carefully - most carefully
2. 不规则变化
good/well - better - best
bad/badly/ill - worse - worst
many/much - more - most
little - less - least
far - farther/further - farthest/furthest
3. 比较级的用法
表示两者之间的比较,常用“than”连接比较对象。 如:He is taller than his brother.(他比他哥哥高。)
用“比较级 + and + 比较级”表示“越来越……”。 如:The days are getting longer and longer in spring.(春天白天越来越长。)
用“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”表示“越……,就越……”。 如:The harder you study, the better grades you will get.(你学习越努力,成绩就会越好。)
4. 最高级的用法
表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级。形容词最高级前要加定冠词the,副词最高级前the可省略。 如:He is the tallest student in our class.(他是我们班最高的学生。);She runs (the) fastest in her school.(她在学校跑得最快。)
常用“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”表示“最……之一”。 如:The Great Wall is one of the most famous places of interest in the world.(长城是世界上最著名的名胜古迹之一。)
语法练习
1. 写出下列单词的比较级和最高级
long: longer,longest
happy: happier,happiest
big: bigger,biggest
beautiful: more beautiful,most beautiful
good: better,best
2. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
This book is more interesting (interesting) than that one.
He is the tallest (tall) boy in his class.
The weather is getting colder and colder (cold).
The more (much) you practice, the better (good) your English will be.
Which is bigger (big), the sun or the moon
五、课文预习
1. 预习方法
听录音跟读:反复听课文录音,模仿语音、语调、连读等发音技巧,然后大声跟读,培养语感。
通读课文:了解文章的大致内容,标记出不懂的单词和句子,便于之后查阅资料或请教他人。
分析结构:梳理文章的段落结构,找出主题句和关键信息,理解文章的逻辑关系。
2. 课文内容梳理
Section A:主要围绕世界上一些著名的自然奇观和地理知识展开,如谈论珠穆朗玛峰的高度、尼罗河的长度等,重点学习形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法,以及询问人口数量等句型。
Section B:聚焦于濒危动物的保护,介绍了大熊猫、鲸鱼等动物的生存现状,学习相关的词汇和表达,同时进一步巩固比较级和最高级,还涉及到一些关于环境保护的话题。
Self - Check:通过多种练习形式,如词汇运用、句型转换、短文填空等,帮助同学们对本单元所学的词汇、语法和句型进行自我检测和复习,查缺补漏。