课时把关练
Part I Listening and Speaking
基础知识练
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. When you get there，you can see there are p （海报）advertising the new movie throughout the town.
2. It is reported that rapid economic development threatens animal h （栖息地）.
3. It is i （非法的） for a public official to ask people for gifts or money in exchange for favors to them.
4. Now scientists are doing research on the l （居住的） environment of other species.
5. The employment r （率） has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase it.
6. Mammals（哺乳动物） weighing sixty kilograms have an a （平均的）brain size of 200 cm3.
7. Sorry I’m late. I might have turned off the a （闹钟）clock and gone back to sleep again.
8. This smart keyboard precisely m （测量）the cadence（节奏） with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.
9. Farming produced more food per person than h （打猎）and gathering，so people were able to raise more children.
10. I began collecting newspaper articles about new s （物种），new monkey，new spider...，and on and on they appear.
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示完成句子
1. I really don’t know what （究竟） they have done in the laboratory.
2. I thought I would be punished for the broken glasses but I （以…… 结束）being praised for my honesty.
3. The old system is （逐渐消失） and a new system is coming into being.
4. Women are now （意识到） their rights and are prepared to stand up to their employers.
5. （平均），these people reported that their luck had increased by more than 40 percent.
6. The teacher cured him of his bad habits and he （取得很大的进步） in English.
7. Although he has retired，he is still （关心）the protection of the endangered species.
8. The world will be different，and we will have to be prepared to （适应） the challenge.
9. I can work （在压力下）and get along with my colleagues.
10. It is reported that some of the wild animals are dying out
（以惊人的速度）.
Ⅲ. 单句语法填空
1. Drivers who park their cars （illegal），particularly blocking traffic flow，deserve to be punished.
2. When hunting season opened，we put a sign at the end of our driveway asking （hunt） not to shoot our pets.
3. I cannot make my decision （immediate），but you will hear from me soon.
4. However，the two zookeepers didn’t want to see the （extinct） of this precious species.
5. Our parents are more （concern）about our health and future.
6. Chris and Tim work at a zoo，helping （endanger） cranes with their reproduction.
7. Whether this kind of animal will be able （adapt）quickly enough to the place is a big problem.
8. It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood （press），and put people into a better mood.
9. Earth Day，marked on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public （aware）about environmental protection.
10. An ecosystem consists of the （live）and non-living things in an area which interact with one another.
能力提升练
Ⅳ.阅读理解
It is widely believed that biodiversity（生物多样性）is promoted to save species. But in reality species exist only as part of ecosystems and cannot survive unless their ecosystems are protected along with as much as possible of the diversity they contain.
Protecting habitats（栖息地）is important for keeping biodiversity. In 2003，over 102，000 habitats covering nearly 19 million square kilometres，or 11. 5 % of the world’s land surface， were under some form of protection. Though this is a great improvement since 1962，when just l，000 protected habitats were listed，it is still not considered enough to stop the ecocide that is endangering the world’s biodiversity.
For a number of environmentalists，protecting the world’s 25 biodiversity hot spots（热点地区）is critical to saving habitats and species. But many hot spots are endangered already，having lost up to three quarters of their original plants.
The poor state of most biodiversity hot spots results directly from population growth and migration（迁移）into these areas. A study found that by the mid-1990s around one billion people lived in these hot spots. Moreover，the annual population growth rate in these areas was l. 8%，higher than the global average of l. 4%. The PAI report concluded that human-related environmental changes will continue to put pressure on hot spots. Therefore，keeping biodiversity requires paying close attention to population size.
Protecting hot spots is not simply a matter of putting up fences and employing guards. The best results are achieved when local people are educated about the value of wildlife，and actually gain a share of the benefits from ecotourism. Only then do they have a chance to see the benefits of protecting hot spots.
1. What can we infer from Paragraph l
A. The loss of any species can affect humans.
B. Endangered species are paid more attention to by humans.
C. Species can still survive when their ecosystems are destroyed.
D. Ecosystem protection is as important as diversity protection.
2. What does the underlined word“ecocide”in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Ecosystem protection. B. Reduction of the number of species.
C. Serious damage to habitats. D. Habitats protection.
3. What’s the direct cause of the terrible state of the hot spots
A. Population growth in hot spots. B. Migration out of these areas.
C. Global warming. D. The global average population growth rate.
4. What’s the author’s opinion on protecting hot spots
A. It’s simple to carry out. B. It leads to the increase in tourists.
C. It’s closely connected with local people. D. It suggests that the local people are well educated.
课时把关练
Part I Listening and Speaking
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. posters 2. habitats 3. illegal 4. living 5. rate 6. average
7. alarm 8. measures 9. hunting 10. species
Ⅱ. 1. on earth 2. ended up 3. dying out 4. aware of 5. On average 6. made great progress
7. concerned about 8. adapt to 9. under pressure 10. at an alarming rate
Ⅲ. 1. illegally 句意：非法停车的司机，尤其是那些阻碍交通的， 应当予以惩罚。所填词修饰动词，所以用副词形式。
2. hunters 句意：当狩猎季节开始的时候我们在自家车道的尽头挂上了指示牌，要求狩猎者不要猎杀我们的宠物。所填词是指人的名词，应用复数形式。
3. immediately 句意：我不能马上作决定，不过你很快就会收到我的来信。
4. extinction 句意：然而，两位管理员不想看到这种珍稀动物灭绝。所填的词作宾语，所以用名词形式。
5. concerned 句意：我们的父母更关心我们的身体和未来。be concerned about 关心……
6. endangered 句意：克里斯和蒂姆在动物园工作，帮助濒临灭绝的鹤繁殖。修饰名词要用形容词形式，所以填endangered，意为“濒危的”。
7. to adapt 句意：这种动物能否足够快速地适应这个地方是一个大问题。be able to do 能够做……
8. pressure 句意：结果是看绿色和正在生长的东西可以减少压力，降低血压，让人们心情更好。blood pressure 血压。
9. awareness 句意：4 月22 日是地球日，是一个旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。所填的词作raise 的宾语，所以用名词形式。
10. living 句意：生态系统是由该区域中相互作用的生物和非生物组成的。所填的词修饰名词things，所以用形容词 形式。
Ⅳ.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了保护世界生物多样性，不仅要保护物种，更要关注热点地区的保护。
1. D 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“But in reality species exist only as part of ecosystems and cannot survive unless their ecosystems are protected along with as much as possible of the diversity they contain.”可知，生态系统保护与多样性保护同样重要。
2. C 词义猜测题。根据文章第二段中画线词所在句的Though this is a great improvement since 1962，when just l，000 protected habitats were listed和is endangering the world’s biodiversity可知，虽然保护栖息地力度增加，但仍然不足以阻止危及世界生物多样性的生态破坏。所以ecocide 为“生态破坏”之意。
3. A 细节理解题。根据文章第四段的“The poor state of most biodiversity hot spots results directly from population growth and migration into these areas.”可知，造成热点地区糟糕状况的直接原因是人口增长。
4. C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“The best results are achieved when local people are educated about the value of wildlife，and actually gain a share of the benefits from eco-tourism. Only then do they have a chance to see the benefits of protecting hot spots.”可推断，作者的观点是保护热点地区与当地人密切相关。课时把关练
Part II Reading and Thinking
基础知识练
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. After many years，this coastal area was finally named a national wildlife r （保护区） last year.
2. We can o （观察到）that artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways.
3. In recent years，the African elephants have been a （袭击） illegally and their habitats are getting limited.
4. His purpose was to make a p （利益） by improving the company’s performance.
5. The message you i （打算） to convey through words may be the exact opposite of what others actually understand.
6. The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve people’s well-being and a dream of h （和谐），peace and development.
7. What has led many governments to r （去除） necessary regulations
8. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to r （恢复） at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示完成句子
1. I am near-sighted and can’t （看清） what the teacher has written on the blackboard.
2. It （使我想起） my days when I joined in the military training at senior high school.
3. These websites offer young people the information and tools they need to （看管） their money.
4. Dozens of doctors and nurses have been working （日日夜夜） for weeks.
5. I have a dream that humans could live （和谐相处） the beautiful nature.
6. I （被……打动） the beauty of Mount Tai and decided to stay another day.
7. When the dam was （处于危险中），the whole village rushed out to repair it.
8. These ancient buildings which are （ 在保护下） have been restored beautifully to attract foreigners.
Ⅲ. 单句语法填空
1. The scenery here has great charm， （remind） me of Guilin.
2. Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. However，the majority of people are （effect） speakers because they train to be.
3. The doctors are confident that he’ll make a full （recover），which is just a question of time.
4. Human life is regarded as part of nature and the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony __________________nature.
5. On a more global level，the destruction of the rainforest （threaten）humans’ life.
6. Only after he （remove）his dark glasses did I recognize him.
7. As long as life exists，there is the struggle for （exist）.
8. It is a tradition for the people here （observe） the Spring Festival.
Ⅳ. 练通句型
【一句多译】
1. 这道数学题很容易，我能做出来。
① The maths problem is I can work it out.（结果状语从句）
② The maths problem is .（enough）
2. 随着公路和铁路的正在修建，野生动物的栖息地变得越来越小。
① With new roads and railways ，the habitats of wildlife are becoming smaller and smaller. （with 复合结构）
② As new roads and railways ， the habitats of wildlife are becoming smaller and smaller. （现在进行时的被动语态）
3. 为了有健康的身体，我们应该平衡膳食，多加锻炼。
① a healthy body， we should eat a balanced diet and take more exercise. （不定式短语作目的状语）
② We should eat a balanced diet and take more exercise have a healthy body.（目的状语从句）
4. 泰山，以“五岳之首”而闻名，每年吸引着数百万游客。
① Mount Tai， “First of the Five Sacred Mountains”，attracts millions of tourists every year.（过去 分词作定语）
② Mount Tai， “First of the Five Sacred Mountains”，attracts millions of tourists every year.（定语从句）
【句式升级】
5. 只有真正体验到学习的乐趣时，我们才会努力学习。
We will make efforts to study only when we truly experience the fun of learning.
→ （倒装句）
V.教材语法填空
In order to observe Tibetan antelopes，we are here on the plain. We can see snow-covered mountains disappear into clouds 1. seem almost close enough to touch. In front of us，we can just make out a herd of Tibetan antelopes，moving 2. （slow）across the green grass. Though 3. （strike）by their beauty，I’m also reminded of the danger they were in. They 4. （hunt），illegally， for their valuable fur.
The 1980s and 1990s were bad times for the Tibetan antelope. The population of Tibetan ante- lopes dropped 5. more than 50 percent. Hunters were shooting antelopes 6. （make）profits. Their habitats were becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built.
In order to save this species from 7. （extinct），measures were taken to protect them， which proved to be very 8. （effect）. In June 2015，the Tibetan antelope was removed from the endangered species list.
Watching the stars in the evening，I think about the antelopes and 9. Zhaxi told me. Much is being done to protect wildlife，but if we really want to save the planet，we must change our way of life. Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop 10. （be）a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
能力提升练
VI.完形填空
A team of 12 teenage girls have invented a portable，solar-powered tent. Their 1 for the creative project was the growing problem of 2 in their community. They set out to 3
a highly durable，water-resistant tent that 4 more air，light，privacy，and a cell phone charging station.
These girls have had no 5 engineering training，only a burning 6 to help their com- munity. The girls 7 a non-profit organization called DIY Girls which 8 girls in science， technology and engineering. Team members learned new skills 9 from programming and 3D printing to sewing and soldering（焊接）.
There are many art features and design elements that make the tent 10 . It is made to be both portable and lightweight. It neatly folds into a rolling backpack to make it 11 to travel with. The tent is equipped with 12 ，a pair of USB ports，and one micro-USB port specially 13 by solar energy. The solar power is used to 14 electronic devices and provide light for the tent.
Now that the prototype（原型）is complete，the team is looking forward to getting their 15 patented and mass distributed to the homeless population.
1. A. motivation B. invitation C. application D. intention
2. A. pollution B. employment C. homelessness D. hunger
3. A. rent B. adopt C. purchase D. create
4. A. catches B. holds C. offered D. produced
5. A. normal B. formal C. strict D. regular
6. A. question B. desire C. approach D. idea
7. A. fit in with B. put up with C. teamed up with D. got along with
8. A. supports B. defends C. monitors D. protects
9. A. dating B. hearing C. ranging D. differing
10. A. unique B. affordable C. accessible D. popular
11. A. conscious B. confident C. comfortable D. convenient
12. A. lights B. phones C. chairs D. beds
13. A. created B. fixed C. powered D. designed
14. A. replace B. arrange C. control D. charge
15. A. discovery B. invention C. essay D. record
VII.阅读理解
The carbon footprint measures the total greenhouse gas emissions（排放）a particular person is responsible for over a certain period of time. Knowing this definition，we can calculate the size of our own carbon footprint by reflecting on our typical patterns of consumption. In this article，we’ll show you the most common sources of personal and household carbon emissions.
When it comes to identifying the best ways to reduce your own household’s carbon footprint，the first step is to consider the most common sources of greenhouse gas emissions. The primary sources of carbon emissions are food，household emissions，and personal transportation.
Food makes up 10%-30% of a household’s carbon footprint and more than two thirds of food emissions result from the production process alone. Particularly high-emission foods include meat and dairy. In other words，these food groups cause more pollution per calorie than grains or vegetables. Therefore，one of the best ways to reduce your carbon footprint is to eat less processed food and food of animal origin.
Household emissions are the next major group of carbon emissions contributors. These include residential electricity use as well as space heating and cooling. Experts estimate the latter will account for about 44% of energy use in US homes in 2020. Among the other heavy emitters at home，refrigerators are by far the largest users of household energy.
Personal transportation is another area where many of us will easily find ways to reduce our carbon footprint. America is a nation of car owners， and about 67. 6% of the civilian population over the age of 15 drives on a daily basis. Out of the total greenhouse gases from transportation emitted in 2019，41% were from passenger cars. Although public transportation isn’t all too reliable across the board in the United States，it is a good way to reduce our own individual carbon footprint when it comes to transport.
1. How is Paragraph One developed
A. By reasoning. B. By making comparisons.
C. By listing facts. D. By giving a definition.
2. Which food brings about the least carbon footprint
A. Cakes. B. Meat. C. Canned food. D. Vegetables.
3. What can we know about household emissions
A. House emissions contribute the most carbon footprint.
B. More electric consumption means more carbon footprint.
C. Space healing and cooling accounts for half of electricity use.
D. Refrigerators consume more energy than air conditioners.
4. What’s the writer’s attitude to public transportation in the US
A. Objective. B. Positive. C. Negative. D. Subjective.
课时把关练
Part II Reading and Thinking
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. reserve 2. observe 3. attacked 4. profit 5. intend 6. harmony 7. remove
8. recover
Ⅱ. 1. make out 2. reminds me of 3. watch over 4. day and night 5. in harmony with
6. was struck by 7. in danger 8. under protection
Ⅲ. 1. reminding 句意：这里景色非常迷人，让我想起桂林。the scenery 和remind 是主动关系，所以用动词-ing 形式作状语。
2. effective 句意：有些人生来就有演讲的天赋。然而，大多数人之所以能成为有效的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。effective adj. 有效的，可用来修饰名词speaker。
3. recovery 句意：医生们相信他会完全康复。这只是个时间问题。根据前面的a full 可知要用名词形式。
4. with 句意：人类的生活被当作自然的一部分，并且我们生存下来的唯一方式就是与自然和谐相处。in harmony with 与……和谐相处。
5. threatens 句意：就全球而言，雨林的破坏会威胁人类的生命。句子谈论的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时。
6. removed 句意：他摘掉墨镜后我才认出他来。由主句中的did 可知，此处用一般过去时，故填removed。
7. existence 句意：只要有生命存在，就有生存竞争。由介词for 可知，空格处填exist 的名词形式existence。
8. to observe 句意：对于这里的人们来说，过春节是一种传统。该句中it 是形式主语，动词不定式短语是真正的主语。observe 除表示“观察”外，还可表示“遵守（习俗）”。
Ⅳ. 1. ① so easy that so...that 引导的是结果状语从句。
② easy enough for me to work out adj. + enough for sb. to do sth. 是固定结构。
2. ① being built “with+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语”结构，此处表示正在进行的被动动作。
② are being built 此处是现在进行时的被动语态。
3. ① In order to have 动词不定式短语作目的状语。
② so that we can so that 引导目的状语从句。
4. ① known as 过去分词短语作定语。
② which is known as which 引导非限制性定语从句。
5. Only when we truly experience the fun of learning will we make efforts to study. only 作副词置于句首，句子要用部分倒装语序。
V.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了作者去观察藏羚羊时的所见、所闻及感想。
1. which/that 先行词是clouds，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以填which或that。
2. slowly 所填词作状语，所以用副词形式。
3. struck 句子补全为“Though I am struck by...”，此处省略了从句主语和be动词。
4. were hunted they和hunt是被动关系，讲述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
5. by drop by下降了……
6. to make 此处作目的状语，所以用动词不定式。
7. extinction from是介词，后接名词作宾语。
8. effective 所填词作表语，所以用形容词形式。
9. what 所填词引导宾语从句并在从句中作宾语，所以填what。
10. being stop doing sth.停止做某事。
VI. 【语篇解读】文章讲述了12位年轻女孩在公益组织DIY Girls的帮助下发明了一款多功能帐篷，希望解决流浪人员无家可归的现状。
1. A 她们这个具有创造性的项目的动机（motivation）是社会上日益增多的流浪人员无家可归的问题。
2. C 根据最后一段最后一句中的mass distributed to the homeless population可知，女孩们的发明项目是要解决流浪人员的无家可归（homelessness）问题。
3. D 根据最后一段中的getting their...patented可知，女孩们盼望她们的项目获得专利，据此可以判断她们的项目是一项创造（create）发明。
4. C 她们着手创造一个高耐用的防水帐篷，能够提供（offer）更多的空气、光照、隐私和手机充电装置。
5. B 女孩们没有受到过正式的（formal）工程学培训……
6. B 仅有一个帮助社会的强烈愿望（desire）。
7. C 女孩们与非营利组织DIY Girls合作（team up with）， 这个组织在科学、技术和工程方面给予她们支持。
8. A 根据下文Team members learned new skills可知，女孩们从DIY Girls那里学到了很多技术，据此可知，女孩们的项目获得了DIY Girls的支持（support）。
9. C 团队成员学到了新技术，从编程和3D打印技术到缝纫和焊接技术。range from...to...意为“范围从……到……”。
10. A 根据第一段第二句中的the creative project和最后一段中的looking forward to getting their...patented可知，女孩们的项目很有创新性，且有望获得专利，据此可以推断她们的项目很独特（unique）。
11. D 根据上文It neatly folds into a rolling backpack可知，帐篷可以折叠，放入到背包中。据此可以推断这种新型帐篷旅行时方便（convenient）携带。
12. A 根据第一段最后一句中的tent that offered more air， light可知，帐篷有照明功能。据此可以推断帐篷配备了灯（light）。
13. C 根据上文The tent is equipped with lights，a pair of USB ports，and one micro-USB port可知帐篷配备了电器，又根据下文by solar energy可以推测，帐篷的电器设备是靠太阳能供电（power）。
14. D 根据第一段最后一句中的tent that offered...a cell phone charging station可知，帐篷有手机充电的地方，据此可以推知在这个帐篷中太阳能被用来给设备充电（charge）。
15. B 既然原型已经完工，团队正在盼望她们的发明（invention）能够获得专利，然后大规模分发给流浪人员。
VII. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。碳足迹是指特定的人在特定的时间内排出温室气体的总量。个人碳足迹的主要来源是食物、家庭碳排放和个人交通。
1. D 推理判断题。根据第一段主题句（即首句）可知，本段主要使用了下定义这种说明方法。
2. D 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知肉和奶等动物性食品以及深加工食品会导致更多的碳足迹。相比而言，谷物和蔬菜的碳足迹最少。
3. B 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，家庭碳排放的主要来源是电力消耗。据此可知，电力消耗得越多，碳足迹也越多。
4. A 根据第五段最后一句可知，作者一方面认为美国的公共交通不可靠，另一方面也肯定了其在碳排放方面的作用，据此可知，作者的态度是客观的。课时把关练
Part III Discovering Useful Structure & Listening and Talking
词汇专项练
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. When I was waiting for you，I happened to see a k （袋鼠） come by.
2. Consequently，she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners，which can
r （减少） oral bacteria.
3. He offered to teach English to some of the children in the n （邻近的地方）.
4. Some suggestions for the further control and study on this i （昆虫） pest were also proposed.
5. He came up with this question in three different ways in s （寻找）of an answer.
6. Several fishermen sat on wooden barrels，tending their n （网）.
7. The final results of the experiment are d （到期）on December 9.
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示完成句子
1. The company has removed the manager from his post （由于） his poor performance.
2. I have （寻找） photographic references to begin the creation of the first draft.
3. Our government is trying to （采取措施） to prevent and control pollution.
4. My garden （被……覆盖） so many butterflies that I can hardly see the flowers.
5. In the south of our country，bamboo （被用来） building.
6. The car （撞上） a bus on the bridge， but luckily the driver was not injured.
7. It is very moving to see how much strangers can （照顾） each other.
8. Their car broke down on the highway and （更糟的是），it began to rain cats and dogs.
语法专项练
Ⅲ. 单句语法填空（语法专练）
1. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who （trap）in the mountains for two days.
2. My washing machine （repair）this week，so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
3. When fat and salt （remove）from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.
4. Steam engines （use）to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise.
5. Sarah （tell）that she could be Britain’s new supermodel，earning a million dollars in the next year.
6. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts （reward）with success in the end.
Ⅳ. 将下列句子变为被动语态（语法专练）
1. People are using music therapy to treat different medical conditions and illnesses.
→ Music therapy to treat different medical conditions and illnesses.
2. Air pollution，which comes from human beings，is damaging some of the pictures in the museum.
→ Some of the pictures in the museum by air pollution，which comes from human beings.
3. They are designing a new system to give students quick and easy access to the digital resources.
→ A new system to give students quick and easy access to the digital resources.
4. It is reported that the police are looking into the case of two missing children.
→ It is reported that the case of two missing children by the police.
5. Professor Wang from Shandong University is giving them a lecture on how to learn English.
→ A lecture on how to learn English by Professor Wang from Shandong University.
6. They are holding a party for Mary on her sixteenth birthday.
→ A party for Mary on her sixteenth birthday.
7. Would you please fill in this form while they are cleaning the room
→ Would you please fill in this form while the room
8. Would you please keep silent They are broadcasting the weather report and I want to listen.
→ Would you please keep silent The weather report and I want to listen.
V. 用被动语态重写下划线部分
Do you think going to a museum is the only way to see art Actually, art is everywhere around us! For example, on the walls of my local pub, young people are painting beautiful pictures. Some people find graffiti
too random and don’t like it, but I like its colours. Even trees can be art—some people are trimming trees into
interesting shapes, like animals or clouds. And look up—construction workers are building impressive, original buildings in every neighbourhood. Anyhow, it’s easy to see great art nowadays, because people are creating it everywhere you look.
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VI.语篇型语法填空
Are you ready to get fit We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Centre will soon be open to the public once again! Our facilities 1_________________ (enlarge) and redone, and our centre is now bigger and better than ever before. The finishing touches 2_______________(put) to a new swimming pool now and our workout rooms 3_________________ (update) with modern e by and check them out!
There are a lot of fitness courses for you to choose from. In response to public interest, our aerobics class 4_________________ (replace) with several fun options, including modern dance. You can find more details about all our courses on our website. Better still, we will update our fitness courses every few months so that more popular courses can be included. Weight training classes, for example, 5_______________ (design) and will be added to our programme soon. We will invite professional athletes to be our coaches. We are confident that we have something for everyone. We look forward to seeing you here!
课时把关练
Part III Discovering Useful Structure& Listening and Talking
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. kangaroo 2. reduce 3. neighbourhood 4. insect 5. search 6. nets 7. due
Ⅱ. 1. due to 2. searched for 3. take measures 4. is covered with 5. is used for 6. crashed into
7. care for 8. even worse
Ⅲ. 1. had been trapped 句意：一位救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被困在山里两天的游客。游客被困发生在被救之前， 表示过去的过去，因此要用过去完成时态的被动语态。
2. is being repaired 句意：我的洗衣机这周正在被修理，因此我不得不手洗我的衣服。洗衣机正在被修理，因此用现在进行时的被动语态。
3. are removed 根据语境和主句时态可知此处用一般现在时；主语“fat and salt”与remove 之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
4. were used 此处讲的是过去的事情，主语“Steam engines” 和use 之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
5. has been told/was told 句意：有人告诉过萨拉，她可能成为英国的一名新超模，第二年能挣一百万美元。根据句意可知，句子谓语应该使用现在完成时的被动语态。再由从句中的谓语动词“could be”可知，此处也可使用一般过去时的被动语态。
6. will be rewarded 句意：学生们一直在刻苦学习功课， 他们的努力最终将会以获得成功作为回报。根据句意和语境可知，此处应该使用一般将来时，且主语“efforts”与动词reward 之间为被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。
Ⅳ. 1. is being used 句意：人们正在使用音乐疗法治疗不同的医疗状况和疾病。主语是第三人称单数，时态是现在进行时，所以填is being used。
2. are being damaged 句意：来自人类的空气污染正在破坏博物馆中的一些画。主语是名词复数，时态是现在进行时，所以填are being damaged。
3. is being designed 句意：他们正在设计一种新的系统， 使学生能够快速、方便地使用数字资源。主语是第三人称单数，时态是现在进行时，所以填is being designed。
4. is being looked into 句意：据报道，警方正在调查两名失踪儿童的案件。主语是第三人称单数，时态是现在进行时， 所以填is being looked into。
5. is being given 句意：山东大学的王教授正在给他们作如何学英语的讲座。主语是第三人称单数，时态是现在进行时，所以填is being given。
6. is being held 句意：他们正在为玛丽的十六岁生日举办聚会。主语是第三人称单数，时态是现在进行时，所以填is being held。
7. is being cleaned 句意：请你在他们打扫房间时填写这张表格好吗？主语是第三人称单数，时态是现在进行时，所以填is being cleaned。
8. is being broadcast 句意：你能保持安静吗？他们正在播放天气预报，我想听。主语是第三人称单数，时态是现在进行时，所以填is being broadcast。
V. young people are painting beautiful pictures → beautiful pictures are being painted by young people
some people are trimming trees into interesting shapes → trees are being trimmed into interesting shapes by some people
construction workers are building impressive, original buildings→ impressive, original buildings are being built by construction workers
people are creating it everywhere you look→it is being created by people everywhere you look
VI.1. have been enlarged 2. are being put 3. have been updated 4. has been replaced 5. are being designed课时把关练
Part IV Reading for Writing
基础知识练
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. The whale，like the d （海豚），has become a symbol of the marvels of creation.
2. It is known to all that laughter is one of the most infectious expressions of e （情感）.
3. While the sun’s rays can age and harm our s （皮肤），they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.
4. His son，age 15，who had taken an art appreciation class， thought that there was something
u （不寻常的）about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair.
5. The selection of the T （西藏的） Antelope as the mascot reflected Beijing’s commitment to the Green Olympics.
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示完成句子
1. They saw first a cloud of dust and then the car that was （激起它）.
2. While speeding up work on the project，we must （注意） ensuring its quality.
3. These people do not have the equipment or the manpower to （砍倒） the trees.
4. He is a responsible person and can be trusted to （执行） the plan.
5. Green buildings will （带来） a healthier and more comfortable living environment.
6. When you go camping，please do not （留下） any trash.
7. （迄今为止），we haven’t been able to find anything，but we’re still researching.
8. Let us suppose another planet with conditions （相似的） those on the earth.
9. In my opinion，his songs are well worth （听）.
10. As students, we must （保持教室干净）.
11. The family left their cat behind when they （搬走）.
12. They （张贴） a notice on the wall，saying “No parking”.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 今天早晨雨下得很大，那就是他开会迟到的原因。
It rained heavily this morning. .
2. 他演奏得那么动听，以至于许多人停下来听他的音乐。
He played so beautifully that many people .
3. 我弟弟努力学习，为了能高中毕业后上大学。
My brother studies hard after he leaves high school.
4. 谈到流行音乐，我们不仅引领欧洲，而且引领全球。
，we not only lead Europe，but also lead the world.
5. 正是出于这种原因我才开始在五年前学习英语。
I began to learn English five years ago.
6. 只有当食物和衣物足够时，一个人才能举止得当。
Only when food and clothing are enough .
7. 因为我晚上有事要做，所以没法和你一起去看电影了。
in the evening， I can’t go to the movies with you.
8. 我们不能在会议室里开会，因为它正在被粉刷。
We cannot have the meeting in the meeting room，because it .
Ⅳ. 微写作
请根据下列提示，写一篇有关动物保护的短文。要求80 词左右。
1. 随着经济的发展，很多城市面临严峻的环境问题，给我们的生活造成了危害。（do harm to）
2. 许多人没有意识到环保的重要性。导致一些动物处境非常危险，一些动物面临绝迹。（be aware of ；in danger；die out）
3. 令我们欣慰的是，政府已经关注这个问题，并采取了有效的措施。（pay attention to；take effective measures）
4. 我相信，只有当我们与自然和谐相处时，我们才能拯救我们自己。（in harmony with）
句型：only 引起的倒装句
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能力提升练
V.阅读理解
Humans pollute the land，water and air with unwanted refuse. Almost 2. 4 billion people don’t have access to clean water. The U. S. alone produces 147 tons of air pollution. In some countries，the smog（烟雾）caused by air pollution is deadly and can block out the sun densely. It is rare to find a beach in the world that doesn’t have litter. Humans produce about 300 million tons of plastic each year. More than 8 million tons of that plastic are thrown into the oceans. In 2017，about 5 trillion pieces of plastic littered the seas. The plastic in the oceans has devastating（毁灭性的）effects on wildlife.
Environmental scientists have been warning us for decades that the greenhouse gas emissions（排放）that come from burning fuels are affecting the planet’s ecosystem. The increase of CO2 in the atmosphere traps heat that would otherwise escape into space，increasing the Earth’s overall temperature. This has caused Arctic ice to melt and ocean levels to raise. It’s said that ocean levels will rise 1 to 4 feet by 2100.
For every corn field you see，chances are there was once a forest in its place. As our population continues to increase，humans create more and larger farms. This means reducing the number of forests. Forests are also cleared for the wood that we use to build our houses. About 18 million acres of trees are clear-cut every year for wood. This has devastating effects for the wildlife that once called those forests home.
1. What’s the percentage of plastic created yearly that is littered to the ocean
A. About 2.7%. B. Over 3%. C. Less than 2.6%. D. More than 26%.
2. How is the first paragraph mainly developed
A. By making assumptions. B. By making comparisons.
C. By following time order. D. By citing figures.
3. Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph 2
A. Rising ocean levels. B. Global warming.
C. Greenhouse gas emissions. D. Overpopulation.
4. What are the forests cleared for
A. Construction land. B. Farms and wood.
C. Camping ground. D. Hunting field.
VI.七选五
Children should spend at least one hour playing in nature each day，according to the Wildlife Trusts（野生动物信托基金）. 1 It is now calling on the government to include nature time into daily school life.
2 Its 451 students in the study were 8 or 9 years of age. They were interviewed before and after nature activities. The activities were run by the Wildlife Trusts over the course of several weeks，such as learning about plants.
The children showed a great increase in personal health. 3 90 percent said they learned something new about the natural world；79 percent felt the experience would help their schoolwork；
4 Perhaps most importantly，79 percent mentioned they would believe more in themselves.
5 And the time has been reducing greatly in recent years. A 2017 report found that less than 10 percent British kids enjoyed themselves in nature，compared to 40 percent of adults when they were younger years ago. To improve the situation，the organization is calling on the government to free up a daily hour for nature time for kids.
A. Parents care much about their kids’ nature time.
B. However，parents on their own aren’t giving kids that time.
C. 81 percent said they had better relationships with their teachers.
D. The calling comes from a study by University College London.
E. The students are asked to study in University College London for one day.
F. The UK organization speaks for 46 groups and 2，300 nature protection areas.
G. And they also showed a sense of connection with the natural world and high levels of enjoyment.
课时把关练
Part IV Reading for Writing
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. dolphin 2. emotion 3. skin 4. unusual 5. Tibetan
Ⅱ. 1. stirring it up 2. pay attention to 3. cut down 4. carry out 5. bring about 6. leave behind
7. So far 8. similar to 9. listening to 10. keep the classroom clean 11. moved away 12. put up
Ⅲ. 1. That’s why he was late for the meeting That’s why... 意为“那就是为什么……”。why 引导表语从句。
2. stopped to listen to his music stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事。
3. so that he can go to college so that 以便；为了，引导目的状语从句。
4. When it comes to pop music when it comes to... 谈到……， 是固定句式。
5. It was for this reason that It is/was...that... 是强调句句型，此处强调的是介词短语。
6. can one behave properly only 修饰介词短语、从句，位于句首时，后面的句子或主句要用部分倒装语序。
7. Since I have something to do since引导原因状语从句。
8. is being painted 此处用现在进行时的被动语态。
Ⅳ .
With the development of economy，many cities are faced with serious environmental problems，which do harm to our life. However，many people are not aware of the importance of environmental protection. As a result，some animals are in great danger while others are dying out. To our relief，the government has paid attention to this issue and has taken effective measures. I am sure only when we live in harmony with nature can we save ourselves.
V. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类活动对生态造成的危害：污染、全球变暖和森林减少。
1. A 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Humans produce about 300 million tons of plastic each year. More than 8 million tons of that plastic are thrown into the oceans.”可知，每年生产大约3亿吨塑料，其中的8百多万吨，即大约2.7%被抛入大海。
2. D 推理判断题。第一段使用了列数字这种说明方法介绍了污染对生态的危害。
3. B 主旨大意题。第二段主要介绍了全球变暖问题。本题易误选A和C。A叙述的是全球变暖造成的影响；C项是全球变暖的原因。A和C都是围绕B项进行叙述说明的，B项更具有概括性。
4. B 细节理解题。根据第三段中“...humans create more and larger farms.”和“Forests are also cleared for the wood...”可 知，人们砍伐森林的目的是扩大耕地面积和获得木材。
VI.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。根据Wildlife Trusts的说法， 孩子们每天至少应该花一个小时在大自然中玩耍。然而，父母自己并没有给孩子们足够的时间。近年来，这种时间反而被大大缩短。
1. F 根据下文“It is now calling on the government to include nature time into daily school life.”可知，it指代的是the Wildlife Trusts，故判断F项“The UK organization speaks for 46 groups and 2，300 nature protection areas.”恰当。
2. D 根据上文“It is now calling on the government to include nature time into daily school life.”可知D项恰当。
3. G 根据上文“The children showed a great increase in personal health.”可知，G项中的they also showed和上文的The children showed相呼应，符合题意。
4. C 根据上文79 percent felt the experience would help their schoolwork和下文“Perhaps most importantly，79 percent mentioned they would believe more in themselves.”可知，设空处承接上下文，故选C项。
5. B 根据下文“And the time has been reducing greatly in recent years.”可知，B项“However，parents on their own aren’t giving kids that time.”放在段首引出下文。课时把关练
Part V Writing
妙笔生花
读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
What’s the best way to experience America I advise one step at a time. And that’s exactly what I set out to do in 2006 when I tried to visit all the fifty states in fifty days and run a marathon in each of them while staying there.
On a warm day in September，I decided to begin my trip of running fifty marathons，in fifty states，in fifty days with the Lewis & Clark marathon in St. Charles，Missouri. It seemed like a fitting place to begin，because it was the 200th anniversary of the Lewis & Clark expedition（探险）.
After visiting Missouri，my plan was to head west across the country，stopping in each state to visit，explore and run a marathon. As you might imagine，the preparations，including the schedules and research，were every bit as challenging as the running itself. Due to the embarrassing timing of different marathons across the nation，we weren’t always able to follow a straight line from one state to the next. Instead，we could only travel across the country in a complex（复杂的） web. But that was what made the travel so interesting.
Besides the complex web of travel，the presence of my family made my trip more meaningful. My wife，a dentist，had changed her schedule to join me，and our two children Alexandria and Nicholas would be taking fifty days off school，so they could travel with us. My mom，a retired school teacher，would also be part of the team. My father also came along. Well，we’re from Greece，where one family member goes，and the others soon follow. All of them supported my expedition.
It might be easy to conclude that seeing the country so quickly would lead to an unclear impression，but just the opposite was true. I remember every single state and every detail very clearly，even on this very day，more than a decade later.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
After we made careful preparations，my expedition plan began finally._____________________________
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My good physical quality was shown in the expedition.___________________________________________
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步骤一：品读语篇——抓住要点很关键
前文概要
审体裁：记叙文
审时态：一般过去时
审前文大意以及要点
who：the author
when：in September，2006
where：St. Charles，Missouri
what：running fifty marathons in fifty states in fifty days
why：stopping in each state to visit，explore and run a marathon
第一段：作者计划通过50天去50个州，并在每个州跑一次马拉松长跑，来亲身体验美国。
第二段：在9月份一个暖和的日子开始了体验美国的马拉松计划。
第三段：作者在每个州停下来参观、探索和跑马拉松，但是准备工作，包括日程安排和研究，都和跑步本身一样具有挑战性。
第四段：家人的参与使作者的旅行更有意义，他们都支持作者的探险。
第五段：作者看到这个国家，清楚地记得每一个州和每一个细节，甚至十多年后也不会忘记。
步骤二：戴着镣铐跳舞——研读首句，高度融合原文，合理想象情节
第一段：根据所给第一句“After we made careful preparations，my expedition plan began finally.”及原文情节推测可知，作者要横跨50个州，中间作者和家人势必面临天气方面的种种挑战，此段要围绕此内容展开续写。
第二段：根据所给句子“My good physical quality was shown in the expedition.”和原文情节的推测可知，身体健壮是一个原因，但喜欢这次活动的主要原因是得到了家人的支持。
步骤三：斟酌打磨——丰富续写词汇，生动描述情节
话题激活词汇
serious，feel tired，experience，expectation，successfully， drop，become，help，need，find，enjoy，meet，give up，finish，drive，along the highway，fly to，daily marathon routine，after every marathon，wetness，changes become more serious，be healthy and strong
句式翻译
1. 我们先从密苏里州开车到科罗拉多州。（主谓）
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2. 我们去那儿要参加博尔德越野马拉松。（介词短语表目的）
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3. 沿着公路，湿度越来越低。（比较级）
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4. 当我们飞往阿拉斯加时，变化变得更加严重了。（主从复合句） ___________________________________________________________________________________________
5. 我们遇到了一场暴风雪！（come across） ___________________________________________________________________________________________
6. 那对我们的探险很有挑战性。（主系表）
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7. 幸好一家户外服装公司帮了我们，所以我们有了很多暖和的衣服。（主从复合句）
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8. 暖和的衣服我们并没有穿很久。（主谓宾）
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9. 第二天我们就发现自己在夏威夷的炎热地区了。（主谓宾宾补）
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10. 除了每天的马拉松之外，我还喜欢与大人物见面。（enjoy doing sth.）
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11. 通过这些名人，我体验了不同的文化。（主谓宾）
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12. 虽然每次马拉松后我都觉得很累，但我从未想过要放弃。（although引导让步状语从句）
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13. 真正的原因并不是我健康强壮，而是我得到了所有家庭成员的支持。（lie in）
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14. 在他们的期望下，我成功地在50个州跑完了50场马拉松。（with介词短语）
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步骤四：创造性表达——润色注重细节，句式再造升级
1. 将第1句和第2句变为一个简单句
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2. 将第4句用独立主格结构改为一个简单句
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3. 将第5句用be caught in改写，且与第6句变为一个复合句
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4. 将第7句改写为简单句
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5. 将第8句和第9句变为一个复合句
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6. 将第11句改为第10句的非限制性定语从句
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7. 将第13句用not...but结构改写
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步骤五：高分在即——连句成篇，结构紧凑逻辑衔接
After we made careful preparations，my expedition plan began finally._____________________________
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My good physical quality was shown in the expedition.___________________________________________
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课时把关练
Part V Writing
参考答案
步骤三
1.We drove from Missouri to Colorado first.
2. We were going there for the Boulder Backroads marathon.
3. Along the highway the wetness dropped lower and lower.
4. The changes became more serious when we flew to Alaska.
5. We came across a snowstorm!
6. That was challenging for our expedition.
7. Thankfully，as an outdoor clothing company helped us，we had plenty of warm clothing.
8. We didn’t wear warm clothes for long.
9.The next day we found ourselves in the hot area of Hawaii.
10. Apart from the daily marathon routine，I also enjoyed meeting the great people.
11.Through these celebrities，I experienced different cultures.
12. Although I felt tired after every marathon，I never thought about giving up.
13.The real reason didn’t lie in that I was healthy and strong；it lay in that I gained the support from all my family members.
14.With their expectations，I finished the fifty marathons in fifty states successfully.
步骤四
1.We drove from Missouri to Colorado first，for the Boulder Backroads marathon.
2.We flying to Alaska，the changes became more serious.
3. We were caught in a snowstorm，which was challenging for our expedition.
4. Thanks to the help from an outdoor clothing company，we had plenty of warm clothing.
5. We didn’t wear them for long，because the next day we found ourselves in the hot area of Hawaii.
6.Apart from the daily marathon routine，I also enjoyed meeting the great people，through whom I experienced different cultures.
7.The real reason was not because I was healthy and strong，but because I had the support from all my family members.
步骤五
One possible version：
After we made careful preparations，my expedition plan began finally. We drove from Missouri to Colorado first，for the Boulder Backroads marathon. Along the highway the wetness dropped lower and lower. We flying to Alaska，the changes became more serious. We were caught in a snowstorm，which was challenging for our expedition. Thanks to the help from an outdoor clothing company，we had plenty of warm clothing. But we didn’t wear them for long，because the next day we found ourselves in the hot area of Hawaii.
My good physical quality was shown in the expedition. Apart from the daily marathon routine，I also enjoyed meeting the great people，through whom I experienced different cultures. Although I felt tired after every marathon，I never thought about giving up. However，the real reason was not because I was healthy and strong，but because I had the support from all my family members. With their expectations，I finished the fifty marathons in fifty states successfully.
