Period 3 Grammar and usage
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空。
1. I always dream of having a house ________ by trees, flowers and grass. If I can live in such beautiful ________, I must feel happy every day. As we know, the ________ things can always have an effect on our mood.(surround)
2. I'm not going there again—they charged me $10 ________ a cup of coffee!
3. You were charged ________ ignoring your duty. Who accused you ________ such a crime
4. If they ________(consider) everything, they would not have made such a mistake.
5. ________ is hoped, Mary has won first prize.
6. There was a very naughty boy in the nursery and a teacher who was generally very confident with the children was asked to take charge ________ him.
7. I am ________ favour of your suggestion that we should spend more time on this project.
8. He attached his horse ________ a tree.
Ⅱ. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The trees ________(blow) down in the storm have been removed.
2. ________(devote) to his research work, the professor cared little about any other things.
3. ________(leave) alone in the large house, the little boy had to learn to survive by himself.
4. He appeared ________(shock) at the news.
5. After the heavy rain, many cars got ________(catch) in the mud.
6. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word ________(speak).
7. The days are ________(go) when we were looked down upon.
8. ________(impress) with the beautiful scenery, he decided to stay another two days.
Ⅲ. 阅读理解。
A[2024信阳淮滨多校期末联考]
Loss of slow wave sleep as you age may increase your risk of developing dementia(痴呆), according to a new study.
“We found that aging was associated with a decline in the amount of the deepest stages of sleep, known as slow wave sleep. We then found that people with greater declines in slow wave sleep over time had a higher risk of getting dementia over the next 17 years of follow up，” said Matthew Pase, senior author of the study.
Slow wave sleep is the third stage of sleep, which is important for brain health. During this stage, the body removes unwanted or harmful materials from the brain. “For the brain, this deep sleep is thought to be the most restorative，” said Dr Richard Isaacson, who wasn't involved in the study.
The researchers wanted to know whether chronic(慢性的) reductions in slow wave sleep over time are linked to dementia risk in humans and whether dementia related processes in the brain may contribute to getting less of this type of sleep. They studied 346 people with an average age of 69 and completed two overnight sleep studies—one between 1995 and 1998 and the second between 1998 and 2001—during which their sleep was monitored. The researchers also investigated whether any change in the amount of slow wave sleep that participants got was associated with developing dementia up to 17 years after they completed the sleep studies. By that time, 52 participants had been diagnosed with dementia. Each percentage decrease in slow wave sleep per year was linked to a 27 per cent increased risk of developing dementia. The rate of slow wave sleep loss accelerated(加速) from age 60, peaked from ages 75 to 80 and slowed afterwards.
“This is an important study yet again showing the impact of quality of sleep on a person's risk of cognitive decline and dementia，” Isaacson said. “It's important to not only pay attention to the total amount of sleep a person gets each night, but also monitor sleep quality as best as possible.”
( ) 1. What can we learn from the new study
A. The older you are, the less sleep you will have.
B. Slow wave sleep has been linked to the risk of dementia.
C. The rate of slow wave sleep loss keeps going up with age.
D. The amount of sleep has an impact on the risk of dementia.
( ) 2. How did researchers get what they wanted
A. By making a comparison. B. By introducing a concept.
C. By referring to another study. D. By making a survey.
( ) 3. What did Dr Richard Isaacson suggest
A. Sleep quality needs more attention.
B. We should have enough sleep.
C. The elderly should sleep more than the young.
D. The amount of sleep is more important than sleep quality.
( ) 4. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A. Sports. B. Health. C. Education. D. Environment.
B[2024扬州期末]
Short sightedness is thought to affect around one in three people in the UK. The World Health Organization predicts that about half of the world's population will have myopia, or short sightedness, by 2050.
Generally a childhood phenomenon, myopia happens when the eyeball grows too long from front to back, making it more oval shaped(椭圆形的) than round, thus unable to see faraway things clearly.
While our first reaction is to blame the increased use of screens, experts believe the real reason is not that, exactly, but it's related: less time spent outdoors. Natural light is essential for healthy eye development, says Schwartz. Access to natural light stimulates dopamine(多巴胺), which helps normal growth and development of the eyeball. Indoor lighting doesn't do the trick. Ideally, kids should get at least two hours of natural light a day.
That said, our increased use of screens is a problem. Most screens are high contrast—like black text on a white page, or light text on a dark background, says Schwartz. A 2018 study in Scientific Records found that looking at black text on white backgrounds compared to natural environments could lead to myopia. Close work, like reading and looking closely at screens, has also been shown to cause myopia.
Most people's eyesight settles in their teens, but some people get nearsighted later in life. Poor eyesight isn't the only downside; people with myopia are at a higher risk of developing eye issues as they age. That's why regular eye examinations are important.
Researchers are working on ways to slow down rising myopia rates. A clinical trial at Ohio State University found that eye drops with a low dose of atropine(阿托品) can slow myopia in kids. There's also some early evidence that a type of contact lens(隐形眼镜) called Peripheral Defocus lenses might stop nearsightedness from worsening.
You can also reduce eye tiredness by making a few simple lifestyle changes, such as reading or working in good light, choosing non glare screens for your computer or TV and taking frequent breaks.
( ) 5. What happens to the eyeball when one gets short sighted
A. The eyeball becomes rounder in shape.
B. The eyeball turns unclear and cloudy.
C. The eyeball shortens from front to back.
D. The eyeball becomes more oval shaped.
( ) 6. What is the main cause of myopia according to experts
A. Increased use of screens. B. Reduced activities in the open air.
C. Access to indoor lighting. D. Reading on contrast screens.
( ) 7. What is the significance of natural light to eye development
A. It causes production of a chemical to help eyeball's normal growth.
B. It helps to relax your eyes by providing a break from screens.
C. It increases the contrast on screens, making them easier to read.
D. It is essential for seeing black text on a white background clearly.
( ) 8. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to slow down rising myopia rates
A. Low dose atropine eye drops. B. Peripheral Defocus lenses.
C. Regular eye examinations. D. Forming healthy eye habits.
Ⅳ. 语法填空。[2024张家界期末]
Yan Ning of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 1.________(receive) the 2024 L'Oreal UNESCO For Women in Science International Award in Paris on May 28, 2024. Yan Ning, a professor at the School of Life Sciences at Tsinghua University and the founding president of the Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation, is the eighth Chinese scientist 2.________ (win) the award. The 3.________ (award) were aimed at recognizing the women's pioneering research in life and environmental sciences, and in particular their major contribution 4.________ dealing with global public health challenges, including cancer and malaria.
She is also an advocate for gender equality in research and science education. She 5.________(organize) an annual forum for female scientists since 2015, and she has 6.________(gradual) recruited more female principal investigators in the two research institutions she leads—Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation and Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, where more than half of the managers are women.
In her speech, Yan said, “This recognition is not just a testament to my own efforts, but also a celebration of the countless individuals 7.________ have supported and inspired me along this remarkable journey.” “I have 8.________ message for all the girls and everyone watching this: it can be 9.________(challenge) to be a female scientist, but not to the extent that anyone should be stopped. So, be brave, be 10.________(you)！”
Period 3 Grammar and usage
Ⅰ. 1. surrounded; surroundings; surrounding 2. for 3. with; of 4. had considered
5. As 6. of 7. in 8. to
Ⅱ. 1. blown 2. Devoted 3. Left 4. shocked 5. caught 6. spoken 7. gone
8. Impressed
Ⅲ. 1—5 BDABD 6—8 BAC
A
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述随着年龄增长，人们的慢波睡眠时间会越来越短。新研究发现，如果慢波睡眠时间大幅减少，患痴呆症的风险将会大增。
1. B 细节理解题。根据第一段“Loss of slow wave sleep as you age may increase your risk of developing dementia, according to a new study.”可知，慢波睡眠与患痴呆症的风险有关。
2. D 细节理解题。根据第四段中“They studied 346 people with an average age of 69 and completed two overnight sleep studies … up to 17 years after they completed the sleep studies.”可知，研究人员通过做调查的方式得到他们想要的。
3. A 细节理解题。根据最后一段“‘This is an important study yet again showing the impact of quality of sleep on a person's risk of cognitive decline and dementia，’ Isaacson said. ‘It's important to not only pay attention to the total amount of sleep a person gets each night, but also monitor sleep quality as best as possible.’”可知，Richard Isaacson的建议是要多关注睡眠质量。
4. B 文章出处题。根据第一段“Loss of slow wave sleep as you age may increase your risk of developing dementia, according to a new study.”可知，这是与健康有关的研究，所以这篇文章很有可能出现在报纸上的“健康”部分。
B
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了近视的原因、影响以及预防方法。
5. D 细节理解题。根据第二段中“myopia happens when the eyeball grows too long from front to back, making it more oval shaped than round, thus unable to see faraway things clearly”可知，当一个人近视时，眼球会变得更像椭圆形。
6. B 细节理解题。根据第三段中“While our first reaction is to blame the increased use of screens, experts believe the real reason is not that, exactly, but it's related: less time spent outdoors.”可知，专家认为近视的主要原因是户外活动时间减少。
7. A 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Natural light is essential for healthy eye development, says Schwartz. Access to natural light stimulates dopamine, which helps normal growth and development of the eyeball.”可知，自然光对眼睛发展的重要性在于它能刺激多巴胺的产生，帮助眼球的正常生长。
8. C 细节理解题。根据第五段中“people with myopia are at a higher risk of developing eye issues as they age. That's why regular eye examinations are important.”可知，定期眼科检查是为了防止患眼部疾病而不是作为减缓近视率上升的方法。
Ⅳ. 1. received 2. to win 3. awards 4. to 5. has organized 6. gradually 7. who/that 8. a 9. challenging 10. yourself/yourselves
【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了2024年5月28日，中国科学家颜宁在巴黎获得了欧莱雅——联合国教科文组织世界杰出女科学家成就奖。
1. 考查动词时态。空处使用动词做谓语，句中时间状语on May 28, 2024表明动作发生在过去，故使用一般过去时。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句中is为谓语动词，空处使用非谓语动词，此处“the＋序数词＋名词＋to do”为固定结构，应用不定式结构做后置定语。
3. 考查名词复数。空处使用名词做主语，award为可数名词，意为“奖项”，由were可知，此处表示复数意义。
4. 考查介词。contribution to为固定短语，意为“对……的贡献”。
5. 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句中since 2015为现在完成时的时间标志；主语是she，助动词应用has。
6. 考查副词。空处使用副词gradually修饰动词做状语，意为“逐渐地”。
7. 考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中做主语，修饰先行词individuals，为人，故用关系代词that或者who。
8. 考查冠词。句中message为可数名词，此处表示泛指，故使用不定冠词，且message是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，故用a。
9. 考查形容词。空处使用challenge的形容词challenging做表语，意为“有挑战的，困难的”。
10. 考查代词。句中表示“做你自己”或“做你们自己”，故使用you的反身代词yourself或者yourselves，此处既可以表示单数，也可以表示复数。Period 4 Integrated skills
Ⅰ. 单句语境填词，注意词的词性和词形。
1. There are four ________(突出的) candidates.
2. He remained the most popular ________(政治家) in France.
3. It was an ________(事件) that would transform my life.
4. The chairman of the company presented the ________(年度的) report.
5. She develops the ________(主题) more fully in her later books.
6. They ________(装饰) the room with flowers and balloons.
7. Birmingham is hosting this year's trade ________(展销会).
8. Her life had always run ________(平稳地) before.
Ⅱ. 阅读理解。
A[2024宁波慈溪期末]
The Paris Olympics are getting ready to defend against cyberattacks(网络攻击), with the threat possibly coming from criminals.
“We are worried about everything from the broadcasters to the sponsors, transport infrastructures(基础设施) and support, and competitions. Any kind of attack is on_the_table，” said John Hultquist, an analyst at Mandiant Consulting, a US cybersecurity consulting firm.
His concern is reasonable, as cyberattacks are surprisingly common during the Olympic Games. The first cyberattack on the Olympics was in Montreal in 1976. Many events had to be postponed or moved because of the 48 hour electrical disruption. Tokyo Olympics in 2021 reported 450 million cyberattacks—which doubled the number experienced during the 2012 London Olympics.
However, it's important to note that the Paris Olympics will make the first attempt to take heavy advantage of artificial intelligence(AI) in its operation. “AI will have a huge impact on us，” a senior French military official stated. “It will allow us to rearrange data faster and extract key events, which will help fight back.” However, he also warned that there are many enemies and the resources may not be enough to deal with all possible attacks.
These attacks could target gyms, local transportation such as trains and subways, Paris' electricity and water systems, phone networks, and media reporting of the Games. The highest risk involves disruption of infrastructures and broadcasts. Furthermore, attacks could extend beyond the Games with the spread of fake videos about the events. Deepfake videos could be used to distract attention from the reality of particular events.
Hultquist also warned that competition results could be tampered(篡改) with, highlighting the potential for interference(干扰) with cameras, timekeeping devices, and scoreboards. Talking about the importance of data security, he recommended keeping systems isolated(隔离的) and using paper backups for scores to ensure their security.
( ) 1. What does the underlined phrase “on the table” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Ready. B. Harmful. C. Possible. D. Preventable.
( ) 2. Why are many Olympics in the history mentioned in Paragraph 3
A. To give the evidence of Hultquist's worry.
B. To specify the figures of the cyberattacks.
C. To highlight the sharp increase in cyberattacks.
D. To illustrate the bad effect caused by the disruption.
( ) 3. What is the senior French military official's attitude toward the use of AI in the Paris Olympics
A. Curious but opposed. B. Positive and optimistic.
C. Supportive but cautious. D. Uninterested and doubtful.
( ) 4. What are the last two paragraphs mainly about
A. The high risks and their influences.
B. Safety concerns of the event and the solutions.
C. The impact of deepfake videos and related measures.
D. The potential interference and the importance of security.
B[2024丽水发展共同体期中]
“Would you like to go see Rhys and take him for ice cream？” my dad asked. I froze. I love my younger brother, but it had been well over a year and a half since I had been in public with Rhys. The thought made me feel anxious.
Rhys is 14 and was severely diagnosed with a rare genetic mutation(突变) at birth. When I was young, I accompanied my mom or dad to pick him up from his new long term care home at the end of our busy weekends to spend some time with him, normally at our home.
After picking Rhys up and taking the short car trip, we arrived at the ice cream store. I held onto Rhys in his chair while Dad placed our order.
Rhys loves to grab things. He grabbed a woman walking by. I apologized immediately, full of embarrassment.
After getting our ice cream, we sat outside. At this point, I was distressed and just wanted to go home. Dad could tell that I was upset. He silently understood and let me be. But then I saw a father and daughter walking along the plaza toward the ice cream store. The girl's movements seemed strangely familiar. I noticed she was behaving similarly to Rhys.
Watching those two flipped_a_switch for me. I realized I wasn't the only one in this situation: out in public with a family member with special needs. I smiled as I watched the father and daughter just enjoying their day and not focusing on what others thought. They acted just like every other “typical” family. It occurred to me that I shouldn't let what others think about Rhys ruin our time together.
There is so much uncertainty with Rhys' rare genetic mutation. We aren't certain what challenges he will face in the future. With each visit, I notice how much we have both changed, whether it's his little mustache coming in or my growing independence as I move to university. Rhys will always be my brother. We are family. There is no shame in that.
( ) 5. How did the author feel when asked to go out with Rhys in public
A. Worried. B. Excited. C. Surprised. D. Heartbroken.
( ) 6. What behavior of Rhys embarrassed the author in public
A. Shouting loudly. B. Falling off his chair.
C. Grabbing a passerby. D. Holding the author's arm.
( ) 7. What does the underlined phrase “flipped a switch” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean
A. Inspired someone to find joy in life.
B. Made someone see things differently.
C. Helped someone make a quick choice.
D. Provided someone with useful advice.
( ) 8. What might the author do after seeing the father and daughter at the plaza
A. Help Rhys to be more independent.
B. Show Rhys how to act around others.
C. Look for more quiet time alone with Rhys.
D. Ignore others' judgments when with Rhys.
Ⅲ. 七选五。[2024漳州期末]
How to Live a Longer and Healthier Life
We're all going to get old—but what if we could live a longer, happier and healthier life __1__ We've asked some experts to find out the changes that can have the biggest impact on our health, happiness and longevity. Here are the three areas where you can really make a difference.
Socialising
Having friends can be just as important to living longer as giving up smoking. Keep in mind that best friends don't occur overnight. __2__ Therefore, putting time into existing relationships is important. Don't be upset if you don't find a best friend in a short time. Being patient and not expecting too much too soon can be helpful.
What you eat
First, don't eat too much, so you keep a reasonable weight. It's also important to watch your protein. Don't eat too much protein, but you should eat more if you're older to avoid muscle weakness. Another point you need to pay attention to is the intake of salt and sugar, which are mostly found in processed foods. Last, up the plant food. __3__
Move your body
You need to keep your muscle strength. This means that you can get out of a chair easily. Cross your arms and get out of your chair. __4__ If it's only two or three times, do it every day and see if you can build your muscles up. Regular aerobic exercise is also beneficial. Basically it means anything that increases your heart rate and gets your lungs going. For example, when you're going for a newspaper or walking the dog, go at a proper speed. __5__
A. This is where science can help.
B. Aerobic exercise is not for all ages.
C. See how many times you can do it in 30 seconds.
D. That's looking after your heart and also your brain.
E. Five servings of fruit and vegetables a day, if possible.
F. Relationships take time and effort to develop and keep.
G. Just as we need to be socially active, we need to be physically active.
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________
Ⅳ. 应用文写作。[2024济宁期末]
假定你是李华，在上周五的英语课上，你班同学围绕“太空探索的必要性”这一话题展开了讨论。请给你校英文报Voice栏目投稿，内容包括：
1. 讨论的情况；
2. 你的观点。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Exploring Space, Yes or No
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Period 4 Integrated skills
Ⅰ. 1. standout 2. politician 3. event 4. annual
5. theme 6. decorated 7. fair 8. smoothly
Ⅱ.1—5 CACBA 6—8 CBD
A
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了巴黎奥运会正准备防范网络攻击，威胁可能来自犯罪分子。这样的担忧不无道理，因为网络攻击在奥运会期间出人意料地普遍。
1. C 词义猜测题。根据第一段“The Paris Olympics are getting ready to defend against cyberattacks, with the threat possibly coming from criminals.”以及画线词上文“We are worried about everything from the broadcasters to the sponsors, transport infrastructures and support, and competitions.”可知，上文提到他们对一切网络攻击都感到担忧，由此说明任何形式的网络攻击都是可能的。故画线词意思是“可能的”。
2. A 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，提到历史上的许多奥运会是为了给出Hultquist担心的证据。
3. C 观点态度题。根据第四段可知，法国军方高级官员认为在巴黎奥运会上使用人工智能能够帮助更快地重新排列数据并提取关键事件，有利于对网络攻击的反击，但同时由于敌人众多，现有资源可能不足以应对所有潜在的攻击，故可知其持支持但谨慎的态度。
4. B 段落大意题。根据倒数第二段以及最后一段可知，最后两段主要讲的是活动的安全问题及解决方案。
B
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过描述作者和弟弟Rhys去吃冰淇淋的经历，以及在这个过程中作者的情感变化和反思，展示了作者与弟弟之间的亲情以及对于特殊需求家庭成员的理解和接纳。
5. A 细节理解题。根据第一段中“I love my younger brother, but it had been well over a year and a half since I had been in public with Rhys. The thought made me feel anxious.”可知，作者和Rhys已经有一年半多的时间没有在公众场合一起出现过了，这个想法让她感到焦虑。由此可知，当被问及与Rhys一起外出时，作者感到的是发愁。
6. C 细节理解题。根据第四段可知，Rhys喜欢抓东西，他抓住了一个路过的女人，这让作者感到尴尬并立即道歉。由此可知，让作者在公众场合感到尴尬的是Rhys抓住一个路人的行为。
7. B 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“I realized I wasn't the only one in this situation … I shouldn't let what others think about Rhys ruin our time together.”可知，作者看到一对去冰淇淋店的父女时，突然意识到自己和那位父亲一样，都是和有特殊需要的家人一起出现在公众场合。这个场景让她不再苦恼反而微笑起来，认为自己不应为别人的看法而影响家人相处的时间，也就是改变了她看待事物的方式。
8. D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“I realized I wasn't the only one in this situation … I shouldn't let what others think about Rhys ruin our time together.”可知，当作者看到一位父亲和女儿在广场上散步时，她意识到自己和那位父亲一样，都是和有特殊需要的家人一起出现在公众场合。她意识到她不应该让别人的想法影响她和Rhys在一起的时间。由此推知，在看到这对父女后，作者可能会更加关注与Rhys共度的时间，而忽略别人的眼光。
Ⅲ. 1—5 AFECD
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是有关如何活得更长寿、更健康的建议。
1. 根据上文“We're all going to get old—but what if we could live a longer, happier and healthier life？”可知，此处提出问题，该如何活得更久、更快乐、更健康；A项“这就是科学可以提供帮助的地方”对此做出回答，且其中的science与下文的experts相关。
2. 根据上文“Keep in mind that best friends don't occur overnight.”可知，好朋友是需要时间去培养的；结合下文“Therefore, putting time into existing relationships is important.”可知，此处讲述的是如何维护好朋友关系；F项“关系需要时间和精力去培养和维护”进一步阐述上文内容，且与下文的内容为因果关系，符合逻辑，relationships为解题关键信息。
3. 根据本段小标题What you eat可知，本段主要介绍的是饮食相关的建议；根据上文“Last, up the plant food.”可知，此处讲述要多摄入植物性食物；E项“如果可能的话，每天吃五份水果和蔬菜”符合语境。
4. 根据本段小标题Move your body可知，本段介绍的是运动相关的建议；根据上文“Cross your arms and get out of your chair.”可知，此处建议做一个具体的动作；结合下文“If it's only two or three times, do it every day and see if you can build your muscles up.”可知，如果只能做两到三次，建议每天都做，由此可知，空处应与做该动作的情况相关；C项中的it指代上文的动作，且与下文的“it's only two or three times”内容相关，符合语境。
5. 根据上文“Basically it means anything that increases your heart rate and gets your lungs going. For example, when you're going for a newspaper or walking the dog, go at a proper speed.”可知，此处指的是加强有氧运动对心肺的影响；D项“这是在照顾你的心脏和大脑”中的That指代上文go at a proper speed，且your heart与上文提到的your heart rate内容相关，符合语境。
Ⅳ. One possible version：
Exploring_Space,_Yes_or_No
Last Friday witnessed a heated discussion about whether it is necessary to carry out outer space exploration in the English class. Opinions vary from person to person.
Some students are in favor of space exploration, as it is of benefit to many fields concerned, including farming, technology and medicine. However, others argue that its success is achieved at the expense of time, money and lives.
From my point of view, despite the cost, space exploration has brought us a lot, which is far beyond our imagination. Therefore, exploring space should not be a choice but a mission for humans.Period 5 Extended reading(1)
Ⅰ. 话题拓展阅读。
Scientific discoveries have changed people's life a great deal during the past century. First of all, they have greatly improved material well being in several areas of life. In the field of medicine, cures for life threatening diseases have enabled people to live longer. In communication, the telephone and email have made it possible for us to communicate with anyone in the world without leaving our homes or offices.① Advances in transportation allow businessmen to fly across the ocean in the morning and return home the same evening. Space technology has put men on the moon. More efficient ways of using available resources, such as coal and solar power, have been explored.
Scientific discoveries have also changed people's moral atmosphere. Ethical(伦理的) issues are raised by these discoveries. Should we keep a terminally ill person alive through drugs and machines or should we allow him to die in dignity With advances in transportation had come the problem of pollution for nearly every major city in the world. If cities become uninhabitable, then such technical advances may come with too great a price to pay.② Many people also question the wisdom of sending men to the moon when there are urgent problems that have not been solved on Earth.③ During future years, increasing attention must be given to the moral as well as the practical applications of science.
一、 阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
( ) 1. Scientific discoveries have improved people's life in several fields. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage
A. Medicine. B. Communication and transportation.
C. Education. D. Space technology.
( ) 2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A. Scientific discoveries have only changed people's moral atmosphere.
B. Scientific discoveries have only changed people's material well being.
C. Scientific discoveries have helped people find efficient ways of using available resources.
D. Men are sent to the moon because there are urgent problems that have not been solved on Earth.
( ) 3. At the end of the passage the author says that increasing attention must be given to ________．
A. the moral applications of science B. the practical applications of science
C. urgent problems on Earth D. both A and B
( ) 4. What is the best title for the passage
A. Science Discoveries
B. Science and Daily Life
C. Advances in Transportation
D. City Pollution
二、 分析文中加序号句子的结构，在原句上标出基本成分，然后试着在下面横线上写出译文。
1. 译文：________________________________________________________
2. 译文：_________________________________________________________
3. 译文：_________________________________________________________
Ⅱ. 七选五。[2024德州期末]
Keeping a schedule can help you manage your time and be productive. __1__ With a few graffiti(涂鸦) in your planner or tabs on your screen, you can have an efficient plan for the day in no time. Keep reading to learn how to schedule your day and be as productive as possible.
__2__
Think about what you need to do today (or even for the whole week). Put every task or goal on a piece of paper or in a notes app on your phone. Now, you can see everything you need to do for the day in front of you.
Check your planner throughout the day.
Make it a habit to check your planner every morning and night to stay on task and prepare for the day ahead. This way, you can always be on top of the game and know what's to come—it's a great way to stay motivated. Schedule alarms to remind you of certain tasks. __3__
Adjust your schedule as needed.
Although you should try sticking to your schedule as much as possible, things happen, and adjustments may be needed. Don't hesitate to move flexible or low priority items to other time periods. __4__ You're only human. Focus on high priority or timely items, and worry about the rest later.
Reward yourself when you've completed your tasks.
Who says you have to be strict all of the time If you've completed all your tasks for the day, don't hesitate to reward yourself. __5__ It also gives you time to rest and recharge, especially after a busy day.
A. This way, you will not miss a thing.
B. Not everything has to get done in one day.
C. This positive boost is to keep you motivated.
D. Pick a planner to use that meets your daily needs.
E. Write down everything you need to accomplish for the day.
F. Thankfully, making and keeping a schedule isn't hard to do.
G. Keeping some free space in your schedule can help you relax.
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5. ________
Ⅲ. 读后续写。[2024益阳安化两校期末联考]
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
No one is born a winner. People make themselves into winners by their own efforts. I learned this lesson from an experience many years ago. I took the head coaching job at a school in Baxley, Georgia. It was a small school with a weak football program. The school took part in the league matches every year. However, it never ended well. We were more of the audience, watching and cheering instead of sweating out in the fields.
Fortunately, the school held the tradition that the school's old team was to play against the new team at the end of spring practice. For lack of resources, the old team had no coach, and they didn't even practice to prepare for the game.
I was assigned(指派) as the coach of the new team, which was why I was excited. I believed that we were going to win, but to my disappointment, we were defeated. I couldn't believe I had got into such a situation. Thinking hard about it, I tried to figure out the reason and what I should do next.
It didn't take long before I came to realize that my team was depending on me. Without proper guidance or previous experience, my team was at a loss what to do. I had to change my attitude so that I could bring out the best in them about their ability and potential.
I would let my action do the talking. First, I started doing anything I could to help them build a little pride. I could see their spirits lifted, with their head held high in great confidence. Most importantly, I began to treat them like winners. Only when they regarded themselves as winners could they willingly invest time and energy.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
This summer, the other teams enjoyed their vacations. ______________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Six months later, football season started. _________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Period 5 Extended reading(1)
Ⅰ. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学技术发展对人们生活的影响。
一、 1—4 CCDB
1. C 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In the field of medicine … In communication … Advances in transportation … Space technology …”可知，文章主要提及在医学、通信、交通运输和航天技术这几个领域里科技进步对人们生活的影响，没有提到科学技术的发展对教育领域的影响。
2. C 细节理解题。根据第一段中“More efficient ways of using available resources, such as coal and solar power, have been explored.”可知，科技的发展使人们找到了更有效利用资源的方法。
3. D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“During future years, increasing attention must be given to the moral as well as the practical applications of science.”可知，今后，人们必须更加注意科学的道德应用和实际应用。
4. B 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段首句可知，文章主要介绍了科学发展对人们生活的影响，所以B项“科学与日常生活”最适合作为文章的标题。
二、 1. 分析：本句为简单句。整个句子是主谓宾＋宾补结构，其中it为形式宾语，possible是宾语补足语，to communicate with anyone in the world without leaving our homes or offices是真正的宾语。
译文：在通信方面，电话和电子邮件使我们不离开家或办公室就能与世界上任何人交流成为可能。
2. 分析：本句为主从复合句。“If cities become uninhabitable”是条件状语从句，主体部分是主谓宾结构。
译文：如果城市变得不适合居住，那么这样的技术进步带来的是无法承受的代价。
3. 分析：本句为主从复合句。主体部分“Many people also question the wisdom”是主谓宾结构，when引导时间状语从句，that引导定语从句，修饰前面的problems。
译文：许多人还质疑，在地球上有紧迫问题尚未解决的情况下，把人送上月球是否明智。
Ⅱ. 1—5 FEABC
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了制定和保持时间表的方法。
1. 上文“Keeping a schedule can help you manage your time and be productive.”说明制定时间表是有益处的，F项“幸运的是，制定和保持时间表并不难”说明制定时间表并不困难，引出下文制定时间表的简单步骤，故F项符合题意。
2. 下文“Think about what you need to do today (or even for the whole week). Put every task or goal on a piece of paper or in a notes app on your phone.”说明具体做法，将一天甚至一星期需要做的事情写下来，E项“写下你今天需要完成的所有事情”引出下文内容，适合作为段落主题句。
3. 上文“Schedule alarms to remind you of certain tasks.”介绍具体做法，A项“这样，你就不会错过任何事情”说明设定专项任务提醒闹钟的良好结果，符合题意。
4. 上文“Don't hesitate to move flexible or low priority items to other time periods.”说明已经做好的时间表可以根据情况做出调整，B项“并非所有事情都必须在一天内完成”解释上文做法的原因，符合题意。
5. 上文“If you've completed all your tasks for the day, don't hesitate to reward yourself.”说明完成任务之后，可以给自己奖励，C项“这种积极的激励会让你保持动力”承接上文，其中This positive boost指代上文reward yourself，符合题意。
Ⅲ. One possible version：
This_summer,_the_other_teams_enjoyed_their_vacations. We met every day and practiced passing and kicking the football. At first, some complained that even the hardest practice couldn't change the fact that they were the last. What I could do at that time was to accompany them and try to cheer them up. Encouraged by my persistence, the team gathered the spirit of trying again and practiced even harder. Every inch of the field has seen the effort of my team.
Six_months_later,_football_season_started. After suffering our last failure, we won our first game and our second, and continued to improve. Finally, we faced the number one team in the state. I felt that it would be a victory for us even if we lost the game. But my boys thrilled me! From the game I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can influence the members of a team. Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and encouraged them, helping them see themselves differently, and they built themselves into winners. Winners are made, not born.Period 2 Language focus on Reading(2)
Ⅰ. 单句语境填词，注意词的词性和词形。
1. This is a good ________(家用的) appliance.
2. The arrangement of light industry in the ________(省份) needs adjustment.
3. She took a ________(广泛的) view of the duties of being a teacher.
4. These reasons are not ________(充足的) to justify the ban.
5. This article is ________(选录) from his new book.
6. He didn't recognize this kind of medical ________(药草).
7. To ________(说明) my point, let me tell you a story.
8. We had the machine on ________(试用) for a week.
9. Food will last longer if kept in an airtight ________(容器).
10. Scientists have collected more ________(数据) than expected.
Ⅱ. 阅读理解。
A[2024驻马店期末]
From the food ingredients, the placing on the plate to the background music and much more, chefs and companies in the UK are planning to change our dining experiences, and the trends in dining out.
Entomophagy
This is a proper term for eating insects! Numerous people realize that many of our basic food may disappear in the coming decades and insects can offer people good protein to replace animal meats, so they believe insects are a good choice. It hasn't quite happened yet because we all think insects are extremely unpleasant. But, many chefs are already experimenting in the field. A number of top chefs in London are using their cooking creativity to turn something unpleasant into something delicious.
Tech at the Table
Digital products will probably become a common part of our food and drink experiences in the near future. We're going to see things like tablets and computer screens that can tell stories around the food we are eating. We'll be able to change the color of plates digitally, because we know that colors can change the taste of food or make it look better.
The Experimental Meal
The experimental meal is liked by a growing number of people interested in finding new connections between their senses. They think that food is not just what goes into the mouth, but a whole experience. They're seeing dining—music, lighting, staff uniforms, temperature changes—as a whole meal. They are trying to put different things together instead of having dinner and then going to the theater. Why not bring the two together The same goes for cinema and music.
( ) 1. What is the reason for some people to turn to insects for food
A. The better taste of protein from insects.
B. The popularity of some chefs in London.
C. The possibility of main food disappearing.
D. The performance of some chefs' experiments.
( ) 2. Why is the color of plates changed digitally
A. To make the food healthy. B. To make the food attractive.
C. To make the plate funny. D. To make the plate eco friendly.
( ) 3. Why do some people prefer the experimental meal
A. To connect senses in a new way.
B. To bring colorful plates together.
C. To combine food with digital products.
D. To carry out technology experiments.
B[2024浙江山海共富联盟调研]
It is well known that earthquake is one of the most serious natural disasters. Because of its sudden nature, the traditional earthquake prediction method is often difficult to predict it accurately, and has always been a difficult problem in the field of earth science. Recently, artificial intelligence is showing promise in earthquake prediction, challenging the long held belief that it is impossible. Researchers at the University of Texas, Austin, have developed an AI algorithm(算法) that correctly predicted 70% of earthquakes a week in advance during a trial in China and provided accurate strength calculations(强度计算) for the predicted earthquakes.
The research team believes their method succeeded because they used a relatively simple machine learning approach. The AI was provided with a set of statistical features based on the team's knowledge of earthquake physics(地震物理学), and then instructed to train itself using a five year database of earthquake recordings. Once trained, the AI provided its prediction by listening for signs of incoming earthquakes within the background sounds in the Earth.
This work is clearly a milestone in research for AI driven earthquake prediction. “You don't see earthquakes coming，” explains Alexandros Savvaidis, a senior research scientist who leads the Texas Seismological Network Program(TexNet). “It's a matter of milliseconds, and the only thing you can control is how prepared you are. Even with the 70% accuracy, that's a huge result and could help minimize economic and human losses and possibly improve earthquake preparation worldwide.”
While it is unknown whether the same approach will work at other locations, the researchers are confident that their AI algorithm could produce more accurate predictions if used in areas with reliable earthquake tracking networks. The next step is to test artificial intelligence in Texas, since UT's Bureau TexNet has locations and over six years' worth of continuous records, making it an ideal location in 300 earthquakes for these purposes.
Eventually, the researchers hope to combine the system with physics based models. This strategy could prove especially important where data is poor or lacking. “That may be a long way off, but many advances, such as this one, are what moves science forward，” says Scott Tinker, the bureau's director.
( ) 4. What can we infer from the passage
A. AI can predict earthquakes accurately.
B. AI is provided with accurate strength calculations.
C. AI can prevent the potential earthquakes from coming.
D. AI forecasts earthquakes by analyzing background sounds.
( ) 5. What makes Texas a better place to do the follow up tests
A. Building many earthquake stations.
B. Over ten years of continuous records.
C. Reliable earthquake tracking networks.
D. Researcher's confidence in the technology.
( ) 6. What is the author's attitude to the AI algorithm
A. Indifferent. B. Supportive.
C. Disapproving. D. Doubtful.
( ) 7. What's the main idea of the text
A. AI helps reduce possible earthquakes by 70%.
B. AI predicts earthquakes with a certain accuracy.
C. AI algorithm improves earthquake preparation worldwide.
D. AI algorithm produces accurate predictions about earthquakes.
Ⅲ. 连句成文：逐句翻译下列句子，然后增加适当的过渡词语，把它们连接成一篇小短文。
1. 屠呦呦成为首位获得诺贝尔奖的中国女科学家，她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出了贡献。(fight against)
2. 1969年，屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长，这个课题组计划找到疟疾的治疗方法。(a cure for)
3. 在1 600多年前的一篇关于用冷水制备青蒿提取物的文章的启发下，她成功获得可以治疗老鼠疟疾的青蒿提取物。(succeed in)
4. 临床试验可能会推迟，因为他们没有足够的安全数据。(be likely to)
5. 为了加快这一过程并确保其安全性，屠呦呦及其团队自愿先在自己身上试验青蒿提取物。(speed up; volunteer)
6. 屠呦呦及其团队的努力得到了回报。(pay off)
7. 在1972年11月，他们通过反复试验成功地发现了青蒿提取物中最有效的部分青蒿素。(through trial and error)
8. 屠呦呦鼓励科学家们进一步探索传统中医药这座宝库，并将中医药事业提升至更高的水平。(further; raise)
【连句成文】
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Period 2 Language focus on Reading(2)
Ⅰ. 1. household 2. province 3. broad 4. sufficient 5. extracted 6. herb
7. illustrate 8. trial 9. container 10. data
Ⅱ. 1—5 CBADC 6—7 BB
A
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些新的就餐趋势。
1. C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Numerous people realize that many of our basic food may disappear in the coming decades and insects can offer people good protein to replace animal meats, so they believe insects are a good choice.”可知，有些人以昆虫为食的原因是未来几十年内主要食物有消失的可能性。
2. B 细节理解题。根据第三段中“We'll be able to change the color of plates digitally, because we know that colors can change the taste of food or make it look better.”可知，用数字技术改变盘子的颜色是为了使食物有吸引力。
3. A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The experimental meal is liked by a growing number of people interested in finding new connections between their senses.”可知，有些人更喜欢实验餐是为了寻找感官之间的新联系，即以一种新的方式连接感官。
B
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能在地震预测领域的最新进展，德州大学奥斯汀分校的研究团队开发的AI算法能提前一周准确预测70%的地震，并计算出预测地震的强度，为地震预防和减少损失提供了新工具。
4. D 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Once trained, the AI provided its prediction by listening for signs of incoming earthquakes within the background sounds in the Earth.”可知，AI通过分析背景声音来预测地震。
5. C 细节理解题。根据第四段中“the researchers are confident that their AI algorithm could produce more accurate predictions if used in areas with reliable earthquake tracking networks”可知，可靠的地震追踪网络是选择德州作为测试地点的重要因素。
6. B 观点态度题。根据全文内容及第三段中“This work is clearly a milestone in research for AI driven earthquake prediction.”可知，整篇文章在介绍AI预测地震的方法和成效时，使用了正面评价，并对未来进行积极展望，表明作者对AI算法持支持态度。
7. B 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段中“Recently, artificial intelligence is showing promise in earthquake prediction, challenging the long held belief … accurate strength calculations for the predicted earthquakes.”可知，文章主要围绕人工智能在地震预测方面取得的进步展开，特别是提到了德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校研究团队开发的AI算法能够提前一周预测70%的地震并提供强度计算，B项“人工智能以一定的准确性预测地震”准确地概括了文章中心。
Ⅲ. 1. Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria. 2. In 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for malaria. 3. Inspired by an over 1，600 year old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice. 4. However, the trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data. 5. To speed up the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first. 6. Finally, the efforts of Tu and her team paid off. 7. In November 1972, through trial and error, they successfully discovered qinghaosu—the most effective part of the qinghao extract. 8. Tu encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level.Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world
Period 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading(1)
Ⅰ. 话题拓展阅读。
Most of us know about the Nobel Prizes, especially the Nobel Peace Prize, but few of us know anything about the man who set them up.① His name was Alfred Nobel. He was a great scientist and inventor himself. Besides, he had a big business. His business may surprise you. He made and sold explosives. His companies even made and sold weapons. Isn't this something that surprises you The man who made money from weapons should set up the Peace Prize
Though Alfred Nobel had a lot of money from weapons, he hated war. He hoped that there would be no war in the world. He was one of the richest in Europe. When he died in 1896, he left behind him a lot of money and his famous will.② According to his will, most of his money was placed in a fund. He wanted the interest from the fund to be used as prizes every year.③ We know them as the Nobel Prizes. The Nobel Prizes are international. Alfred Nobel wanted the winners to be chosen for their work, not the country they came from.
Alfred Nobel had given his whole life to his studies and work and to the benefits of mankind. He made money all by his own efforts, but he left the world to share his wealth. His inventions and wealth stay with the world forever.
一、 阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
( ) 1. Alfred Nobel wanted to set up the Nobel Peace Prize because ________．
A. he made enough money
B. he hated war
C. he wanted to get more interest from the fund
D. he liked to live in a peaceful world
( ) 2. The Nobel Prizes come from ________．
A. all Alfred Nobel's money in the fund
B. all Alfred Nobel's money in his company
C. all the interest from the fund
D. some of the interest in the fund
( ) 3. Alfred Nobel was a(n) ________ person.
A. interesting B. unselfish C. kind hearted D. poor
( ) 4. Which statement of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. Alfred Nobel set up his companies to sell clothes.
B. Most of Alfred Nobel's money was used for the world wars.
C. The Nobel Prizes are only for some people from some special countries.
D. Alfred Nobel worked hard in his life and saved lots of money for the world to share.
二、 分析文中加序号句子的结构，在原句上标出基本成分，然后试着在下面横线上写出译文。
1. 译文：_________________________________________________________
2. 译文：_________________________________________________________
3. 译文：_________________________________________________________
Ⅱ. 七选五。[2024益阳安化期末]
We youngsters believe that our responsibilities to the country begin only when we enter the workforce. This is because we consider ourselves as helpless to do anything at that time. __1__
Raise awareness of important social issues in the country. The voice of the young can make itself heard in areas like education, pollution and health care. These are issues that directly influence our lives and should be taken notice of by us. __2__
Support the community by actively participating in volunteering. Volunteers are always needed to assist old people's homes and other charity organizations. __3__ Simple things like cleaning the house, entertaining or listening to the elderly, or making voice recordings for the visually disabled are all within our reach and far more significant than shopping or hanging out at shopping malls.
Participate in various activities that promote our environment. Planting new plants and trees to minimize pollution and create a clean environment in which to live. __4__ Using one off materials, such as plastic bags and lunch boxes, also causes a burden to nature. We should avoid these and many other similar behaviors if we want to see a better environment.
__5__ There are many things we cannot do right now, such as influence public policies, but we may prepare ourselves to be ready when the time comes for us to contribute. A significant amount of time and money has been invested in developing us as young leaders of the future, and we must not ignore our responsibilities. In the end, taking on our responsibilities to our society is a big step in helping to improve life in our country.
A. Get well prepared for any possibilities.
B. Invest time and money to ensure a better future.
C. Other efficient strategies include not littering in the streets.
D. As a result, we postpone any duty until we enter the workplace.
E. But we should realize that there are roles we may play at the moment.
F. Thus, by providing our services regularly, we are promoting a caring culture.
G. By showing that we care about our society, we can better ourselves and our country.
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5. ________
Ⅲ. 完形填空。[2024南阳期末]
When I was 11 years old, I went snorkeling(潜水) in the ocean for the first time. That was when I knew that I __1__ to be an oceanic biologist. It was an ambitious(有抱负的) __2__ for an 11 year old, but I knew that it was __3__ if I worked hard.
Since then, I've been __4__ my dream. In high school I took as many science classes as I could. I studied hard and got __5__ grades. I really __6__ what I was studying, for each day I just saw a better version of myself. Though I had to face a tough situation where my parents didn't make a lot of money to support my study, I knew it wasn't __7__ to think I could get a scholarship to a good university. I __8__， and, in four years, I got my undergraduate degree in marine biology. However, I had to __9__ graduate school(研究生院) for a couple of years, but I got an interesting job as a laboratory assistant, so it wasn't so __10__．
Finally, I was __11__ into the graduate program at the university that was my first choice. Now, three years __12__， I am about to __13__ my dream and graduate with my Doctor degree in marine biology! __14__ is possible if you set a goal and work __15__ toward achieving it.
( ) 1. A. agreed B. longed C. felt D. realized
( ) 2. A. goal B. contrast C. appointment D. trait
( ) 3. A. intense B. achievable C. outstanding D. motivated
( ) 4. A. devoting B. raising C. recycling D. pursuing
( ) 5. A. ambitious B. remarkable C. possible D. depressed
( ) 6. A. hated B. enjoyed C. handled D. promoted
( ) 7. A. unrealistic B. unclear C. ultimate D. unusual
( ) 8. A. wasn't B. was C. didn't D. did
( ) 9. A. put up B. put on C. put off D. put out
( )10. A. bad B. good C. fortunate D. boring
( )11. A. appreciated B. claimed C. accepted D. received
( )12. A. latest B. lately C. later D. latter
( )13. A. fulfill B. dominate C. switch D. finish
( )14. A. Everything B. Something C. Anything D. Nothing
( )15. A. hardly B. normally C. sincerely D. diligently
Ⅳ. 语法填空。[2024宁波慈溪期末]
Mankind's desire to explore the universe never fades away. They attach great importance to carrying on space exploration 1.________ the huge risks. The impossible dream of travelling to space was finally realized by some great scientists with 2.________ (determine).
In 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and 3.________(success) orbited around the Earth. In 1961, the first Russian stepped into space. Over eight years later, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, 4.________ (claim) “That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind”. Since then, many more goals 5.________ (achieve). The International Space Station 6.________ the scientists can live and do research in space is a good example to show man's joint efforts and ongoing work.
Though China's space programmes started later than 7.________ of Russia and the US, it has made great progress in a short time. China was the third country 8.________(send) humans into space independently. The Shenzhou series have been launched, performing many important tasks. The completion of the Tiangong Space Station was also 9.________ landmark in China's space development. In spite of the difficulties, the future is bright. More countries will make 10.________(far) studies about other planets and more valuable discoveries.
Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world
Period 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading(1)
Ⅰ. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了诺贝尔奖的创立者阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的生平及其创立诺贝尔奖的原因。
一、 1—4 BCBD
1. B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“… he hated war. He hoped that there would be no war in the world.”可知，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔创立诺贝尔和平奖是因为他讨厌战争。
2. C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“He wanted the interest from the fund to be used as prizes every year.”可知，基金所得的全部利息用于颁发诺贝尔奖。
3. B 推理判断题。根据最后一段以及全文可知，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔将自己的财富留给世人共享，可见他是一个无私的人。
4. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔一生努力工作，将积攒的财富与世人共享。
二、 1. 分析：本句为并列复合句。全句由but连接构成并列句，两分句均为主谓宾结构；第一个分句中含especially引导的插入语，第二个分句中含有定语从句who set them up，修饰the man。
译文：我们大多数人都知道诺贝尔奖，尤其是诺贝尔和平奖，但很少有人知道设立诺贝尔奖的人。
2. 分析：本句为主从复合句。When he died in 1896构成时间状语从句，主句中“he left behind him a lot of money and his famous will”构成主谓宾结构，其中behind him是介词短语做状语。
译文：1896年他去世时，留下了一大笔钱和他那份著名的遗嘱。
3. 分析：本句为简单句。整个句子是主谓宾＋宾补结构。“He wanted the interest from the fund”构成主谓宾结构，to be used as prizes every year是宾语补足语。
译文：他希望基金的利息每年都用作奖金。
Ⅱ. 1—5 EGFCA
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了年轻人进入职场前能为社会承担的责任。
1. 上文“We youngsters believe that our responsibilities to the country begin only when we enter the workforce. This is because we consider ourselves as helpless to do anything at that time.”说明年轻人可能感觉为国家和社会做不出什么贡献，E项“但是我们应该意识到我们现在可能发挥的作用”承接上文，与上文构成转折关系，年轻人并不是做不出什么贡献，年轻人对社会也有用，也有需要承担的责任。
2. 上文“Raise awareness of important social issues in the country. The voice of the young can make itself heard in areas like education, pollution and health care. These are issues that directly influence our lives and should be taken notice of by us.”说明年轻人对社会问题的关心是有作用的，G项“通过展示出我们对社会的关心，我们可以让自己和国家变得更好”承接上文，进一步说明了年轻人关心社会问题的好处。
3. 上文“Support the community by actively participating in volunteering. Volunteers are always needed to assist old people's homes and other charity organizations.”说明了年轻人可以通过积极地参与志愿活动来支持社区。F项“因此，通过定期提供服务，我们促进了人文关怀”承上启下，引出下文对一些力所能及的小事的介绍，其中providing our services与上文中volunteering相呼应。
4. 上文“Participate in various activities that promote our environment. Planting new plants and trees to minimize pollution and create a clean environment in which to live.”说明年轻人可以参加各种活动，创造干净的生活环境，C项“其他有效的策略包括不在街上乱扔垃圾”承接上文，是创造干净环境的一种方法。
5. 下文“There are many things we cannot do right now, such as influence public policies, but we may prepare ourselves to be ready when the time comes for us to contribute.”说明虽然有些事情，年轻人现在不能做，但可以为将来做好准备，A项“为各种可能性做好充分准备”概括本段主要内容，可作为小标题。
Ⅲ. 1—5 BABDB 6—10 BADCA 11—15 CCAAD
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是作者从小就想成为一名海洋生物学家，面对家庭经济条件的限制，作者没有放弃对梦想的追求，而是通过努力学习实现了自己的梦想。
1. agreed同意；longed渴望；felt感觉；realized意识到。根据下文to be an oceanic biologist可知，作者是渴望成为一名海洋生物学家。
2. goal目标；contrast对比；appointment预约；trait特征。根据上文“I __1__ to be an oceanic biologist”可知，作者渴望成为一名海洋生物学家，这是一个目标。
3. intense强烈的；achievable可以实现的；outstanding杰出的；motivated有……动机的。根据下文“if I worked hard”和常识可知，只要努力，是可以实现目标的。
4. devoting奉献；raising提高；recycling回收；pursuing追求。根据下文“In high school I took as many science classes as I could.”可知，作者在学校学习，尽可能多地上科学课，是在追求自己的梦想。
5. ambitious有雄心的；remarkable非凡的；possible可能的；depressed沮丧的。根据上文“I studied hard and got”可知，作者努力学习，所以取得了很好的成绩。
6. hated讨厌；enjoyed喜欢；handled处理；promoted提升。根据下文“for each day I just saw a better version of myself”可知，作者很喜欢自己正在学习的东西。
7. unrealistic不现实的；unclear不清楚的；ultimate最终的；unusual不寻常的。根据上文“each day I just saw a better version of myself”可知，作者每天都能看到更好的自己，所以觉得自己是可能拿到奖学金的，这个想法并不是不切实际的。
8. wasn't不是；was是；didn't不；did的确。根据上文“it wasn't __7__ to think I could get a scholarship to a good university”和下文“and, in four years, I got my undergraduate degree in marine biology”可知，作者后来的确拿到了奖学金，空处用did表强调。
9. put up张贴；put on穿上；put off推迟；put out熄灭。根据下文“but I got an interesting job as a laboratory assistant”可知，作者找了个工作，可见是把读研推迟了。
10. bad糟糕的；good好的；fortunate幸运的；boring无趣的，无聊的。根据上文“I got an interesting job as a laboratory assistant”可知，作者找到了一份有趣的实验室助理工作，所以不算太糟糕。
11. appreciated感激；claimed声称，断言；accepted接受；received收到。根据下文“into the graduate program at the university that was my first choice”可知，作者被大学的研究生项目录取了。
12. latest最新的；lately最近；later后来；latter(刚提及的两者中)后者的。根据上文“I was__11__ into the graduate program at the university that was my first choice. Now, three years”可知，作者被研究生项目录取，所以三年后是要毕业了，three years later意为“三年后”。
13. fulfill实现；dominate在……中占首要地位；switch转变；finish完成。根据下文my dream and graduate with my Doctor degree in marine biology可知，作者即将实现自己的梦想。
14. Everything一切；Something某物；Anything任何东西；Nothing没有什么。根据上文“I am about to __13__ my dream and graduate with my Doctor degree in marine biology！”可知，作者最终实现了自己的梦想，所以作者想说只要努力，一切都是可能的。
15. hardly几乎不；normally正常情况下；sincerely真诚地；diligently勤奋地。根据上文“I studied hard”可知，作者努力学习，最终实现了自己的梦想，所以作者的意思是只要努力、勤奋，一切都是可能的。
Ⅳ. 1. despite 2. determination 3. successfully 4. claiming 5. have been achieved
6. where 7. those 8. to send 9. a 10. further
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类对太空探索的不懈追求，从苏联发射第一颗人造卫星到国际空间站的建立，以及中国航天事业的迅速发展，展现了各国在太空探索领域的重大成就与合作。
1. 考查介词。 空处需要介词despite，表示“尽管存在巨大的风险”，和后面的名词组合在句中做状语。
2. 考查名词。 空处需要名词形式做介词的宾语。determine的名词形式为determination，意为“决心”，且其不可数。
3. 考查副词。空处需要副词successfully修饰动词orbited，表示“成功地”。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词，claim与Neil Armstrong之间为主动关系，用现在分词做伴随状语。
5. 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。 根据时间状语Since then可知，句子用现在完成时，该动词和主语之间为被动关系，所以用现在完成时态的被动语态；主语为复数，助动词用have。
6. 考查定语从句。 空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词The International Space Station，并在从句中做地点状语，应用关系副词where。
7. 考查代词。空处需要使用代词，指代上文提到的space programmes，因为空处代表复数概念，所以用代词those。
8. 考查非谓语动词。 空处需要非谓动词做定语修饰country。因为名词前面有序数词third修饰，所以此处需要动词不定式做后置定语。
9. 考查冠词。landmark为可数名词，空处需要冠词表示泛指，此处指一个里程碑。且landmark为辅音音素开始的单词，所以需要用不定冠词a。
10. 考查形容词的比较级。空处需要形容词比较级further，表示“更进一步的”，与more valuable discoveries相呼应，表达程度上的递进。Period 6 Extended reading(2) & Project
Ⅰ. 阅读理解。
A[2024嘉兴期末]
Humans have been growing food for about 12，000 years, but 50 years ago a civil engineer named Mel Bartholomew figured out a new way to do it that could eliminate a lot of tiring weeding(除草) and watering that went with it. He called it the Square Foot Garden(SFG), and the book he wrote about it sold over 2.5 million copies, becoming the best selling gardening book of all time.
Upon his retirement in 1975, Bartholomew became interested in gardening, but the more he got into it, the more inefficient he found it to be. Gardening had long been practiced in rows, which Bartholomew found to be wasteful, and difficult to work. Using his engineering know how, Bartholomew came up with a method of gardening that could be practiced in a tiny backyard or rooftop, and which required only 10 percent of the water of a row garden.
Bartholomew's view was that traditional gardening with its long rows in between wasted space, water, fertilizer(肥料) and work. In fact, his conclusion was that row gardens took up about 80 percent more space than needed. In order to maximize space, he began using raised beds, divided into a number of 12×12 inch squares, each square marked off with string or wood dividers. Each square was used for a specific vegetable and the plants were closely packed to make less space for weeds, which also accounted for its water and resource efficiency(效率).
The SFG system is popular and reliable, but it has limitations. For instance, it can be expensive to set up, although using recyclable materials to build beds can help. In addition, it doesn't work well in dry climates because raised beds dry out more quickly. But whatever its limitations, SFG has gotten millions of people growing their own food who might otherwise have never known the joy of gardening.
( ) 1. What does the underlined word “eliminate” in Paragraph 1 mean
A. Remove. B. Cause. C. Replace. D. Control.
( ) 2. What kind of person was Mel Bartholomew
A. Careful and patient. B. Friendly and outgoing.
C. Creative and resourceful. D. Responsible and helpful.
( ) 3. Which of the following best describes the advantage of SFG
A. It helps save space. B. It uses less energy.
C. It benefits the environment. D. It works in different climates.
( ) 4. What is the text mainly about
A. A best selling book on gardening.
B. The history of traditional gardening.
C. A gardening method invented by an engineer.
D. The great joy brought by the Square Foot Garden.
B[2024无锡期末]
Most of us can't smell our own breath. If someone bravely informs you your breath smells, believe them, and do something about it.
Your breath can be the first sign that something in your body needs attention. Here are some tips to help you identify the cause, and how to fix it.
Of the many causes of bad breath, 90% come from rotten(腐烂的) smelling bacterial(细菌的) by products inside our mouth. These by products form a series of odours(气味) that can make our breath smell like rotten eggs or human waste.
The largest and most significant odour producing part is our tongue. The back of our tongue is a perfect place for bacteria that feed on dead cells, saliva(唾液) proteins, sinus ooze and fluids from untreated tooth disease. These bacteria can form a furry coat on our tongue that spreads through our breath. The good news is that you can fix this by brushing your tongue when you clean your teeth.
Eating onion and garlic can add a sulphurous(闻起来有硫磺味的) tone to your breath for up to three days, due mainly to food particles left behind. Smoking also causes bad mouth smells to stay.
Hard to reach places in the mouth where the toothbrush just can't seem to clean can act like greenhouses where unhealthy bacteria develop. Spaces in faulty or broken fillings, holes in teeth, gaps in the gums, as well as improperly cleaned dental implants(植入物) all contribute to bad odours. Your dentist can help identify these smell promoting storing places, and fix or clean them.
We all experience morning breath, with some suffering more than others. Morning breath occurs when our saliva flow slows or stops while we sleep. And without saliva to wash, everything seems to stop and the bacteria multiply to give off gassy odours. Other factors that reduce saliva include stress, anxiety, blood pressure reducing medication, drugs, caffeine and alcohol.
This is why it is important to brush your teeth, and use suitable tools such as proper brushes before going to bed.
( ) 5. What is the function of Paragraph 1
A. To share an experience. B. To introduce a topic.
C. To state an opinion. D. To raise a question.
( ) 6. Which part contributes most in producing bad smell
A. Mouth. B. Teeth. C. Tongue. D. Nose.
( ) 7. What shall we do to avoid bad breath
A. Keep off onion and garlic. B. Reduce smoking.
C. Skip meals frequently. D. Drink coffee and alcohol.
( ) 8. What could be the best title of this passage
A. Dirty Tongues Lead to Bad Smell
B. Improper Habits Cause Bad Smell
C. Follow Daily Routine and Avoid Bad Breath
D. Find the Causes of Bad Breath and the Ways to Remove It
Ⅱ. 完形填空。[2024德州期末]
After a three year separation with my best friend, our hearts were filled with the desire to reconnect. We both shared a dream of an exciting adventure in Australia.
As our __1__ unfolded, every moment was filled with a grin on my face. My __2__ was beyond description. And my friend and I __3__ to have a try of the Canyon Swing tandem jump, a breathtaking 60 metre fall that is like bungee jumping(蹦极) yet offers a unique and __4__ experience of staying upright in the harness.
After several failed __5__， we knew it was time to gather our courage. With our throats tightening and hearts thundering, we finally kept our eyes tightly closed to __6__ the edge.
With fear gripping me, I was convinced my heart would __7__ in my chest as we fell quickly towards the jagged rocks below. Our faces__8__， our hair tossing about by the extremely strong wind. The surrounding __9__ and the rocky mountains became a blur of greens and browns as they rushed before our eyes.
The fall felt both __10__ quick and like an endless cinematic masterpiece. For a moment, my mind __11__， and I knew the meaning of meditation(冥想). I was unaware that I had been __12__ the entire time until we flew gracefully at the end of the string, __13__ above the crystal clear water beneath us.
Of course it was full of terror, yet it was also a moment that I realized I had the __14__ of my life. The sense of achievement and the joy of sharing this experience with my best friend made it a __15__ moment that I will cherish forever.
( ) 1. A. search B. holiday C. research D. survey
( ) 2. A. frustration B. calmness C. excitement D. confusion
( ) 3. A. decided B. pretended C. promised D. remembered
( ) 4. A. relevant B. educational C. rich D. thrilling
( ) 5. A. procedures B. approaches C. attempts D. experiments
( ) 6. A. cut in B. hang out C. step off D. climb up
( ) 7. A. break B. sink C. ache D. explode
( ) 8. A. froze B. softened C. brightened D. clouded
( ) 9. A. tourists B. trees C. villages D. birds
( )10. A. rain B. sound C. lightning D. storm
( )11. A. emptied B. wandered C. changed D. restarted
( )12. A. commanding B. complaining C. responding D. screaming
( )13. A. skipping B. slipping C. floating D. swinging
( )14. A. reminder B. time C. peace D. impression
( )15. A. decisive B. brief C. precious D. creative
Ⅲ. 语法填空。[2024张家口期末]
Two old and wealthy brothers made a bet on whether a man could survive a month in London with a million pound banknote. At that moment, they 1.________(spot) a penniless young man—Henry wandering on the pavement. He had gone sailing but was carried out to sea 2.________ landed in Britain by accident. The brothers, 3.________ thought he was the man for it, gave him a million pound banknote in an envelope, just telling him there was some money in it. However, they asked him 4.________(postpone) opening it until two o'clock.
Henry entered a restaurant, 5.________(hesitate) to order at first, but he was so hungry that he ordered a good meal for 6.________(he). Because of his poor appearance, the owner of the restaurant and the waiter served him 7.________ a rude manner. Having waited in 8.________(patient) towards 2 o'clock, he opened the envelope and was surprised to see a million pound banknote. The owner and the waiter were even more surprised to see it. 9.________(eventual), they changed their attitude towards him completely. More interesting 10.________(story) were following.
Period 6 Extended reading(2) & Project
Ⅰ. 1—5 ACACB 6—8 CBD
A
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一位土木工程师想出了一种新的种植粮食方法，并介绍了其优点以及局限性。
1. A 词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中“Each square was used for a specific vegetable and the plants were closely packed to make less space for weeds, which also accounted for its water and resource efficiency.”以及画线词下文a lot of tiring weeding and watering that went with it可知，这种方法减少杂草的生长空间，增加了资源利用，即去除了许多繁琐的除草和浇水工作。故画线词意思是“去除”。
2. C 推理判断题。根据第二、三段可知，土木工程师Mel Bartholomew在退休后尝试种植，在发现传统种植方式的缺点后，运用其专业知识提出了新的SFG种植方式。由此推断，Mel Bartholomew有创造力并且足智多谋。
3. A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“In order to maximize space, he began using raised beds, divided into a number of 12×12 inch squares, each square marked off with string or wood dividers.”可知，SFG有助于节省空间。
4. C 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Humans have been growing food for about 12，000 years, but 50 years ago a civil engineer named Mel Bartholomew figured out a new way to do it that could eliminate a lot of tiring weeding and watering that went with it.”可知，文章主要介绍了一位土木工程师想出了一种新的种植粮食方法，介绍了其优点以及局限性，即这篇文章的主要内容是一位工程师发明的园艺方法。
B
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了口臭的可能原因及解决方法。
5. B 推理判断题。根据第一段和下文内容可知，第一段简要介绍了人们无法闻到自己的口气这一情况，并鼓励读者相信别人，如果被告知自己有口气，要及时处理，从而引入下文口臭的话题和解决方法，并在随后的段落中进一步扩展。所以第一段的功能是引入一个话题。
6. C 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The largest and most significant odour producing part is our tongue.”可知，舌头是导致口臭产生的主要器官。A项容易误选，应注意第三段首句是指大多数口气是由口腔内细菌性副产品导致的。
7. B 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Smoking also causes bad mouth smells to stay.”可知，为了避免口臭，要少抽烟。
8. D 标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第一段“Most of us can't smell our own breath. If someone bravely informs you your breath smells, believe them, and do something about it.”、第二段“Your breath can be the first sign that something in your body needs attention. Here are some tips to help you identify the cause, and how to fix it.”和下文内容可知，文章分析了口臭的可能原因及解决方法。故D项“找出口臭的原因以及消除口臭的方法”能概括文章主要内容，是文章最佳标题。
Ⅱ. 1—5 BCADC 6—10 CDABC 11—15 ADDBC
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和朋友在澳大利亚尝试峡谷摇摆双人跳项目的美好经历及感想。
1. search搜索；holiday假日；research研究；survey民意调查。根据上文“We both shared a dream of an exciting adventure in Australia.”推测，作者和朋友是去澳大利亚度假的。
2. frustration沮丧；calmness平静；excitement激动；confusion困惑。根据上文“every moment was filled with a grin on my face”可知，作者对于这次冒险感到激动。
3. decided决定；pretended假装；promised承诺；remembered记得。根据下文to have a try of the Canyon Swing tandem jump可知，此处指作者和朋友决定尝试一下峡谷摇摆双人跳。
4. relevant有关的；educational教育的；rich富有的；thrilling令人激动的。根据上文like bungee jumping可知，就像蹦极一样，双人跳提供了一种独特而刺激的体验。
5. procedures程序；approaches方法；attempts尝试；experiments实验。根据下文“we knew it was time to gather our courage”可知，下文提到要鼓起勇气，说明之前的尝试失败了。
6. cut in插嘴；hang out闲逛；step off走下；climb up攀登上。根据下文“as we fell quickly towards the jagged rocks below”可知，作者和朋友走下了悬崖，开始了双人跳项目。
7. break打破；sink下沉；ache疼痛；explode爆炸。根据下文“as we fell quickly towards the jagged rocks below”可知，此处指因为迅速坠落而心跳加速，像是要爆炸。
8. froze冻结；softened变柔软；brightened面露喜色；clouded给……蒙上阴影。根据上文“as we fell quickly towards the jagged rocks below”以及下文“our hair tossing about by the extremely strong wind”可知，此处指因为下降速度快，脸僵住了，头发被狂风吹得乱飘。
9. tourists游客；trees树木；villages村庄；birds鸟。根据下文a blur of greens可知，周围是树木。
10. rain雨水；sound声音；lightning闪电；storm风暴。根据上文“as we fell quickly towards the jagged rocks below”可知，坠落的感觉像是闪电一样快速。
11. emptied清空；wandered漫游，漫步；changed改变；restarted重新启动。根据下文“I knew the meaning of meditation”可知，作者的头脑清空了，像是冥想一般。
12. commanding指挥；complaining投诉；responding反应，回应；screaming尖叫。根据下文“it was full of terror”可知，作者因为恐惧而一直尖叫。
13. skipping跳过，蹦蹦跳跳地走；slipping滑动；floating漂浮；swinging摆动。根据上文“we flew gracefully at the end of the string”可知，作者他们在绳子上，所以是在水面上摇摆。
14. reminder提醒物；time时间；peace和平；impression印象。根据下文“The sense of achievement and the joy of sharing this experience with my best friend”可知，作者认为这是和朋友的美好时光。have the time of one's life为固定短语，意为“过得很快乐，玩得痛快”。
15. decisive果断的；brief简短的；precious宝贵的；creative创造性的。根据下文“I will cherish forever”可知，永远珍惜是因为宝贵。
Ⅲ. 1. spotted 2. and 3. who 4. to postpone
5. hesitating 6. himself 7. in 8. patience 9. Eventually 10. stories
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是两个富有的老兄弟打赌一个人是否能仅凭一张百万英镑的钞票在伦敦生活一个月，他们选中了亨利作为对象，亨利走进餐厅消费，店主和服务员看到百万英镑后改变了对他的看法。
1. 考查动词时态。由At that moment可知，句子时态用一般过去时，空处用过去式，spot的过去式是spotted。
2. 考查连词。was carried out to sea和landed之间是并列关系，句子是肯定句，因此用and表并列。
3. 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词brothers是人，因此空处用关系代词who。
4. 考查非谓语动词。ask sb to do sth是固定短语，意为“要求某人做某事”，因此空处用不定式to postpone。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句中谓语是entered，空处用非谓语动词，Henry和hesitate之间是主谓关系，因此空处用现在分词表主动。
6. 考查代词。主语he和宾语he一致，空处用反身代词做宾语，he的反身代词是himself，意为“他自己”。
7. 考查介词。in a … manner是固定短语，意为“以……的方式”，因此空处用介词in。
8. 考查名词。in patience是固定短语，意为“耐心地”。
9. 考查副词。空处用副词做状语，修饰整个句子，eventual的副词是eventually，意为“最后”；位于句首的单词首字母大写。
10. 考查名词复数。story是可数名词，由were可知，空处用复数。
