课件25张PPT。专题一 名词和冠词-2-词汇复习1(根据汉语提示填入以a开头的单词的适当形式,然后背诵情景,熟记以a开头的课标高频词汇。)
【情景】 Some adolescents in some academies (承认)to have been accustomed to the accommodations and its administration.They
(抛弃)all the affairs that can’t be (可得到的) in order to (实现)their ambitions.In (除此之外),they were
(上了瘾的)to taking adventures and advertising.Sometimes they take (优势)of their abundant experience to do some absurd things in the foreign countries,which makes the ambassadors (指责)them of such activities,saying their behavior will (影响) them to accomplish their business and (获得)great achievements.?acknowledged abandoned accessible achieve addition addicted advantage accuse affect acquire -3-译文:一些学院的青年承认,他们已经习惯了大学的住宿与管理。为了实现他们的抱负,他们抛弃一切不可以得到的事情。此外,他们痴迷于冒险和做广告。有时候,他们利用他们丰富的经验,在国外做一些荒唐的事情,这使得大使们指责他们的这些活动,说他们的行为将影响他们完成他们的事业和获得巨大的成就。-4-名冠考查不复杂,前后语境细观察
1.(2015·重庆卷改编)I just heard bank where Dora works was robbed by gunman wearing a mask.? 答案解析-5-2.(2015·浙江卷改编)Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write children’s book for many years,but one thing or another always got in way.? 答案解析-6-3.(2015·四川卷改编)Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven.? 答案解析-7-4.(2015·陕西卷改编) more learned a man is, more modest he usually becomes.? 答案解析-8-5.(2015·江苏卷改编)Some schools will have to make (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.? 答案解析-9-6.(2015·江苏卷改编)—Go and say sorry to your mom,Dave.
—I’d like to,but I’m afraid Mom won’t be happy with my
(apologise).? 答案解析-10-7.(2015·湖北卷改编)When he was running after his brother,the boy lost his
(balanced) and had a bad fall.? 答案解析-11-8.(2015·湖北卷改编)He gave himself a new name to hide his (identify) when he went to carry out the secret task.? 答案解析-12-一二一、名词
1.名词的数
物质名词(如air,money)及抽象名词(如traffic,health)都是不可数名词。
(1)英语中常见的不可数名词有:
homework,work,weather,fun,information,news,advice,furniture等。
(2)有些物质名词表示不同种类时可用复数形式。如:
a variety of fruits;all kinds of fishes
(3)常见的单复数意义不同的名词有:
work(工作),works(作品);value(价值),values(价值观);manner(方式),manners(礼貌);custom(风俗),customs(海关)等。-13-一二(4)有些名词可做可数名词,也可做不可数名词:an experience “一次经历”,experience 为不可数名词时,意为“经验”;a difficulty “一件难事”,difficulty为不可数名词时,意为“困难,辛苦”;a failure “一位失败者/一件失败的事”,failure为不可数名词时,意为“失败”;an honor “引起崇敬的人(事)”,honor 为不可数名词时,意为“荣誉,尊敬”。-14-一二2.名词的所有格
(1)有生命的人或物的所有格一般由名词加-’s构成,几个人共有或几个词作为一个单位时,在最后一个名词后加-’s;若表示各自的所属关系时,各名词的末尾都要加-’s,因此要注意此时主谓一致的区别。如:
Mary’s and Mike’s mothers usually go to the cinema.
玛丽的妈妈和迈克的妈妈通常去电影院。
Mary and Mike’s mother is good at cooking.
玛丽和迈克的妈妈擅长于烹饪。
(2)无生命的事物的所有格一般采用“of+名词”结构。-15-一二3.名词做定语
名词在句子中除可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语外,还可用做定语,做定语时可作以下修饰成分:
(1)说明被修饰的名词是什么原料制成的。如:
金牌gold medal;纸币paper money
(2)说明被修饰的名词的用途、性质。如:
男学生boy student;咖啡杯coffee cup
(3)说明被修饰的名词存在或发生的地点。如:
学校教育school education;乡村生活country life二、冠词
1.不定冠词的用法
(1)不定冠词a(n)表示“某一个”,相当于some。如:
—Could you tell me the way to the Johnson’s,please?
你能告诉我去约翰逊家怎么走吗?
—Sorry,we don’t have a Johnson here in the village.
对不起,这个村庄里没有一个叫约翰逊的人。
(2)不定冠词a(n)用于有形容词修饰的季节、日期前。如:
We had a very cold winter last year.
去年我们度过了一个寒冷的冬天。
(3)“a(n)+序数词”表示“又一,再一”。如:
Can you give me a second chance,please?
请你再给我一次机会好吗?-16-一二-17-一二2.定冠词的用法
(1)用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、表示方位或表示发明物等的名词前。如:
The earth moves around the sun.
地球围绕太阳转。
Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
1876年贝尔发明了电话。
注意:有些物体虽然也是世界上独一无二的,但习惯上却不用冠词。如:
space 太空;nature 自然;man 人类-18-一二(2)形容词比较级前用定冠词表示“两者当中较……的”,而形容词比较级前用不定冠词,表示“再/更……”;most前用定冠词表示“三者或三者以上中最……的”,most前用不定冠词,并无比较含义,相当于very。如:
Which is the larger country,Canada or Australia?
加拿大和澳大利亚,哪个国家更大?
You are the most beautiful girl that I have met.
你是我遇见的最美丽的女孩。
It is a most useful book.(a most useful相当于a very useful)
那是一本非常有用的书。
(3)乐器名称前往往用定冠词。如:
play the piano
play the violin
play the erhu(二胡)-19-一二3.零冠词的使用
(1)在一个人(物)兼多种身份的情况下,只在第一个名词前使用冠词,其他名词前不再使用冠词。如:
a clerk and writer 职员兼作家
(2)称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词做宾语补足语及同位语时,不加冠词。常用的名词有king,president,chairman,monitor,head等。如:
We made Jack monitor of our class.
我们选杰克当我们班的班长。-20-一二三一、用所给词的适当形式或冠词填空
1.He gained his (wealthy)by printing (work)of some famous (write).?
2.You can’t step forward when seeing the (traffic)lights on.?
3.Three (thief)broke into the bank with (knife)and as a result,all the (safe)devices of it were broken and the money inside was all lost.?
4.Suddenly Tom fell into a cave six (foot)deep.Luckily,two
(German)and two (Frenchman)who were passing by pulled him up.?wealth works writers traffic thieves knives safety feet Germans Frenchmen -21-一二三5.Early in the morning,he went to the (butcher)and returned with some
(meat).?
6. young man,while traveling through a desert,came across a spring of
clear water.?
7.—It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 year.?
—Right,he will also get paid by week.?
8.Besides,shopping at this time of the year was not pleasant experience.?
9.It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like
man.?
10.As is known to all, People’s Republic of China is
biggest developing country in the world.?butcher’s meat A / a the a a a the the -22-一二三二、完成句子
1.护士是照料病人的人。
A nurse is a person who the sick.?
2.《哈利·波特》系列丛书很受欢迎,这座城市急需该丛书。
The Harry Potter books are quite popular;they are in this city.?
3.你能理解他说过的话吗?
Can you what he said??
4.他们是无意打碎玻璃的吗?
Did they break the windows ??
5.你应该记住尊重别人是很重要的。
You should that it is important to respect others.?takes care of in great need/demand make sense of by chance/accident keep in mind -23-一二三6.难怪他总是考试不及格。
It’s that he always fails in exams.?
7.无论我失败多少次,我都不会失去信心。
However many times I fail,I will never .?
8.他们相爱已经三年了。
They have with each other for three years.?
9.虽然他在工作方面取得了进步,但他的老板还是解雇了他。
Though he in his work,his boss fired him.?
10.他决定与他的老朋友保持联系。
He has decided to his old friends.?no wonder lose heart been in love made progress keep in touch with -24-一二三三、语法填空
Tom:Sandy,it seems that only half of the students passed 1. final exam.?
Sandy:Really?The exam must have been very difficult this time.
Tom:Well,I’m really 2. (surprise),too.There are many students who definitely shouldn’t have failed.According to Jack,there are eight boys in his class who failed,3. (include)himself and Scott.?
Sandy:Oh!Scott is 4. of the top students in the college.What about his sister,Kate?Did she pass??
Tom:Oh,yes.It seems she 5. (get)good marks.?the surprised including one got -25-一二三Sandy:That’s 6. (absolute)unbelievable.Scott was 7. much better student than his sister,and has been working so hard for the last few months.?
Tom:It seems 8. (fair),doesn’t it?But,from 9. I’ve heard,perhaps he worked too hard.He was ill during the week of the exam.?
Sandy:Oh,I see.These things happen,sometimes.I suppose the teacher will take his illness into account and give him a pass.
Tom:Well,there is a rumor going around that 10. Department Head is leaving.?
Sandy:Because of the bad result,you mean?
Tom:Well,I suppose so.I’m not sure.Maybe Mr.Smith is going to be the new Department Head.absolutely a unfair what the
语法专题特训1 名词和冠词
一、用所给词的适当形式或适当冠词填空
1.Tom is thinking of celebrating the coming birthday of Jane,one of his best (friend).?
2.Microblog,a kind of online diary,covers a wide range of topics ranging from small (day) incidents to major global events.?
3.With the college (enter) examination drawing nearly,how I wish I could have a face-to-face talk with you!?
4.In the new factory all the (equip) was up to date.?
5.You shouldn’t laugh at other people’s religious (believe).?
6.The paper is due next month,and I am working seven days week,often long into night.?
7.Now,years later,this river is one of most outstanding examples of environment.?
8.Marco Polo is said to have sailed on Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in thirteenth century.?
9.Four and half hours of discussion took us up to midnight,and break for cheese,chocolate and tea with sugar.?
10.But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her;it was probably fact that she sat in last row.?
二、单句改错
1.Suddenly,a man riding his motorcycle passed us rapidly,missing Li Dong by several inch.
?
2.I hope all my dream will come true in the near future.
?
3.If you visit a museum,don’t take photos inside the halls.You will find NO PHOTOS signs in many museum.
?
4.Now woman are working as teachers,scientists,and even leaders.
?
5.When tea got popular in Britain,there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits.
?
6.Experts think that a recently discovered painting may be a Picasso.
?
7.In communication,a smile is usually a strong sign of a friendly and a open attitude.
?
8.Dr.Peter Spence,the headmaster of the school,told us,“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”
?
9.If we sit near the front of the bus,we’ll have the better view.
?
10.First impressions are a most lasting.After all,you never get a second chance to make a first impression.
?
三、语法填空
On Thursday Mrs.Clarke locked the door and went to the women’s club as usual.
When she came home she sensed 1. unusual.Had someone got in?The back door and the windows were all locked and there was 2. sign of forced entry.Had anything been taken?She went from room to room checking and 3. (find) her spare camera missing.
The following Thursday she went out at her usual time,but she just took a short walk in a park nearby,came home through the back door and settled down to wait and see what 4. (happen).
It was 4 o’clock 5. the front doorbell rang.Mrs.Clarke was making tea at the time.The bell rang again,and then she heard her letter-box 6. (push) open.Picking up the kettle of boiling water,she moved quietly towards the door.A piece of 7. appeared through the letter-box,and then a hand.8. wire turned and caught around the knob (圆钮)on the door lock.Mrs.Clarke raised the kettle and poured the water 9. the hand.A sharp cry was heard outside as the wire fell to the floor and the hand was 10. (instant) pulled back,which was followed by the sound of running feet.
四、短文改错
Mr.Liu Jin,aging 39,is working in a factory in Shanghai as an chemical engineer.After he graduated from Nanjing University in 1978,he sent to Tokyo University to study chemical engineering.Through her hard work for 4 years,he achieved remarkably results in scientific research.But he received a doctor’s degree in 1982.A Japanese company manager tried hard to invite him to work and promise to give him a good salary but he didn’t receive it.In 1983,he returned back to China without a moment’s hesitation.He has made up his minds to devote all his life to our country.
答案
语法专题特训1 名词和冠词
一、1.friends 2.daily 3.entrance 4.equipment 5.beliefs
6.a;the 7.the 8.the;the 9.a;a 10.the;the
二、1.inch→inches 2.dream→dreams 3.第二个museum→museums 4.woman→women 5.cup→cups 6.第一个a→the 7.去掉open前的a 8.去掉第一个the
9.第三个the→a 10.第一个a→the
三、 【语篇导读】本文讲述了Mrs.Clarke智斗小偷的故事。
1.something 解析:根据句意可知,她到家时感觉到有些不同寻常,用something表示不特定的事。
2.no 解析:由前面说明可知,门窗都锁着,故此处所要表达的是 “没有” 迹象表明是有人强行进入的。
3.found 解析:此处用过去时态,和went并列。
4.would happen 解析:她坐在那儿等着看 “将会发生” 什么事,此处应用过去将来时态。
5.when 解析:此处用when引导时间状语从句。
6.being pushed 解析:根据语境可知,此处用进行时,应用动词-ing做宾语补足语,而push和letter-box之间为被动关系,故应用动词-ing的被动式。
7.wire 解析:根据第8空后的wire可得到暗示。
8.The 解析:此处用the表示特指。
9.over/on 解析:此处说明Mrs.Clarke把水倒到小偷的手上。
10.instantly 解析:此处应用副词修饰pull back。
四、 Mr.Liu Jin, 39,is working in a factory in Shanghai as chemical engineer.After he graduated from Nanjing University in 1978,he sent to Tokyo University to study chemical engineering.Through hard work for 4 years,he achieved results in scientific research. he received a doctor’s degree in 1982.A Japanese company manager tried hard to invite him to work and to give him a good salary but he didn’t it.In 1983,he returned
back
to China without a moment’s hesitation.He has made up his to devote all his life to our country.
