2024-2025学年人教版高中英语必修第三册寒假（期末）复习季《知识清单+阅读理解》专项巩固训练题（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2024-2025学年人教版高中英语必修第三册寒假（期末）复习季《知识清单+阅读理解》专项巩固训练题（含答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2025-01-15 11:06:30 | ||
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2024-2025学年人教版高中英语必修第三册寒假（期末）复习季
《阅读理解》专项巩固训练题
姓名： 考号：
第一部分：知识清单
一．教材词汇及其用法
1.diverse [da v s] adj 不同的;多种多样的 diversity n. 差异(性);不同(点);多样性diversify v. 使多样化 diversely adv. 不同地，各种各样地
The beauty of the world lies in the diversity of its people.世界之美源自人之多样。
Individual diversity will lead to different results in the second language learning
2.fortune [ f t u n]n.机会;运气 fortune cookie 幸运曲奇
Fortune never helps the man whose courage fails.运气永远不会帮助没有勇气的人。
I envied her good fortune我羡慕她的好运气。
(1)make a fortune 发财 have the good fortune to do ... 有幸做……
try one's fortune 碰运气 seek one's fortune 寻找成功致富之路;闯世界
fortunate adj. 幸运的 fortunately adv. 幸运地;吉利地 unfortunately adv. 不幸地
①He_________ by selling houses when young.年轻时，他靠卖房子发了财。
②Many young people want to live in big cities___________ 许多年轻人想生活在大城市里来寻找成功致富之路。
3.gumbo [ g mb ] n. 秋葵汤(用秋葵英做的浓鸡汤或海鲜汤
4.nachos [ n t z] n. [pl]墨西哥玉米片
5.chip [t p] n. (英)炸土豆条;(美)炸薯片;芯片;碎片chips of wood碎木屑
6.cheese [t i z] n.干酪;奶酪a cheese sandwich/salad奶酪三明治 / 色拉
7.spicy [ spa si] adj. 加有香料的;辛辣的The soup tasted mildly spicy. 汤尝起来略有点辣.
8.ethnic [ eθn k] adj. 具有民族特色的;异国风味的;民族的;种族的
9.admit [ d'm t]vi.＆vt.承认vt.准许进入(或加入)I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back in the city again.我得承认，再次回到城里的感觉实在是太棒了。
She stubbornly refuses to admit the truth.
admit...to/into...准许…进人…准许……加人……
be admitted to/into….被……录取；被……接纳:成为……的一员
admit(to)sth.承认某事 admit to sb. that...向某人承认……
admit doing sth./having done sth.承认做了某事
admit(that)...承认……
admission n.[C]承认,招认:[U.C]准许加人;[U]人场费
gain/obtain admission to/into... 获准进人/加人……
[名师点津] admit后跟动词-ing形式 , 但不能跟不定式作宾语。
(1).She apologized to me and admitted________(take) my umbrella by mistake.
(2)She apologized to me and admitted( to) having taken my umbrella by mistake.
(3).News came from the school that Wang Lin ____(admit)to/into Peking University.
10.definitely [ def n tli] adv. 肯定;确实
11.occur[ k (r)] vi. 发生;出现 The earthquake occured in 1906
Cultural differences occur wherever you go.
It occurred to me that I could have the book sent to me
occur—occurred—occurred occurring sth. occur to sb. 被某人想到
It occurs to sb to do sth 某人想到做某事 It occurs/occurred to sb. that…某人想到
(1)A good idea occurred________ me all at once.
(2)___________occurred to/struck/hit her that she should adopt the homeless child.
12.downtown [ da nta n ] adv.在市中心;往市中心work downtown在商业中心区工作
13.mission [ m n] n. 传教(区);重要任务;使命a fact-finding mission核查事实的工作
14.district [ d str kt] n. 地区;区域a school district学区
15.graffiti [ɡr fi ti] n. [pl]涂鸦;胡写乱画
ic[ k m k] n. 连环画杂志;漫画杂志;喜剧演员adj.滑稽的;使人发笑的 The play is both comic and tragic.这部剧既滑稽又悲惨。 I saw the child reading a comic.
17.afterwards ad. 以后;后来
18.head to/for (朝…)前进;(向…)去1). He headed to /for the bus stop.
2). If you work hard and never give up, you will head for success sooner or later.
19.historical [h st r kl] adj. (有关)历史的 主要指历史上发生过或存在过的,侧重强调其真实性. 如：a historical novel 历史小说 a historical character 历史人物
historic 主要指历史上有名或具有历史意义,侧重强调其影响性。如：
a historic character 历史名人a historic building 具有历史意义的建筑
20. seek [si k] (1)vt& vi.寻求,谋求;寻找;v.(向人)请求 (2) vi. 试图,设法
seek--sought--sought的过去式
Over 300,000 people came from all over the world to seek their fortune,
seek (for) sth./sb.寻找某物/某人 过去分词均为
seek...from sb. 向某人请求……
seek one's fortune 外出寻找发财机会,外出闯荡
seek to do sth.(=try to do sth.)试图做某事,设法做某事
seek out 挑选出;物色到
He is a man who likes seeking _________ wealth and power.
(2) He sought_________his friend in the crowd.
21.earn [ n] ( 1) vt& vi.赚得,挣得 (2) v.博得,赢得 To earn a living, some opened up shops and restaurant in Chinatown.为了谋生,有些人在唐人街开起了商店和餐馆。
earn the respect/trust of sb.( = earn sb.'s respect/trust)赢得某人的尊敬/信任
earn money =make money赚钱,挣钱
earn one's/a living(by…)(靠……)谋生相当于 earn a living谋生
earn sb..…. 为某人赢得/博得…… earn sb. a place赢得一席之地
earn fame/a reputation 赢得名声
He____________ by selling newspapers when he was young.他年轻时靠卖报谋生。
22.immigrant [ m ɡr nt] n. (外来)移民;外侨
23.select [s lekt] vt. 选择;挑选;选拔 selection n.挑选；选择 selective adj 选择认真的
I selected a Cantonese restaurant that served its food on beautiful
china plates.我挑了一家粤菜馆,他们端出来的食物是放在精美的瓷盘子上的。
select sb.to do sth.挑选某人做某事 select sb.as...挑选某人担任……
a wide selection of.. 各种各样
(1)York was selected _______the site for the research.
(2)Simon has been selected ____ (go) to attend the conference
24.china n. 瓷;瓷器
25.bar[bɑ (r)] n. 酒吧;小吃店;小馆子We met at a bar
26.diagram [ da ɡr m] n. 简图;图解;图表;示意图
27.journal [ d nl] n. 日志;日记;报纸;刊物
28.claim (1) vt. (灾难、事故等)都走，夺去(生命) (2) v.& n.[C]声称,宣称,断言
(3) v.索要,索取;vt.认领n[C](尤指向公司、政府等)索款,索赔
Over 3,000 lives ere claimed in the 19us San Francisco earthquake and the series of fires that occurred after.在1906年日金山地震和随后发生的一连串的灾灾中，有3000多人丧生
claim (that)….声称…… It is claimed that...据说……
claim to do sth.声称做某事 claim to have done sth.声称做过某事
make a claim 索赔
If the problem is in the goods itself, you may make _____ claim on the supplier.
Several passers-by__________( claim ) to have witnessed the accident.
The car accident__________(claim) five lives so far.
29.series [ s ri z] n. 一系列;连续;接连 series of 一系列或一连串(事件)
30..apart from ( especially NAME aside from 除 了……外(还);此外Apart from being the kingdom of flowers, it is home to many ethnic minority groups.(云南)除了是花的王国以外，还是许多少数民族的居住地。
apart from 相当于 aside from,后接名词、代词或 v-ing 作宾语,apart from
有以下两种含义:
(1)除了……外(还),此外,加之(相当于in addition to,besides 或 as well as)
Apart from its geographical diversity , Canada's many areas reflect the diversity of its residents.
除了其地理上的多样性,加拿大的许多地区还反映了其居民的多样性。
(2)除了……外(都)(相当于except for或but)
We didn't see anyone all day, apart from a couple of kids on the beach.除了海滩上的几个小孩子儿，我们一整天没见到什么人。
(1)_____________them, I had no one to talk to.除了他们，我找不到说话的人。
(2)______________,the composition is fairly good除了一些拼写错误,这篇作文写得很不错。
31.minority [ma n r ti] n. 少数民族;少数派;少数人
32..escape [ ske p] vi..＆vt.逃走;逃脱;避开n.逃跑;逃脱;解脱vt.被忘掉,被忽视,未被注意(不用于被动语态)。通常用物作主语。 After visiting the southern part of Yunnan, I have to admit that it is the best region of China to escape the cold winter. 参观了云南的南部地区后,我不得不承认,它是在中国躲避寒冷冬季的最佳地区。
escape from...从……中逃离 fire escape 太平梯
escape death 死里逃生 narrowly escape doing sth.险些做某事
make one's escape 逃走 have a narrow escape死里逃生
escape one's attention/notice 逃过某人的注意,被某人忽视
No one can escaped _________(punish) if he breaks law.
He __________________during the war. 他在战争中九死一生。
33.bring about 意为"导致,引起”,相当于 cause,lead to 或 result in 等。
What do you think brought about the cultural diversity 你认为是什么导致这种文化的多样性
Science has brought about many changes in our lives.
点拨归纳：
bring along带来,带上 bring down减少,降低;使垮台,使下台
bring back把……送回,归还;恢复;使想起 bring up抚养；培养；养育;提出
bring in介绍;引进;赚钱,获利 bring out 使显现;出版;阐明
[应用融会]
(1)What brought___________ the failure of the business
(2)I'd like to bring ___________ Doctor Hall here and ask him for his views.
34.Atlantic [ t l nt k] adj 大西洋的
35.financial [fa n n l] adj.财政的;财务的;金融的finance n. 财政，金融；资金
36.poetry[ p tri] n. 诗集;诗歌;诗作poem [C] 诗poet 诗人poetry[U]诗集
37.jeans [d i nz n. 牛仔裤
38.boot [bu t] n. 靴子a pair of black leather boots一双黑皮靴
39.mushroom [ m r m] n.蘑菇;go mushrooming采蘑菇
40.poisonous [ p z n s] adj. 引起中毒的;有毒的;分泌毒素的poison n. 毒物;毒药;毒素W.毒死;毒害food poisoning 食物中毒poisonous mushroom 有毒的蘑菇
41.fold [f ld] v.包;裹;折叠vt.＆vi.(可)折小;(可)叠平First，fold the paper in half/in two .首先，把纸对折起来。
42.super [ su p (r)] adv 特别;格外adj，顶好的;超级的
43.collection[k lek n] n.作品集;收集物;收藏品collect vt. 收集
collect stamps/evidence/information/data 收集邮票/证据/ 信息/数据
It is even mentioned in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry. ……它甚至在中国最古老的诗集中也有提及。 Two years ago Tom published a______ of short stories .
44.accessory [ k ses ri] n.配饰;附件;配件
45. souvenir [ su v n (r)] n.纪念物;纪念品a souvenir shop纪念品商店
46. percentage[p sent d ] n.百分率;百分比What percentage of the population is/are overweight 身体超重的人占人口多大的百分比？
47.climate [ kla m t] n.气候a mild/temperate climate温和的 / 暖和的 气候
48. mild [ma ld] ad. 温和的;和善的;轻微的a mild punishment轻微的责罚
49.settle[ setl] vt.＆vi.定居;结束(争论);解决(纠纷Historically, Chinese immigrants settled in the area during the railroad construction and gold rush period.
历史上,在修筑铁路和淘金热时期,来自中国的移民定居于此。
After graduation, they made up their minds to go and settle in the countryside.
毕业后，他们决心到农村安家落户。[点拨归纳]
(1)settle in/into 安顿下来;习惯于;适应 settle down (使)安定;定居
settle down to sth. 着手认真做某事
(2)settlement n. 解决;定居 settler n. 移居者;殖民者
Having settled______ a beautiful village, he settled down__________his research.
With the problem___________(settle),he went home happily.
50.construction [k n str k n]n.建筑;建造;建造物;(句子、短语等的)结构The workers are constructing the bridge damaged by the . , and the bridge under construction connects the road with the town.工人们正在修建被洪水冲毁的桥，正在修建的桥连接着公路和城镇。
construct vt. 建设;修建 (be) under construction=(be)being constructed正在建设中
(1)They are planning to______________.他们正在计划建造一个新的超市。
(2)The new airport under construction lies in the east of the city.
=The new airport______________(construct) lies in the east of the city.
51.material [m t ri l] n. 材料;布料;素材adj.物质的;实际的
52.to name but a few 仅举几例 Lots of our friends are coming: Anne, Ken and George, to name but a few. 我们的很多朋友都来了：安妮、肯和乔治，仅举几个例子。
53.tai chi [ ta 't i ] n. 太极拳
54.clothing [ kl ] n. 衣服;服装
55.herbal[ h bl] adj. 药草的;香草的
56.suit [su t] vt. 适合;满足…需要;相配;合身n.西服;套装 There is Chinese food to suit everyone's taste,with traditional dishes from all over China. 这里有着来自中国各地的传统菜肴，各种口味，应有尽有。
A guest should suit the convenience of the host.客随主便。
(1)suit sth. to sth. 使某物适合于另一事物 (2)suitable adj. 适合的;适宜的;相配的
be suitable for sb./sth. 适合某人/某物 be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
(1)He dressed in____________________。他穿上最好的套装。
(2)He can______________whoever he is with.无论跟谁说话，他都能说到一块儿。
57.at first hand第一手;亲自 I got the information at first hand. 我直接得到情报.
58.item [ a t m] n. 项目;一件商品(或物品);一条(新闻)
Can I pay for each item separately 我能否一件一件地分别付钱？
58.contain [k n te n] vt. 包含;含有;容纳Does the city /town introduction contain all the important information 这座城市城镇的介绍包含所有重要信息吗
The container contains many kinds of fruits, including apples/apples included.
这个容器中盛着各种水果其中包括苹果。
contain oneself 自我克制 container n. 容器
(1)I'm glad to find the book which___________ I need.
我很高兴找到了那本包含我所需要的一切信息的书。
(2)I was so angry that I couldn't_________________.。我太生气了，以至于无法克制自己。
[名师点津]contain指某物装在比其更大的物体内，也指某物中含有某成分，而include指某物为整体的一部分或某一要素。
neat [ni t] adj 极好的;整洁的;整齐的 neat handwriting工整的笔迹
二、句子句型
1.It is likely that Native Americans moved to California at least fifteen thousand years ago.可能至少在15,000年以前美洲土著居民就住在加利福尼亚州了。
[分析点拨]
句中 it is likely that+句子 = sb./sth.be likely to do ...“某人/物可能做……”。
[应用融会] (完成句子/句型转换)
(1)_____________she was watching TV at home last night.
她有可能昨天晚上在家里看电视。
(2)It is likely that you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
→You_________ from bad health if you keep smoking.
如果你继续吸烟,你的身体健康有可能会受到损害。
[拓展发散] 表示“有可能……”的句型还有:
It's probable that ... It's possible that ...
It's possible for sb. to do sth.
(3)It is possible for her to set a world record again.
→It is _________that she will set a world record again.
她有可能会再次创造世界纪录。
2.What do you think brought about the cultural diversity
你认为是什么导致了这种文化的多样性
bring about 意为"导致,引起”,相当于 cause,lead to 或 result in 等。
Science has brought about many changes in our lives.
点拨归纳：
bring along带来,带上 bring down减少,降低;使垮台,使下台
bring back把……送回,归还;恢复;使想起 bring up抚养；培养；养育;提出
bring in介绍;引进;赚钱,获利 bring out 使显现;出版;阐明
(1)What brought___________ the failure of the business
(2)I'd like to bring ___________ Doctor Hall here and ask him for his views.
eventually adv. 最后；终于
eventual adj. 最后的；最终的
intention n. 目的；意图；打算；计划
intend vt. 打算
intended adj. 打算的；计划的
the intended audience 预期的观众
为了；目的是 with the intention/aim/purpose of
打算做某事 intend to do/doing sth
为……打算的 be intended for
e.g. The book is intended for children. 这本书是为儿童写的。
故意地 by intention = by design
apologize vi. 道歉 → apology n. 道歉 → apologetic adj. 道歉的；愧疚的
apologize/make an apology to sb for sth 因某事向某人道歉
owe sb an apology 应向某人道歉
basis n. 基础 → base vt. 以……为基础 → basic adj. 基础的 → basically adv. 基本上；大体上
be based on 以……为基础
on the basis of 在……的基础上
on a regular/daily basis 定期/每天
judge v. 判断；评判 n. 法官；裁判 → judgement n. 判断
Judging by/from... 从...上看；根据...判断
判断是非 judge between right and wrong
人不可貌相 Never judge a book by its cover.
dare vi. & modal v. 胆敢；敢于 → daring adj. 勇敢的；敢于冒险的
敢于做某事 dare (to) do sth
你怎敢？ How dare you
pursue vt. 追求 → pursuit n. 追求
plastic adj. 塑料的 n. 塑料
plastic surgery 整容手术
loan n. 贷款；借款
take out a loan 取得贷款
obligation n. 责任 → obligated adj. 有义务的；有责任的
义务感；责任感 a sense of obligation
patient n. 病人 → patience n. 耐心 → patiently adv. 有耐心地 → impatient adj. 不耐烦的 → impatiently adv. 不耐心地
对……有耐心 be patient with
对...没耐心 have little/no patience with
ignore vt. 忽视 → ignorant adj. 无知的 → ignorance n. 无知；愚昧
out of ignorance 出于无知
scene n. （戏剧或歌剧的）场；现场；场面 → scenery n. 景色 → scenic adj. 风景优美的
在现场 on the scene
在幕后 behind the scenes
sequence n. 顺序；一系列 vt. 按顺序排列
a sequence of 一系列；一连串
The book is a sequence of short stories.
servant n. 仆人 → serve vt. 服务 → service n. 服务
公务员 a public servant
permit vt. 允许 (permitted, permitted, permitting) → permission n. 许可
允许某人做某事 permit sb to do sth
未经许可 without permission
in case 以防（后接句子）
in case of（后接单词或短语）
决不 in no case
这样/那样的话 in this/that case
不管怎样 in any case
这是常有的事 as is often the case
beyond adv. & prep. 在……之外；超过
mining n. 矿业 → mine n. 矿 → miner n. 矿工
option n. 选择 → optional adj. 可选择的 → opt vi. 挑选
别无选择只能做 have no option/choice but to do sth
to be honest 说实话 → honest adj. 诚实的 → dishonest adj. 不诚实的 → honesty n. 诚实
= to be frank = honestly speaking = frankly speaking = to tell you the truth
确切地说 to be exact
in return 作为回报
in case 以防
in turn 轮流；反过来
in need 在危难中
dinosaur n. 恐龙
sort n. 种类 vt. 整理；把...分类
稍微；有点 sort of = kind of
各种各样的 all sorts of = all kinds of = a variety of = a diversity of
整理；挑出 sort out
extent n. 程度
在某种程度上 to some extent
在一定程度上 to a certain extent
在很大程度上 to a great extent
indicate vt. 表明 → indication n. 表明
sail v. （船）航行；（人）乘船航行 → sailing n. 航海；航行 → sailor n. 水手；海员
hesitate vi. 犹豫 → hesitation n. 犹豫 → hesitant adj. 犹豫的
对……犹豫不决 hesitate about sth
不情愿做某事 hesitate to do sth
If you need more information, don’t hesitate to contact me.
毫不犹豫 without hesitation
clerk n. 职员；文书；店员
external adj. 外部的 → internal adj. 内部的
saying n. 言语；格言；警句
stair n. 楼梯；梯级
downstairs adv. 顺楼梯而下；在楼下；往楼下
upstairs （反）
beneath adv. & prep. 在...下面；在...表面之下
affect vt. 影响
plot n. 故事情节；布局；阴谋
maintain vt. 维持 → maintenance n. 维护 → maintainer n. 维修工
hug vt. & n. 拥抱（hugged, hugged, hugging）
拥抱某人 hug sb = give sb a hug
as a matter of fact 事实上 = in fact = actually = in reality
consulate 领事馆
broad adj. 宽阔的；广阔的；广泛的 → broaden vt. 使变宽 → broadly adv. 大体上 → abroad adv. 在国外
board vt. 上船（火车；飞机等） n. 木板；董事会 → aboard adv. 在船（火车；飞机）上
ambassador n. 大使；使节；代表
upper-class adj. 上流社会的；上等阶层的
upper adj. 上面的；上层的
上流社会；上等阶层 the upper class
第二部分：阅读实战
阅读理解
Rich, heavy food is a major part of the end of the year holidays in the United States. People in the U.S. celebrate Thanksgiving on the third Thursday of November. People around the world celebrate Christmas on December 25. Both holidays involve (包含) traditions of cooking very large meals. The food at these meals usually has lots of sugar, salt, and butter in it. Turkey and pie are some of the most common foods in these holidays.
Terri Price has hosted a holiday party on the last Saturday before every Christmas for 30 years. It started when her children were very, very small. She has been preparing many of the dishes for most of the 30 years.
But over time, some traditions do change. The Neveldines are a family who hope to be healthier by changing what they eat. Mick Fury, the Neveldine's oldest child, said this change is important during the holidays and the rest of the year, too.
Mick and his wife, Michelle, try to eat only organic food. Organic food is any plant or animal food product made without the use of unnatural chemicals or processes. But, Mick is not the only Neveldine who changed their diet. Felicia Neveldine, Mick's sister, decided nine years ago to become avegan. A vegan is a person who does not eat or use animal products of any kind.
Felicia became a vegan because of her concern for the treatment of animals and the environmental effects of animal farming. She said that her change in diet also improved her health.
Choosing these special diets means the Neveldines choose their foods carefully. Mick grows a garden behind his house where he gets fresh vegetables.
Holiday traditions may not change, but the way these traditions happen just might.
1．What does paragraph I mainly tell us
A．The end-of-year holidays is vital.
B．Heavy food is rich in nutrition.
C．Cooking large meals is a tradition in USA.
D．Heavy food is popular in holidays for Americans.
2．What do we learn about the Neveldines' holiday diets
A．They have turned healthier.
B．They have given up the tradition.
C．They have remained the same.
D．They have grown unhealthy.
3．What does the underlined word "vegan" in paragraph 4 mean
A．sportsman. B．vegetarian. C．dieter. D．volunteer.
4．What may be the author's attitude to traditional heavy food in holidays
A．Favorable. B．Critical. C．Objective. D．Unclear.
阅读理解
Food acts as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning，and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural and urban areas within one country.
Sharing bread，whether during a special occasion or at the family dinner table，is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread，so this tradition has its roots in the custom of sharing bread.
Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States，pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity（兴旺） in the New Year. In Greece， people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake，which signifies success in the New Year for the person who receives it.
Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child，and food can play a significant role. In China，when a baby is one month old，families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures，round foods such as grapes，bread，and mooncakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.
Nutrition is necessary for life，so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.
5．What can we know about sharing bread
A．It indicates there is not enough food.
B．It can help to strengthen unity.
C．It is a custom unique to rural areas.
D．It has its roots in wedding celebrations.
6．What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year
A．Money. B．Success. C．Luck. D．Togetherness.
7．How does the author explain the role of food in celebrations
A．By using examples. B．By making comparisons.
C．By analyzing causes. D．By describing processes.
8．What's the writer's purpose in writing the passage
A．To show the role of food in ceremonies.
B．To persuade the readers to share bread with others.
C．To tell the specific meaning of food.
D．To introduce the importance of food in culture to readers.
阅读理解
Confucius, a famous teacher, was a politician and philosopher who lived in the Spring and Autumn Period in China. During his lifetime, he planted the seeds for China's transformation by teaching thousands of people. Therefore, he is thought to be one of the world's greatest teachers today.
Confucius grew up in a poor family. As he grew up, Confucius worked to help his mother earn money. When he wasn't working, he would read. His favorite thing to do was to learn. His mother saw this and did her best to help him learn. One day, rich families noticed how smart he was and offered him jobs of counting their money and tending to their crops.
Confucius did this until he was 30 years old, but he always wanted to do more. He didn't like the way rulers treated their subjects. He wanted to find a way to help people who were less fortunate than he was. Later, he founded the philosophy "Confucianism". Confucianism states that by educating yourself, loving your family, and respecting tradition you could become a better person. Confucius believed a person could achieve these things by practicing self-discipline. In the majority of his life, Confucius traveled and taught the people of China about self-discipline and the importance of education. He even opened China's first school to teach both the poor and the wealthy as equals. Today, Confucius is celebrated all over the world for his philosophy of education, equality, and peace over war, money, and injustice.
9．What can we know about Confucius from the passage
A．He was once a farmer guiding people farming.
B．He was born into a politician family.
C．He once acted as a math teacher.
D．He devoted himself to social change.
10．What does the underlined word "subjects" in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Themes. B．Courses. C．Peoples. D．Tests.
11．According to the author, why did Confucius open China's first school
A．To teach both the poor and the rich.
B．To become famous among China's lower classes.
C．To be accepted by the rulers of China.
D．To be celebrated all over the world.
12．What is the writer's attitude towards Confucianism
A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Disappointed. D．Uncertain.
阅读理解
Herman Melvile, the writer of the famous whale story Moby Dick, once wrote that humpback whales were "the most lighthearted of all the whales." Known to be intelligent animals and can be seen working together to hunt schools of small fish, humpbacks are a favorite of whale watchers everywhere. And, if you listen closely, you might even hear one singing.
Marine (海洋) biologist Jim Darling has studied the songs of humpback whales for more than 25 years. While recording whale songs on a boat near Hawaii, he invited author Douglas Chadwick to experience diving with a humpback. In the water, Chadwick heard the whale's songs in a way he never heard them before. "Suddenly, I no longer heard the whale's voice in my ears," he said. "I felt it inside my head and bones." When swimming with the whale, Chadwick could see that the whale was aware of him, but not alarmed by his presence. Up in the boat, Darling recorded the whale's song, which can be long and complex, sometimes lasting for 30 minutes or more. Actually, they are perhaps the longest songs sung by any animal.
Darling says that only male humpbacks sing, but for unknown reasons, it was previously thought that they sang to attract females, but scientists showed this was incorrect when they played recordings of whale songs in the ocean and the female whales did not respond. Another idea is that male humpbacks compete with each other using songs, just as other male animals on land do using their horns or sharp teeth.
Researchers have also found that humpback whale songs are different in different parts of the world, perhaps like whale national songs. They may also be like hit tunes on the radio, changing over time—from one year to the next, or even over a single breeding season when they produce young.
Another member of the research team, photographer Flip Nicklin, recalls a special moment he had while interacting with a humpback. While he was snorkeling(潜水) some distance from the huge animal, it approached him until it was just a few metres away. It then gently carried Nicklin towards its eye with a flipper(鳍肢), as if examine him. Obviously, the urge to understand a different species goes both ways.
13．What is this passage mainly about
A．How to record the humpbacks in the ocean.
B．How humpbacks communicate with people.
C．Humpback songs and what they might mean.
D．the career of a man who is interested in humpbacks.
14．When the scientists played songs in the ocean, ________.
A．the songs attracted fish
B．no female whales came
C．male whales became angry
D．male and female whales came together
15．What is NOT true about humpback whales
A．Their songs are short and simple.
B．Only male humpback whales sing.
C．Humpback whales are very friendly.
D．They are popular with whale watchers.
16．What do Chadwick and Nicklin have in common
A．They were afraid of whales.
B．They swam with the whales.
C．Their jobs are to take photos of the whales.
D．They are marine biologists studying whales.
阅读理解
Chris just found some good information on the Web for his science report about sharks. He marks a paragraph in red which explains that most sharks can't hurt people. Chris copies it and pastes it into his report before continuing his research. Uh-oh. Chris just made a big mistake. Do you know what he did He committed plagiarism （剽窃）which is not allowed in school，college.
The word plagiarism comes from a Latin word for kidnapping（绑架）. You know that kidnapping is stealing a person. Well，plagiarism is stealing a person's ideas or writing. You wouldn't take someone's lunch money or bike，right Well，someone's words and thoughts are personal property，too.
Chris should have given credit to the author and the website for the information. Why Because Chris didn't know the information before he came to the website. These aren't his thoughts or ideas. He should have written down the author，the title，and the date it was published. Then he could have added it to the end of his report.
Plagiarism is a form of cheating. However，it's not always easy to tell what is plagiarism and what is not. Sometimes，it's done by accident—you really intended to do your own work，but ended up with some sentences that sound just like something you've read. If you don't tell readers where they come from，you're risking a lot of trouble. But it's sometimes done on purpose and that's just being lazy. By copying whole paragraphs from different places，a kid doesn't have to spend the time thinking about the subject，gathering his or her own thoughts about it.
So even if you put the information into your own words，you still should list the source. Ask yourself，"would I know this if I hadn't read it on that website or in that book " If the answer is no，list the source.
17．What's the writer's purpose by mentioning Chris's story
A．To tell readers how to do a report.
B．To show where to get information.
C．To point out the reason for plagiarism.
D．To introduce the topic of the passage.
18．Which of the following is considered to be plagiarism
A．Taking away Teresa's bike. B．Writing about an accident.
C．Retelling an interesting story. D．Using Tim's research as your own.
19．What does the underlined part"give credit to"probably mean
A．Make public. B．Write down.
C．Become famous. D．Search for.
20．What is the best title for the passage
A．How to Avoid Plagiarism B．Look Out for Plagiarism
C．Committing Plagiarism D．Plagiarism：Being Lazy
阅读理解
A UK charity has helped rescue two baby orangutans (猩猩) who were found by the police in West Borneo caged and ready to be sold through social media to illegal buyers. A man was arrested for the illegal deals of wildlife both directly and by using online social media sites. The two orangutans, a one-year-old male and an eight-month-old female, who were discovered in tiny cages are now in the care of International Animal Rescue (IAR) at its centre in Ketapang, Borneo.
A spokeswoman for the charity based in Uckfield, East Sussex, said,"The general condition of the two orangutans is fair, although both are in the state of being in extreme danger and needing urgent help. One of them is rocking back and forth—this is an abnormal behaviour presented by animals in extremely stressful conditions."
David Muhammad, head of the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry, said the orangutans were captured by a hunter in Sintang, Indonesia, and collected by the arrested man who was selling them for about ￡175. Orangutans in Borneo have experienced rapid declines of up to 60% in the last 50 years, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The Bornean orangutan is now declared "critically endangered" as forests shrink. The two new arrivals bring the total number of orangutans in IAR's centre in Ketapang to 111.
Karmele Llano Sanchez, programme director of IAR Indonesia, said, "Having such a large number of orangutans undergoing rehabilitation(康复), with more having to be rescued, makes it harder and harder to find safe places where we can release them. If we do not address the root cause of the problem, we will never stop the decline of orangutans in the wild."
21．What can we know about the two baby orangutans from paragraph 1
A．A charity was the first to find them.
B．The police caged them for safety.
C．They are actually baby twins.
D．They are being well looked after.
22．Why is one of the two baby orangutans rocking back and forth
A．It is cheering at its winning freedom again.
B．It is celebrating its good health condition.
C．Extreme stress tends to make it rock repeatedly.
D．It shows that they need immediate medical care.
23．What causes Bornean orangutans endangered according to paragraph 3
A．Illegal hunting. B．Decreasing forests.
C．Wildlife trade. D．Forest conservation.
24．What may be the root cause of the decline of orangutans in the wild
A．Orangutans have no more safe place to live in.
B．A number of orangutans have not been set free.
C．Lots of orangutans are waiting for urgent rescue.
D．The decline of orangutans is clearly unavoidable.
阅读理解
It's true that quite a few most respected scientific authorities have confirmed that the world is becoming hotter and hotter. There's also strong evidence that humans are contributing to the warming. Countless recent reports have proved the same thing. For instance, a summary of the climate science made by the Royal Society notes, "Global warming over the last half-century has been caused mainly by human activities."
You may not believe that humans could change the planet's climate, and the basic science is well understood. Each year, billions of tons of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere because of human activities. As has been known for years, these gases hold heat that would otherwise escape to space, wrapping the planet in an invisible blanket.
Of course, the Earth's climate has always been changing due to natural factors such as volcanic eruptions or changes in solar system, or cycles concerning the Earth's going around the sun. According to the scientific research, however, the warming observed by now matches the pattern of warming we would expect from a build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere—not the warming we would expect from other possible causes.
Even if scientists have discovered another reasonable explanation for the warming recorded so far, that would give birth to a difficult question. As Robert Henson puts it,"If some newly discovered factors are to blame for the climate change, then why aren't carbon dioxide and the other green-house gases producing the warming that basic physics tells us they should be "
The only way to prove with 100% certainty that humans are responsible for global warming would be to run an experiment with two identical Earths—one with human influence and one without. That obviously isn't possible, so most scientists are careful not to state human influence as an absolute certainty.
25．How many natural factors causing global warming are mentioned in the text
A．1. B．2. C．3. D．4.
26．How does the text develop
A．By giving typical examples. B．By following the order of space.
C．By analysing a theory and arguing it. D．By comparing and finding differences.
27．What does the underlined word "identical" in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Totally different. B．Exactly the same.
C．Extremely important. D．Partly independent.
28．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Are All the Scientists Really Scientific
B．Where Is Global Warming Leading Us to
C．Are Humans Definitely Causing Global Warming
D．What's the Relation Between Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases
阅读理解
If you live in Shanghai, you might have to take a "lesson" in sorting garbage, as the city introduced new garbage-sorting regulations.
It's now required that people should sort garbage into four categories, namely recyclable, harmful, dry and wet waste. However, if people fail to sort their garbage properly, they can be fined up to 200 yuan.
More cities are introducing similar regulations, following the practice in Shanghai. By the end of 2020, garbage-sorting systems had been built in 46 major Chinese cities, including Beijing and Shenzhen, reported People'sDaily.
According to a study by the Policy Research Centre for Environment and Economy, under the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, over 90 percent of the public believe that garbage sorting is important for the protection of the environment.
However, garbage sorting is still a big problem in China. Only 30 percent of participants said they think they are adequately sorting their trash, the study noted.
According to Xinhua News Agency, it's partly because many people lack the willingness to sort their own waste. In the past, some previous garbage regulations didn't give clear fines for people who failed to sort garbage.
"It's a must to have a legal guarantee to promote garbage sorting," a professor from Tsinghua University told ChinaDaily. A researcher of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, told ChinaDaily that the importance of the new regulations in Shanghai is to change the past voluntary action into compulsory action for everyone.
Aside from China, many other foreign countries have also introduced garbage-sorting regulations. In Japan, waste sorting has become a basic survival skill, reported Xinhua. There is a fixed time for disposal of each kind of garbage and littering can result in high fines and even jail time.
In Germany too, people are asked to sort waste into specific categories, reported HuffPost. For example, in Berlin, people have yellow bins for plastic and metals and blue bins for paper and cardboard.
29．What do we know about garbage sorting in Shanghai
A．People should put their garbage into two categories.
B．It sets an example for many other cities in China.
C．People will be fined 200 yuan each time they break the regulations.
D．Shanghai is the first city to introduce garbage-sorting regulations in China.
30．What is the current situation of garbage sorting in China
A．Some people can properly sort their garbage.
B．Few people know the importance of garbage sorting.
C．People have been sorting their garbage adequately.
D．China's garbage-sorting problem is the most serious in the world.
31．What does the text mainly talk about
A．Why garbage sorting is important. B．How other countries sort garbage.
C．Garbage sorting has started in China. D．The world's garbage problem is becoming worse.
阅读理解
Following are this week (November 15-21)'s best home entertainment programs: from Sorry for Your Loss to The Cry!
Dancing Queen
Considering how many outstanding dancing queens appear on RuPaul's Drag Race each season, it's strange that so few have been given their own series. Correcting that is this reality show centred on a dance studio for teen girls run by Justin Johnson, AKA season five queen Alyssa Edwards. Expect battles with pushy mums and exciting moments for Johnson's beginners.
Tuesday 16 November, 8pm, Netflix
The Cry
Following Bodyguard in BBC One's Sunday evening drama slot (栏目) is a tall order for any show. That honour has fallen to this new drama starring Jenna Coleman as a new mother whose trip to Australia ends in a disastrous tragedy. Trauma (创伤) and truth follow.
Friday 19 November, 9pm, BBC One
The Apprentice
Some of Alan Sugar's early Apprentices must be approaching retirement age by now. But never fear, it seems there's always a lot of business people willing to compete for the chance to win a working lifetime of it.
Sunday 21 November, 8pm, ITV
Sorry for Your Loss
You read that right: Facebook enters peak-era TV with this Elizabeth Olsen-starring comedy about a woman dealing with her husband's passing away. As that introduction suggests, it's tightly written with strong twists and turns from Olsen and The Last Jedi's Kelly Marie Tran as her sister. Plus, in keeping with this week's Guide, all of it is free!
Monday 15 November, 9pm, Facebook Watch
32．If you are a big fan of Jenna Coleman, you can watch ____.
A．Sorry for Your Loss B．The Cry
C．The Apprentice D．Dancing Queen
33．Which channel will you turn to if you only have time on November 21
A．Netflix. B．ITV.
C．BBC One. D．Facebook Watch.
34．Which word can probably be used to describe Sorry for Your Loss
A．Interesting. B．Encouraging. C．Educational. D．Frightening.
阅读理解
If you're after a quick snap, if you're out and about, here are a few brilliant instant cameras to choose from.
Instax Mini 12
Made by Fujifilm, the Instax Mini-series of cameras is ideal for taking quick snaps and getting high-quality credited card sized photos. The Mini come with built-in flash, a close-up lens and selfie lens for taking those perfect shots. The camera comes in a range of bright colors, including sky blue and clay white.
Polaroid Go
Famous for their cameras, Polaroid still makes instant cameras in the modern day, with a classic look. The Go comes with autofocus as well as a self-timer for effectively capturing the moment and producing quality Polaroid photographs for you to keep. It also comes in a range of funky colors, if all black or white isn't your preference.
Instax Mini Evo
The Mini Evo combined camera and printer is a compact device with a 28mm lens that's capable of letting you review and edit photos before printing them. Also featured is a back 2.7-inch LCD screen for viewing what you're shooting and the ability to print from your phone via Bluetooth.
Instax Mini 40
Coming just in a single but vintage black design, the Insax Mini 40 is a solid option for quick instant snaps, with a one-touch selfie mode and a more traditional looking camera, fixed with a 60mm lens. It's also small enough to fit comfortably in your burn bag or pocket to take a quick snap if you're out and about.
35．What do Instax Mini 12 and Polaroid Go have in common
A．Both have selfie lens. B．Both have optional colors.
C．Both are in small size. D．Both have a classic look
36．If you wish to print photos in your smartphone through a camera, which ____ model is suitable
A．Instax Mini 12. B．Polaroid Go.
C．Instax Mini Evo. D．Instax Mini 40
37．What is the unique feature of Instax Mini 40
A．The built-in flash. B．The photo-editing function.
C．The autofocus function. D．The single black design.
阅读理解
Television's favorite red-headed female characters
There are many incredible female characters on television，but perhaps the most impressive are the redheads. Here is a list of some popular red-headed characters and the actresses who played them.
Sophie Turner as Sansa Stark on Game of Thrones
Sansa started out as an innocent child，but over the seasons，she grew to become a strong woman and eventually the Queen in the North. As the character grew，so did the red hair，and by the last season，Sansa's hair reached all the way to her waist.
Christina Hendricks as Joan Holloway on Mad Men
Joan mostly wore her short hair up，but when she was going to parties，she would let down the red curls to frame her face. Joan exercised power as she rose in the ad company from head secretary through the ranks to one of the top people there，breaking the glass ceiling of the boys' club.
Rose Leslie as Ygritte on Game of Thrones
As another actress on Game of Thrones，Leslie played the warrior Ygritte. With her beautiful red hair，she was loved by Jon Snow （Kit Harington）. While Ygritte was killed in Season 4，Harington and Leslie's love story began and lived on as the couple married in 2018.
Kate Walsh as Addison Montgomery on Grey's Anatomy and Private Practice
This red-headed doctor was so successful on Grey's Anatomy that the broadcasting company gave her a spin-off series called Private Practice，where the character finally achieved success in love and career. While Addison's hair was often put up into a cap during surgery，when she let it down，her beauty was striking.
38．According to the text，which of the following female characters got promoted
A．Ygritte. B．Sansa Stark.
C．Joan Holloway. D．Addison Montgomery.
39．What is special about Rose Leslie
A．She is a warrior.
B．She was killed in 2018.
C．She is famous for her red hair.
D．She met her future husband when filming a TV series.
40．According to the text，what did Sansa Stark and Addison Montgomery have in common
A．They were both doctors. B．They were both innocent.
C．They both achieved personal growth. D．They both gained money and power.
阅读理解
Think of London and you will probably remember the bright red double－decker buses. Think of Thailand's capital city, Bangkok, and the noisy tuk－tuks may come to mind. Think of San Francisco and you might see the city's cable cars.
Imagining what these cities would look like without those is difficult. They are symbols of these cities that make them different. However, these city symbols are not always so well loved by their city leaders. City leaders want what is best for their city, which often means the most modern transport.
In Bangkok, city leaders have banned (禁止) tuk－tuks because they consider them noisy and polluting. However, the ban has largely been unsuccessful as it has not changed Thai people's love for the cheap tuk－tuks over taxis.
In London the city's first ever mayor (市长) removed the red double－decker buses, which he thought were old fashioned. His plan worked, but Londoners were unhappy to lose the nice old buses they believed represented the best of their city. They made their unhappiness felt when the mayor came up for re－election. Most Londoners voted for his competitor, who promised to bring the bus back.
As for San Francisco, several cable cars are still in use but mainly as tourist attractions. They are too slow to be used for anything other than scenic trips.
City transport symbols may have a place in their city people's hearts, but it seems they are increasingly out of step with the modern world. As Londoners have proved, their continued life depends on people's willingness to fight for their survival.
41．What's the author's purpose of writing the first paragraph
A．To introduce some city transport symbols.
B．To explain why some cities are popular.
C．To talk about modern transport in some cities.
D．To attract more tourists to visit some cities.
42．The London double－decker bus is returning mainly because ________.
A．the new mayor loves it B．Londoners fought for it
C．it is an improved transport D．it is popular with tourists
43．Which proves the old city transport symbols are not loved by city leaders
A．Only a few cable cars are still in use in San Francisco.
B．Bangkok city leaders tried to remove the cheap tuk－tuks.
C．The mayor who sold double－decker buses lost the re－election.
D．The new mayor will bring back improved double－decker buses.
44．What can we infer from the passage
A．Modern cities should remove old city transport symbols.
B．The writer thinks highly of the old city transport symbols.
C．Old city transport symbols face the problem of survival.
D．Tourist cities will lose their attraction without the symbols.
答案
1．D
2．A
3．B
4．B
5．B
6．B
7．A
8．D
9．D
10．C
11．A
12．B
13．C
14．B
15．A
16．B
17．D
18．D
19．A
20．B
21．D
22．C
23．B
24．A
25．C
26．C
27．B
28．C
29．B
30．A
31．C
32．B
33．B
34．A
35．B
36．C
37．D
38．C
39．D
40．C
41．A
42．B
43．B
44．C
《阅读理解》专项巩固训练题
姓名： 考号：
第一部分：知识清单
一．教材词汇及其用法
1.diverse [da v s] adj 不同的;多种多样的 diversity n. 差异(性);不同(点);多样性diversify v. 使多样化 diversely adv. 不同地，各种各样地
The beauty of the world lies in the diversity of its people.世界之美源自人之多样。
Individual diversity will lead to different results in the second language learning
2.fortune [ f t u n]n.机会;运气 fortune cookie 幸运曲奇
Fortune never helps the man whose courage fails.运气永远不会帮助没有勇气的人。
I envied her good fortune我羡慕她的好运气。
(1)make a fortune 发财 have the good fortune to do ... 有幸做……
try one's fortune 碰运气 seek one's fortune 寻找成功致富之路;闯世界
fortunate adj. 幸运的 fortunately adv. 幸运地;吉利地 unfortunately adv. 不幸地
①He_________ by selling houses when young.年轻时，他靠卖房子发了财。
②Many young people want to live in big cities___________ 许多年轻人想生活在大城市里来寻找成功致富之路。
3.gumbo [ g mb ] n. 秋葵汤(用秋葵英做的浓鸡汤或海鲜汤
4.nachos [ n t z] n. [pl]墨西哥玉米片
5.chip [t p] n. (英)炸土豆条;(美)炸薯片;芯片;碎片chips of wood碎木屑
6.cheese [t i z] n.干酪;奶酪a cheese sandwich/salad奶酪三明治 / 色拉
7.spicy [ spa si] adj. 加有香料的;辛辣的The soup tasted mildly spicy. 汤尝起来略有点辣.
8.ethnic [ eθn k] adj. 具有民族特色的;异国风味的;民族的;种族的
9.admit [ d'm t]vi.＆vt.承认vt.准许进入(或加入)I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back in the city again.我得承认，再次回到城里的感觉实在是太棒了。
She stubbornly refuses to admit the truth.
admit...to/into...准许…进人…准许……加人……
be admitted to/into….被……录取；被……接纳:成为……的一员
admit(to)sth.承认某事 admit to sb. that...向某人承认……
admit doing sth./having done sth.承认做了某事
admit(that)...承认……
admission n.[C]承认,招认:[U.C]准许加人;[U]人场费
gain/obtain admission to/into... 获准进人/加人……
[名师点津] admit后跟动词-ing形式 , 但不能跟不定式作宾语。
(1).She apologized to me and admitted________(take) my umbrella by mistake.
(2)She apologized to me and admitted( to) having taken my umbrella by mistake.
(3).News came from the school that Wang Lin ____(admit)to/into Peking University.
10.definitely [ def n tli] adv. 肯定;确实
11.occur[ k (r)] vi. 发生;出现 The earthquake occured in 1906
Cultural differences occur wherever you go.
It occurred to me that I could have the book sent to me
occur—occurred—occurred occurring sth. occur to sb. 被某人想到
It occurs to sb to do sth 某人想到做某事 It occurs/occurred to sb. that…某人想到
(1)A good idea occurred________ me all at once.
(2)___________occurred to/struck/hit her that she should adopt the homeless child.
12.downtown [ da nta n ] adv.在市中心;往市中心work downtown在商业中心区工作
13.mission [ m n] n. 传教(区);重要任务;使命a fact-finding mission核查事实的工作
14.district [ d str kt] n. 地区;区域a school district学区
15.graffiti [ɡr fi ti] n. [pl]涂鸦;胡写乱画
ic[ k m k] n. 连环画杂志;漫画杂志;喜剧演员adj.滑稽的;使人发笑的 The play is both comic and tragic.这部剧既滑稽又悲惨。 I saw the child reading a comic.
17.afterwards ad. 以后;后来
18.head to/for (朝…)前进;(向…)去1). He headed to /for the bus stop.
2). If you work hard and never give up, you will head for success sooner or later.
19.historical [h st r kl] adj. (有关)历史的 主要指历史上发生过或存在过的,侧重强调其真实性. 如：a historical novel 历史小说 a historical character 历史人物
historic 主要指历史上有名或具有历史意义,侧重强调其影响性。如：
a historic character 历史名人a historic building 具有历史意义的建筑
20. seek [si k] (1)vt& vi.寻求,谋求;寻找;v.(向人)请求 (2) vi. 试图,设法
seek--sought--sought的过去式
Over 300,000 people came from all over the world to seek their fortune,
seek (for) sth./sb.寻找某物/某人 过去分词均为
seek...from sb. 向某人请求……
seek one's fortune 外出寻找发财机会,外出闯荡
seek to do sth.(=try to do sth.)试图做某事,设法做某事
seek out 挑选出;物色到
He is a man who likes seeking _________ wealth and power.
(2) He sought_________his friend in the crowd.
21.earn [ n] ( 1) vt& vi.赚得,挣得 (2) v.博得,赢得 To earn a living, some opened up shops and restaurant in Chinatown.为了谋生,有些人在唐人街开起了商店和餐馆。
earn the respect/trust of sb.( = earn sb.'s respect/trust)赢得某人的尊敬/信任
earn money =make money赚钱,挣钱
earn one's/a living(by…)(靠……)谋生相当于 earn a living谋生
earn sb..…. 为某人赢得/博得…… earn sb. a place赢得一席之地
earn fame/a reputation 赢得名声
He____________ by selling newspapers when he was young.他年轻时靠卖报谋生。
22.immigrant [ m ɡr nt] n. (外来)移民;外侨
23.select [s lekt] vt. 选择;挑选;选拔 selection n.挑选；选择 selective adj 选择认真的
I selected a Cantonese restaurant that served its food on beautiful
china plates.我挑了一家粤菜馆,他们端出来的食物是放在精美的瓷盘子上的。
select sb.to do sth.挑选某人做某事 select sb.as...挑选某人担任……
a wide selection of.. 各种各样
(1)York was selected _______the site for the research.
(2)Simon has been selected ____ (go) to attend the conference
24.china n. 瓷;瓷器
25.bar[bɑ (r)] n. 酒吧;小吃店;小馆子We met at a bar
26.diagram [ da ɡr m] n. 简图;图解;图表;示意图
27.journal [ d nl] n. 日志;日记;报纸;刊物
28.claim (1) vt. (灾难、事故等)都走，夺去(生命) (2) v.& n.[C]声称,宣称,断言
(3) v.索要,索取;vt.认领n[C](尤指向公司、政府等)索款,索赔
Over 3,000 lives ere claimed in the 19us San Francisco earthquake and the series of fires that occurred after.在1906年日金山地震和随后发生的一连串的灾灾中，有3000多人丧生
claim (that)….声称…… It is claimed that...据说……
claim to do sth.声称做某事 claim to have done sth.声称做过某事
make a claim 索赔
If the problem is in the goods itself, you may make _____ claim on the supplier.
Several passers-by__________( claim ) to have witnessed the accident.
The car accident__________(claim) five lives so far.
29.series [ s ri z] n. 一系列;连续;接连 series of 一系列或一连串(事件)
30..apart from ( especially NAME aside from 除 了……外(还);此外Apart from being the kingdom of flowers, it is home to many ethnic minority groups.(云南)除了是花的王国以外，还是许多少数民族的居住地。
apart from 相当于 aside from,后接名词、代词或 v-ing 作宾语,apart from
有以下两种含义:
(1)除了……外(还),此外,加之(相当于in addition to,besides 或 as well as)
Apart from its geographical diversity , Canada's many areas reflect the diversity of its residents.
除了其地理上的多样性,加拿大的许多地区还反映了其居民的多样性。
(2)除了……外(都)(相当于except for或but)
We didn't see anyone all day, apart from a couple of kids on the beach.除了海滩上的几个小孩子儿，我们一整天没见到什么人。
(1)_____________them, I had no one to talk to.除了他们，我找不到说话的人。
(2)______________,the composition is fairly good除了一些拼写错误,这篇作文写得很不错。
31.minority [ma n r ti] n. 少数民族;少数派;少数人
32..escape [ ske p] vi..＆vt.逃走;逃脱;避开n.逃跑;逃脱;解脱vt.被忘掉,被忽视,未被注意(不用于被动语态)。通常用物作主语。 After visiting the southern part of Yunnan, I have to admit that it is the best region of China to escape the cold winter. 参观了云南的南部地区后,我不得不承认,它是在中国躲避寒冷冬季的最佳地区。
escape from...从……中逃离 fire escape 太平梯
escape death 死里逃生 narrowly escape doing sth.险些做某事
make one's escape 逃走 have a narrow escape死里逃生
escape one's attention/notice 逃过某人的注意,被某人忽视
No one can escaped _________(punish) if he breaks law.
He __________________during the war. 他在战争中九死一生。
33.bring about 意为"导致,引起”,相当于 cause,lead to 或 result in 等。
What do you think brought about the cultural diversity 你认为是什么导致这种文化的多样性
Science has brought about many changes in our lives.
点拨归纳：
bring along带来,带上 bring down减少,降低;使垮台,使下台
bring back把……送回,归还;恢复;使想起 bring up抚养；培养；养育;提出
bring in介绍;引进;赚钱,获利 bring out 使显现;出版;阐明
[应用融会]
(1)What brought___________ the failure of the business
(2)I'd like to bring ___________ Doctor Hall here and ask him for his views.
34.Atlantic [ t l nt k] adj 大西洋的
35.financial [fa n n l] adj.财政的;财务的;金融的finance n. 财政，金融；资金
36.poetry[ p tri] n. 诗集;诗歌;诗作poem [C] 诗poet 诗人poetry[U]诗集
37.jeans [d i nz n. 牛仔裤
38.boot [bu t] n. 靴子a pair of black leather boots一双黑皮靴
39.mushroom [ m r m] n.蘑菇;go mushrooming采蘑菇
40.poisonous [ p z n s] adj. 引起中毒的;有毒的;分泌毒素的poison n. 毒物;毒药;毒素W.毒死;毒害food poisoning 食物中毒poisonous mushroom 有毒的蘑菇
41.fold [f ld] v.包;裹;折叠vt.＆vi.(可)折小;(可)叠平First，fold the paper in half/in two .首先，把纸对折起来。
42.super [ su p (r)] adv 特别;格外adj，顶好的;超级的
43.collection[k lek n] n.作品集;收集物;收藏品collect vt. 收集
collect stamps/evidence/information/data 收集邮票/证据/ 信息/数据
It is even mentioned in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry. ……它甚至在中国最古老的诗集中也有提及。 Two years ago Tom published a______ of short stories .
44.accessory [ k ses ri] n.配饰;附件;配件
45. souvenir [ su v n (r)] n.纪念物;纪念品a souvenir shop纪念品商店
46. percentage[p sent d ] n.百分率;百分比What percentage of the population is/are overweight 身体超重的人占人口多大的百分比？
47.climate [ kla m t] n.气候a mild/temperate climate温和的 / 暖和的 气候
48. mild [ma ld] ad. 温和的;和善的;轻微的a mild punishment轻微的责罚
49.settle[ setl] vt.＆vi.定居;结束(争论);解决(纠纷Historically, Chinese immigrants settled in the area during the railroad construction and gold rush period.
历史上,在修筑铁路和淘金热时期,来自中国的移民定居于此。
After graduation, they made up their minds to go and settle in the countryside.
毕业后，他们决心到农村安家落户。[点拨归纳]
(1)settle in/into 安顿下来;习惯于;适应 settle down (使)安定;定居
settle down to sth. 着手认真做某事
(2)settlement n. 解决;定居 settler n. 移居者;殖民者
Having settled______ a beautiful village, he settled down__________his research.
With the problem___________(settle),he went home happily.
50.construction [k n str k n]n.建筑;建造;建造物;(句子、短语等的)结构The workers are constructing the bridge damaged by the . , and the bridge under construction connects the road with the town.工人们正在修建被洪水冲毁的桥，正在修建的桥连接着公路和城镇。
construct vt. 建设;修建 (be) under construction=(be)being constructed正在建设中
(1)They are planning to______________.他们正在计划建造一个新的超市。
(2)The new airport under construction lies in the east of the city.
=The new airport______________(construct) lies in the east of the city.
51.material [m t ri l] n. 材料;布料;素材adj.物质的;实际的
52.to name but a few 仅举几例 Lots of our friends are coming: Anne, Ken and George, to name but a few. 我们的很多朋友都来了：安妮、肯和乔治，仅举几个例子。
53.tai chi [ ta 't i ] n. 太极拳
54.clothing [ kl ] n. 衣服;服装
55.herbal[ h bl] adj. 药草的;香草的
56.suit [su t] vt. 适合;满足…需要;相配;合身n.西服;套装 There is Chinese food to suit everyone's taste,with traditional dishes from all over China. 这里有着来自中国各地的传统菜肴，各种口味，应有尽有。
A guest should suit the convenience of the host.客随主便。
(1)suit sth. to sth. 使某物适合于另一事物 (2)suitable adj. 适合的;适宜的;相配的
be suitable for sb./sth. 适合某人/某物 be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
(1)He dressed in____________________。他穿上最好的套装。
(2)He can______________whoever he is with.无论跟谁说话，他都能说到一块儿。
57.at first hand第一手;亲自 I got the information at first hand. 我直接得到情报.
58.item [ a t m] n. 项目;一件商品(或物品);一条(新闻)
Can I pay for each item separately 我能否一件一件地分别付钱？
58.contain [k n te n] vt. 包含;含有;容纳Does the city /town introduction contain all the important information 这座城市城镇的介绍包含所有重要信息吗
The container contains many kinds of fruits, including apples/apples included.
这个容器中盛着各种水果其中包括苹果。
contain oneself 自我克制 container n. 容器
(1)I'm glad to find the book which___________ I need.
我很高兴找到了那本包含我所需要的一切信息的书。
(2)I was so angry that I couldn't_________________.。我太生气了，以至于无法克制自己。
[名师点津]contain指某物装在比其更大的物体内，也指某物中含有某成分，而include指某物为整体的一部分或某一要素。
neat [ni t] adj 极好的;整洁的;整齐的 neat handwriting工整的笔迹
二、句子句型
1.It is likely that Native Americans moved to California at least fifteen thousand years ago.可能至少在15,000年以前美洲土著居民就住在加利福尼亚州了。
[分析点拨]
句中 it is likely that+句子 = sb./sth.be likely to do ...“某人/物可能做……”。
[应用融会] (完成句子/句型转换)
(1)_____________she was watching TV at home last night.
她有可能昨天晚上在家里看电视。
(2)It is likely that you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
→You_________ from bad health if you keep smoking.
如果你继续吸烟,你的身体健康有可能会受到损害。
[拓展发散] 表示“有可能……”的句型还有:
It's probable that ... It's possible that ...
It's possible for sb. to do sth.
(3)It is possible for her to set a world record again.
→It is _________that she will set a world record again.
她有可能会再次创造世界纪录。
2.What do you think brought about the cultural diversity
你认为是什么导致了这种文化的多样性
bring about 意为"导致,引起”,相当于 cause,lead to 或 result in 等。
Science has brought about many changes in our lives.
点拨归纳：
bring along带来,带上 bring down减少,降低;使垮台,使下台
bring back把……送回,归还;恢复;使想起 bring up抚养；培养；养育;提出
bring in介绍;引进;赚钱,获利 bring out 使显现;出版;阐明
(1)What brought___________ the failure of the business
(2)I'd like to bring ___________ Doctor Hall here and ask him for his views.
eventually adv. 最后；终于
eventual adj. 最后的；最终的
intention n. 目的；意图；打算；计划
intend vt. 打算
intended adj. 打算的；计划的
the intended audience 预期的观众
为了；目的是 with the intention/aim/purpose of
打算做某事 intend to do/doing sth
为……打算的 be intended for
e.g. The book is intended for children. 这本书是为儿童写的。
故意地 by intention = by design
apologize vi. 道歉 → apology n. 道歉 → apologetic adj. 道歉的；愧疚的
apologize/make an apology to sb for sth 因某事向某人道歉
owe sb an apology 应向某人道歉
basis n. 基础 → base vt. 以……为基础 → basic adj. 基础的 → basically adv. 基本上；大体上
be based on 以……为基础
on the basis of 在……的基础上
on a regular/daily basis 定期/每天
judge v. 判断；评判 n. 法官；裁判 → judgement n. 判断
Judging by/from... 从...上看；根据...判断
判断是非 judge between right and wrong
人不可貌相 Never judge a book by its cover.
dare vi. & modal v. 胆敢；敢于 → daring adj. 勇敢的；敢于冒险的
敢于做某事 dare (to) do sth
你怎敢？ How dare you
pursue vt. 追求 → pursuit n. 追求
plastic adj. 塑料的 n. 塑料
plastic surgery 整容手术
loan n. 贷款；借款
take out a loan 取得贷款
obligation n. 责任 → obligated adj. 有义务的；有责任的
义务感；责任感 a sense of obligation
patient n. 病人 → patience n. 耐心 → patiently adv. 有耐心地 → impatient adj. 不耐烦的 → impatiently adv. 不耐心地
对……有耐心 be patient with
对...没耐心 have little/no patience with
ignore vt. 忽视 → ignorant adj. 无知的 → ignorance n. 无知；愚昧
out of ignorance 出于无知
scene n. （戏剧或歌剧的）场；现场；场面 → scenery n. 景色 → scenic adj. 风景优美的
在现场 on the scene
在幕后 behind the scenes
sequence n. 顺序；一系列 vt. 按顺序排列
a sequence of 一系列；一连串
The book is a sequence of short stories.
servant n. 仆人 → serve vt. 服务 → service n. 服务
公务员 a public servant
permit vt. 允许 (permitted, permitted, permitting) → permission n. 许可
允许某人做某事 permit sb to do sth
未经许可 without permission
in case 以防（后接句子）
in case of（后接单词或短语）
决不 in no case
这样/那样的话 in this/that case
不管怎样 in any case
这是常有的事 as is often the case
beyond adv. & prep. 在……之外；超过
mining n. 矿业 → mine n. 矿 → miner n. 矿工
option n. 选择 → optional adj. 可选择的 → opt vi. 挑选
别无选择只能做 have no option/choice but to do sth
to be honest 说实话 → honest adj. 诚实的 → dishonest adj. 不诚实的 → honesty n. 诚实
= to be frank = honestly speaking = frankly speaking = to tell you the truth
确切地说 to be exact
in return 作为回报
in case 以防
in turn 轮流；反过来
in need 在危难中
dinosaur n. 恐龙
sort n. 种类 vt. 整理；把...分类
稍微；有点 sort of = kind of
各种各样的 all sorts of = all kinds of = a variety of = a diversity of
整理；挑出 sort out
extent n. 程度
在某种程度上 to some extent
在一定程度上 to a certain extent
在很大程度上 to a great extent
indicate vt. 表明 → indication n. 表明
sail v. （船）航行；（人）乘船航行 → sailing n. 航海；航行 → sailor n. 水手；海员
hesitate vi. 犹豫 → hesitation n. 犹豫 → hesitant adj. 犹豫的
对……犹豫不决 hesitate about sth
不情愿做某事 hesitate to do sth
If you need more information, don’t hesitate to contact me.
毫不犹豫 without hesitation
clerk n. 职员；文书；店员
external adj. 外部的 → internal adj. 内部的
saying n. 言语；格言；警句
stair n. 楼梯；梯级
downstairs adv. 顺楼梯而下；在楼下；往楼下
upstairs （反）
beneath adv. & prep. 在...下面；在...表面之下
affect vt. 影响
plot n. 故事情节；布局；阴谋
maintain vt. 维持 → maintenance n. 维护 → maintainer n. 维修工
hug vt. & n. 拥抱（hugged, hugged, hugging）
拥抱某人 hug sb = give sb a hug
as a matter of fact 事实上 = in fact = actually = in reality
consulate 领事馆
broad adj. 宽阔的；广阔的；广泛的 → broaden vt. 使变宽 → broadly adv. 大体上 → abroad adv. 在国外
board vt. 上船（火车；飞机等） n. 木板；董事会 → aboard adv. 在船（火车；飞机）上
ambassador n. 大使；使节；代表
upper-class adj. 上流社会的；上等阶层的
upper adj. 上面的；上层的
上流社会；上等阶层 the upper class
第二部分：阅读实战
阅读理解
Rich, heavy food is a major part of the end of the year holidays in the United States. People in the U.S. celebrate Thanksgiving on the third Thursday of November. People around the world celebrate Christmas on December 25. Both holidays involve (包含) traditions of cooking very large meals. The food at these meals usually has lots of sugar, salt, and butter in it. Turkey and pie are some of the most common foods in these holidays.
Terri Price has hosted a holiday party on the last Saturday before every Christmas for 30 years. It started when her children were very, very small. She has been preparing many of the dishes for most of the 30 years.
But over time, some traditions do change. The Neveldines are a family who hope to be healthier by changing what they eat. Mick Fury, the Neveldine's oldest child, said this change is important during the holidays and the rest of the year, too.
Mick and his wife, Michelle, try to eat only organic food. Organic food is any plant or animal food product made without the use of unnatural chemicals or processes. But, Mick is not the only Neveldine who changed their diet. Felicia Neveldine, Mick's sister, decided nine years ago to become avegan. A vegan is a person who does not eat or use animal products of any kind.
Felicia became a vegan because of her concern for the treatment of animals and the environmental effects of animal farming. She said that her change in diet also improved her health.
Choosing these special diets means the Neveldines choose their foods carefully. Mick grows a garden behind his house where he gets fresh vegetables.
Holiday traditions may not change, but the way these traditions happen just might.
1．What does paragraph I mainly tell us
A．The end-of-year holidays is vital.
B．Heavy food is rich in nutrition.
C．Cooking large meals is a tradition in USA.
D．Heavy food is popular in holidays for Americans.
2．What do we learn about the Neveldines' holiday diets
A．They have turned healthier.
B．They have given up the tradition.
C．They have remained the same.
D．They have grown unhealthy.
3．What does the underlined word "vegan" in paragraph 4 mean
A．sportsman. B．vegetarian. C．dieter. D．volunteer.
4．What may be the author's attitude to traditional heavy food in holidays
A．Favorable. B．Critical. C．Objective. D．Unclear.
阅读理解
Food acts as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning，and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural and urban areas within one country.
Sharing bread，whether during a special occasion or at the family dinner table，is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread，so this tradition has its roots in the custom of sharing bread.
Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States，pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity（兴旺） in the New Year. In Greece， people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake，which signifies success in the New Year for the person who receives it.
Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child，and food can play a significant role. In China，when a baby is one month old，families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures，round foods such as grapes，bread，and mooncakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.
Nutrition is necessary for life，so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.
5．What can we know about sharing bread
A．It indicates there is not enough food.
B．It can help to strengthen unity.
C．It is a custom unique to rural areas.
D．It has its roots in wedding celebrations.
6．What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year
A．Money. B．Success. C．Luck. D．Togetherness.
7．How does the author explain the role of food in celebrations
A．By using examples. B．By making comparisons.
C．By analyzing causes. D．By describing processes.
8．What's the writer's purpose in writing the passage
A．To show the role of food in ceremonies.
B．To persuade the readers to share bread with others.
C．To tell the specific meaning of food.
D．To introduce the importance of food in culture to readers.
阅读理解
Confucius, a famous teacher, was a politician and philosopher who lived in the Spring and Autumn Period in China. During his lifetime, he planted the seeds for China's transformation by teaching thousands of people. Therefore, he is thought to be one of the world's greatest teachers today.
Confucius grew up in a poor family. As he grew up, Confucius worked to help his mother earn money. When he wasn't working, he would read. His favorite thing to do was to learn. His mother saw this and did her best to help him learn. One day, rich families noticed how smart he was and offered him jobs of counting their money and tending to their crops.
Confucius did this until he was 30 years old, but he always wanted to do more. He didn't like the way rulers treated their subjects. He wanted to find a way to help people who were less fortunate than he was. Later, he founded the philosophy "Confucianism". Confucianism states that by educating yourself, loving your family, and respecting tradition you could become a better person. Confucius believed a person could achieve these things by practicing self-discipline. In the majority of his life, Confucius traveled and taught the people of China about self-discipline and the importance of education. He even opened China's first school to teach both the poor and the wealthy as equals. Today, Confucius is celebrated all over the world for his philosophy of education, equality, and peace over war, money, and injustice.
9．What can we know about Confucius from the passage
A．He was once a farmer guiding people farming.
B．He was born into a politician family.
C．He once acted as a math teacher.
D．He devoted himself to social change.
10．What does the underlined word "subjects" in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Themes. B．Courses. C．Peoples. D．Tests.
11．According to the author, why did Confucius open China's first school
A．To teach both the poor and the rich.
B．To become famous among China's lower classes.
C．To be accepted by the rulers of China.
D．To be celebrated all over the world.
12．What is the writer's attitude towards Confucianism
A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Disappointed. D．Uncertain.
阅读理解
Herman Melvile, the writer of the famous whale story Moby Dick, once wrote that humpback whales were "the most lighthearted of all the whales." Known to be intelligent animals and can be seen working together to hunt schools of small fish, humpbacks are a favorite of whale watchers everywhere. And, if you listen closely, you might even hear one singing.
Marine (海洋) biologist Jim Darling has studied the songs of humpback whales for more than 25 years. While recording whale songs on a boat near Hawaii, he invited author Douglas Chadwick to experience diving with a humpback. In the water, Chadwick heard the whale's songs in a way he never heard them before. "Suddenly, I no longer heard the whale's voice in my ears," he said. "I felt it inside my head and bones." When swimming with the whale, Chadwick could see that the whale was aware of him, but not alarmed by his presence. Up in the boat, Darling recorded the whale's song, which can be long and complex, sometimes lasting for 30 minutes or more. Actually, they are perhaps the longest songs sung by any animal.
Darling says that only male humpbacks sing, but for unknown reasons, it was previously thought that they sang to attract females, but scientists showed this was incorrect when they played recordings of whale songs in the ocean and the female whales did not respond. Another idea is that male humpbacks compete with each other using songs, just as other male animals on land do using their horns or sharp teeth.
Researchers have also found that humpback whale songs are different in different parts of the world, perhaps like whale national songs. They may also be like hit tunes on the radio, changing over time—from one year to the next, or even over a single breeding season when they produce young.
Another member of the research team, photographer Flip Nicklin, recalls a special moment he had while interacting with a humpback. While he was snorkeling(潜水) some distance from the huge animal, it approached him until it was just a few metres away. It then gently carried Nicklin towards its eye with a flipper(鳍肢), as if examine him. Obviously, the urge to understand a different species goes both ways.
13．What is this passage mainly about
A．How to record the humpbacks in the ocean.
B．How humpbacks communicate with people.
C．Humpback songs and what they might mean.
D．the career of a man who is interested in humpbacks.
14．When the scientists played songs in the ocean, ________.
A．the songs attracted fish
B．no female whales came
C．male whales became angry
D．male and female whales came together
15．What is NOT true about humpback whales
A．Their songs are short and simple.
B．Only male humpback whales sing.
C．Humpback whales are very friendly.
D．They are popular with whale watchers.
16．What do Chadwick and Nicklin have in common
A．They were afraid of whales.
B．They swam with the whales.
C．Their jobs are to take photos of the whales.
D．They are marine biologists studying whales.
阅读理解
Chris just found some good information on the Web for his science report about sharks. He marks a paragraph in red which explains that most sharks can't hurt people. Chris copies it and pastes it into his report before continuing his research. Uh-oh. Chris just made a big mistake. Do you know what he did He committed plagiarism （剽窃）which is not allowed in school，college.
The word plagiarism comes from a Latin word for kidnapping（绑架）. You know that kidnapping is stealing a person. Well，plagiarism is stealing a person's ideas or writing. You wouldn't take someone's lunch money or bike，right Well，someone's words and thoughts are personal property，too.
Chris should have given credit to the author and the website for the information. Why Because Chris didn't know the information before he came to the website. These aren't his thoughts or ideas. He should have written down the author，the title，and the date it was published. Then he could have added it to the end of his report.
Plagiarism is a form of cheating. However，it's not always easy to tell what is plagiarism and what is not. Sometimes，it's done by accident—you really intended to do your own work，but ended up with some sentences that sound just like something you've read. If you don't tell readers where they come from，you're risking a lot of trouble. But it's sometimes done on purpose and that's just being lazy. By copying whole paragraphs from different places，a kid doesn't have to spend the time thinking about the subject，gathering his or her own thoughts about it.
So even if you put the information into your own words，you still should list the source. Ask yourself，"would I know this if I hadn't read it on that website or in that book " If the answer is no，list the source.
17．What's the writer's purpose by mentioning Chris's story
A．To tell readers how to do a report.
B．To show where to get information.
C．To point out the reason for plagiarism.
D．To introduce the topic of the passage.
18．Which of the following is considered to be plagiarism
A．Taking away Teresa's bike. B．Writing about an accident.
C．Retelling an interesting story. D．Using Tim's research as your own.
19．What does the underlined part"give credit to"probably mean
A．Make public. B．Write down.
C．Become famous. D．Search for.
20．What is the best title for the passage
A．How to Avoid Plagiarism B．Look Out for Plagiarism
C．Committing Plagiarism D．Plagiarism：Being Lazy
阅读理解
A UK charity has helped rescue two baby orangutans (猩猩) who were found by the police in West Borneo caged and ready to be sold through social media to illegal buyers. A man was arrested for the illegal deals of wildlife both directly and by using online social media sites. The two orangutans, a one-year-old male and an eight-month-old female, who were discovered in tiny cages are now in the care of International Animal Rescue (IAR) at its centre in Ketapang, Borneo.
A spokeswoman for the charity based in Uckfield, East Sussex, said,"The general condition of the two orangutans is fair, although both are in the state of being in extreme danger and needing urgent help. One of them is rocking back and forth—this is an abnormal behaviour presented by animals in extremely stressful conditions."
David Muhammad, head of the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry, said the orangutans were captured by a hunter in Sintang, Indonesia, and collected by the arrested man who was selling them for about ￡175. Orangutans in Borneo have experienced rapid declines of up to 60% in the last 50 years, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The Bornean orangutan is now declared "critically endangered" as forests shrink. The two new arrivals bring the total number of orangutans in IAR's centre in Ketapang to 111.
Karmele Llano Sanchez, programme director of IAR Indonesia, said, "Having such a large number of orangutans undergoing rehabilitation(康复), with more having to be rescued, makes it harder and harder to find safe places where we can release them. If we do not address the root cause of the problem, we will never stop the decline of orangutans in the wild."
21．What can we know about the two baby orangutans from paragraph 1
A．A charity was the first to find them.
B．The police caged them for safety.
C．They are actually baby twins.
D．They are being well looked after.
22．Why is one of the two baby orangutans rocking back and forth
A．It is cheering at its winning freedom again.
B．It is celebrating its good health condition.
C．Extreme stress tends to make it rock repeatedly.
D．It shows that they need immediate medical care.
23．What causes Bornean orangutans endangered according to paragraph 3
A．Illegal hunting. B．Decreasing forests.
C．Wildlife trade. D．Forest conservation.
24．What may be the root cause of the decline of orangutans in the wild
A．Orangutans have no more safe place to live in.
B．A number of orangutans have not been set free.
C．Lots of orangutans are waiting for urgent rescue.
D．The decline of orangutans is clearly unavoidable.
阅读理解
It's true that quite a few most respected scientific authorities have confirmed that the world is becoming hotter and hotter. There's also strong evidence that humans are contributing to the warming. Countless recent reports have proved the same thing. For instance, a summary of the climate science made by the Royal Society notes, "Global warming over the last half-century has been caused mainly by human activities."
You may not believe that humans could change the planet's climate, and the basic science is well understood. Each year, billions of tons of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere because of human activities. As has been known for years, these gases hold heat that would otherwise escape to space, wrapping the planet in an invisible blanket.
Of course, the Earth's climate has always been changing due to natural factors such as volcanic eruptions or changes in solar system, or cycles concerning the Earth's going around the sun. According to the scientific research, however, the warming observed by now matches the pattern of warming we would expect from a build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere—not the warming we would expect from other possible causes.
Even if scientists have discovered another reasonable explanation for the warming recorded so far, that would give birth to a difficult question. As Robert Henson puts it,"If some newly discovered factors are to blame for the climate change, then why aren't carbon dioxide and the other green-house gases producing the warming that basic physics tells us they should be "
The only way to prove with 100% certainty that humans are responsible for global warming would be to run an experiment with two identical Earths—one with human influence and one without. That obviously isn't possible, so most scientists are careful not to state human influence as an absolute certainty.
25．How many natural factors causing global warming are mentioned in the text
A．1. B．2. C．3. D．4.
26．How does the text develop
A．By giving typical examples. B．By following the order of space.
C．By analysing a theory and arguing it. D．By comparing and finding differences.
27．What does the underlined word "identical" in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Totally different. B．Exactly the same.
C．Extremely important. D．Partly independent.
28．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Are All the Scientists Really Scientific
B．Where Is Global Warming Leading Us to
C．Are Humans Definitely Causing Global Warming
D．What's the Relation Between Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases
阅读理解
If you live in Shanghai, you might have to take a "lesson" in sorting garbage, as the city introduced new garbage-sorting regulations.
It's now required that people should sort garbage into four categories, namely recyclable, harmful, dry and wet waste. However, if people fail to sort their garbage properly, they can be fined up to 200 yuan.
More cities are introducing similar regulations, following the practice in Shanghai. By the end of 2020, garbage-sorting systems had been built in 46 major Chinese cities, including Beijing and Shenzhen, reported People'sDaily.
According to a study by the Policy Research Centre for Environment and Economy, under the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, over 90 percent of the public believe that garbage sorting is important for the protection of the environment.
However, garbage sorting is still a big problem in China. Only 30 percent of participants said they think they are adequately sorting their trash, the study noted.
According to Xinhua News Agency, it's partly because many people lack the willingness to sort their own waste. In the past, some previous garbage regulations didn't give clear fines for people who failed to sort garbage.
"It's a must to have a legal guarantee to promote garbage sorting," a professor from Tsinghua University told ChinaDaily. A researcher of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, told ChinaDaily that the importance of the new regulations in Shanghai is to change the past voluntary action into compulsory action for everyone.
Aside from China, many other foreign countries have also introduced garbage-sorting regulations. In Japan, waste sorting has become a basic survival skill, reported Xinhua. There is a fixed time for disposal of each kind of garbage and littering can result in high fines and even jail time.
In Germany too, people are asked to sort waste into specific categories, reported HuffPost. For example, in Berlin, people have yellow bins for plastic and metals and blue bins for paper and cardboard.
29．What do we know about garbage sorting in Shanghai
A．People should put their garbage into two categories.
B．It sets an example for many other cities in China.
C．People will be fined 200 yuan each time they break the regulations.
D．Shanghai is the first city to introduce garbage-sorting regulations in China.
30．What is the current situation of garbage sorting in China
A．Some people can properly sort their garbage.
B．Few people know the importance of garbage sorting.
C．People have been sorting their garbage adequately.
D．China's garbage-sorting problem is the most serious in the world.
31．What does the text mainly talk about
A．Why garbage sorting is important. B．How other countries sort garbage.
C．Garbage sorting has started in China. D．The world's garbage problem is becoming worse.
阅读理解
Following are this week (November 15-21)'s best home entertainment programs: from Sorry for Your Loss to The Cry!
Dancing Queen
Considering how many outstanding dancing queens appear on RuPaul's Drag Race each season, it's strange that so few have been given their own series. Correcting that is this reality show centred on a dance studio for teen girls run by Justin Johnson, AKA season five queen Alyssa Edwards. Expect battles with pushy mums and exciting moments for Johnson's beginners.
Tuesday 16 November, 8pm, Netflix
The Cry
Following Bodyguard in BBC One's Sunday evening drama slot (栏目) is a tall order for any show. That honour has fallen to this new drama starring Jenna Coleman as a new mother whose trip to Australia ends in a disastrous tragedy. Trauma (创伤) and truth follow.
Friday 19 November, 9pm, BBC One
The Apprentice
Some of Alan Sugar's early Apprentices must be approaching retirement age by now. But never fear, it seems there's always a lot of business people willing to compete for the chance to win a working lifetime of it.
Sunday 21 November, 8pm, ITV
Sorry for Your Loss
You read that right: Facebook enters peak-era TV with this Elizabeth Olsen-starring comedy about a woman dealing with her husband's passing away. As that introduction suggests, it's tightly written with strong twists and turns from Olsen and The Last Jedi's Kelly Marie Tran as her sister. Plus, in keeping with this week's Guide, all of it is free!
Monday 15 November, 9pm, Facebook Watch
32．If you are a big fan of Jenna Coleman, you can watch ____.
A．Sorry for Your Loss B．The Cry
C．The Apprentice D．Dancing Queen
33．Which channel will you turn to if you only have time on November 21
A．Netflix. B．ITV.
C．BBC One. D．Facebook Watch.
34．Which word can probably be used to describe Sorry for Your Loss
A．Interesting. B．Encouraging. C．Educational. D．Frightening.
阅读理解
If you're after a quick snap, if you're out and about, here are a few brilliant instant cameras to choose from.
Instax Mini 12
Made by Fujifilm, the Instax Mini-series of cameras is ideal for taking quick snaps and getting high-quality credited card sized photos. The Mini come with built-in flash, a close-up lens and selfie lens for taking those perfect shots. The camera comes in a range of bright colors, including sky blue and clay white.
Polaroid Go
Famous for their cameras, Polaroid still makes instant cameras in the modern day, with a classic look. The Go comes with autofocus as well as a self-timer for effectively capturing the moment and producing quality Polaroid photographs for you to keep. It also comes in a range of funky colors, if all black or white isn't your preference.
Instax Mini Evo
The Mini Evo combined camera and printer is a compact device with a 28mm lens that's capable of letting you review and edit photos before printing them. Also featured is a back 2.7-inch LCD screen for viewing what you're shooting and the ability to print from your phone via Bluetooth.
Instax Mini 40
Coming just in a single but vintage black design, the Insax Mini 40 is a solid option for quick instant snaps, with a one-touch selfie mode and a more traditional looking camera, fixed with a 60mm lens. It's also small enough to fit comfortably in your burn bag or pocket to take a quick snap if you're out and about.
35．What do Instax Mini 12 and Polaroid Go have in common
A．Both have selfie lens. B．Both have optional colors.
C．Both are in small size. D．Both have a classic look
36．If you wish to print photos in your smartphone through a camera, which ____ model is suitable
A．Instax Mini 12. B．Polaroid Go.
C．Instax Mini Evo. D．Instax Mini 40
37．What is the unique feature of Instax Mini 40
A．The built-in flash. B．The photo-editing function.
C．The autofocus function. D．The single black design.
阅读理解
Television's favorite red-headed female characters
There are many incredible female characters on television，but perhaps the most impressive are the redheads. Here is a list of some popular red-headed characters and the actresses who played them.
Sophie Turner as Sansa Stark on Game of Thrones
Sansa started out as an innocent child，but over the seasons，she grew to become a strong woman and eventually the Queen in the North. As the character grew，so did the red hair，and by the last season，Sansa's hair reached all the way to her waist.
Christina Hendricks as Joan Holloway on Mad Men
Joan mostly wore her short hair up，but when she was going to parties，she would let down the red curls to frame her face. Joan exercised power as she rose in the ad company from head secretary through the ranks to one of the top people there，breaking the glass ceiling of the boys' club.
Rose Leslie as Ygritte on Game of Thrones
As another actress on Game of Thrones，Leslie played the warrior Ygritte. With her beautiful red hair，she was loved by Jon Snow （Kit Harington）. While Ygritte was killed in Season 4，Harington and Leslie's love story began and lived on as the couple married in 2018.
Kate Walsh as Addison Montgomery on Grey's Anatomy and Private Practice
This red-headed doctor was so successful on Grey's Anatomy that the broadcasting company gave her a spin-off series called Private Practice，where the character finally achieved success in love and career. While Addison's hair was often put up into a cap during surgery，when she let it down，her beauty was striking.
38．According to the text，which of the following female characters got promoted
A．Ygritte. B．Sansa Stark.
C．Joan Holloway. D．Addison Montgomery.
39．What is special about Rose Leslie
A．She is a warrior.
B．She was killed in 2018.
C．She is famous for her red hair.
D．She met her future husband when filming a TV series.
40．According to the text，what did Sansa Stark and Addison Montgomery have in common
A．They were both doctors. B．They were both innocent.
C．They both achieved personal growth. D．They both gained money and power.
阅读理解
Think of London and you will probably remember the bright red double－decker buses. Think of Thailand's capital city, Bangkok, and the noisy tuk－tuks may come to mind. Think of San Francisco and you might see the city's cable cars.
Imagining what these cities would look like without those is difficult. They are symbols of these cities that make them different. However, these city symbols are not always so well loved by their city leaders. City leaders want what is best for their city, which often means the most modern transport.
In Bangkok, city leaders have banned (禁止) tuk－tuks because they consider them noisy and polluting. However, the ban has largely been unsuccessful as it has not changed Thai people's love for the cheap tuk－tuks over taxis.
In London the city's first ever mayor (市长) removed the red double－decker buses, which he thought were old fashioned. His plan worked, but Londoners were unhappy to lose the nice old buses they believed represented the best of their city. They made their unhappiness felt when the mayor came up for re－election. Most Londoners voted for his competitor, who promised to bring the bus back.
As for San Francisco, several cable cars are still in use but mainly as tourist attractions. They are too slow to be used for anything other than scenic trips.
City transport symbols may have a place in their city people's hearts, but it seems they are increasingly out of step with the modern world. As Londoners have proved, their continued life depends on people's willingness to fight for their survival.
41．What's the author's purpose of writing the first paragraph
A．To introduce some city transport symbols.
B．To explain why some cities are popular.
C．To talk about modern transport in some cities.
D．To attract more tourists to visit some cities.
42．The London double－decker bus is returning mainly because ________.
A．the new mayor loves it B．Londoners fought for it
C．it is an improved transport D．it is popular with tourists
43．Which proves the old city transport symbols are not loved by city leaders
A．Only a few cable cars are still in use in San Francisco.
B．Bangkok city leaders tried to remove the cheap tuk－tuks.
C．The mayor who sold double－decker buses lost the re－election.
D．The new mayor will bring back improved double－decker buses.
44．What can we infer from the passage
A．Modern cities should remove old city transport symbols.
B．The writer thinks highly of the old city transport symbols.
C．Old city transport symbols face the problem of survival.
D．Tourist cities will lose their attraction without the symbols.
答案
1．D
2．A
3．B
4．B
5．B
6．B
7．A
8．D
9．D
10．C
11．A
12．B
13．C
14．B
15．A
16．B
17．D
18．D
19．A
20．B
21．D
22．C
23．B
24．A
25．C
26．C
27．B
28．C
29．B
30．A
31．C
32．B
33．B
34．A
35．B
36．C
37．D
38．C
39．D
40．C
41．A
42．B
43．B
44．C