九年级人教版英语Unit 10 You're supposed to shake hands.讲义 - 教师版 +学生版

Unit 10 You’re supposed to shake hands.
预习卡
一、单词（英译汉）预习用
1.custom n.__________________
2.bow v.&n.__________________
3. kiss v.&n.__________________
4.greet v.__________________
5.relaxed adj.__________________
6.value v.___________n.____________
7.capital n.__________________
8.noon n.__________________
9.mad adj.__________________
10. effort n.__________________
11.passport n.__________________
12. chalk n.__________________
13. blackboard n.__________________
14. northern adj.__________________
15. coast n.__________________
16. season n.__________________
17.knock v.___________n.___________
18.eastern adj.__________________
19.worth adj.__________________
20. manner n.__________(pl.)________
21. empty adj.__________________
22. basic adj.__________________
23. exchange n.&v.__________________
24. teenage adj.__________________
25. granddaughter n.__________________
26. behave v.__________________
27.except prep.___________conj._________
28. elbow n.__________________
29. gradually adv.__________________
30. suggestion n.__________________
二、单词（汉译英）学后测试用
1.n.风俗;习俗___________________
2.v.&n.鞠躬___________________
3.v.&n.亲吻;接吻___________________
4.v.和......打招呼;迎接___________________
5.adj.放松的;自在的___________________
6.v.重视;珍视n.价值___________________
7.n.首都;国都___________________
8.n.正午;中午___________________
9.adj.很生气;疯的___________________
10.n.努力;尽力___________________
11.n.护照___________________
12.n.粉笔___________________
13.n.黑板___________________
14.adj.北方的;北部的___________________
15.n.海岸;海滨___________________
16.n.季;季节___________________
17.v.敲;击n敲击声;敲击__________________
18.adj.东方的;东部的___________________
19.adj.值得;有......价值(的)________________
20.n.方式;方法(pl.)礼貌;礼仪______________
21.adj.空的;空洞的___________________
22.adj.基本的;基础的___________________
23.n.&v.交换___________________
24.adj.十几岁的;青少年的_______________
25.n.(外)孙女___________________
26.v.表现;举止___________________
27.prep.除......之外conj.除了;只是___________
28.n.肘;胳膊___________________
29.adv.逐步地;渐进地___________________
30.n.建议___________________
三、短语（英译汉）预习用
1.shake hands___________________
2.be supposed to___________________
3.for the first time___________________
4.be expected to___________________
5.make mistakes___________________
6.as soon as___________________
7. hold out___________________
8. to one's surprise___________________
9. on both sides of___________________
10. find out___________________
11. everyday lives___________________
12. drop by___________________
13. make plans to do sth.___________________
14. on time___________________
15. after all___________________
16.get mad___________________
17. make an effort___________________
18. no big deal___________________
19.clean...off___________________
20. take off___________________
21. point at___________________
22. student exchange program_______________
23. go out of one's way___________________
24. make...feel at home___________________
25. because of___________________
26. cut up___________________
27.get used to___________________
28. be excited about___________________
29.look forward to doing sth.________________ 30.show up___________________
四、短语（汉译英）学后测试用
1.握手____________________
2.应该;被期望____________________
3.第一次;首次____________________
4.被期望____________________
5.犯错误____________________
6.一......就......____________________
7.伸出____________________
8.使某人吃惊的是____________________
9.在......的两边____________________
10.查明;弄清____________________
11.日常生活____________________
12.顺便访问;随便进入____________________
13.计划做某事____________________
14.准时____________________
15.毕竞;终归____________________
16.大动肝火;气愤____________________
17.作出努力____________________
18.没什么大事____________________
19.把......擦掉____________________
20.脱下(衣服);(飞机等)起飞_______________
21.指向;对准____________________
22.交换生项目____________________
23.特地;格外努力____________________
24.使(某人)感到宾至如归_________________
25.由于____________________
26.切碎____________________
27.习惯于____________________
28.对......感到兴奋____________________
29.盼望做某事___________________ 30.出现___________________
Period 1 Section A (1a－2d)
必背单词
1. kiss v. & n. 亲吻; 接吻
2. greet v. 和……打招呼; 迎接→ greeting n. 问候
必背短语
3. shake hands 握手
4. be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事
5. for the first time 第一次; 首次
6. be expected to do sth. 被期望做某事
7. make mistakes 犯错误
8. as soon as 一……就……
9. hold out 伸出
10. to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是
11. find out 查明; 弄清 (情况)
必背句子
12. What are people in Korea supposed to do when they meet for the first time
在韩国人们第一次见面时应该做什么
13. In the United States, they’re expected to shake hands.
在美国, 他们被期望握手。
14. I met a Japanese boy called Sato, and as soon as I held out my hand, he
bowed. 我遇见了一个叫佐藤的日本男孩, 我一伸出手(要跟他握手) 时，
他就鞠了一躬。
15. That’s how people in Japan are expected to greet each other.
那就是日本人被期望互相打招呼的方式。
Period 2 Section A (3a-3c)
必背单词
1. relaxed adj. 放松的; 自在的→ relaxing adj. 令人放松的
→ relax v. 放松; 休息
2. value v. 重视; 珍视 n. 价值→ valuable adj. 贵重的; 宝贵的
3. capital n. 首都; 国都→ the capital of ……的首都
4. noon n. 正午; 中午→ at noon 在中午
5. mad adj. 很生气; 疯的→get/be mad at/with sb. 对某人很生气
必背短语
6. a bit 有点儿　
7. drop by 顺便访问; 随便进入
8. make plans 制订计划
9. as...as sb. can/could 某人尽可能……
10. on time 准时
11. after all 毕竟; 终归
12. get mad 大动肝火; 气愤
13. make an effort 作出努力
14. big deal 重要的事或人
必背句子
15. We often just drop by our friends’ homes if we have time.
如果有时间，我们常常就只顺便到朋友家里拜访。
16. We often just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can!
我们经常只是在城镇中心走走, 尽可能见到更多的朋友！
17. In Switzerland, it’s very important to be on time.
在瑞士, 守时是很重要的。
It’s no big deal! 没什么大不了的!
Period 3 Section A (Grammar Focus-4c)
必背单词
1. passport n. 护照
2. chalk n. 粉笔→a piece of chalk 一支粉笔
3. blackboard n. 黑板
4. northern adj. 北方的; 北部的→north n. 北; 北方 adv. 朝北; 向北
5. coast n. 海岸; 海滨→ on the coast在岸上→along the coast 沿着海岸
6. season n. 季; 季节
7. knock v. 敲; 击n. 敲击声; 敲击→knock on/at 敲……
8. eastern adj. 东方的; 东部的→east n. 东; 东方 adv. 朝东; 向东
9. worth adj. 值得; 有……价值(的) →be worth doing 值得做
→worthy adj. 值得……的
10. manner n. 方式; 方法 (pl.) 礼貌; 礼仪
必背短语
11. go abroad 出国
12. clean…off 把……擦掉
13. take off 脱下(衣服) ; (飞机等) 起飞
14. table manners 餐桌礼仪
必背句子
15. You’re supposed to shake hands. 你应该握手。
16. You’re not supposed to kiss. 你不应该亲吻。
17. —Am I supposed to wear jeans
我应该穿牛仔裤吗？
—No, you’re expected to wear a suit and tie.
不，你应该穿西装、打领带。
18. Yes, it’s very impolite to keep others waiting.
是的，让别人等待是非常不礼貌的。
Period 4 Section B (1a-1d)
必背单词
1. empty adj. 空的; 空洞的
必背短语
2. stick sth. into 将某物插入……
3. point at 指向
4. at the table 在桌旁→at table 在吃饭
Period 5 Section B (2a-2e)
必背单词
1. basic adj. 基本的; 基础的
2. exchange n. & v. 交换
3. granddaughter n. (外) 孙女
4. behave v. 表现; 举止
→behavior n. 行为; 举止; 态度
5. except prep. 除……之外 conj. 除了; 只是
必背短语
6. have a great time 玩得开心；过得愉快
7. go out of one’s way 特地; 格外努力
8. make sb. feel at home 使某人感到宾至如归
9. get used to 习惯于→used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
必背句子
10. I was a bit nervous before I arrived here, but there was no reason to be.
我到这里之前还有一点儿紧张，但这的确没必要。
11. Another example is that you’re not supposed to eat anything with your hands except bread, not even fruit.
另一个例子是除了面包, 你不应该用手吃任何东西, 甚至是水果。
Period 6 Section B (3a-Self Check)
必背单词
1. suggestion n. 建议→ suggest v. 建议
必背短语
2. be excited about 对……感到兴奋/激动
3. look forward to doing sth. 期望做某事
4. show up 出现; 露面
Section A教材要点精析
1.Customs
要点1 custom的用法
用法分析custom /'k st m/ n. 风俗；习俗
Eg.Every country has its customs.乡有乡俗。[谚]
It’s important to keep different languages and customs alive.将不同的语言和习俗保留下来很重要。
The custom of drinking tea became popular in the UK during the 1660s.
17世纪60年代，喝茶的习俗在英国流行起来。
custom的常用搭配：
traditional custom 传统习俗
folk custom 民间习俗
local custom 当地习俗
the custom of doing sth. 做某事的习俗。
辨析：custom与habit
custom 主要指某个民族或社会在发展过程中长期沿袭下来的礼节、风俗或习惯。
habit 指一个人经常做某事，久而久之形成的习惯或习性。
Eg.There are many different customs and habits among different countries. We must find out and follow their customs. 不同的国家有许多不同的风俗和习惯。我们必须了解并遵循他们的习俗。
【新题速递】Chinese tea art with its ___custom___(习俗) was included in the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage(非物质文化遗产名录) by UNESCO in 2022.
2.bow
要点2 bow的用法
用法分析bow /ba / v. & n. 鞠躬
作不及物动词，意为“鞠躬”，常与to/before连用，意为“向……鞠躬”。
还可作名词，意为“鞠躬”。
Eg.He bowed low to the crowd.他向人群深深地鞠了一躬。
The speaker greeted the reporters with a bow before the meeting.会议开始前，发言人鞠躬和记者们打招呼。
拓展(1) bow也可用作及物动词，意为“低(头) ”。
Eg.She bowed her head in shame.她羞愧地低下了头。
(2) bow 作名词时，还可意为“弓；蝴蝶结”(读作/b /) 。
Eg.Tom made his son a bow.汤姆为他的儿子做了一张弓。
He tied his shoelaces in a bow.他把鞋带打成个蝴蝶结。
3.shake hands
要点3 shake hands的用法
用法分析shake hands 握手
Eg.People in the US often shake hands with people they have just met.
在美国，人们经常和刚认识的人握手。
shake 的相关短语：
shake hands with sb. =shake sb. by the hand 与某人握手
shake one’s hand 握某人的手(强调一方的动作，hand 用单数)
拓展 shake 作动词，意为“摇动；(使) 颤动”，其过去式和过去分词分别为shook 和shaken。
它还可以作名词，意为“奶昔”。
Eg.The whole house shakes when a train goes past.火车驶过时，整座房子都颤动起来。
How do you make a banana shake 你如何制作香蕉奶昔？
【新题速递】通过5G，在两个不同城市的人甚至能在同一个屏幕中“握手”。
Through 5G, people in two different cities can even “ __shake hands__” on the same screen.
4.kiss
要点4 kiss的用法
用法分析kiss /k s/ v. & n. 亲吻；接吻
kiss 的常用搭配：
kiss sb. on...亲吻某人的……
kiss sb. goodbye/goodnight 亲吻某人道别/道晚安
拓展 1、可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词。
Eg.Different countries have different manners about social situations. In Brazil, people sometimes kiss.
不同的国家在社交场合有不同的礼仪。在巴西，人们有时会亲吻。
She leaned up and kissed him on the cheek.她靠上来吻了他的脸颊。
Tom kissed his parents goodnight.汤姆亲吻了他的父母道晚安。
2、kiss 还可作可数名词，意为“吻”。其复数形式为kisses，give sb. a kiss=kiss sb. 亲吻某人。
Eg.The mother gave the baby a kiss. 妈妈给了宝宝一个吻。
【新题速递】The handsome prince(王子) gave the princess a kiss , and then she came back to life.
5.In your country, what are you supposed to do when you meet someone for the first time
要点5 be supposed to的用法 (重点)
用法分析be supposed to 应该
be supposed to 后接动词原形，相当于should，用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。
其否定形式为be not supposed to，意为“不应该”。
Eg.Everyone in our class is supposed to get to school on time.
=Everyone in our class should get to school on time.我们班里的每个人都应该按时到校。
拓展suppose 意为“认为，推断”时，其后常接宾语从句，它的近义词为 think，consider。
在宾语从句中其否定要前移(主句主语多为第一人称) 。
Eg.I suppose (that) tree planting activities are very important.我认为植树活动很重要。
I don’t suppose he will come here because he hates a place full of strangers.
我想他不会来这里，因为他讨厌一个满是陌生人的地方。
【新题速递】父母应该教他们的孩子在公共场合举止得体。
Parents are supposed to teach their kids to behave in a correct way in public.
6.In the United States, they’re expected to shake hands.
要点6 be expected to do sth. 的用法 (重点)
用法分析 be expected to do sth. 被期待做某事；被期望做某事
Eg.The report was not expected to provide any answers.这个报告没被期望提供什么答案。
【新题速递】You’re expected to shake (shake) hands when meeting people for the first time in China.
要点7 expect 的用法
用法分析 expect / k'spekt/ v. 期待；预料；等待 后接名词、代词、动词不定式或从句。
Eg.We’re expecting you for dinner. 我们在等你吃晚饭。
A lot of travelers expect to enjoy many jacarandas in Kunming.很多游客期待在昆明欣赏到许多蓝花楹。
He expected me to tell the truth. 他期望我讲实话。
I expect that he will come to our party tonight.我期望今晚他会来参加我们的聚会。
expect 的常用搭配：
expect sb./sth. 期待/等待某人或某物
expect to do sth. 期望做某事
expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事
expect + that 从句 期望……
特别提醒：expect 与except(除……之外) 极像双胞胎，千万别混用！
【新题速递】The composer who created Learn from the Role Model Lei Feng (《学习雷锋好榜样》) didn’t __A__
the song would be enjoyed by many people for more than 60 years.
A．expect B．allow C．receive
7.Maria’s mistakes
要点8 mistake 的用法
用法分析 mistake /m ‘ste k/ n. 错误 mistake 是可数名词。
Eg.It would be a mistake to ignore his opinion. 忽略他的意见是不对的。
You can find a native speaker and communicate with the person
without worrying about making mistakes. 你可以找一个以英语为母语的人和他交流，不用担心犯错。
I took your bag instead of mine by mistake. 我错拿了你的包。
拓展mistake (mistook, mistaken) 还可作动词，意为“看错；误解”。mistake A for B“把A 错当成B”。
Eg.I’m afraid you have mistaken kitchen waste for recyclable waste. 恐怕你把厨余垃圾错当成可回收垃圾了。
mistake 的相关短语：
make mistakes/a mistake (in...) (在……方面) 出错；犯错误
by mistake 错误地；无意地
【新题速递】It’s important to learn from ____mistakes____ (错误) and become stronger.
8.greeted Paul’s mother the wrong way
要点9 greet 的用法
用法分析 greet /ɡri t/ v. 和……打招呼；迎接
Eg.He greets me with a smile. 他微笑着向我打招呼。
We greeted her mother by saying “Good morning!”
我们向她母亲打招呼说“早上好！”
拓展greeting n. 问候；招呼
Eg.He sends greetings to all the family. 他向全家人问候。
greet 相当于say hello to,后接名词或代词作宾语。常与with 搭配使用，表示“以……方式问候/打招呼”。
greet with 以……方式问候/打招呼
【新题速递】Chinese greet each other by shaking hands while Japanese bow.
要点10 the wrong way 的用法 (重点)
用法分析 the wrong way 以错误的方式 the wrong way 相当于in the wrong way。
当way 构成的短语表示“用……方式/ 方法”时，常加介词 in。
Eg.If you’re in the wrong way, running is useless.如果你在错误的路上，奔跑没有用。
In this way, you can master the grammar rules.用这种方式，你就能掌握语法规则。
特别提醒：如果 way 前有this，that 或the 等词时，in 通常可以省略。但如果位于句首，in 不能忽略。
9.But a funny thing happened.
要点11 happen的用法
用法分析 happen /'h p n/ v. 发生 happen 是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。
happen 发生 ① sth. happen(s) to sb. 某人发生了某事 ② sth. happen(s) + 时间或地点 在某时或某地发生了某事
碰巧 ① sb. happen(s) to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事 ② It happens + 从句 碰巧……
Eg.What happened to you last night 昨天晚上你发生了什么事？
An accident happened in this street last week.上周在这条街道上发生了一场事故。
I happened to meet my teacher in the street.我碰巧在街上遇见了我的老师。
It happened that I was out when he called me.他给我打电话时我碰巧出去了。
【新题速递】1、I like to follow the story and see what will happen next.
2、让我吃惊的是，我们对此事的看法竟不谋而合。
I was really surprised to see that we ___happened to agree with___ each other on this thing.
10.I met a Japanese boy called Sato, and as soon as I held out my hand, he bowed.
句子分析
I met a Japanese boy called Sato, and as soon as I held out my hand, he bowed.
要点12 as soon as 一……就…… 的用法 (高频)
用法分析 as soon as 相当于the minute (that) 常用来引导时间状语从句，强调两个动作几乎同时发生。
Eg.He fell in love with Chinese calligraphy as soon as he saw Zhang Daqian’s works.
他一看到张大千的作品就爱上了中国书法。
I will come over to your house as soon as I have free time tomorrow. 明天我一有空就到你家来。
Let’s start as soon as he comes. 他一来咱们就开始。
特别提醒：
as soon as 引导时间状语从句时, 若主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时。若主句为祈使句或含有情态动词，从句也要用一般现在时。
【新题速递】我们一到公园，老师就把我们分成三组。
Our teacher divided us into 3 groups __as__ ___soon____ ___as____ we got to the park.
11.It’s impolite if you don’t bow.
要点13 impolite 的用法 (高频)
用法分析 impolite / mp 'la t/ adj. 不礼貌的
impolite 是由polite (adj. 有礼貌的) + im- (否定前缀) 构成的。
Eg.It’s impolite to break in when someone is speaking.别人说话时插嘴是不礼貌的。
As middle school students, we shouldn’t have impolite behaviour in public places.
作为中学生，我们不应该在公共场所有不礼貌的行为。
Always keep in mind: Be polite and patient.永远记住：要有礼貌和耐心。
构词法记单词
前缀im-用于构成形容词的反义词，其他常见的否定前缀有：un-，dis-等。
e.g. possible-impossible；
happy-unhappy；
honest-dishonest
impolite 的词形变化：
impolite polite adj.礼貌的
impolitely adv. 不礼貌地
politely adv. 礼貌地
【新题速递】It is __impolite__ (polite) to talk loudly in public places.
要点14 if 引导的条件状语从句
在含有if 引导的条件状语从句的复合句中，主句为以下情况之一时，条件状语从句用一般现在时：
(1) 主句是一般将来时
Eg.We won’t go to the museum if it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨我们将不去博物馆。
(2) 主句含有情态动词
Eg.If we start now, we can finish the work on time.我们如果现在开始，就可以按时完成工作。
(3) 主句是祈使句
Eg.Work hard if you want to get good grades.你如果想取得好成绩，就要努力学习。
拓展：if 作“是否”讲时，引导宾语从句。
Eg.I’m not sure if I will be free tomorrow.我不确定明天我是否有空。
He asked me if he could use my computer.他问我他能否用我的电脑。
特别提醒:当主句是现在的某种时态时，if 从句的时态要根据实际情况而定。
当主句是过去时态时，if 从句要用过去的某种时态。
【新题速递】 ___A___ you are too tired to do all the things on your To-Do list，try a To-Don’t list.
A. If B. Until C. Although D. Unless
12.I held out my hand and to my surprise, she kissed me on both sides of my face!
要点15 to one’s surprise 的用法
用法分析 to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的 surprise是作名词，意为“惊讶；惊奇”。
Eg.To my surprise, he has made so much progress.令我惊讶的是, 他取得了如此大的进步。
The little girl asked her mother in surprise.小女孩惊讶地问她妈妈。
拓展：(1) surprise 还可作动词，意为“使惊讶”。surprise sb. 使某人惊讶
Eg.We’ll solve the case ourselves and surprise everyone.我们将自己解决这件事，并让所有人吃惊。
surprise 的其他常用短语：
in surprise 惊奇地；吃惊地
give sb. a surprise 给某人一个惊喜
(2) surprise 的相关词：
surprised adj. 惊奇的；惊讶的(主语通常为人)
surprising adj. 令人吃惊的；使人惊奇的 (常以物作主语或修饰物)
Eg.Visitors to Sichuan are surprised at so many choices they have for food.
来四川旅游的游客惊讶于他们有这么多的食物选择。
They were surprised to find that he’d already left.他们惊奇地发现他已经离开了。
The result was surprising. 结果令人惊讶。
一语辨异：
We were all surprised at the surprising news.
我们都对这令人惊讶的消息感到惊讶。
surprised 的常见搭配：
be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊讶
be surprised to do sth. 惊讶地做某事
【新题速递】 让我们吃惊的是, 这位国际友人擅长烹制中餐。
____To our surprise____, the foreign friend is good at cooking Chinese food.
要点16 both 的用法
用法分析 both /b θ/ det. & pron. 两个都
①作限定词，后接可数名词复数，反义词为neither，意为“两者都不”。
Eg.Both answers are right. 两个答案都对。
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。
有both 的句子变否定句时一般不借助not，常把both 变为neither。
② both 作代词，可以单独使用，也可以用于both of... 结构，both of... 作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。
Eg.—Which one do you want to buy 你想买哪一个？
—I want to buy both. 我两个都想买。
Both of them are teachers. 他们俩都是老师。
They both showed great interest in Chinese culture.他们俩都对中国文化表现出极大的兴趣。
辨析: both, all, neither 与none
both 指“两者都”, 作主语时谓语动词用复数。其反义词为neither。
all 指“三者或三者以上都”, 作主语时谓语动词用复数。其反义词为none。
neither 指“两者都不”, 后接of短语作主语时谓语动词用单数或复数均可。
none 指“三者或三者以上都不”, 后接of短语作主语时谓语动词用单数或复数均可。
Eg.All of us are interested in history. 我们都对历史感兴趣。
Neither of the twins has/have been to Beijing.这对双胞胎都没有去过北京。
None of these pens works/work. 这些钢笔都不能用。
both 作同位语，通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前。
【新题速递】
—More and more teenagers are becoming interested in Xiangsheng and Xiaopin nowadays.
—Yeah, that’s because ___C___ can give people a big laugh.
A. all B. none C. both D. neither
13.Later I found out French people are supposed to kiss when they see each other.
要点15 find out 的用法
用法分析 find out 查明, 弄清(情况)
Eg.Please find out when the meeting starts. 请查清楚会议什么时候开始。
find out后可接由that，what，when 或how 等引导的宾语从句，也可接名词。
辨析: find out, look for 与find
find out 意为“弄清; 查明”, 指通过观察、探索或调查而得。
look for 意为“寻找”, 强调找的动作和过程。
find 意为“找到; 发现”, 强调找的结果。
Eg.Find out what you did wrong, and then try to improve it for the next game.
弄清你做错了什么，然后试着在下一场比赛中改进它。
What are you looking for 你在找什么？
Did you find the lost child 你们找到那个丢失的孩子了吗？
以out 结尾的动词短语有：①stay out 待在外面
②put out 熄灭
③run out 用尽
④hand out 分发
一语辨异:
I was looking for my glasses everywhere, but I couldn’t find them. At last, my mother found out they were under my bed. 我到处找我的眼镜，但找不到。最后，我妈妈发现它们在我的床下。
【新题速递】—Why does Linda dislike me
—I don’t know. You’ll have to ___D___ the reason yourself.
A. go out B. bring out
C. come out D. find out
14.Where I’m from, we’re pretty relaxed about time.
句子分析 此句中Where用作连词，引导地点状语，说明主句行为发生的地点。
Where I’m from, we’re pretty relaxed about time.
要点16 relaxed 的用法
用法分析 relaxed /r 'l kst/ adj. 放松的；自在的
作表语，be relaxed about... 对……感到放松/ 随意
Eg.We are relaxed about our breakfast.我们对我们的早餐比较随意。
辨析: relaxed 与relaxing
relaxed “感到放松的”，通常修饰 人 （人/物），用来表示人的感受，在句中通常作表语，也可作定语或补语。
relaxing “令人放松的”，通常修饰 物 （人/物），在句中作定语或表语。
Eg.After a rest, he felt relaxed. 休息之后，他感到很轻松。
The piece of music sounds relaxing.这首曲子听起来令人放松。
一语辨异：Listening to relaxing music is a good way to relax, because it can make us feel relaxed.
听令人放松的音乐是放松的一个好方法，因为它可以让我们感到轻松。
拓展：relax 是动词，意为“放松; 休息”。Relax oneself “放松自己”。
规律总结：以 -ed 结尾的形容词多用来描述人，说明人的某种情绪或感受；
以 -ing 结尾的形容词多用来描述事物，说明事物本身的特性。
如：interested 感兴趣的 interesting 有趣的
excited 兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋的
tired 疲倦的 tiring 令人困倦的
【新题速递】 1、Alex realized that Sophia was trying to make him feel ___relaxed___(放松)
2、After the final exam, we will feel D and we’ ll have a winter holiday.
A. relaxing;relaxing B. relaxing;relaxed C. relaxed;relaxed D. relaxed;relaxing
3、Listening to the D music always makes me .
A. relaxed; relaxing B. relaxed; relaxed C. relaxing; relaxing D. relaxing; relaxed
15.We value the time we spend with our family and friends in our everyday lives.
要点17 value 的用法
用法分析 value /'v lju / v. 重视; 珍视 n. 价值
Eg.Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
谦虚使人进步，自负使人落后。（谚语）
v. 重视；珍视
value sb./ sth. (for sth.) (因……而) 重视某人/ 某物
value sb. / sth. as...把某人或某物珍视为……
Eg.I value her for her kindness and understanding.我因她的善良和善解人意而珍视她。
I really value him as a friend. 我真的把他珍视为朋友。
n. 价值
be of great value 有很大价值
the value of... ……的价值
Eg.The environmental protection work is of great value, so I will continue doing it.
环保工作很有价值，所以我会继续做下去。
The son realized the value of hard work.儿子意识到了努力工作的价值。
There is nothing valuable in the bag. 包里没有什么贵重的东西。
valuable 是value 的形容词，意为“贵重的；宝贵的”。
【新题速递】 1、It’s necessary for us to learn to ___B___ time and make good use of every minute.
A．spend B．value C．record D．waste
16.We often just drop by our friends’ homes if we have time.
要点18 drop by 的用法
用法分析 drop by 顺便访问；随便进入 过去式和过去分词均为dropped，现在分词为dropping
drop by 可单独使用，也可接表示地点的名词，此时相当于come over to。
Eg.If you’re free tomorrow, why don’t you drop by for a chat
如果你明天有空，为什么不顺便过来聊聊呢？
However busy he is, he often spares time to drop by colleges to make young people know more about the folk art.
不管他有多忙，他经常抽出时间去大学，让年轻人更多地了解民间艺术。
拓展：
drop in 顺便走访；顺便拜访 （drop by 可单独使用也可直接加宾语，
而drop in 必须先接介词再加宾语。）
drop in on sb. 顺便拜访某人
drop in at + 地点 顺便访问某地
drop back/behind 落后
drop out(of) 退出
Eg.I plan to drop in on my teacher after school today. I haven’t seen her for a long time.
我计划今天放学后顺便拜访我的老师。我已经很久没有见到她了。
The manager dropped in at the bank to get some money.经理顺便去银行取了些钱。
Work harder, or you’ll drop behind others.
再努力一点，否则你会落后于他人。
Lu Xun dropped out of the medical school in 1906 and took up writing to wake up the Chinese people at that time. 1906 年鲁迅从医学院辍学, 开始写作来唤醒当时的中国人。
【新题速递】 1、—I hear you are in my town. __A__ any time you like.
—I’ll if I have time.
A. Drop by B. Turn down
C. Show up D. Run off
16.We often just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can!
动词的-ing 形式短语seeing as many of our friends as we can 作伴随状语，
说明作谓语的动词短语walk around表示的动作发生时，另一个动作也在发生。
要点18 as...as sb. can/could 的用法
用法分析 as...as sb. can/could 某人尽可能……
as...as sb. can/could 相当于 as...as possible。
Eg.Try every means to read as many books as you can.想尽一切办法尽可能多读书。
If you want to catch up with him, you must work as hard as possible/you can.
如果你想赶上他，你必须尽可能努力学习。
【新题速递】 1、去年寒假，琳达在北京待了两个多星期。她想参观尽可能多的地方。
Last winter holiday, Linda stayed in Beijing for __more__ __than__ two weeks. She wanted to visit __as__ many places __as__ she could.
17.①...so we don’t mind if people are a little late sometimes.……因此如果有时人们迟到一会儿，我们并不介意。 ②...it’s OK if you arrive a bit late.……你迟到一会儿也没有关系。
要点19 a little与a bit 的用法
【易混辨析】a little与a bit
短语 相同之处 不同之处
a little 都可表示程度，意为“稍微；有点儿”，且都可以修饰动词、形容词等 可直接修饰不可数名词
a bit 修饰不可数名词时，要用a bit of
Eg.She’s a bit/a little afraid of the teacher. 她有点儿害怕老师。（修饰形容词）
Please turn down the radio a bit/a little. 请把收音机音量调小一点儿。（修饰动词）
There is a little water in the glass.=There is a bit of water in the glass.玻璃杯里有一点儿水。（修饰不可数名词）
【新题速递】
1.—Is your friend Michael still in Australia
—I don't know. I have___B____information about him because we haven't seen each other for________ years.
A. a little; a few B. little; a few C. a few; a little D. few; a little
2.She doesn’t like to meet people. She’s___B____shy.
A.a lot of B.a bit C.a little of D.little
3.Miss White said___A____to cheer me up.
A.a lot B.a lot of C.little D.lot of
18.In Switzerland, it’s very important to be on time. 在瑞士，守时非常重要。
要点20 it’s +adj+to do sth 的用法
用法分析 it’s +adj+to do sth 做……是……的
该结构中it为形式主语，动词不定式短语为真正的主语。
Eg.It’s very important to learn a foreign language.学习一门外语是非常重要的。
要点21 on time 的用法
用法分析 on time 准时; 按时
辨析: on time 与 in time
on time 表示“准时、按时”, 事情是按计划发生的, 指正好在约定的时间发生, 一般放在句末。
in time 表示“及时”，指在约定的时间之前发生。
Eg.You are supposed to eat on time. 你应该按时吃饭。
Luckily, the old man was saved in time by a doctor passing by.幸运的是，那位老人被一位路过的医生及时救了。
After work, I drop by the gym for a quick workout at times.下班后，我有时会顺便去健身房快速锻炼一下。
By the time I reached school, the teacher had already enteredthe classroom. 我到校的时候，老师已经进了教室。
No one can do two things well at the same time.没有人能同时做好两件事。
time 构成的其他短语：
【新题速递】她总是按时到校，从未迟到过。
She always gets to school ___on___ ___time___ and has never been late for school.
19.In Switzerland, it’s very important to be on time. 在瑞士，守时非常重要。
要点22 the capital of... 的用法
用法分析 the capital of... ……的首都/ 国都
Eg.Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。
拓展：(1) capital 作名词，还可意为“大写字母”，常与介词in 连用。
Eg.Please write in capitals. 请用大写字母书写。
(2) capital 还可作形容词，意为“大写的”。
Eg.This is a capital letter. 这是一个大写的字母。
【新题速递】Beijing, ___C___ capital of China, is ______ city with a long history.
A. /; the B. a; the C. the; a
要点23 after all 的用法 (高频)
用法分析 after all 毕竟；终归
after all 是固定短语，可位于句首、句中或句末，在句中作状语，可用于强调某个理由或重要的论点。
Eg.We should make our own decisions. After all, no one knows us better than ourselves.
我们应该自己做决定。毕竟，没有人比我们更了解自己。
He should have paid. He suggested it, after all. after all 还可意为“别忘了”，用来解释或说明理由。
他本应该支付的，别忘了，是他提议的。
含all 的其他常用短语：
① above all 首先；最重要的是
② not at all 一点也不；根本不(用于否定句)
③ in all 总共
Above all, you should often let the doctor check your eyesight.
首先，你应该经常让医生检查你的视力。
I can’t see her at all. It’s too dark.
天太黑了，我根本看不见她。
There are more than ten thousand books in all in the library.
图书馆里总共有一万多本书。
【新题速递】—This is so difficult that I want to give up.
—Take it easy. __D__, it takes time to learn something new.
A．In that case B．For example
C．By the way D．After all
19.If you’re even 15 minutes late, your friend may get mad. 哪怕你仅迟到了15分钟，你的朋友也可能会很生气。
要点22 get mad 的用法
用法分析 get mad 大动肝火；气愤
Eg.I really get mad when you take things without asking.你不问就拿东西，我真的很生气。
I don’t think you should get mad at your mum.我认为你不应该生你妈妈的气。
Don’t get mad about the broken window.别为这个破碎的窗户而恼火。
get mad at/with sb.表示“生某人的气”，同义短语为get angry at/with sb.；
get mad about sth.表示“对某事感到气愤”,“因某事生气”。
Eg.Whatever I say, please don’t get mad at/with me. 无论我说什么，请不要生我的气。
There’s no need to get mad about it! 没必要为这件事发火。
mad作形容词，意为“很生气；疯的”，其比较级和最高级分别为 madder ， maddest 。
Eg.The result drove me mad. 这个结果使我发疯。
This morning he was a little mad. 今天早上他有点生气。
拓展：mad 还可意为“特别喜欢；痴迷”。be mad about/on... 对……着迷。
If you are mad about football, you can choose to work in a sports shop or help out at a local football club.
如果你对足球着迷，你可以选择在体育用品商店工作或在当地的足球俱乐部帮忙。
mad 的常用搭配：
drive sb. mad 使某人发疯
be mad 感到生气(强调状态)
【新题速递】In my memory, my math teacher, Miss Smith, was always patient with us and she seldom got mad .
20.So I make an effort to be on time when I meet my friends.
要点23 make an effort 的用法
用法分析make an effort 意为“作出努力”，其中effort作名词，意为“努力；尽力”。
make an effort to do sth “努力做某事”。
make an effort 中的an 也可以根据情况换成another, every, one more, no 等词。
I will make every effort to arrive on time.我将尽一切努力准时到达。
He decided to make one more effort. 他决定再努力一次。
拓展：effort 作名词，“努力；尽力”。
China will put more effort into keeping green mountains and clear rivers.中国将更加努力地保持青山绿水。
They lifted the heavy rock without effort.他们毫不费力就把那块沉重的石头举起来了。
The only thing in life achieved without effort is failure.唯独失败无需努力便唾手可得。[谚]
特别提醒：
① effort 泛指努力时，通常是不可数名词。
② effort 强调一次具体的努力时，通常是可数名词。
effort 的其他相关短语：
put more effort into doing sth.更加努力做某事
without effort 毫不费力
【新题速递】
1.We must make ____C____ effort to run there in order to meet my grandparents earlier.
A. a B. the C. an D. /
2.The doctors are making an effort____C____the patients.
A. save B. saving C. to save D. saved
3.China has made great efforts ___B___ other countries build high-speed railways.
A．help B．to help C．helping D．Helped
21. I always leave the house early to avoid heavy traffic because I think it’s impolite to keep others waiting.
要点24 avoid 的用法
用法分析 avoid / 'v d/ v. 避免；回避
Smart homes are helpful in avoiding the unnecessary waste, so they possibly benefit the environment.
智能家居有助于避免不必要的浪费，因此它们可能对环境有益。
Learn from past mistakes to avoid future ones.惩前毖后。
They avoid going out alone after dark.他们避免黄昏后独自出门。
avoid 为及物动词后接名词、代词或动词的-ing 形式作宾语。
avoid doing sth.避免做某事
拓展 ：巧记接动词的 -ing 形式作宾语的动词及短语：
享受介意必完成: (enjoy, mind, finish)
考虑建议盼望着: (consider, suggest, look forward to)
避免错过继续练: (avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise)
想要成功坚持忙: (feel like, succeed in, stick to, be busy)
习惯放弃有困难: (be used to, give up, have difficulty/ trouble)
【新题速递】My father always ___avoids___ (避免) clothes shopping, for he doesn’t care about his clothing.
要点25 keep sb. doing sth. 的用法
用法分析 keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
为“keep + 宾语+ 宾语补足语”结构，此处是动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语。
keep 在此处作及物动词，意为“(使) 保持”。
The coach kept the players doing drills to improve their skills.教练让球员们一直做练习以提高他们的技术。
keep+adj. 保持某种状态
Keep quiet, please.请保持安静。
拓展：
(1) 在“keep + 宾语+ 宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语还可以是形容词、副词或介词短语。
keep + 人/ 物+ 形容词
keep + 人/ 物+ 副词
keep + 人/ 物+ 介词短语
We must keep the classroom clean every day.我们必须每天保持教室干净。
Don’t keep him away from home.不要让他离开家。
Keep your mind on the task at hand.专心于手头的任务。
(2) keep(on) doing sth. 继续做某事
There are always some things we just have to keep on doing.
总有一些事情，我们不得不继续做下去。
(3) keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
Planting trees can keep soil from being washed away.
植树可以防止土壤流失。
【新题速递】I would keep ____practicing____ (practice) after daily training every day.
22. Also, we never visit a friend’s house without calling first.
本句是一个含有双重否定的句子，句子中never 和without 都表示否定意义，合在一起表示肯定意义。
双重否定：常见的双重否定结构：no/not/never/without/ hardly 等否定词+ 表示否定意义的词或短语。
No one is not interested in this topic.没有人对这个话题不感兴趣。
要点26 without 的用法
用法分析 without /w ' a t/ prep. 无；没有 其反义词为with。
后接名词、代词或动词的-ing 形式，表示伴随情况或条件，在句中作状语。
He found the place without difficulty.他毫不费力地找到了那个地方。
My life seems meaningless without you.没有你，我的生活似乎没有意义。
It was very impolite of her to leave without telling us.她不向我们打声招呼就走了，太不礼貌了。
【新题速递】—Maria. You have made such great progress in English.
—Thanks, Ms. Chen. I can’t make it _____ your help.
A．with B．without C．for
23. We usually plan to do something interesting, or go somewhere together.
要点27 something interesting 的用法
用法分析 something interesting 有趣的事情
形容词修饰不定代词时，放在不定代词的后面。
Learning is a lifelong journey because we can learn something new every day.
学习是一生的旅程，因为我们每天都可以学到新东西。
We are trying to do everything possible to help you.我们正尽一切可能帮助你。
指人的不定代词：
someone 某人
anyone 任何人
everyone 人人，每人
somebody 某人
anybody 任何人
everybody 人人
nobody 没有人
指物/事的不定代词：
something 某物；某事
anything 任何物；任何事
everything 每件事；所有事物
nothing 没有什么；没有一件东西
【新题速递】—Tina, did you buy ___A___ when you went to Dazhou last month
—Of course. I bought some Dengying Beef for my parents.
anything special B．special anything C．something special
24. In many eastern European countries, you are supposed/expected to take off your gloves before shaking hands. 在许多东欧国家，在握手之前你应该摘下你的手套。
要点28 take off 的用法
用法分析 take off在此处意为“脱下（衣服）”，为“动词+副词”型词组。
其反义短语为 put on “穿上”。
Take off your coat. It’s too hot. = Take your coat off. It’s too hot. 脱下你的外套。太热了。
Your shoes look dirty. You should take them off. 你的鞋子看起来脏了。你应该把它们脱下来。
take off还可意为“（飞机等）起飞”。
The plane took off an hour late. 飞机起飞晚了一个小时。
【拓展延伸】含off的其他常用短语：
【新题速递】
1.What bad weather! The plane can’t B from the airport on time.
A.put off B. take off C. turn off D. get off
2.I will have a meeting tomorrow, so I have to A my trip to Beijing.
A.put off B. go off C. cut off D. take off
3.与人握手时脱下手套是一种礼貌。(take)
It is polite ____to take off_____ your gloves when you shake hands with others.
25. ...but it is worth the trouble if you want to understand another culture.……但是如果你想理解另一种文化，这种麻烦是值得的。
要点29 worth 的用法
用法分析 worth作形容词，意为“值得；有……价值（的）”，常用搭配：
China Daily is worth reading. We can learn a lot from it. 《中国日报》值得读。我们能从中学到很多。
The museum is certainly worth a visit. 这家博物馆的确值得参观。
The ring is worth 5,000 yuan. 这枚戒指值5000元。
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林。（谚语）
【新题速递】
1.I don’t think this movie is worth D .
A.to watching B. to watch C. watch D. watching
2.I think the book is B worth . You’d better the chance.
A.very; reading; not to miss B.well; reading; not miss
C. well; reading; not to miss D.very; reading; not miss
要点30【易混辨析】重点：another, other, others, the other与the others
another 表示泛指，指三者或三者以上中的“另一个”，其后可以接可数名词单数；也可用作代词
other 表示泛指，意为“其余的；另外的”，常与可数名词复数连用
others 表示泛指，意为“其他的”，指除去某些后剩下的一部分，相当于“other+可数名词复数”
the other 表示特指，指两者中的另一个one...the other...“一个……，另一个……”
the others 表示特指，指一定范围内除去某些后剩下的全部，相当于“the other+可数名词复数”
This glass is broken. Please give me another one. 这个玻璃杯破了。请再给我一个。
Some students are reading and other students are writing. 一些学生在阅读，另一些学生在写字。
Some designs are better than others. 有一些设计比其他的好。
Mary has two cousins. One is quiet, and the other is noisy. 玛丽有两个堂弟，一个很安静，另一个很吵闹。
There are 40 balls here. 10 are blue, and the others are red. 这里有40个球。10个是蓝色的，其余的是红色的。
【新题速递】
1.Some people are too shy to say a word in public. However, C aren’t.
A.another B.the other C.others D.the others
2.This cake is delicious! Can I have B piece, please
A. other B. another C. others D. the other
3.Mr. turner bought two bikes. One was for his wife, and C was for his son.
A. another B. other C. the other D. one
4.There are twenty-eight students in the class. Ten of them are girls and B are boys.
A. the other B. the others C. others D. other
26.After class, students _____ clean the chalk off the blackboard.
要点31 clean... off 的用法
用法分析 clean... off 把……擦掉
clean... off是“动词+副词”结构，名词作宾语时，可以放在两词中间，也可以放在副词之后；
代词作宾语时，只能放在两词之间。
He tried to clean the mud off.= He tried to clean off the mud.
他试着把泥擦掉。
Look at the dirt on your shoes. Please clean it off.看看你鞋上的灰尘。请把它擦掉。
Your room is dirty. Please clean it up.
你的房间脏了。请把它打扫干净。
You need to clean out the drawers of your desk.你需要把你书桌的抽屉彻底清理干净。
clean 的其他常见短语：
clean up 打扫干净
clean out 把……内部彻底打扫干净
【新题速递】In China, people usually ___A___ their houses to sweep away bad luck before Spring Festival.
A. clean up B. look up
C. make up D. put up
要点32 chalk 的用法
用法分析 chalk /t k/ n. 粉笔
chalk 作 “粉笔”讲时, 一般用作不可数名词，但说“各种颜色的粉笔”时，则要用复数。
Please write with chalk. 请用粉笔写。
Can you get a box of coloured chalks for me 你能为我拿一盒彩色粉笔吗？
chalk 的常用短语： a piece of chalk 一支粉笔
a box of coloured chalks 一盒彩色粉笔
27.If you visit the northern coast of Norway during the winer season, it ______ pack warm clothes.
要点33 northern 的用法
用法分析 northern /'n (r) (r) n/ adj. 北方的；北部的
northern 是由north(北，北方) +ern 构成。
Dongting Lake is in the northern part of Hunan Province. 洞庭湖在湖南省的北部。
小贴士: 在表示方位的名词词尾加-ern 可构成形容词。类似的词还有：
east + -ern → eastern(东方的；东部的)
west + -ern → western(西方的；西部的)
south + -ern → southern(南方的；南部的)
【新题速递】Beijing is in __B__ China and China is a(n) _____ country.
A．north; western B．northern; eastern
C．south; eastern D．east; west
28.If there are people in the meeting room, you ______ knock before entering.
要点34 knock 的用法
用法分析 knock /n k/, /nɑ k/ v. 敲；击 n. 敲击声；敲击
① knock 可作不及物动词，指出声地、连续地击打。knock at/ on the door 意为“敲门”。
One day, success will knock at your door.总有一天，成功会敲你的门。
② knock 还可以作可数名词，意为“敲击声；敲击”。
Suddenly, there was a knock on the door. 突然有敲门声。
格言谚语记单词：
Opportunity knocks but once. 机不可失，时不再来。
拓展：knock 还可作及物动词，意为“碰；撞”。
knock sth. on sth. 某物撞/ 碰某物；knock sb. down 撞倒某人。
Be careful, or you will knock your head on this low beam.小心，否则你将把你的头撞在这矮梁上。
When I turned around, I nearly knocked the little girl down.当我转身时，我差点撞倒这个小女孩。
【新题速递】It’s polite to knock at the door before entering the office.
29.table manners
要点35 manner 的用法
用法分析 manner /'m n (r) / n. 方式 ；方法 (pl.) 礼貌；礼仪
manners 意思是“礼貌”，它常以复数形式出现。
manner 的常用短语：
① table manners 餐桌礼仪
② have good manners 有礼貌
③ have bad manners 没有礼貌
It’s one of the good table manners in China to ask the old to eat first.
请老人先吃饭是中国良好的餐桌礼仪之一。
It’s important for us to have good manners.有礼貌对我们来说很重要。
It’s bad manners to ask others personal questions, such as age and marriage.
询问别人个人问题是没礼貌的，比如年龄和婚姻。
拓展：manner 还可意为“方式；方法”“态度；举止”，常用单数形式。
in a ... manner 以……方式。
His manner was polite but cool. 他举止有礼但很冷漠。
Manners make the man.礼貌造就人。（谚语）
【新题速递】It is bad manners to talk with your mouth full.
要点36 be supposed to 与be expected to 的用法
辨析
be supposed to
概述 be supposed to do sth. 意为“应该做某事”，其中to为不定式符号，后跟动词原形，可与 should do sth. 互换。它可以用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任，或按规定、习惯、安排等应当做某事。
用法 主语是人，意为“应该”，用来表示劝告、建议、责任等。①
当主语是“物”时，be supposed to 意为“本应；本该”，用来表示“某事本应该发生而没有发生”。②
形式 否定形式： be not supposed to do sth. “不应该做某事”，表示命令或禁止。 ③
一般疑问句：Be sb. supposed to do sth. ④
be expected to be expected to do sth. 意为“被期待做某事”，表达的主观性比be supposed to do sth.强。to是动词不定式符号，后接动词原形。⑤
You’re supposed to learn more knowledge to support your dream.你应该多学知识去支持你的梦想。
【新题速递】1、翻译句子You are supposed to ask your teacher for help.
_____你应该向你的老师求助。/ 你应该找你的老师帮忙。____
2、作为新一代，我们应该努力工作。
As a new generation, we ___are___ ____supposed___ ___to___ work hard.
The train was supposed to arrive ten minutes ago.火车本应该在十分钟前就到达了。
You aren’t supposed to talk loudly in the hospital.你不应该在医院里大声讲话。
Are you supposed to help your parents do housework 你应该帮你的父母做家务吗？
拓展：be supposed to 还可意为“被认为是”。
This is supposed to be the oldest building in the city.这被认为是这座城市里最古老的建筑物。
She is expected to be a good doctor. 她有望成为一名好医生。
【新题速递】3、—Can he get the first prize in the race
—He __D__ so, but he has just hurt his leg. It’s impossible now.
A. will expect to do B. is expected doing
C. has expected doing D. was expected to do
4、Borrowers are expected ____to return____ (return) books on time.
要点37 It is + adj .(+ for/ of sb.) + to do sth. 句型的用法
用法分析
It is + adj. (+for/of sb.) + to do sth. 的句型 It is + adj .+ to do sth.做某事是……的①
It is + adj .+ for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是……的②
It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是……的 ③
It’s important to prevent teenagers from being bullied.防止青少年被欺凌是很重要的。
It’s popular to hire a boat and row on the lake. 租一条船在湖上划是受欢迎的。
【新题速递】1、It’s polite to ___say___ (say) thank you when someone helps you.
It is very difficult for them to work out the math problem.对他们来说算出这道数学题很难。
It’s very important for us to develop a good reading habit. 养成一个良好的阅读习惯对我们来说很重要。
特别提醒：此句型中的形容词为描述事物特征的词，
如difficult, important, easy, hard, necessary, possible, dangerous, impossible 等，是说明动词不定式的。
【新题速递】2、对学生们来说，知道学习的重要性是必要的。
It’s ____necessary____ for students ___to___ ___know___ the importance of studying.
③　 It is impolite of you to say that.你那样说是不礼貌的。
It is kind of you to make dinner for us all tonight. 你今晚为我们所有人做晚饭，真是太好了。
特别提醒: 此句型中的形容词为描述人物品质或性格特征的词，
如clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, polite 等，用来形容of 后的sb.。
【新题速递】3、It’s careful __A___ you to find out the difference between the twins.
of B. for C. to D. on
4、It’s kind of you ___to help___ (help) the old cross the road.
拓展：It’s + adj. + that 从句，其中形容词用来修饰从句。
It is necessary that we learn and pass on our traditional Chinese medicine culture.
学习和传承我们的传统中医文化是有必要的。
It’s true that hard work leads to success. 勤奋工作通向成功，这是事实。
随堂练习
一、根据首字母及汉语提示补全单词
1.He 　 greeted 　(迎接) all the guests warmly as they arrived.
2.There is nothing 　 wrong 　(有问题) with my computer. It works well.
3.The mother gave her baby a 　 kiss 　(吻) and went out for work.
4.In many countries,people 　 shake 　(握住)hands with each other when they meet.
5.[熟词生义]Can I buy you lunch in 　 return 　(回报) for your help
6.The newly opened museum is certainly　 worth 　(值得) a visit.
7.New York is not the　 capital 　(首都) of the US,but Washington D.C.is.
8.It’s polite to knock 　on the door before entering a room.
9.My grandparents used to live in a small village on the coast 　(海岸).
10.I felt relaxed 　(放松的) lying in the sun on the beach.
11.If your parents plan to go abroad,they must get their passports　 first.
12.She used a chalk 　 to draw on the blackboard.
13.If you say that someone is impolite,you mean that he is rather rude and does not have good manners　.
14.　 Northern 　(北部的) England is best known for its low mountains and beautiful lakes.
15. [跨学科]Do you know Russia is an 　 eastern 　(东部的) European country
二、根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空
1.He felt excited when he spoke in front of the class for the　 first 　(one) time.
2.You are　 supposed 　(suppose) to take off your shoes before you come in.
3.Do you know the man　 called 　(call) Scott
4.[2024·黑龙江龙东地区]It’s 　 impolite 　(polite) to talk loudly in public places.
5.In the exam,the more careful you are,the fewer mistakes 　(mistake) you will make.
6.Would you mind giving 　(give) up your seat to the old man
7. __Gradually__ (gradual), she realized that he wasn’t telling her the truth.
8. The teacher offered us lots of valuable ___suggestions__ (suggest).
9. In our country, we are pretty ____relaxed____ (relax) about time.
10. In some northern (north) parts of China, it’s cool in summer.
11. By reading this article, we can learn about table manners (manner).
12. It’s strange that Jenny left without saying (say) goodbye.
13. Helen looks forward to going (go) to Beijing by plane.
14. David was invited (invite) to Jane’s party, but he didn’t go.
15. There is a lot of chalks (chalk) in front of the blackboard after each class.
16. I think you must be more careful and avoid ___making____(make) the same mistakes.
三、单项填空
( C )1._______ our hands and let’s be good friends.
A.Keep up B.Put away C.Hold out D.Take care
( C )2. [2024·滁州二模] Make sure that the light _______ off when you leave the office every day.
turn B.turned C.is turned D.was turned
( D )3.—Did you watch the competition yesterday
—Yes,I did.John is really a dark horse.Nobody_______him to go so far.
A.wanted B.encouraged C.hoped D.expected
( A )4.Tina keeps the good habit of checking her test paper_______she finishes it.
A.as soon as B.in order that
C.now that D.as if
( B )5.[2024·四川凉山州改编]—Did you watch To the Wonder with your parents last night
—No,I watched it alone._______ of them were busy.
A.All B.Both C.Neither D.None
( C )6.—Excuse me,can you tell me_______I can pay for the new shoes
—You can pay by using WeChat or Alipay.
A.whether B.when C.how D.why
( C )7.You should make a(n)_______to improve your reading skills.
A.use B.idea C.effort D.feeling
( A )8.—There are a few mistakes in my article.
—_______It’s still an excellent one with beautiful language.
A.It’s no big deal. B.Let’s have a try!
C.No way! D.Is that really so
( B )9.—Do you think our team will win the game
—I hope so._______,we’ve prepared for the game for a year.
A.As a result B.After all C.In a word D.At present
( B )10.—What’s your favorite_______ —Winter.I can make a snowman.
A.subject B.season C.animal D.sport
( A )11.—Long time no see!I miss you so much!
—Just _______ when you are free.
A.drop by B.turn down C.talk back D.run off
( D )12.You should _______ the time with your parents because you will leave them when you grow up.
A.change B.stop C.avoid D.value
四、根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词
1.如果我回家晚了,我妈妈会生气的。
If I come home late,my mom will　 be/get mad/angry 　.
2.我们必须尽可能多读书。
We must read　 as 　 many 　books　 as 　we can.
3.你应该把桌子上的脏东西擦掉。
You should　 clean 　the dirty things　 off 　the table.
4.我经常中午躺在沙发上休息一会。
I often lie on the sofa for a short break at 　 noon 　.
5.我们老师总是提醒我们按时交作业。
Our teachers always remind us to hand in our homework on 　 time 　.
6.杰克,把湿衬衫脱下来,要不然你会感冒的。
Jack, take 　　 off 　 your wet shirt or you will catch a cold.
单元语法讲练
语法精讲
（一）be supposed to与be expected to的用法
一、语法概述
be supposed to意为“应该……”，相当于should；be expected to意为“应该……；被期望……”。两者都可用来表示根据规定或传统习惯应该做某事，两者中的to为不定式符号，后接动词原形。
二、be supposed to的用法
1.当主语是人时
be supposed to的主语是人时，意为“应该……”，用来表示劝告、建议、责任等。
Eg.We are supposed to share some housework with our parents when we have free time. 我们应在空闲时间帮父母分担些家务活。
2.当主语是事或物时
be supposed to的主语是事或物时，意为“本该；本应”，用于表示某事本应该发生而没有发生。
Eg.The meeting was supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we’ve had to put it off. 这个会议本应该在星期二举行，但我们不得不把它推迟了。
3.be supposed to do sth.的否定形式
be supposed to do sth.的否定形式为be not supposed to do sth.意为“不应该做某事”，表示命令或禁止。
Eg.In China, you are not supposed to start eating first if there are old people at the table. 在中国，如果餐桌上有老人，你就不应该先开始吃东西。
【拓展延伸】be supposed to have done表示“本应该做某事（实际上没做）”，相当于should have done。
Eg.He was supposed to have arrived an hour ago. 他本应该一小时之前到。
三、be expected to的用法
be expected to do sth. 意为“应该做某事”或“被期望做某事”，其表达的主观性比be supposed to do sth.更强。
Eg.You’re expected to clean the house. （我）希望你把房间打扫一下。
【即学即用】1.You ___B____ arrive at 6 am, but you arrived at seven last Sunday.
A. supposed to B. were supposed to C. are supposed to D. were supposed
2.我们应该让老人先坐在餐桌旁。
We ___are___ __supposed__ ___to____ let the old people sit down first at the table.
（二）It is +adj.+to do sth.的用法
一、It is +adj.+to do sth.的用法
It is +adj.+to do sth.意为“做某事是……的”，其中It为形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式（短语）。
Eg.It is hard to solve this problem. 解决这个问题很困难。
【拓展延伸】在该结构中，有时在to do sth.前加上for/of sb.，sb.是动词不定式（短语）的逻辑主语。其用法如下：
【语境串记】It’s difficult for me to work out the physics problem, and it’s very kind of him to help me.对我来说，解出这道物理题太难了，他能帮我真是太好了。
语法小测
一、单项选择
1.I’m not sure, but he’s supposed A sometime next week.
A.to return B.return C. returning D.returned
2.People are supposed B hands when they for the first time in America.
A. shaking B. to shake C. shake D. shook
3.—Julia, your mobile phone is ringing.
—Wait a minute. It’s dangerous C it while crossing the street.
A.answering B.answer C.to answer D.answers
4. You are C smoke here. Haven’t you seen the sign“No Smoking”
A. supposed to B. supposed C. not supposed to D. not supposed
5.It’s very nice C you me two tickets to the World Cup.
A.for; to get B.for; get C.of; to get D.of; get
6.—The manager has come back from his business trip. He’s asking you for the report.
—Oh! I haven’t finished it yet. But he C to be back the next day.
A.is expected B.expected C.was expected D.will expect
7.What ___A____ you to do when you meet your teacher
A. are; supposed B. are; suppose C. do; supposed D. do; suppose
8.You can’t be expected ___A____a foreign language well in several months.
A. to learn B. learning C. learn D. learned
9.We are all under too much pressure because we____B____to get good grades.
A.expect B.are expected C.expected D.were expected
10.He ___C_____arrive at six o’clock, but he hasn’t appeared so far.
A.is supposed to B.isn’t supposed to C.was supposed to D.wasn’t supposed to
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.You are expected ___to shake____(shake) hands in New York.
2.In the USA, people are __expected____(expect) to shake hands when they first meet.
3.In China, you are not supposed___to start_____(start) eating first if there are old people at the table.
4.In Japan, it’s polite for people___to bow_____(bow) to each other.
5.It’s important for us___to keep_____(keep) a healthy lifestyle.
语法专练
一、单项选择(本大题共50小题，每小题2分，共100分)
1．—Could you give me some advice on how to use my time
—First of all, you ________ to spend more time studying.
A．supposed B．were supposed C．are supposing D．are supposed
2．People in Korea are ________ to bow when they meet for the first time.
A．suppose B．supposed C．expect D．expects
3．Mr Smith was ________ to be a doctor but he became a teacher when he grew up.
A．thought B．supposed C．suggested D．reminded
4．The train ________ arrive at 14:25, but it was half an hour late.
A．need B．must C．can D．was supposed to
5．Drivers ________ consider ________ more electric cars instead of fuel cars.
A．are suppose to; using B．should; to use
C．are supposed to; using D．should; used
6．I think everyone is supposed to do ________ we can ________ our environment now.
A．that; to protect B．which; protect C．that; protect D．what; to protect
7．You are ________ walk on the grass. It breaks the school rules.
A．supposed B．not supposed C．supposed to D．not supposed to
8．—Am I pretty today, Ms. Jones
—Yes, but girls ________ to wear short skirts in this middle school.
A．are supposed B．aren’t supposed C．don’t suppose
9．—Could you give me some advice on how to spend my time wisely
— First of all, you ________ to spend more time studying.
A．suppose B．supposed
C．were supposed D．are supposed
10．We are supposed to ________ a hobby instead of spending much time on smartphones.
A．take up B．put off C．give out
11．According to the traffic rules, everyone is supposed ________ a seat belt in the car.
A．wearing B．wears C．worn D．to wear
12．You are supposed ________ up when the teacher comes in.
A．stand B．standing C．to stand D．to standing
13．I think the phubbers (低头族) are supposed to ________ the time they spend on their smartphones.
A．cut off B．cut down C．cut out
14．Teenagers aren’t supposed to ________ their parents too much and they should try to solve problems by themselves.
A．depend on B．get on with C．look after
15．—I think every student is supposed to ________ a sporting activity for a healthy life.
—That’s true and parents should encourage kids to do sports regularly.
A．turn off B．take up C．put away
16．We are supposed to ________ our hand before we speak in class.
A．put up B．put out C．put down D．put away
17．In order to save paper, everyone is supposed to ________ it.
A．want B．recycle C．boil D．teach
18．—What should we do for the disabled children in the Children’s Home
—You’re supposed to ________ a study group to help them.
A．take up B．set up C．make up D．stay up
19．We are supposed to ________ smart phones and take more exercises instead.
A．take off B．put away C．pick up D．take up
20．________ safe, everyone ________ wear a seat belt in a car.
A．keeping; is supposed B．Keep; is supposed to
C．To keep; is supposed to D．To keep; is supposed
21．The movie Wolf Warrior Ⅰ is well worth ________. Everyone ________ see it.
A．see; be supposed to B．seeing; is suppose
C．seeing; is supposed to D．see; are supposed to
22．—We’re not supposed to ________ those who failed.
—No one can be a winner all the time.
A．turn out B．laugh at C．spread out D．share with
23．Everyone is supposed to ________ a sporting activity for a healthy life.
A．come out B．put away C．turn down D．take up
24．You ________ loudly in public.
A．don’t suppose to talk B．don’t suppose to talking
C．aren’t supposed to talk D．aren’t supposed to talking
25．Jenny is supposed ________ the first prize again.
A．wining B．win C．to win D．wins
26．You are supposed to ________ your classmates. Don’t argue with them.
A．get to B．get off C．get on D．get along well with
27．People are supposed ________ when they meet for the first time in America.
A．shaking hands B．to shake hands C．kissing D．to kiss
28．You ________ come here before 8:30 tomorrow morning.
A．suppose to B．supposed to C．are supposed to D．are supposed
29．According to the traffic rules, everyone is supposed ________ a seat belt in the car.
A．wearing B．to wear C．to be worn
30．You are supposed ________ your coat because of the hot weather.
A．to get off B．shutting off C．to take off
31．We ________ to check our papers several times before handing them in.
A．suppose B．supposed C．are supposed D．are supposing
32．It’s very kind ________ you ________ others when they’re in need.
A．for; to help B．of; to help C．for; helping D．of; helping
33．—Was it necessary ________ John ________ some photos before helping the old man
—I think so. In this way, he could protect himself later.
A．of; taking B．for; taking C．of; to take D．for; to take
34．It’s necessary for us ________ to our parents when we have problems.
A．to talk B．talking C．talk D．talked
35．He found ________ difficult ________ English well.
A．it, learn B．it, to learn C．that, learn D．that, to learn
36．We find_____impossible for us______a foreign language well in a short time.
A．one ;learn B．it ;to learn C．that ;to learn D．this ;learning
37．It’s important people learn team spirit.
A．of; of B．of; to C．for; to D．to; to
38．It’s very kind ___________ you to lend me your reusable shopping bags.
A．of B．for C．to D．with
39．It’s fun _______ with friends.
A．going shopping B．to go shopping C．goes shopping D．went shopping
40．I think ________ useful for students ________ English books often.
A．it; read B．it’s; to read C．that it; to read D．it’s; read
41．________ is important ________ us to do morning exercises every day.
A．That; for B．It; for C．This; for D．It; of
42．I think it is not difficult for us _________ at school.
A．to make friends B．make friend C．makes friends D．to make friend
43．It’s ________ for me ________ a report in such a short time. I’m not good at it.
A．possible; to write B．possible; write C．impossible; writing D．impossible; to write
44．It’s wrong ________ you ________ your parents’ advice.
A．for；don’t accept B．of；not to accept C．for；not accept D．of；not accepting
45．It is impossible _________ how large the universe is.
A．to imagine B．imagining C．imagine D．imagined
46．—It is difficult ________ new faces in the new term.
—That’s why I suggest you let each student prepare a name card on the table. It’s the best way to help.
A．for me to remember B．of me to remember
C．for me remembering D．of me remembering
47．— How do you like the ice cream
— It is ________ delicious that everyone enjoys it. It is very kind ________ you to offer us the tasty dessert.
A．so; for B．so; of C．such; for D．too; of
48．It is cheaper ________ a car than to have a personal car.
A．share B．sharing C．shared D．to share
49．It’s very polite ________ you ________ say hello.
A．for; of B．of; for C．to; for D．of; to
50．It is important for students _______ sports every morning.
A．plays B．playing C．to play D．Played
参考答案：
1．D
【详解】句意：——你能给我一些如何利用时间的建议吗？——首先，你应该花更多的时间学习。
考查时态和短语。suppose“推断，料想”，动词；be supposed to do“应该做某事”；根据“you ... to spend more time studying.”可知，此处指你应该花更多的时间在学习上；再根据“Could”表示委婉语气可知，时态为一般现在时，主语为“you”，be动词用are。故选D。
2．B
【详解】句意：韩国人第一次见面应该鞠躬。
考查动词辨析。suppose假设（动词原形）；supposed假设（过去分词）；expect期待（动词原形）；expects期待（动词三单）。be supposed to“应该”，根据“People in Korea are ... to bow when they meet for the first time.”可知，韩国人第一次见面应该鞠躬，符合句意。故选B。
3．B
【详解】句意：史密斯先生被期望成为一名医生，但长大后却成了一名教师。
考查动词辨析。thought思考、认为；supposed应该；suggested建议；reminded提醒。be supposed to do sth“应该做某事、被期望做某事”，根据“Mr Smith was ... to be a doctor but he became a teacher when he grew up.”可知，史密斯先生原本被期望成为一名医生，却成了一名教师。故选B。
4．D
【详解】句意：火车应该在14点25分到达，但是晚了半小时。
考查情态动词辨析。need需要；must必须；can能够；was supposed to应该。根据“but it was half an hour late”（但是晚了半小时），可知火车原本应该在14点25分到达，但是晚点了，be supposed to相当于should，表示“应该”。故选D。
5．C
【详解】句意：司机们应该考虑使用更多的电动汽车而不是燃油汽车。
考查be supposed to以及非谓语动词。should=be supposed to“应该”，排除A选项。consider doing sth“考虑做某事”，第二空应填动名词，故选C。
6．D
【详解】句意：我认为现在每个人都应该尽我们所能来保护我们的环境。
考查宾语从句和动词不定式作目的状语。that从属连词，在从句表陈述意义，无词意，可省略；to proUnit 10 You’re supposed to shake hands.
预习卡
一、单词（英译汉）预习用
1.custom n.__________________
2.bow v.&n.__________________
3. kiss v.&n.__________________
4.greet v.__________________
5.relaxed adj.__________________
6.value v.___________n.____________
7.capital n.__________________
8.noon n.__________________
9.mad adj.__________________
10. effort n.__________________
11.passport n.__________________
12. chalk n.__________________
13. blackboard n.__________________
14. northern adj.__________________
15. coast n.__________________
16. season n.__________________
17.knock v.___________n.___________
18.eastern adj.__________________
19.worth adj.__________________
20. manner n.__________(pl.)________
21. empty adj.__________________
22. basic adj.__________________
23. exchange n.&v.__________________
24. teenage adj.__________________
25. granddaughter n.__________________
26. behave v.__________________
27.except prep.___________conj._________
28. elbow n.__________________
29. gradually adv.__________________
30. suggestion n.__________________
二、单词（汉译英）学后测试用
1.n.风俗;习俗___________________
2.v.&n.鞠躬___________________
3.v.&n.亲吻;接吻___________________
4.v.和......打招呼;迎接___________________
5.adj.放松的;自在的___________________
6.v.重视;珍视n.价值___________________
7.n.首都;国都___________________
8.n.正午;中午___________________
9.adj.很生气;疯的___________________
10.n.努力;尽力___________________
11.n.护照___________________
12.n.粉笔___________________
13.n.黑板___________________
14.adj.北方的;北部的___________________
15.n.海岸;海滨___________________
16.n.季;季节___________________
17.v.敲;击n敲击声;敲击__________________
18.adj.东方的;东部的___________________
19.adj.值得;有......价值(的)________________
20.n.方式;方法(pl.)礼貌;礼仪______________
21.adj.空的;空洞的___________________
22.adj.基本的;基础的___________________
23.n.&v.交换___________________
24.adj.十几岁的;青少年的_______________
25.n.(外)孙女___________________
26.v.表现;举止___________________
27.prep.除......之外conj.除了;只是___________
28.n.肘;胳膊___________________
29.adv.逐步地;渐进地___________________
30.n.建议___________________
三、短语（英译汉）预习用
1.shake hands___________________
2.be supposed to___________________
3.for the first time___________________
4.be expected to___________________
5.make mistakes___________________
6.as soon as___________________
7. hold out___________________
8. to one's surprise___________________
9. on both sides of___________________
10. find out___________________
11. everyday lives___________________
12. drop by___________________
13. make plans to do sth.___________________
14. on time___________________
15. after all___________________
16.get mad___________________
17. make an effort___________________
18. no big deal___________________
19.clean...off___________________
20. take off___________________
21. point at___________________
22. student exchange program_______________
23. go out of one's way___________________
24. make...feel at home___________________
25. because of___________________
26. cut up___________________
27.get used to___________________
28. be excited about___________________
29.look forward to doing sth.________________ 30.show up___________________
四、短语（汉译英）学后测试用
1.握手____________________
2.应该;被期望____________________
3.第一次;首次____________________
4.被期望____________________
5.犯错误____________________
6.一......就......____________________
7.伸出____________________
8.使某人吃惊的是____________________
9.在......的两边____________________
10.查明;弄清____________________
11.日常生活____________________
12.顺便访问;随便进入____________________
13.计划做某事____________________
14.准时____________________
15.毕竞;终归____________________
16.大动肝火;气愤____________________
17.作出努力____________________
18.没什么大事____________________
19.把......擦掉____________________
20.脱下(衣服);(飞机等)起飞_______________
21.指向;对准____________________
22.交换生项目____________________
23.特地;格外努力____________________
24.使(某人)感到宾至如归_________________
25.由于____________________
26.切碎____________________
27.习惯于____________________
28.对......感到兴奋____________________
29.盼望做某事___________________ 30.出现___________________
Period 1 Section A (1a－2d)
必背单词
1. kiss v. & n. 亲吻; 接吻
2. greet v. 和……打招呼; 迎接→ greeting n. 问候
必背短语
3. shake hands 握手
4. be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事
5. for the first time 第一次; 首次
6. be expected to do sth. 被期望做某事
7. make mistakes 犯错误
8. as soon as 一……就……
9. hold out 伸出
10. to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是
11. find out 查明; 弄清 (情况)
必背句子
12. What are people in Korea supposed to do when they meet for the first time
在韩国人们第一次见面时应该做什么
13. In the United States, they’re expected to shake hands.
在美国, 他们被期望握手。
14. I met a Japanese boy called Sato, and as soon as I held out my hand, he
bowed. 我遇见了一个叫佐藤的日本男孩, 我一伸出手(要跟他握手) 时，
他就鞠了一躬。
15. That’s how people in Japan are expected to greet each other.
那就是日本人被期望互相打招呼的方式。
Period 2 Section A (3a-3c)
必背单词
1. relaxed adj. 放松的; 自在的→ relaxing adj. 令人放松的
→ relax v. 放松; 休息
2. value v. 重视; 珍视 n. 价值→ valuable adj. 贵重的; 宝贵的
3. capital n. 首都; 国都→ the capital of ……的首都
4. noon n. 正午; 中午→ at noon 在中午
5. mad adj. 很生气; 疯的→get/be mad at/with sb. 对某人很生气
必背短语
6. a bit 有点儿　
7. drop by 顺便访问; 随便进入
8. make plans 制订计划
9. as...as sb. can/could 某人尽可能……
10. on time 准时
11. after all 毕竟; 终归
12. get mad 大动肝火; 气愤
13. make an effort 作出努力
14. big deal 重要的事或人
必背句子
15. We often just drop by our friends’ homes if we have time.
如果有时间，我们常常就只顺便到朋友家里拜访。
16. We often just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can!
我们经常只是在城镇中心走走, 尽可能见到更多的朋友！
17. In Switzerland, it’s very important to be on time.
在瑞士, 守时是很重要的。
It’s no big deal! 没什么大不了的!
Period 3 Section A (Grammar Focus-4c)
必背单词
1. passport n. 护照
2. chalk n. 粉笔→a piece of chalk 一支粉笔
3. blackboard n. 黑板
4. northern adj. 北方的; 北部的→north n. 北; 北方 adv. 朝北; 向北
5. coast n. 海岸; 海滨→ on the coast在岸上→along the coast 沿着海岸
6. season n. 季; 季节
7. knock v. 敲; 击n. 敲击声; 敲击→knock on/at 敲……
8. eastern adj. 东方的; 东部的→east n. 东; 东方 adv. 朝东; 向东
9. worth adj. 值得; 有……价值(的) →be worth doing 值得做
→worthy adj. 值得……的
10. manner n. 方式; 方法 (pl.) 礼貌; 礼仪
必背短语
11. go abroad 出国
12. clean…off 把……擦掉
13. take off 脱下(衣服) ; (飞机等) 起飞
14. table manners 餐桌礼仪
必背句子
15. You’re supposed to shake hands. 你应该握手。
16. You’re not supposed to kiss. 你不应该亲吻。
17. —Am I supposed to wear jeans
我应该穿牛仔裤吗？
—No, you’re expected to wear a suit and tie.
不，你应该穿西装、打领带。
18. Yes, it’s very impolite to keep others waiting.
是的，让别人等待是非常不礼貌的。
Period 4 Section B (1a-1d)
必背单词
1. empty adj. 空的; 空洞的
必背短语
2. stick sth. into 将某物插入……
3. point at 指向
4. at the table 在桌旁→at table 在吃饭
Period 5 Section B (2a-2e)
必背单词
1. basic adj. 基本的; 基础的
2. exchange n. & v. 交换
3. granddaughter n. (外) 孙女
4. behave v. 表现; 举止
→behavior n. 行为; 举止; 态度
5. except prep. 除……之外 conj. 除了; 只是
必背短语
6. have a great time 玩得开心；过得愉快
7. go out of one’s way 特地; 格外努力
8. make sb. feel at home 使某人感到宾至如归
9. get used to 习惯于→used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
必背句子
10. I was a bit nervous before I arrived here, but there was no reason to be.
我到这里之前还有一点儿紧张，但这的确没必要。
11. Another example is that you’re not supposed to eat anything with your hands except bread, not even fruit.
另一个例子是除了面包, 你不应该用手吃任何东西, 甚至是水果。
Period 6 Section B (3a-Self Check)
必背单词
1. suggestion n. 建议→ suggest v. 建议
必背短语
2. be excited about 对……感到兴奋/激动
3. look forward to doing sth. 期望做某事
4. show up 出现; 露面
Section A教材要点精析
1.Customs
要点1 custom的用法
用法分析custom /'k st m/ n. 风俗；习俗
Eg.Every country has its customs.乡有乡俗。[谚]
It’s important to keep different languages and customs alive.将不同的语言和习俗保留下来很重要。
The custom of drinking tea became popular in the UK during the 1660s.
17世纪60年代，喝茶的习俗在英国流行起来。
custom的常用搭配：
traditional custom 传统习俗
folk custom 民间习俗
local custom 当地习俗
the custom of doing sth. 做某事的习俗。
辨析：custom与habit
custom 主要指某个民族或社会在发展过程中长期沿袭下来的礼节、风俗或习惯。
habit 指一个人经常做某事，久而久之形成的习惯或习性。
Eg.There are many different customs and habits among different countries. We must find out and follow their customs. 不同的国家有许多不同的风俗和习惯。我们必须了解并遵循他们的习俗。
【新题速递】Chinese tea art with its ___ ___(习俗) was included in the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage(非物质文化遗产名录) by UNESCO in 2022.
2.bow
要点2 bow的用法
用法分析bow /ba / v. & n. 鞠躬
作不及物动词，意为“鞠躬”，常与to/before连用，意为“向……鞠躬”。
还可作名词，意为“鞠躬”。
Eg.He bowed low to the crowd.他向人群深深地鞠了一躬。
The speaker greeted the reporters with a bow before the meeting.会议开始前，发言人鞠躬和记者们打招呼。
拓展(1) bow也可用作及物动词，意为“低(头) ”。
Eg.She bowed her head in shame.她羞愧地低下了头。
(2) bow 作名词时，还可意为“弓；蝴蝶结”(读作/b /) 。
Eg.Tom made his son a bow.汤姆为他的儿子做了一张弓。
He tied his shoelaces in a bow.他把鞋带打成个蝴蝶结。
3.shake hands
要点3 shake hands的用法
用法分析shake hands 握手
Eg.People in the US often shake hands with people they have just met.
在美国，人们经常和刚认识的人握手。
shake 的相关短语：
shake hands with sb. =shake sb. by the hand 与某人握手
shake one’s hand 握某人的手(强调一方的动作，hand 用单数)
拓展 shake 作动词，意为“摇动；(使) 颤动”，其过去式和过去分词分别为shook 和shaken。
它还可以作名词，意为“奶昔”。
Eg.The whole house shakes when a train goes past.火车驶过时，整座房子都颤动起来。
How do you make a banana shake 你如何制作香蕉奶昔？
【新题速递】通过5G，在两个不同城市的人甚至能在同一个屏幕中“握手”。
Through 5G, people in two different cities can even “ __ __” on the same screen.
4.kiss
要点4 kiss的用法
用法分析kiss /k s/ v. & n. 亲吻；接吻
kiss 的常用搭配：
kiss sb. on...亲吻某人的……
kiss sb. goodbye/goodnight 亲吻某人道别/道晚安
拓展 1、可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词。
Eg.Different countries have different manners about social situations. In Brazil, people sometimes kiss.
不同的国家在社交场合有不同的礼仪。在巴西，人们有时会亲吻。
She leaned up and kissed him on the cheek.她靠上来吻了他的脸颊。
Tom kissed his parents goodnight.汤姆亲吻了他的父母道晚安。
2、kiss 还可作可数名词，意为“吻”。其复数形式为kisses，give sb. a kiss=kiss sb. 亲吻某人。
Eg.The mother gave the baby a kiss. 妈妈给了宝宝一个吻。
【新题速递】The handsome prince(王子) gave the princess a k , and then she came back to life.
5.In your country, what are you supposed to do when you meet someone for the first time
要点5 be supposed to的用法 (重点)
用法分析be supposed to 应该
be supposed to 后接动词原形，相当于should，用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。
其否定形式为be not supposed to，意为“不应该”。
Eg.Everyone in our class is supposed to get to school on time.
=Everyone in our class should get to school on time.我们班里的每个人都应该按时到校。
kiss 的常用搭配：
kiss sb. on...亲吻某人的……
kiss sb. goodbye/goodnight 亲吻某人道别/道晚安
拓展suppose 意为“认为，推断”时，其后常接宾语从句，它的近义词为 think，consider。
在宾语从句中其否定要前移(主句主语多为第一人称) 。
Eg.I suppose (that) tree planting activities are very important.我认为植树活动很重要。
I don’t suppose he will come here because he hates a place full of strangers.
我想他不会来这里，因为他讨厌一个满是陌生人的地方。
【新题速递】父母应该教他们的孩子在公共场合举止得体。
Parents teach their kids to behave in a correct way in public.
6.In the United States, they’re expected to shake hands.
要点6 be expected to do sth. 的用法 (重点)
用法分析 be expected to do sth. 被期待做某事；被期望做某事
Eg.The report was not expected to provide any answers.这个报告没被期望提供什么答案。
【新题速递】You’re expected (shake) hands when meeting people for the first time in China.
要点7 expect 的用法
用法分析 expect / k'spekt/ v. 期待；预料；等待 后接名词、代词、动词不定式或从句。
Eg.We’re expecting you for dinner. 我们在等你吃晚饭。
A lot of travelers expect to enjoy many jacarandas in Kunming.很多游客期待在昆明欣赏到许多蓝花楹。
He expected me to tell the truth. 他期望我讲实话。
I expect that he will come to our party tonight.我期望今晚他会来参加我们的聚会。
expect 的常用搭配：
expect sb./sth. 期待/等待某人或某物
expect to do sth. 期望做某事
expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事
expect + that 从句 期望……
特别提醒：expect 与except(除……之外) 极像双胞胎，千万别混用！
【新题速递】The composer who created Learn from the Role Model Lei Feng (《学习雷锋好榜样》) didn’t ____
the song would be enjoyed by many people for more than 60 years.
A．expect B．allow C．receive
7.Maria’s mistakes
要点8 mistake 的用法
用法分析 mistake /m ‘ste k/ n. 错误 mistake 是可数名词。
Eg.It would be a mistake to ignore his opinion. 忽略他的意见是不对的。
You can find a native speaker and communicate with the person
without worrying about making mistakes. 你可以找一个以英语为母语的人和他交流，不用担心犯错。
I took your bag instead of mine by mistake. 我错拿了你的包。
拓展mistake (mistook, mistaken) 还可作动词，意为“看错；误解”。mistake A for B“把A 错当成B”。
Eg.I’m afraid you have mistaken kitchen waste for recyclable waste. 恐怕你把厨余垃圾错当成可回收垃圾了。
mistake 的相关短语：
make mistakes/a mistake (in...) (在……方面) 出错；犯错误
by mistake 错误地；无意地
【新题速递】It’s important to learn from ________ (错误) and become stronger.
8.greeted Paul’s mother the wrong way
要点9 greet 的用法
用法分析 greet /ɡri t/ v. 和……打招呼；迎接
Eg.He greets me with a smile. 他微笑着向我打招呼。
We greeted her mother by saying “Good morning!”
我们向她母亲打招呼说“早上好！”
拓展greeting n. 问候；招呼
Eg.He sends greetings to all the family. 他向全家人问候。
greet 相当于say hello to,后接名词或代词作宾语。常与with 搭配使用，表示“以……方式问候/打招呼”。
greet with 以……方式问候/打招呼
【新题速递】Chinese g each other by shaking hands while Japanese bow.
要点10 the wrong way 的用法 (重点)
用法分析 the wrong way 以错误的方式 the wrong way 相当于in the wrong way。
当way 构成的短语表示“用……方式/ 方法”时，常加介词 in。
Eg.If you’re in the wrong way, running is useless.如果你在错误的路上，奔跑没有用。
In this way, you can master the grammar rules.用这种方式，你就能掌握语法规则。
特别提醒：如果 way 前有this，that 或the 等词时，in 通常可以省略。但如果位于句首，in 不能忽略。
9.But a funny thing happened.
要点11 happen的用法
用法分析 happen /'h p n/ v. 发生 happen 是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。
happen 发生 ① sth. happen(s) to sb. 某人发生了某事 ② sth. happen(s) + 时间或地点 在某时或某地发生了某事
碰巧 ① sb. happen(s) to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事 ② It happens + 从句 碰巧……
Eg.What happened to you last night 昨天晚上你发生了什么事？
An accident happened in this street last week.上周在这条街道上发生了一场事故。
I happened to meet my teacher in the street.我碰巧在街上遇见了我的老师。
It happened that I was out when he called me.他给我打电话时我碰巧出去了。
【新题速递】1、I like to follow the story and see what will h next.
2、让我吃惊的是，我们对此事的看法竟不谋而合。
I was really surprised to see that we ___ ___ each other on this thing.
10.I met a Japanese boy called Sato, and as soon as I held out my hand, he bowed.
句子分析
I met a Japanese boy called Sato, and as soon as I held out my hand, he bowed.
要点12 as soon as 一……就…… 的用法 (高频)
用法分析 as soon as 相当于the minute (that) 常用来引导时间状语从句，强调两个动作几乎同时发生。
Eg.He fell in love with Chinese calligraphy as soon as he saw Zhang Daqian’s works.
他一看到张大千的作品就爱上了中国书法。
I will come over to your house as soon as I have free time tomorrow. 明天我一有空就到你家来。
Let’s start as soon as he comes. 他一来咱们就开始。
特别提醒：
as soon as 引导时间状语从句时, 若主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时。若主句为祈使句或含有情态动词，从句也要用一般现在时。
【新题速递】我们一到公园，老师就把我们分成三组。
Our teacher divided us into 3 groups ____ _______ _______ we got to the park.
11.It’s impolite if you don’t bow.
要点13 impolite 的用法 (高频)
用法分析 impolite / mp 'la t/ adj. 不礼貌的
impolite 是由polite (adj. 有礼貌的) + im- (否定前缀) 构成的。
Eg.It’s impolite to break in when someone is speaking.别人说话时插嘴是不礼貌的。
As middle school students, we shouldn’t have impolite behaviour in public places.
作为中学生，我们不应该在公共场所有不礼貌的行为。
Always keep in mind: Be polite and patient.永远记住：要有礼貌和耐心。
构词法记单词
前缀im-用于构成形容词的反义词，其他常见的否定前缀有：un-，dis-等。
e.g. possible-impossible；
happy-unhappy；
honest-dishonest
impolite 的词形变化：
impolite polite adj.礼貌的
impolitely adv. 不礼貌地
politely adv. 礼貌地
【新题速递】It is ________________ (polite) to talk loudly in public places.
要点14 if 引导的条件状语从句
在含有if 引导的条件状语从句的复合句中，主句为以下情况之一时，条件状语从句用一般现在时：
(1) 主句是一般将来时
Eg.We won’t go to the museum if it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨我们将不去博物馆。
(2) 主句含有情态动词
Eg.If we start now, we can finish the work on time.我们如果现在开始，就可以按时完成工作。
(3) 主句是祈使句
Eg.Work hard if you want to get good grades.你如果想取得好成绩，就要努力学习。
拓展：if 作“是否”讲时，引导宾语从句。
Eg.I’m not sure if I will be free tomorrow.我不确定明天我是否有空。
He asked me if he could use my computer.他问我他能否用我的电脑。
特别提醒:当主句是现在的某种时态时，if 从句的时态要根据实际情况而定。
当主句是过去时态时，if 从句要用过去的某种时态。
【新题速递】 ______ you are too tired to do all the things on your To-Do list，try a To-Don’t list.
A. If B. Until C. Although D. Unless
12.I held out my hand and to my surprise, she kissed me on both sides of my face!
要点15 to one’s surprise 的用法
用法分析 to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的 surprise是作名词，意为“惊讶；惊奇”。
Eg.To my surprise, he has made so much progress.令我惊讶的是, 他取得了如此大的进步。
The little girl asked her mother in surprise.小女孩惊讶地问她妈妈。
拓展：(1) surprise 还可作动词，意为“使惊讶”。surprise sb. 使某人惊讶
Eg.We’ll solve the case ourselves and surprise everyone.我们将自己解决这件事，并让所有人吃惊。
surprise 的其他常用短语：
in surprise 惊奇地；吃惊地
give sb. a surprise 给某人一个惊喜
(2) surprise 的相关词：
surprised adj. 惊奇的；惊讶的(主语通常为人)
surprising adj. 令人吃惊的；使人惊奇的 (常以物作主语或修饰物)
Eg.Visitors to Sichuan are surprised at so many choices they have for food.
来四川旅游的游客惊讶于他们有这么多的食物选择。
They were surprised to find that he’d already left.他们惊奇地发现他已经离开了。
The result was surprising. 结果令人惊讶。
一语辨异：
We were all surprised at the surprising news.
我们都对这令人惊讶的消息感到惊讶。
surprised 的常见搭配：
be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊讶
be surprised to do sth. 惊讶地做某事
【新题速递】 让我们吃惊的是, 这位国际友人擅长烹制中餐。
____ ____, the foreign friend is good at cooking Chinese food.
要点16 both 的用法
用法分析 both /b θ/ det. & pron. 两个都
①作限定词，后接可数名词复数，反义词为neither，意为“两者都不”。
Eg.Both answers are right. 两个答案都对。
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。
有both 的句子变否定句时一般不借助not，常把both 变为neither。
② both 作代词，可以单独使用，也可以用于both of... 结构，both of... 作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。
Eg.—Which one do you want to buy 你想买哪一个？
—I want to buy both. 我两个都想买。
Both of them are teachers. 他们俩都是老师。
They both showed great interest in Chinese culture.他们俩都对中国文化表现出极大的兴趣。
辨析: both, all, neither 与none
both 指“两者都”, 作主语时谓语动词用复数。其反义词为neither。
all 指“三者或三者以上都”, 作主语时谓语动词用复数。其反义词为none。
neither 指“两者都不”, 后接of短语作主语时谓语动词用单数或复数均可。
none 指“三者或三者以上都不”, 后接of短语作主语时谓语动词用单数或复数均可。
Eg.All of us are interested in history. 我们都对历史感兴趣。
Neither of the twins has/have been to Beijing.这对双胞胎都没有去过北京。
None of these pens works/work. 这些钢笔都不能用。
both 作同位语，通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前。
【新题速递】
—More and more teenagers are becoming interested in Xiangsheng and Xiaopin nowadays.
—Yeah, that’s because ______ can give people a big laugh.
A. all B. none C. both D. neither
13.Later I found out French people are supposed to kiss when they see each other.
要点15 find out 的用法
用法分析 find out 查明, 弄清(情况)
Eg.Please find out when the meeting starts. 请查清楚会议什么时候开始。
find out后可接由that，what，when 或how 等引导的宾语从句，也可接名词。
辨析: find out, look for 与find
find out 意为“弄清; 查明”, 指通过观察、探索或调查而得。
look for 意为“寻找”, 强调找的动作和过程。
find 意为“找到; 发现”, 强调找的结果。
Eg.Find out what you did wrong, and then try to improve it for the next game.
弄清你做错了什么，然后试着在下一场比赛中改进它。
What are you looking for 你在找什么？
Did you find the lost child 你们找到那个丢失的孩子了吗？
以out 结尾的动词短语有：①stay out 待在外面
②put out 熄灭
③run out 用尽
④hand out 分发
一语辨异:
I was looking for my glasses everywhere, but I couldn’t find them. At last, my mother found out they were under my bed. 我到处找我的眼镜，但找不到。最后，我妈妈发现它们在我的床下。
【新题速递】—Why does Linda dislike me
—I don’t know. You’ll have to ______ the reason yourself.
A. go out B. bring out
C. come out D. find out
14.Where I’m from, we’re pretty relaxed about time.
句子分析 此句中Where用作连词，引导地点状语，说明主句行为发生的地点。
Where I’m from, we’re pretty relaxed about time.
要点16 relaxed 的用法
用法分析 relaxed /r 'l kst/ adj. 放松的；自在的
作表语，be relaxed about... 对……感到放松/ 随意
Eg.We are relaxed about our breakfast.我们对我们的早餐比较随意。
辨析: relaxed 与relaxing
relaxed “感到放松的”，通常修饰 （人/物），用来表示人的感受，在句中通常作表语，也可作定语或补语。
relaxing “令人放松的”，通常修饰 （人/物），在句中作定语或表语。
Eg.After a rest, he felt relaxed. 休息之后，他感到很轻松。
The piece of music sounds relaxing.这首曲子听起来令人放松。
一语辨异：Listening to relaxing music is a good way to relax, because it can make us feel relaxed.
听令人放松的音乐是放松的一个好方法，因为它可以让我们感到轻松。
拓展：relax 是动词，意为“放松; 休息”。Relax oneself “放松自己”。
规律总结：以 -ed 结尾的形容词多用来描述人，说明人的某种情绪或感受；
以 -ing 结尾的形容词多用来描述事物，说明事物本身的特性。
如：interested 感兴趣的 interesting 有趣的
excited 兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋的
tired 疲倦的 tiring 令人困倦的
【新题速递】 1、Alex realized that Sophia was trying to make him feel ______(放松)
2、After the final exam, we will feel and we’ ll have a winter holiday.
A. relaxing;relaxing B. relaxing;relaxed C. relaxed;relaxed D. relaxed;relaxing
3、Listening to the music always makes me .
A. relaxed; relaxing B. relaxed; relaxed C. relaxing; relaxing D. relaxing; relaxed
15.We value the time we spend with our family and friends in our everyday lives.
要点17 value 的用法
用法分析 value /'v lju / v. 重视; 珍视 n. 价值
Eg.Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
谦虚使人进步，自负使人落后。（谚语）
v. 重视；珍视
value sb./ sth. (for sth.) (因……而) 重视某人/ 某物
value sb. / sth. as...把某人或某物珍视为……
Eg.I value her for her kindness and understanding.我因她的善良和善解人意而珍视她。
I really value him as a friend. 我真的把他珍视为朋友。
n. 价值
be of great value 有很大价值
the value of... ……的价值
Eg.The environmental protection work is of great value, so I will continue doing it.
环保工作很有价值，所以我会继续做下去。
The son realized the value of hard work.儿子意识到了努力工作的价值。
There is nothing valuable in the bag. 包里没有什么贵重的东西。
valuable 是value 的形容词，意为“贵重的；宝贵的”。
【新题速递】 1、It’s necessary for us to learn to ______ time and make good use of every minute.
A．spend B．value C．record D．waste
16.We often just drop by our friends’ homes if we have time.
要点18 drop by 的用法
用法分析 drop by 顺便访问；随便进入 过去式和过去分词均为dropped，现在分词为dropping
drop by 可单独使用，也可接表示地点的名词，此时相当于come over to。
Eg.If you’re free tomorrow, why don’t you drop by for a chat
如果你明天有空，为什么不顺便过来聊聊呢？
However busy he is, he often spares time to drop by colleges to make young people know more about the folk art.
不管他有多忙，他经常抽出时间去大学，让年轻人更多地了解民间艺术。
拓展：
drop in 顺便走访；顺便拜访 （drop by 可单独使用也可直接加宾语，
而drop in 必须先接介词再加宾语。）
drop in on sb. 顺便拜访某人
drop in at + 地点 顺便访问某地
drop back/behind 落后
drop out(of) 退出
Eg.I plan to drop in on my teacher after school today. I haven’t seen her for a long time.
我计划今天放学后顺便拜访我的老师。我已经很久没有见到她了。
The manager dropped in at the bank to get some money.经理顺便去银行取了些钱。
Work harder, or you’ll drop behind others.
再努力一点，否则你会落后于他人。
Lu Xun dropped out of the medical school in 1906 and took up writing to wake up the Chinese people at that time. 1906 年鲁迅从医学院辍学, 开始写作来唤醒当时的中国人。
【新题速递】 1、—I hear you are in my town. ____ any time you like.
—I’ll if I have time.
A. Drop by B. Turn down
C. Show up D. Run off
16.We often just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can!
动词的-ing 形式短语seeing as many of our friends as we can 作伴随状语，
说明作谓语的动词短语walk around表示的动作发生时，另一个动作也在发生。
要点18 as...as sb. can/could 的用法
用法分析 as...as sb. can/could 某人尽可能……
as...as sb. can/could 相当于 as...as possible。
Eg.Try every means to read as many books as you can.想尽一切办法尽可能多读书。
If you want to catch up with him, you must work as hard as possible/you can.
如果你想赶上他，你必须尽可能努力学习。
【新题速递】 1、去年寒假，琳达在北京待了两个多星期。她想参观尽可能多的地方。
Last winter holiday, Linda stayed in Beijing for __ __ __ __ two weeks. She wanted to visit __ __ many places ____ she could.
17.①...so we don’t mind if people are a little late sometimes.……因此如果有时人们迟到一会儿，我们并不介意。 ②...it’s OK if you arrive a bit late.……你迟到一会儿也没有关系。
要点19 a little与a bit 的用法
【易混辨析】a little与a bit
短语 相同之处 不同之处
a little 都可表示程度，意为“稍微；有点儿”，且都可以修饰动词、形容词等 可直接修饰不可数名词
a bit 修饰不可数名词时，要用a bit of
Eg.She’s a bit/a little afraid of the teacher. 她有点儿害怕老师。（修饰形容词）
Please turn down the radio a bit/a little. 请把收音机音量调小一点儿。（修饰动词）
There is a little water in the glass.=There is a bit of water in the glass.玻璃杯里有一点儿水。（修饰不可数名词）
【新题速递】
1.—Is your friend Michael still in Australia
—I don't know. I have_______information about him because we haven't seen each other for________ years.
A. a little; a few B. little; a few C. a few; a little D. few; a little
2.She doesn’t like to meet people. She’s______shy.
A.a lot of B.a bit C.a little of D.little
3.Miss White said_______to cheer me up.
A.a lot B.a lot of C.little D.lot of
18.In Switzerland, it’s very important to be on time. 在瑞士，守时非常重要。
要点20 it’s +adj+to do sth 的用法
用法分析 it’s +adj+to do sth 做……是……的
该结构中it为形式主语，动词不定式短语为真正的主语。
Eg.It’s very important to learn a foreign language.学习一门外语是非常重要的。
要点21 on time 的用法
用法分析 on time 准时; 按时
辨析: on time 与 in time
on time 表示“准时、按时”, 事情是按计划发生的, 指正好在约定的时间发生, 一般放在句末。
in time 表示“及时”，指在约定的时间之前发生。
Eg.You are supposed to eat on time. 你应该按时吃饭。
Luckily, the old man was saved in time by a doctor passing by.幸运的是，那位老人被一位路过的医生及时救了。
After work, I drop by the gym for a quick workout at times.下班后，我有时会顺便去健身房快速锻炼一下。
By the time I reached school, the teacher had already enteredthe classroom. 我到校的时候，老师已经进了教室。
No one can do two things well at the same time.没有人能同时做好两件事。
time 构成的其他短语：
【新题速递】她总是按时到校，从未迟到过。
She always gets to school ___ __ __ ___ and has never been late for school.
19.In Switzerland, it’s very important to be on time. 在瑞士，守时非常重要。
要点22 the capital of... 的用法
用法分析 the capital of... ……的首都/ 国都
Eg.Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。
拓展：(1) capital 作名词，还可意为“大写字母”，常与介词in 连用。
Eg.Please write in capitals. 请用大写字母书写。
(2) capital 还可作形容词，意为“大写的”。
Eg.This is a capital letter. 这是一个大写的字母。
【新题速递】Beijing, ______ capital of China, is ______ city with a long history.
A. /; the B. a; the C. the; a
要点23 after all 的用法 (高频)
用法分析 after all 毕竟；终归
after all 是固定短语，可位于句首、句中或句末，在句中作状语，可用于强调某个理由或重要的论点。
Eg.We should make our own decisions. After all, no one knows us better than ourselves.
我们应该自己做决定。毕竟，没有人比我们更了解自己。
He should have paid. He suggested it, after all. after all 还可意为“别忘了”，用来解释或说明理由。
他本应该支付的，别忘了，是他提议的。
Above all, you should often let the doctor check your eyesight.
首先，你应该经常让医生检查你的视力。
I can’t see her at all. It’s too dark.
天太黑了，我根本看不见她。
There are more than ten thousand books in all in the library.
图书馆里总共有一万多本书。
含all 的其他常用短语：
① above all 首先；最重要的是
② not at all 一点也不；根本不(用于否定句)
③ in all 总共
【新题速递】—This is so difficult that I want to give up.
—Take it easy. ____, it takes time to learn something new.
A．In that case B．For example
C．By the way D．After all
19.If you’re even 15 minutes late, your friend may get mad. 哪怕你仅迟到了15分钟，你的朋友也可能会很生气。
要点22 get mad 的用法
用法分析 get mad 大动肝火；气愤
Eg.I really get mad when you take things without asking.你不问就拿东西，我真的很生气。
I don’t think you should get mad at your mum.我认为你不应该生你妈妈的气。
Don’t get mad about the broken window.别为这个破碎的窗户而恼火。
get mad at/with sb.表示“生某人的气”，同义短语为get angry at/with sb.；
get mad about sth.表示“对某事感到气愤”,“因某事生气”。
Eg.Whatever I say, please don’t get mad at/with me. 无论我说什么，请不要生我的气。
There’s no need to get mad about it! 没必要为这件事发火。
mad作形容词，意为“很生气；疯的”，其比较级和最高级分别为 madder ， maddest 。
Eg.The result drove me mad. 这个结果使我发疯。
This morning he was a little mad. 今天早上他有点生气。
拓展：mad 还可意为“特别喜欢；痴迷”。be mad about/on... 对……着迷。
If you are mad about football, you can choose to work in a sports shop or help out at a local football club.
如果你对足球着迷，你可以选择在体育用品商店工作或在当地的足球俱乐部帮忙。
mad 的常用搭配：
drive sb. mad 使某人发疯
be mad 感到生气(强调状态)
【新题速递】In my memory, my math teacher, Miss Smith, was always patient with us and she seldom got m .
20.So I make an effort to be on time when I meet my friends.
要点23 make an effort 的用法
用法分析make an effort 意为“作出努力”，其中effort作名词，意为“努力；尽力”。
make an effort to do sth “努力做某事”。
make an effort 中的an 也可以根据情况换成another, every, one more, no 等词。
I will make every effort to arrive on time.我将尽一切努力准时到达。
He decided to make one more effort. 他决定再努力一次。
拓展：effort 作名词，“努力；尽力”。
China will put more effort into keeping green mountains and clear rivers.中国将更加努力地保持青山绿水。
They lifted the heavy rock without effort.他们毫不费力就把那块沉重的石头举起来了。
The only thing in life achieved without effort is failure.唯独失败无需努力便唾手可得。[谚]
特别提醒：
① effort 泛指努力时，通常是不可数名词。
② effort 强调一次具体的努力时，通常是可数名词。
effort 的其他相关短语：
put more effort into doing sth.更加努力做某事
without effort 毫不费力
【新题速递】
1.We must make ________ effort to run there in order to meet my grandparents earlier.
A. a B. the C. an D. /
2.The doctors are making an effort________the patients.
A. save B. saving C. to save D. saved
3.China has made great efforts ______ other countries build high-speed railways.
A．help B．to help C．helping D．Helped
21. I always leave the house early to avoid heavy traffic because I think it’s impolite to keep others waiting.
要点24 avoid 的用法
用法分析 avoid / 'v d/ v. 避免；回避
Smart homes are helpful in avoiding the unnecessary waste, so they possibly benefit the environment.
智能家居有助于避免不必要的浪费，因此它们可能对环境有益。
Learn from past mistakes to avoid future ones.惩前毖后。
They avoid going out alone after dark.他们避免黄昏后独自出门。
avoid 为及物动词后接名词、代词或动词的-ing 形式作宾语。
avoid doing sth.避免做某事
拓展 ：巧记接动词的 -ing 形式作宾语的动词及短语：
享受介意必完成: (enjoy, mind, finish)
考虑建议盼望着: (consider, suggest, look forward to)
避免错过继续练: (avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise)
想要成功坚持忙: (feel like, succeed in, stick to, be busy)
习惯放弃有困难: (be used to, give up, have difficulty/ trouble)
【新题速递】My father always ______ (避免) clothes shopping, for he doesn’t care about his clothing.
要点25 keep sb. doing sth. 的用法
用法分析 keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
为“keep + 宾语+ 宾语补足语”结构，此处是动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语。
keep 在此处作及物动词，意为“(使) 保持”。
The coach kept the players doing drills to improve their skills.教练让球员们一直做练习以提高他们的技术。
keep+adj. 保持某种状态
Keep quiet, please.请保持安静。
拓展：
(1) 在“keep + 宾语+ 宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语还可以是形容词、副词或介词短语。
keep + 人/ 物+ 形容词
keep keep + 人/ 物+ 副词
keep + 人/ 物+ 介词短语
We must keep the classroom clean every day.我们必须每天保持教室干净。
Don’t keep him away from home.不要让他离开家。
Keep your mind on the task at hand.专心于手头的任务。
(2) keep(on) doing sth. 继续做某事
There are always some things we just have to keep on doing.
总有一些事情，我们不得不继续做下去。
(3) keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
Planting trees can keep soil from being washed away.
植树可以防止土壤流失。
【新题速递】I would keep ________ (practice) after daily training every day.
22. Also, we never visit a friend’s house without calling first.
本句是一个含有双重否定的句子，句子中never 和without 都表示否定意义，合在一起表示肯定意义。
双重否定：常见的双重否定结构：no/not/never/without/ hardly 等否定词+ 表示否定意义的词或短语。
No one is not interested in this topic.没有人对这个话题不感兴趣。
要点26 without 的用法
用法分析 without /w ' a t/ prep. 无；没有 其反义词为with。
后接名词、代词或动词的-ing 形式，表示伴随情况或条件，在句中作状语。
He found the place without difficulty.他毫不费力地找到了那个地方。
My life seems meaningless without you.没有你，我的生活似乎没有意义。
It was very impolite of her to leave without telling us.她不向我们打声招呼就走了，太不礼貌了。
【新题速递】—Maria. You have made such great progress in English.
—Thanks, Ms. Chen. I can’t make it _____ your help.
A．with B．without C．for
23. We usually plan to do something interesting, or go somewhere together.
要点27 something interesting 的用法
用法分析 something interesting 有趣的事情
形容词修饰不定代词时，放在不定代词的后面。
Learning is a lifelong journey because we can learn something new every day.
学习是一生的旅程，因为我们每天都可以学到新东西。
We are trying to do everything possible to help you.我们正尽一切可能帮助你。
指人的不定代词：
someone 某人
anyone 任何人
everyone 人人，每人
somebody 某人
anybody 任何人
everybody 人人
nobody 没有人
指物/事的不定代词：
something 某物；某事
anything 任何物；任何事
everything 每件事；所有事物
nothing 没有什么；没有一件东西
【新题速递】—Tina, did you buy ______ when you went to Dazhou last month
—Of course. I bought some Dengying Beef for my parents.
anything special B．special anything C．something special
24. In many eastern European countries, you are supposed/expected to take off your gloves before shaking hands. 在许多东欧国家，在握手之前你应该摘下你的手套。
要点28 take off 的用法
用法分析 take off在此处意为“脱下（衣服）”，为“动词+副词”型词组。
其反义短语为 put on “穿上”。
Take off your coat. It’s too hot. = Take your coat off. It’s too hot. 脱下你的外套。太热了。
Your shoes look dirty. You should take them off. 你的鞋子看起来脏了。你应该把它们脱下来。
take off还可意为“（飞机等）起飞”。
The plane took off an hour late. 飞机起飞晚了一个小时。
【拓展延伸】含off的其他常用短语：
【新题速递】
1.What bad weather! The plane can’t from the airport on time.
A.put off B. take off C. turn off D. get off
2.I will have a meeting tomorrow, so I have to my trip to Beijing.
A.put off B. go off C. cut off D. take off
3.与人握手时脱下手套是一种礼貌。(take)
It is polite _______ your gloves when you shake hands with others.
25. ...but it is worth the trouble if you want to understand another culture.……但是如果你想理解另一种文化，这种麻烦是值得的。
要点29 worth 的用法
用法分析 worth作形容词，意为“值得；有……价值（的）”，常用搭配：
China Daily is worth reading. We can learn a lot from it. 《中国日报》值得读。我们能从中学到很多。
The museum is certainly worth a visit. 这家博物馆的确值得参观。
The ring is worth 5,000 yuan. 这枚戒指值5000元。
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林。（谚语）
【新题速递】
1.I don’t think this movie is worth .
A.to watching B. to watch C. watch D. watching
2.I think the book is worth . You’d better the chance.
A.very; reading; not to miss B.well; reading; not miss
C. well; reading; not to miss D.very; reading; not miss
要点30【易混辨析】重点：another, other, others, the other与the others
another 表示泛指，指三者或三者以上中的“另一个”，其后可以接可数名词单数；也可用作代词
other 表示泛指，意为“其余的；另外的”，常与可数名词复数连用
others 表示泛指，意为“其他的”，指除去某些后剩下的一部分，相当于“other+可数名词复数”
the other 表示特指，指两者中的另一个one...the other...“一个……，另一个……”
the others 表示特指，指一定范围内除去某些后剩下的全部，相当于“the other+可数名词复数”
This glass is broken. Please give me another one. 这个玻璃杯破了。请再给我一个。
Some students are reading and other students are writing. 一些学生在阅读，另一些学生在写字。
Some designs are better than others. 有一些设计比其他的好。
Mary has two cousins. One is quiet, and the other is noisy. 玛丽有两个堂弟，一个很安静，另一个很吵闹。
There are 40 balls here. 10 are blue, and the others are red. 这里有40个球。10个是蓝色的，其余的是红色的。
【新题速递】
1.Some people are too shy to say a word in public. However, aren’t.
A.another B.the other C.others D.the others
2.This cake is delicious! Can I have piece, please
A. other B. another C. others D. the other
3.Mr. turner bought two bikes. One was for his wife, and was for his son.
A. another B. other C. the other D. one
4.There are twenty-eight students in the class. Ten of them are girls and are boys.
A. the other B. the others C. others D. other
26.After class, students _____ clean the chalk off the blackboard.
要点31 clean... off 的用法
用法分析 clean... off 把……擦掉
clean... off是“动词+副词”结构，名词作宾语时，可以放在两词中间，也可以放在副词之后；
代词作宾语时，只能放在两词之间。
He tried to clean the mud off.= He tried to clean off the mud.
他试着把泥擦掉。
Look at the dirt on your shoes. Please clean it off.看看你鞋上的灰尘。请把它擦掉。
Your room is dirty. Please clean it up.
你的房间脏了。请把它打扫干净。
You need to clean out the drawers of your desk.你需要把你书桌的抽屉彻底清理干净。
clean 的其他常见短语：
clean up 打扫干净
clean out 把……内部彻底打扫干净
【新题速递】In China, people usually ______ their houses to sweep away bad luck before Spring Festival.
A. clean up B. look up
C. make up D. put up
要点32 chalk 的用法
用法分析 chalk /t k/ n. 粉笔
chalk 作 “粉笔”讲时, 一般用作不可数名词，但说“各种颜色的粉笔”时，则要用复数。
Please write with chalk. 请用粉笔写。
Can you get a box of coloured chalks for me 你能为我拿一盒彩色粉笔吗？
chalk 的常用短语： a piece of chalk 一支粉笔
a box of coloured chalks 一盒彩色粉笔
27.If you visit the northern coast of Norway during the winer season, it ______ pack warm clothes.
要点33 northern 的用法
用法分析 northern /'n (r) (r) n/ adj. 北方的；北部的
northern 是由north(北，北方) +ern 构成。
Dongting Lake is in the northern part of Hunan Province. 洞庭湖在湖南省的北部。
小贴士: 在表示方位的名词词尾加-ern 可构成形容词。类似的词还有：
east + -ern → eastern(东方的；东部的)
west + -ern → western(西方的；西部的)
south + -ern → southern(南方的；南部的)
【新题速递】Beijing is in ____ China and China is a(n) _____ country.
A．north; western B．northern; eastern
C．south; eastern D．east; west
28.If there are people in the meeting room, you ______ knock before entering.
要点34 knock 的用法
用法分析 knock /n k/, /nɑ k/ v. 敲；击 n. 敲击声；敲击
① knock 可作不及物动词，指出声地、连续地击打。knock at/ on the door 意为“敲门”。
One day, success will knock at your door.总有一天，成功会敲你的门。
② knock 还可以作可数名词，意为“敲击声；敲击”。
Suddenly, there was a knock on the door. 突然有敲门声。
格言谚语记单词：
Opportunity knocks but once. 机不可失，时不再来。
拓展：knock 还可作及物动词，意为“碰；撞”。
knock sth. on sth. 某物撞/ 碰某物；knock sb. down 撞倒某人。
Be careful, or you will knock your head on this low beam.小心，否则你将把你的头撞在这矮梁上。
When I turned around, I nearly knocked the little girl down.当我转身时，我差点撞倒这个小女孩。
【新题速递】It’s polite to k at the door before entering the office.
29.table manners
要点35 manner 的用法
用法分析 manner /'m n (r) / n. 方式 ；方法 (pl.) 礼貌；礼仪
manners 意思是“礼貌”，它常以复数形式出现。
manner 的常用短语：
① table manners 餐桌礼仪
② have good manners 有礼貌
③ have bad manners 没有礼貌
It’s one of the good table manners in China to ask the old to eat first.
请老人先吃饭是中国良好的餐桌礼仪之一。
It’s important for us to have good manners.有礼貌对我们来说很重要。
It’s bad manners to ask others personal questions, such as age and marriage.
询问别人个人问题是没礼貌的，比如年龄和婚姻。
拓展：manner 还可意为“方式；方法”“态度；举止”，常用单数形式。
in a ... manner 以……方式。
His manner was polite but cool. 他举止有礼但很冷漠。
Manners make the man.礼貌造就人。（谚语）
【新题速递】It is bad m to talk with your mouth full.
要点36 be supposed to 与be expected to 的用法
辨析
be supposed to
概述 be supposed to do sth. 意为“应该做某事”，其中to为不定式符号，后跟动词原形，可与 should do sth. 互换。它可以用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任，或按规定、习惯、安排等应当做某事。
用法 主语是人，意为“应该”，用来表示劝告、建议、责任等。①
当主语是“物”时，be supposed to 意为“本应；本该”，用来表示“某事本应该发生而没有发生”。②
形式 否定形式： be not supposed to do sth. “不应该做某事”，表示命令或禁止。 ③
一般疑问句：Be sb. supposed to do sth. ④
be expected to be expected to do sth. 意为“被期待做某事”，表达的主观性比be supposed to do sth.强。to是动词不定式符号，后接动词原形。⑤
You’re supposed to learn more knowledge to support your dream.你应该多学知识去支持你的梦想。
【新题速递】1、翻译句子You are supposed to ask your teacher for help.
__________________________________________________________
2、作为新一代，我们应该努力工作。
As a new generation, we ______ _______ ______ work hard.
The train was supposed to arrive ten minutes ago.火车本应该在十分钟前就到达了。
You aren’t supposed to talk loudly in the hospital.你不应该在医院里大声讲话。
Are you supposed to help your parents do housework 你应该帮你的父母做家务吗？
拓展：be supposed to 还可意为“被认为是”。
This is supposed to be the oldest building in the city.这被认为是这座城市里最古老的建筑物。
She is expected to be a good doctor. 她有望成为一名好医生。
【新题速递】3、—Can he get the first prize in the race
—He ____ so, but he has just hurt his leg. It’s impossible now.
A. will expect to do B. is expected doing
C. has expected doing D. was expected to do
4、Borrowers are expected ________ (return) books on time.
要点37 It is + adj .(+ for/ of sb.) + to do sth. 句型的用法
用法分析 用法分析 manner /'m n (r) / n. 方式 ；方法 (pl.) 礼貌；礼仪
It is + adj. (+for/of sb.) + to do sth. 的句型 It is + adj .+ to do sth.做某事是……的①
It is + adj .+ for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是……的②
It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是……的 ③
It’s important to prevent teenagers from being bullied.防止青少年被欺凌是很重要的。
It’s popular to hire a boat and row on the lake. 租一条船在湖上划是受欢迎的。
【新题速递】1、It’s polite to ______ (say) thank you when someone helps you.
It is very difficult for them to work out the math problem.对他们来说算出这道数学题很难。
It’s very important for us to develop a good reading habit. 养成一个良好的阅读习惯对我们来说很重要。
特别提醒：此句型中的形容词为描述事物特征的词，
如difficult, important, easy, hard, necessary, possible, dangerous, impossible 等，是说明动词不定式的。
【新题速递】2、对学生们来说，知道学习的重要性是必要的。
It’s ________ for students ______ ______ the importance of studying.
③　 It is impolite of you to say that.你那样说是不礼貌的。
It is kind of you to make dinner for us all tonight. 你今晚为我们所有人做晚饭，真是太好了。
特别提醒: 此句型中的形容词为描述人物品质或性格特征的词，
如clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, polite 等，用来形容of 后的sb.。
【新题速递】3、It’s careful ______ you to find out the difference between the twins.
of B. for C. to D. on
4、It’s kind of you ______ (help) the old cross the road.
拓展：It’s + adj. + that 从句，其中形容词用来修饰从句。
It is necessary that we learn and pass on our traditional Chinese medicine culture.
学习和传承我们的传统中医文化是有必要的。
It’s true that hard work leads to success. 勤奋工作通向成功，这是事实。
随堂练习
一、根据首字母及汉语提示补全单词
1.He 　 　(迎接) all the guests warmly as they arrived.
2.There is nothing 　 　(有问题) with my computer. It works well.
3.The mother gave her baby a 　 　(吻) and went out for work.
4.In many countries,people 　 　(握住)hands with each other when they meet.
5.[熟词生义]Can I buy you lunch in 　 　(回报) for your help
6.The newly opened museum is certainly　 　(值得) a visit.
7.New York is not the　 　(首都) of the US,but Washington D.C.is.
8.It’s polite to k 　on the door before entering a room.
9.My grandparents used to live in a small village on the 　(海岸).
10.I felt 　(放松的) lying in the sun on the beach.
11.If your parents plan to go abroad,they must get their p 　 first.
12.She used a c 　 to draw on the blackboard.
13.If you say that someone is impolite,you mean that he is rather rude and does not have good m 　.
14.　 　(北部的) England is best known for its low mountains and beautiful lakes.
15. [跨学科]Do you know Russia is an 　 　(东部的) European country
二、根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空
1.He felt excited when he spoke in front of the class for the　 　(one) time.
2.You are　 　(suppose) to take off your shoes before you come in.
3.Do you know the man　 　(call) Scott
4.[2024·黑龙江龙东地区]It’s 　 　(polite) to talk loudly in public places.
5.In the exam,the more careful you are,the fewer 　(mistake) you will make.
6.Would you mind 　(give) up your seat to the old man
7. _ _ (gradual), she realized that he wasn’t telling her the truth.
8. The teacher offered us lots of valuable ___ __ (suggest).
9. In our country, we are pretty ____ ____ (relax) about time.
10. In some (north) parts of China, it’s cool in summer.
11. By reading this article, we can learn about table (manner).
12. It’s strange that Jenny left without (say) goodbye.
13. Helen looks forward to (go) to Beijing by plane.
14. David was (invite) to Jane’s party, but he didn’t go.
15. There is a lot of (chalk) in front of the blackboard after each class.
16. I think you must be more careful and avoid __ __(make) the same mistakes.
三、单项填空
( )1._______ our hands and let’s be good friends.
A.Keep up B.Put away C.Hold out D.Take care
( )2. [2024·滁州二模] Make sure that the light _______ off when you leave the office every day.
turn B.turned C.is turned D.was turned
( )3.—Did you watch the competition yesterday
—Yes,I did.John is really a dark horse.Nobody_______him to go so far.
A.wanted B.encouraged C.hoped D.expected
( )4.Tina keeps the good habit of checking her test paper_______she finishes it.
A.as soon as B.in order that
C.now that D.as if
( )5.[2024·四川凉山州改编]—Did you watch To the Wonder with your parents last night
—No,I watched it alone._______ of them were busy.
A.All B.Both C.Neither D.None
( )6.—Excuse me,can you tell me_______I can pay for the new shoes
—You can pay by using WeChat or Alipay.
A.whether B.when C.how D.why
( )7.You should make a(n)_______to improve your reading skills.
A.use B.idea C.effort D.feeling
( )8.—There are a few mistakes in my article.
—_______It’s still an excellent one with beautiful language.
A.It’s no big deal. B.Let’s have a try!
C.No way! D.Is that really so
( )9.—Do you think our team will win the game
—I hope so._______,we’ve prepared for the game for a year.
A.As a result B.After all C.In a word D.At present
( )4.—What’s your favorite_______ —Winter.I can make a snowman.
A.subject B.season C.animal D.sport
( )5.—Long time no see!I miss you so much!
—Just _______ when you are free.
A.drop by B.turn down C.talk back D.run off
( )6.You should _______ the time with your parents because you will leave them when you grow up.
A.change B.stop C.avoid D.value
四、根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词
1.如果我回家晚了,我妈妈会生气的。
If I come home late,my mom will　 　.
2.我们必须尽可能多读书。
We must read　 　 　books　 　we can.
3.你应该把桌子上的脏东西擦掉。
You should　 　the dirty things　 　the table.
4.我经常中午躺在沙发上休息一会。
I often lie on the sofa for a short break 　 　.
5.我们老师总是提醒我们按时交作业。
Our teachers always remind us to hand in our homework 　 　.
6.杰克,把湿衬衫脱下来,要不然你会感冒的。
Jack, 　　 　 your wet shirt or you will catch a cold.
单元语法讲练
语法精讲
（一）be supposed to与be expected to的用法
一、语法概述
be supposed to意为“应该……”，相当于should；be expected to意为“应该……；被期望……”。两者都可用来表示根据规定或传统习惯应该做某事，两者中的to为不定式符号，后接动词原形。
二、be supposed to的用法
1.当主语是人时
be supposed to的主语是人时，意为“应该……”，用来表示劝告、建议、责任等。
Eg.We are supposed to share some housework with our parents when we have free time. 我们应在空闲时间帮父母分担些家务活。
2.当主语是事或物时
be supposed to的主语是事或物时，意为“本该；本应”，用于表示某事本应该发生而没有发生。
Eg.The meeting was supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we’ve had to put it off. 这个会议本应该在星期二举行，但我们不得不把它推迟了。
3.be supposed to do sth.的否定形式
be supposed to do sth.的否定形式为be not supposed to do sth.意为“不应该做某事”，表示命令或禁止。
Eg.In China, you are not supposed to start eating first if there are old people at the table. 在中国，如果餐桌上有老人，你就不应该先开始吃东西。
【拓展延伸】be supposed to have done表示“本应该做某事（实际上没做）”，相当于should have done。
Eg.He was supposed to have arrived an hour ago. 他本应该一小时之前到。
三、be expected to的用法
be expected to do sth. 意为“应该做某事”或“被期望做某事”，其表达的主观性比be supposed to do sth.更强。
Eg.You’re expected to clean the house. （我）希望你把房间打扫一下。
【即学即用】1.You ___ ____ arrive at 6 am, but you arrived at seven last Sunday.
A. supposed to B. were supposed to C. are supposed to D. were supposed
2.我们应该让老人先坐在餐桌旁。
We ___ ___ __ _ ___ ____ let the old people sit down first at the table.
（二）It is +adj.+to do sth.的用法
一、It is +adj.+to do sth.的用法
It is +adj.+to do sth.意为“做某事是……的”，其中It为形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式（短语）。
Eg.It is hard to solve this problem. 解决这个问题很困难。
【拓展延伸】在该结构中，有时在to do sth.前加上for/of sb.，sb.是动词不定式（短语）的逻辑主语。其用法如下：
【语境串记】It’s difficult for me to work out the physics problem, and it’s very kind of him to help me.对我来说，解出这道物理题太难了，他能帮我真是太好了。
语法小测
一、单项选择
1.I’m not sure, but he’s supposed sometime next week.
A.to return B.return C. returning D.returned
2.People are supposed hands when they for the first time in America.
A. shaking B. to shake C. shake D. shook
3.—Julia, your mobile phone is ringing.
—Wait a minute. It’s dangerous it while crossing the street.
A.answering B.answer C.to answer D.answers
4. You are smoke here. Haven’t you seen the sign“No Smoking”
A. supposed to B. supposed C. not supposed to D. not supposed
5.It’s very nice you me two tickets to the World Cup.
A.for; to get B.for; get C.of; to get D.of; get
6.—The manager has come back from his business trip. He’s asking you for the report.
—Oh! I haven’t finished it yet. But he to be back the next day.
A.is expected B.expected C.was expected D.will expect
7.What ___ ____ you to do when you meet your teacher
A. are; supposed B. are; suppose C. do; supposed D. do; suppose
8.You can’t be expected ___ ____a foreign language well in several months.
A. to learn B. learning C. learn D. learned
9.We are all under too much pressure because we____ ____to get good grades.
A.expect B.are expected C.expected D.were expected
10.He ___ _____arrive at six o’clock, but he hasn’t appeared so far.
A.is supposed to B.isn’t supposed to C.was supposed to D.wasn’t supposed to
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.You are expected ___ ____(shake) hands in New York.
2.In the USA, people are _ ___(expect) to shake hands when they first meet.
3.In China, you are not supposed___ ____(start) eating first if there are old people at the table.
4.In Japan, it’s polite for people___ _____(bow) to each other.
5.It’s important for us__ ___(keep) a healthy lifestyle.
语法专练
一、单项选择(本大题共50小题，每小题2分，共100分)
1．—Could you give me some advice on how to use my time
—First of all, you ________ to spend more time studying.
A．supposed B．were supposed C．are supposing D．are supposed
2．People in Korea are ________ to bow when they meet for the first time.
A．suppose B．supposed C．expect D．expects
3．Mr Smith was ________ to be a doctor but he became a teacher when he grew up.
A．thought B．supposed C．suggested D．reminded
4．The train ________ arrive at 14:25, but it was half an hour late.
A．need B．must C．can D．was supposed to
5．Drivers ________ consider ________ more electric cars instead of fuel cars.
A．are suppose to; using B．should; to use
C．are supposed to; using D．should; used
6．I think everyone is supposed to do ________ we can ________ our environment now.
A．that; to protect B．which; protect C．that; protect D．what; to protect
7．You are ________ walk on the grass. It breaks the school rules.
A．supposed B．not supposed C．supposed to D．not supposed to
8．—Am I pretty today, Ms. Jones
—Yes, but girls ________ to wear short skirts in this middle school.
A．are supposed B．aren’t supposed C．don’t suppose
9．—Could you give me some advice on how to spend my time wisely
— First of all, you ________ to spend more time studying.
A．suppose B．supposed
C．were supposed D．are supposed
10．We are supposed to ________ a hobby instead of spending much time on smartphones.
A．take up B．put off C．give out
11．According to the traffic rules, everyone is supposed ________ a seat belt in the car.
A．wearing B．wears C．worn D．to wear
12．You are supposed ________ up when the teacher comes in.
A．stand B．standing C．to stand D．to standing
13．I think the phubbers (低头族) are supposed to ________ the time they spend on their smartphones.
A．cut off B．cut down C．cut out
14．Teenagers aren’t supposed to ________ their parents too much and they should try to solve problems by themselves.
A．depend on B．get on with C．look after
15．—I think every student is supposed to ________ a sporting activity for a healthy life.
—That’s true and parents should encourage kids to do sports regularly.
A．turn off B．take up C．put away
16．We are supposed to ________ our hand before we speak in class.
A．put up B．put out C．put down D．put away
17．In order to save paper, everyone is supposed to ________ it.
A．want B．recycle C．boil D．teach
18．—What should we do for the disabled children in the Children’s Home
—You’re supposed to ________ a study group to help them.
A．take up B．set up C．make up D．stay up
19．We are supposed to ________ smart phones and take more exercises instead.
A．take off B．put away C．pick up D．take up
20．________ safe, everyone ________ wear a seat belt in a car.
A．keeping; is supposed B．Keep; is supposed to
C．To keep; is supposed to D．To keep; is supposed
21．The movie Wolf Warrior Ⅰ is well worth ________. Everyone ________ see it.
A．see; be supposed to B．seeing; is suppose
C．seeing; is supposed to D．see; are supposed to
22．—We’re not supposed to ________ those who failed.
—No one can be a winner all the time.
A．turn out B．laugh at C．spread out D．share with
23．Everyone is supposed to ________ a sporting activity for a healthy life.
A．come out B．put away C．turn down D．take up
24．You ________ loudly in public.
A．don’t suppose to talk B．don’t suppose to talking
C．aren’t supposed to talk D．aren’t supposed to talking
25．Jenny is supposed ________ the first prize again.
A．wining B．win C．to win D．wins
26．You are supposed to ________ your classmates. Don’t argue with them.
A．get to B．get off C．get on D．get along well with
27．People are supposed ________ when they meet for the first time in America.
A．shaking hands B．to shake hands C．kissing D．to kiss
28．You ________ come here before 8:30 tomorrow morning.
A．suppose to B．supposed to C．are supposed to D．are supposed
29．According to the traffic rules, everyone is supposed ________ a seat belt in the car.
A．wearing B．to wear C．to be worn
30．You are supposed ________ your coat because of the hot weather.
A．to get off B．shutting off C．to take off
31．We ________ to check our papers several times before handing them in.
A．suppose B．supposed C．are supposed D．are supposing
32．It’s very kind ________ you ________ others when they’re in need.
A．for; to help B．of; to help C．for; helping D．of; helping
33．—Was it necessary ________ John ________ some photos before helping the old man
—I think so. In this way, he could protect himself later.
A．of; taking B．for; taking C．of; to take D．for; to take
34．It’s necessary for us ________ to our parents when we have problems.
A．to talk B．talking C．talk D．talked
35．He found ________ difficult ________ English well.
A．it, learn B．it, to learn C．that, learn D．that, to learn
36．We find_____impossible for us______a foreign language well in a short time.
A．one ;learn B．it ;to learn C．that ;to learn D．this ;learning
37．It’s important people learn team spirit.
A．of; of B．of; to C．for; to D．to; to
38．It’s very kind ___________ you to lend me your reusable shopping bags.
A．of B．for C．to D．with
39．It’s fun _______ with friends.
A．going shopping B．to go shopping C．goes shopping D．went shopping
40．I think ________ useful for students ________ English books often.
A．it; read B．it’s; to read C．that it; to read D．it’s; read
41．________ is important ________ us to do morning exercises every day.
A．That; for B．It; for C．This; for D．It; of
42．I think it is not difficult for us _________ at school.
A．to make friends B．make friend C．makes friends D．to make friend
43．It’s ________ for me ________ a report in such a short time. I’m not good at it.
A．possible; to write B．possible; write C．impossible; writing D．impossible; to write
44．It’s wrong ________ you ________ your parents’ advice.
A．for；don’t accept B．of；not to accept C．for；not accept D．of；not accepting
45．It is impossible _________ how large the universe is.
A．to imagine B．imagining C．imagine D．imagined
46．—It is difficult ________ new faces in the new term.
—That’s why I suggest you let each student prepare a name card on the table. It’s the best way to help.
A．for me to remember B．of me to remember
C．for me remembering D．of me remembering
47．— How do you like the ice cream
— It is ________ delicious that everyone enjoys it. It is very kind ________ you to offer us the tasty dessert.
A．so; for B．so; of C．such; for D．too; of
48．It is cheaper ________ a car than to have a personal car.
A．share B．sharing C．shared D．to share
49．It’s very polite ________ you ________ say hello.
A．for; of B．of; for C．to; for D．of; to
50．It is important for students _______ sports every morning.
A．plays B．playing C．to play D．Played
Section B教材要点精析
1.In China, you’re not supposed to stick your chopsticks into the food.
要点1 stick 的用法
用法分析 stick /st k/ v. 粘贴；将……刺入(stick—stuck—stuck)
①意为“粘贴”。
The glue doesn’t stick well. 这种胶水粘得不牢。
②意为“将……刺入”，常与in/into 搭配。
I stuck the knife into the apple. 我把刀子插进苹果里。
拓展：(1) stick to“坚持”，后接名词、代词或动名词。
Teenagers should experience more useful activities and stick to them.
青少年应该体验更多有益的活动并坚持下去。
(2) 作名词时，意为“枝条；棍”。
They collected sticks to make a fire.他们收集树枝来生火。
【新题速递】
Although his parents didn’t want him to work abroad, Li Yang ______ (stick) to his own decision.
2.In China, it’s impolite to use your chopsticks to hit an empty bowl.
要点2 empty 的用法
用法分析 empty /'empti/ adj. 空的; 空洞的
empty作形容词时，意为“空的”。其反义词为full (满的) ，可作表语或定语。
When I got to the classroom, it was empty.当我到教室的时候，教室里空无一人。
Do you notice there is an empty box on the floor 你注意到地板上有一个空箱子吗？
拓展：
(1) empty 作形容词时，还可意为“空洞的”。通常只用在名词前作定语。
The professor’s wordy and empty speech was boring.这位教授的冗长空洞的演讲使人厌烦。
(2) empty 作及物动词时，意为“倒空”。反义词为fill。
The graceful woman emptied the water out of the vase.那位优雅的女人把水从花瓶里倒了出来。
【新题速递】—It’s not good to drink milk when your stomach is ______.
—OK, Mum. I’ll eat something before that.
full B．empty C．large D．Cold
3.point at anyone with your chopsticks.
要点3 point at 的用法
用法分析 point at 指向
一语辨异：The girl pointed at the boy who was pointing to an exercise book and pointed out his mistakes.
那个女孩指着那个正指向练习册的男孩，并指出了他的错误。
辨析：po