Unit 3 Food and Culture Using Language 语言点导学案（含答案）-2024-2025学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

语言点
Reading and Thinking
Page32
(指示性缩略语说明：Para1,指课文第1段。Line1指本段第1行。Page32指课本第32页。相关类似)
(颜色使用说明二：红色为宏观位置提示。绿色为重要语言点提醒。紫色为必做笔记部分。)
(附录：课文汉语译文)
Para1, Line1, Page32
There is much debate nowadays as to what makes up a healthy diet.
现在关于什么构成健康饮食仍众说纷纭。
(1)as to 至于；谈到；关于
As to the journey, we shall decide about that later.
至于旅行，我们以后再对此作出决定。
Medical opinion differs as to how to treat the disease.
关于如何治疗这种疾病医学界有不同的看法。
They gave no indication as to how the work should be done.
他们根本没说明这项工作该怎样做。
(2)介词+宾语从句
句式点拨
句中as to是介词短语,what makes up a healthy diet是由what引导的宾语从句,作介词短语as to的宾语。介词后面的宾语从句通常是由wh-连接词引导的,除了一些固定搭配,如:in that(因为),but that(要不是),except that(除了)等之外,大部分介词(短语)后不能接that引导的宾语从句。
单句填空
①Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on 　　　　　　we have been brought up.
②When she returned to the US the second time, she had no clear idea of 　　　　　she would do next.
③The essay was perfect except 　　　　　　there were some misprints.
Keys: ①where　②what　③that　
完成句子
④After graduating from university she was still undecided as to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
大学毕业后,她仍拿不定主意要从事什么职业。
⑤Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on 　　　　　　.
生命是否会在地球上延续几百万年要取决于这个问题能否得到解决。
Keys:④what career she wanted to pursue/take up　⑤whether this problem can be solved
Para1, Line5, Page32
And in America，people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day...在美国，每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍……
倍数表达法
此句中的twice as likely...是倍数表达法。常见句型：
...倍数＋比较级＋than...
...倍数＋as＋原级＋as...
...倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，width，amount...)＋of...
例句：
The building is twice bigger than that one.
The building is three times as big as that one.
The building is three times the size of that one.
单句填空
(1)Not only is this river twice the __________(wide) of that one but it also is three times the ____________(long) of that one.
Keys:(1) width, length
(2)(2022·天津，书面表达) 正如短视频中所显示的，现在英语俱乐部的成员人数是刚成立时的四倍。
①As is shown in the short clip，the Spoken English Club now has ______________ when it was founded.
②As is shown in the short clip，the Spoken English Club now has ______________ when it was founded.
③As is shown in the short clip，the Spoken English Club now has _____________ when it was founded.
Keys:(2) ①four times as many members as
②four times more members than
③four times the number of members than
Para1, Line6, Page32
Journal of the American Medical Association, 2014.《美国医学会杂志》，2014年.
association　n.协会;关联
(1)in association with 与……相联系;与……联合
(2)associate v. 联想,联系
associate…with… 把……与……联系起来
(3)associated adj. 有关联的;联合的
be associated with sth 与某物有联系
例句
We are working in association with a number of local companies to raise money for the homeless.
我们正与本地的一些公司联合为无家可归的人筹款。
单句填空
①The important thing is that the technologist associates what is happening outside the patient’s body 　　　　　　what the patient sees in his head.
②The seaside had all sorts of pleasant 　　　　　　(associate) with childhood holidays for me.
③[2023·浙江1月考] Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even 　　　　　　(associate) with historic events.
Keys:①with　②associations　③associated　
完成句子
④Bamboo plants 　　　　　　　　　　　　health, abundance and a happy home.
竹子与健康、富贵和阖家幸福有关。
⑤The exhibition organized by the local government 　　　　　　　　　　　will be held next week.
这个由当地政府与几位剪纸艺术家联合举办的展览将于下周举行。
Keys:④are associated with ⑤in association with several paper-cutting artists
Para1, Line6, Page32
This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be.
无论他们饮食的其他方面多么健康,都确实如此。
regardless　adv. (despite; not being affected by something)不顾;不管
(1)regardless of 不顾;不管
(2)in spite of=despite 不管,尽管,无论
提示：regardless of除用作介词短语外,其后亦可跟whether, what, how引导的从句,而in spite of和despite后不可直接跟从句,但是可以用于despite/in spite of the fact that…“尽管……”结构。
例句：
Now that you’ve set your mind on the goal, you must make every effort to get it achieved regardless of (=despite/in spite of) challenges.
既然你已经下定决心去实现目标,你就必须尽一切努力去实现它,尽管有挑战。
单句填空
①The weather was terrible but we carried on 　　　　　　(regard).
②She went to Spain 　　　　　　the fact that her doctor had told her to rest.
③[2022·北京卷] There are some activities which everyone should do in our life. For instance, we must exercise daily regardless 　　　　　　our age and working style.
Keys:①regardless　②despite　③of　
完成句子/一句多译
④　 , he always makes the same mistake.
不管我多么经常纠正他, 他总是犯同样的错误。
⑤尽管雨下得很大,我们还是按计划去旅行了。
→In spite of 　, we still made our trip as planned. (同位语从句)
→In spite of 　　　　　　　　　　　　, we still made our trip as planned. (名词)
Keys:④Regardless of how often I correct him　⑤the fact that it was raining heavily; the heavy rain
Para1, Line7, Page32
Put more simply，while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous，we already know that sugar is a killer.简单地说，当人们还在为高脂肪食物是否有害而争论不休时，我们已经知晓糖分是健康杀手。
while的用法
while在本句中用作从属连词，表示“在……期间；当……的时候”，指一段时间，不能用来表示时间点。
while用作从属连词时，还可表示“虽然，尽管”，相当于though/although，引导让步状语从句，多位于句首。
while用作并列连词时，意为“而，然而”，表示前后意义的对比和转折。
完成句子
(1)(2021·浙江6月，读后续写) ______________________________________，I decided to offer my hard earned money to my family and then I dashed home like an arrow.
尽管我渴望买一个新足球，但我还是决定把我辛苦赚来的钱给我的家人，于是，我像箭一样冲回家。
(2)(应用文写作之感谢信) ____________________________________，you helped me make an adaptation to the new surroundings as soon as possible and I can’t thank you enough.
我在伦敦的时候，你帮助我尽快适应了新环境，真是太感谢你了。
(3)I like consuming different kinds of fresh foods full of vitamins and fibre，______________________.
我喜欢吃不同种类的富含维生素和纤维的新鲜食物，而他却偏爱垃圾食品。
Keys:(1) While I was eager/desperate to buy a new football让步状语从句
(2) While I was in London时间状语从句
(3) while he prefers junk food. 表示对比和转折
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In other words, if you want to be healthy, you have to cut down on desserts, and cut out sweet drinks altogether.
换言之，要想身体健康，就必须少吃甜点，完全禁饮甜饮料。
in other words换言之；也就是说
in a/one word总之，简言之
have a word with sb与某人谈一谈
have words with sb与某人吵架
break one’s word失信，食言
keep one’s word遵守诺言
word came that...有消息传来说……
完成句子
________________________ Jane and Jack _____________________ each other，because Jack ________________________.From my point of view，they should ____________________ each other and guarantee to ______________________ from now on.________________________，only by communicating with each other could they make up.________________________，mutual communication could break down their barriers.
有消息传来说简和杰克吵架了，因为杰克食言了。在我看来，他们应该和彼此聊一聊并保证从现在开始都会遵守诺言。总之，只有通过彼此交流他们才能和好。换言之，彼此的交流可以消除他们的分歧。
Keys:
Word came that Jane and Jack had words with each other，because Jack broke his word. From my point of view，they should have a word with each other and guarantee to keep their word from now on. In a/one word，only by communicating with each other could they make up. In other words，mutual communication could break down their barriers.
Para2, Line4, Page32
In other words, if you want to be healthy, you have to cut down on desserts, and cut out sweet drinks altogether.
换言之，要想身体健康，就必须少吃甜点，完全禁止饮甜饮料。
cut down ：表示削减、减低。它后面直接跟名词，用于表示砍倒树木或削减某种数量。。
They cut down the old tree.他们砍倒了那棵老树。
cut down on ：表示减少某事物的量。用于减少某种行为、消耗或数量。它后面通常接名词或动名词，强调的是减少的程度，而不是完全停止。
I need to cut down on my coffee intake.我需要减少咖啡的摄入量。
To stay healthy, he is cutting down on sweets.为了保持健康，他正在减少甜食的摄入。
The company decided to cut down on costs.公司决定削减成本。
cut out: 禁止;切断; 阻止某事; 割掉某物;剪下某物;(引擎)突然熄火,(机器)突然停止运转;(尤因有害健康而)停止做某事，戒除某事物;
He could also have cut out much of the repetition and thus saved many pages.
他原本也可以砍去许多重复的内容，从而缩减许多页。
It would be wiser to cut out all alcohol during pregnancy
在怀孕期间最好滴酒不沾。
Every few minutes the motor cut out as the machinery became jammed.
机器老是卡住，马达隔不了几分钟就突然熄火。
Why don't they cut out the middleman and let us do it ourselves
他们为什么不甩开中间商，让我们自己干呢？
Para3, Line3, Page32
Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher quantities of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients.
相比新鲜食材,加工食品通常营养成分较低,糖分、盐分和脂肪含量更高。
quantity　n. 数量;数额
(1)in quantity 许多;大量
in large quantities 大量地;大批地
(2)a large/small quantity of 大量的/少量的
quantities of 大量;许多
(3)quality n. 质量
in quality 在质量上
of fine quality 高质量的
提示: “a quantity of+不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“a quantity of+可数名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“quantities of+可数名词复数/不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
例句：
The Great Wall is a world-famous tourist destination attracting a large quantity of tourists from home and abroad every year.
长城是举世闻名的旅游景点,每年吸引着大量的国内外游客。
单句填空
①As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert 　　　　　　(cover) the land in the last few years.
②A large quantity of air conditioners 　　　　　　　　　　(sell) since the summer came.
③Up to now large quantities of money　　　　　　　　　　　　(collect) to help those suffering from the floods.
Keys: ①has covered　②have been sold　③have been collected
完成句子
④What a kind family! They 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and a good meal without expecting anything in return.
多么善良的一家人啊!他们给我提供了大量的帮助和一顿美餐,却不求任何回报。
⑤Large quantities of information, as well as some timely help　　　　　　　　　　　　 since the organization was built.
自从这个组织成立后,它已向我们提供了大量的信息和一些及时的帮助。
Keys:④offered me a large quantity of help　⑤have been offered to us
Para4, Line1, Page32
Finally, a fundamental key to healthy eating is to eat slowly.
最后，健康饮食的基本要诀是细嚼慢咽。
(1) a fundamental key to (doing)sth. is to do（做）某事的关键是....
A fundamental key to fulfilling dreams is to work hard.
(2)fundament , n. 基础;基本原理
fundamental, adj. 基本的；根本的；重要的。
be fundamental to表示“对……是根本的”或“对……是必要的”。
基本概念/思想/原则 ：fundamental concept/idea/principle
基本权利/自由 ：fundamental rights/freedoms
Fundamental changes are needed to improve the education system.
为了改善教育系统，需要进行根本性的变革。
Freedom of speech is a fundamental right.言论自由是一项基本权利。
Some understanding of grammar is fundamental to learning a language.
理解语法对学习一门语言是必要的
Para4, Line2, Page32
What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry.这意味着咀嚼过快的人最终会吃太多食物，因为他们仍然感到饥饿。
What this means 主语从句
that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry表语从句
who chew too quickly 作people的定语从句
because they still feel hungry 表语从句中的原因状语从句
Para4, Line5, Page32
In addition, studies show that consistent eating habits, for example, taking three meals a day at the same time each day, are better for our health.
此外，研究表明，有规律的饮食习惯对我们的健康更有好处，例如，每天固定时间食用三餐。
(1). consist v. 由…组成；由…构成；包括；在于；存在于
The beauty of the city consists in its magnificent buildings.
这座城市的美就在于它那些宏伟的建筑。
短语搭配 ：
consist of ：表示“由……组成”，例如，The committee consists of ten members.委员会由十人组成。
consist in ：表示“在于”，例如，True education does not consist in simply being taught facts.真正的教育并不在于简单地讲授事实。
consist with ：表示“符合”，例如，The results consist with our expectations.结果符合我们的预期。
(2). consistent, adj.一致的；持续的；相符的；连续的；始终如一的；相互连贯的
be consistent with ：表示“和……一致”，
例如，“The plan is consistent with our goals.”（该计划与我们的目标一致）。
His action is always consistent with his words. 他始终言行一致
be consistent in 表示“在...方面一致”
The two countries are consistent in fighting against pollution. 这两个国家在与污染做斗争上是一致的
The only question is whether I will rely on it consistently. 唯一的问题是，我是否应该一如既往地对其依
His behavior is inconsistent with his promises. 他的行为与他的承诺不一致
Para5, Line1, Page32
There is no one trick to healthy eating.
健康饮食没有诀窍。
trick　n.诀窍;计谋;把戏 vt.哄骗;欺骗
(1)play tricks/a trick on sb 搞恶作剧;开某人的玩笑
(2)trick sb out of sth 从某人处骗走某物
trick sb into doing sth 诱使某人做某事
(3)tricky adj. 狡猾的,诡计多端的;难办的,难对付的
单句填空
①He tricked her　　　　　　 marrying him by pretending that he was rich.
②The company had some 　　　　　　(trick) problems to solve in its first year in business.
③Research shows that young people are more likely 　　　(trick) into participating in illegal activities.
Keys: ①into　②tricky　③to be tricked　
完成句子/句式改写
④The naughty boy 　　　　　　　　　　　　　, making her cheeks flame with anger.
那个顽皮的男孩捉弄那个害羞的女孩,把她气得两颊通红。
⑤He and he got so desperate that he drowned his sadness in wine.
→　 , he got so desperate that he drowned his sadness in wine.(用分词改写)
他被骗了一大笔钱,绝望得借酒浇愁。
Keys:④played tricks on the shy girl　⑤was tricked out of a large quantity of money; Tricked out of a large quantity of money
Para5, Line4, Page32
It is up to you to decide how you want to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet.
你想如何生活、如何做出正确的饮食选择,这取决于你自己。
It is/was up to sb to do sth. 由某人来决定做某事。
句式点拨
It is/was up to sb to do sth.表示“由某人来决定做某事/做某事取决于某人/做某事是某人的职责。”,其中it是形式主语,代指后面作真正主语的动词不定式(短语)。
相关拓展
It all depends. 一切都得看情况。
It all depends on you.这完全要看你了。
It really depends on you.这的确取决于你。
单句填空
①Your quality of life can either drop or increase—　　　　　　 all depends on you.
②It is up to this committee 　　　　　　(decide) whether you shall be promoted or not.
Keys: ①it　②to decide　
完成句子
③　　　　　　　　　 to manage the affairs of our class when the teacher goes out to attend meetings.
当老师出去开会的时候,管理我们的班级事务就成了班长的职责。
④Life just gives us time and space, and 　　　　　　　　　　　　how to fill it.
生活只给我们时间和空间,如何去填充它由我们决定。
Keys:③It is up to the monitor　④it’s up to us to decide
附录：课文汉语译文
Using Language
HEALTHY EATING
There is much debate nowadays as to what makes up a healthy diet. For example, scientists have insisted for years that a big enemy of health is fatty food. However, there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar. Heart disease is the number one killer of Americans. And in America, people who receive 25%o of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day (Journal of the American Medical Association, 2014). This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be. Put more simply, while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer.
当下，何为健康饮食仍众说纷纭。例如，多年来科学家一直认为健康的大敌是高脂肪食物。然而，越来越多的证据表明，导致不良健康的真正因素并非高脂肪食物，而是糖分。心脏病是美国人的头号杀手。在美国，每天从糖分中摄取25％或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10％的人的两倍(《美国医学会杂志》，2014年)。无论他们饮食的其他方面多么健康，都确实如此。简单地说当人们还在为高脂肪食物是否有害而争论不休时，我们已经知晓糖分是健康杀手。
Much of this extra sugar comes from sweets and sweet drinks. The average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone. The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar, which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar. In other words, if you want to be healthy, you have to cut down on desserts, and cut out sweet drinks altogether.
多余的糖分大多来自甜食和甜饮料。一个普通的美国人单从甜饮料中摄取的糖分就占三分之一。美国心脏协会建议我们将每日糖摄入量限制在100至150卡路里以下，少于一听甜饮料或一块糖果通常所含的糖分。换言之，要想身体健康，就必须少吃甜点，完全禁饮甜饮料。
Beyond this, you can keep healthy by consuming different categories of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables, which are full of vitamins and fibre, rather than processed foods. Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher quantities of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients. Besides this, it is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy products in your diet, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth. As with everything in life, moderation is key. The ideal diet is a balanced one, without too much or too little of any one thing.
除此以外，为了保持身体健康，你还可以食用不同种类的新鲜食物，尤其是富含维生素和纤维素的水果和蔬菜，而不是加工食品。相比新鲜食材，加工食品通常营养成分较低，糖分、盐分和脂肪含量更高。此外，饮食中摄取一些肉类、豆类或奶制品也十分重要，因为这些食物为强壮骨骼、肌肉生长提供必要的蛋白质。适量是关键，生活中万事均如此。理想的饮食是均衡饮食，避免过多或过少摄入任何一种成分。
Finally, a fundamental key to healthy eating is to eat slowly. It takes about twenty minutes from the time you start eating for your brain to tell your body that you are full. What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry. Eating slowly also allows your body to digest your food better, and will allow you to enjoy your food more. In addition, studies show that consistent eating habits, for example, taking three meals a day at the same time each day, are better for our health. It is also better to eat a modest amount of food each time, rather than to eat a lot in one meal, and then a little in the next.
最后，健康饮食的基本要诀是细嚼慢咽。开始进食大约20分钟后，你的大脑才会告知你的身体“你吃饱了”。这意味着咀嚼过快的人最终会吃太多食物，因为他们仍然感到饥饿。细嚼慢咽还能让你的身体更好地消化食物、更充分地享受美食。此外，研究表明，有规律的饮食习惯对我们的健康更有好处，例如，每天固定时间食用三餐。而且最好每餐摄入适量的食物，而不是上一餐吃很多，下一餐吃得很少。
There is no one trick to healthy eating. Rather, healthy eating starts with having a healthy attitude towards food. One question you can ask yourself is, “Do I eat to live, or live to eat ” If you are using food mostly for nutrition, then you are on the right track with your diet. However, if food has become the centre of your life, you might be on the road to bad health. It is up to you to decide how you want to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet。
健康饮食没有诀窍。相反，健康饮食始于健康的饮食态度。你可以问自己一个问题:“我是为了活着而吃饭，还是为了吃饭而活着 ”如果你吃饭主要是为了汲取营养，那么你已经在饮食上走对了路子。然而，如果食物已成为你生活的核心，那么你可能已踏上不健康之路。你想如何生活如何做出正确的饮食决择，这完全取决于你自己。