(共39张PPT)
Unit 2 Go for it!
七年级
外研2024版
下
单词解析（二）
1.none (代词)全无、没有一点
[易混辨析] none， no one和nothing的区别
no one表示“没有一个人”，只可用来指人，不能与of连用，回答who的问句;作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
none即可表示没有人，也可表示没有物，常与of连用，回答用how many/how much的问句。
nothing只可表示“没有物”，不可加of，回答 what的问句;作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Eg: -- Who is knocking at the door 谁在敲门 -- No one. 没有人。
No one knows the answer. 没有人知道答案。
None of us have been to Macao.我们没有一个人去过澳门。
I have nothing to say. 我没什么可说的。
2.member (名词)成员
[用法讲解] member为可数名词，其复数形式为members。
[常见搭配] a member of ...一名...的成员
Eg: He is a member of our school football.他事我们校足球队的一员。
3.moment (名词)某一时刻
[用法讲解] moment作名词，也可译为“片刻、时机”等。
[常见搭配]
at the moment 此刻、目前
for the moment 暂时
Wait a moment. 稍等一会。
Eg: They knew he enjoyed every moment.他们知道他享受着每一刻。
We are busy at the moment. 我们目前很忙。
She is out, so you may use her typewriter for the moment.她出去了，你可以暂时使用她的打字机。
4.if(连词)假若、要是、如果
[用法讲解] if为连词，译为“如果”，常常用来引 导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句为将来时，从句为一般现在时。
Eg: If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.如果明天下雨，我就呆在家里。
if也可以译为“是否”，用来引导宾语从句，时态随实际情况而定。
Eg: I don't know if it will rain tomorrow.我不知道明天是否下雨。
5.possible (形容词)可能的、可能做到的、可能实现的
[常见搭配]
as ... as possible尽可能
if possible 如果可能
It is possible to do sth.做某事是有可能的
[派生词] 反义词:impossible译为“不可能的”
副词形式为possibly，译为“可能地”
名词形式为possibility，译为“可能性”。
Eg: There are possible solutions to this problem. 这个问题可能有解决方案。
It is possible to finish the work in two days.两天内完成这项工作是有可能的。
He tries to run as fast as possible. 他尽可能快跑。
I need to see you, right away if possible.我要见你，如果可能，马上。
Don't ask me to do impossible things.别叫我作不可能的事。
I can't possibly tell you that! 我绝不会把那件事告诉你的!
There is a strong possibility that we'll lose the game.我们很有可能输掉比赛。
6.purpose (名词)目的、意图
[用法讲解] purpose在表示“目的、用途”等意时为可数名词;purpose在表示“意志、决心”时
为不可数名词。
[常见搭配]
the purpose of ... ...的目的
on purpose 故意(地);有意(地)
Eg: The purpose of this meeting is to discuss our future plans.这次会议的目的是讨论我们的未来计划。
He broke the vase on purpose.他故意打破了花瓶。
7.raise (动词)筹集、筹募
[用法讲解] raise作动词时，也可译为“举起、提高、抚养、提出”等意。
[常见搭配]
raise one's hand举手
raise money 筹集资金
Eg: Please raise your glass and toast to our success. 请举杯为我们的成功干杯。
We are trying to raise money for the animals in danger.我们正在为濒危动物筹集资金。
Please raise your hand if you have any questions. 如果你有任何问题请举手。
She was raised in a small town in the countryside. 她在乡下一个小镇长大。
He raised an important issue during the meeting. 他在会议上提出了一个重要问题。
[易混辨析] rise, arise与raise区别:
rise (动词)“上升”表示由低到高的变化过程，强调主语自身移向较高位置。
arise (动词)“起身”主语发出的动作，作用到其它事物。
raise (动词)“举起”表示把具体事物举到高处。
Eg: The sun rises.太阳升起来了。
He arises to greet her.他起身向她问候。
He raises his hand to answer questions.他举手回答问题。
8.charity (名词)慈善事业
[用法讲解] charity为可数名词，其复数形式为charities。
[派生词] 其形容词形式为charitable，译为“慷慨的、仁慈的”。
[常见搭配]
charity work 慈善工作
charity event 慈善活动
out of charity 出于仁慈
charity for the needy施舍穷人
charity to all men 博爱
Eg: Charity begins at home. 仁爱始于家。
The charity does a lot of good.这家慈善机构做了很多善事。
She likes to take part in the charitable activities.她喜欢参加慈善活动。
9.encourage (动词)鼓励、激励
[常见搭配] encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
[派生词] 其名词形式为encouragement，译为“鼓励”
Eg: I have always encouraged him.我一直鼓励他。
My parents always encourage me to follow my dreams.我的父母总是鼓励我追随自己的梦想。
She was given every encouragement to try something new.她得到充分的鼓励去尝试新事物。
10.teach (动词) 教
[用法讲解] teach的过去式为taught，过去分词为taught。
[常见搭配]
teach sb. sth. 教某人某事
teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事
teach a lesson 教训
teach oneself 自学
Eg: Jack often teaches me English. 杰克经常教我英语。
My brother usually teaches me to swim on weekend afternoons.我哥哥通常周末下午教我游泳。
The failure taught him a valuable lesson about perseverance.这次失败让他明白坚持的重要教训。
He taught himself how to program computers.他自学了如何编程电脑。
11.note (名词)笔记
[用法讲解] note作名词还可译为“便条、音符、纸币”等，其为可数名词，其复数形式为notes; note也可作动词，译为“注意、记录”等。
[常见搭配]
take notes 记笔记
make a note of sth.把某事记下来
leave a note 留一张便条
Eg: She often takes notes carefully in class.她经常在课堂上认真记笔记。
He left a note on the fridge saying he would be home late.他在冰箱上留了便条说他晚点回家。
The song started with a high note. 这首歌曲以高音开始。
He paid with a ten - pound note.他用十英镑付款。
Please note that the office will be closed on Friday. 请注意周五这个办公室将关闭。
I shall make a note of your statement. 我们将把你的发言记录下来。
12.during (介词)在...期间
[常见搭配]
during the time of ... 在这段时间里
during the period ...在...期间
Eg:She studied abroad during the time of graduation.她毕业这段时间里出国留学。
They had their vacation during the period June to August.在六月到八月期间他们在度假。
[易混辨析] during与in区别
during强调事件的延续性，常表示某个特定时间段内的持续动作或状态，常常与表示行为要持续一段时间的名词连用，如“meal、stay”等;
in为一般时间段，不强调时间的延续性。
Eg: Don't speak during the meal.吃饭期间不许说话。(食不言)
I'll be on holiday in August. 我八月份将去度假。
13.consider(动词)考虑、细想
[用法讲解] consider后面常接名词、代词、动名词或“how/what等+动词不定式”或宾语从句。
Eg: Do you consider that we can finish the project ahead of time 你认为我们能提前完成这个项目吗
He has never considered how to solve the problem. 他从考虑过如何解决这个问题。
[派生词] 其名词形式为consideration，译为“考虑”。
[常见搭配]
consider dong sth. 考虑做某事
consider sb./ sth as sth.把某人/某物视为某种身份或特质
take into consideration 在做决定时将某事纳入考虑范围
Eg: I'm considering changing my job.我正在考虑换工作。
She considers herself as a leader. 她把自己视作一个领导者。
We must take his experience into consideration.我们必须考虑到他的经验。
14.both(代词)两者、双方、两个都
[用法讲解] both作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
both作主语时，常与名词或代词连用;
Eg: Both Tom and Jerry are cartoon characters.汤姆和杰瑞都是卡通人物。
both作宾语时，常放在动词之后;
Eg:I like both pizza and pasta. 我喜欢披萨和意大利面。
both作定语时，可放在名词前，修饰复数名词，表示“两个都”;
Eg: I have a friend who is both a doctor and a lawyer.我有一个既是医生又是律师的朋友。
both作同位语时，放在be动词或行为动词之前。
Eg: They are both from Australia. 他们两人都是澳大利亚人。
[常见搭配]
both A and B 两者都
both of ....….两个
Eg: She can speak both English and French.她即会说英语也会说法语。
Both of them are not right. 两者都不是正确的。
15.sink(动词)下沉、沉没
[用法讲解] sink作动词时，译为“坐下、降低、挖掘”等;sink也可作名词，译为“水槽”;其过去式为sank，其过去分词为sunk。
Eg: The ship sank to the bottom of the sea.船沉入海底。
She sank back into her seat. 她又坐回椅子上。
The pound has sunk to its lowest recorded level against the dollar.
英镑比美元的比价降到了有史以来最低水平。
He sank a well in the field. 他在田野里挖了一口井。
Don't just leave your dirty plates in the sink.别把赃盘子往洗碗槽里一放就不管了。
[常见搭配]
sink in 渗透、理解
sink or swim 自救、自生自灭、成败完全靠自己
Eg: The news finally sank in. 消息终于渗透进来。
This time he'll sink or swim.这回对他将是成败在此一举了。
[派生词] sinkable为形容词，译为“可沉没的”;
sinking为形容词，译为“下沉的”;
Eg: The sinking of tanker has made aspects of marine pollution particularly topical.
邮轮的沉没使得海洋污染的方方面面都成为眼下大家尤为关注的热门话题。
16.as(介词)在某一年龄段时
[用法讲解] as作介词还可译为“作为、像”;
Eg: As a child, she was sent to six different schools.在孩童时，她杯送到6所不同学校。
As a teacher, she must look after every students.作为一名老师，她必须照顾每个学生。
as还可作副词，译为“同样地”;
Eg: It is as bright as daylight in the great hall. 大厅里亮得如同白昼。
as还可作连词，译为“当...时候”。
Eg: As darkness closed about them, they decided to return home.当夜幕降临时，他们决定回家。
[常见搭配]
as soon as... -...就...
as 形容词 as 像...一样
Eg: I will call you as soon as I arrive there.我一到那就给你打电话。
Math is as important as English. 数学像英语一样重要。
17.surfer (名词)冲浪者
[用法讲解] surfer为可数名词，其复数形式为surfers.
[派生词] surf为动词，译为“冲浪”。
Eg: The surfers were riding in towards the beach on the crests of the waves.
冲浪者们顺着浪头冲向岸边。
[常见搭配] surf the Internet上网冲浪
Eg: Surfing the Internet is fun, but it's also a time waster.上网很有意思，但也很浪费时间。
18.shark (名词)鲨鱼
[用法讲解] shark为可数名词，其复数形式为sharks.
Eg: I saw a shark in the aquarium. It was huge and scary.我在水族馆看到了一条鲨鱼。它又大有吓人。
19.attack(动词)袭击、殴打、破坏
[用法讲解] attack还可作名词，译为“攻击、进攻”。
Eg: The army attacked the town at dawn.军队在拂晓时向这座城发动攻击。
The article received a lot of criticism for its attack on the government.
这篇文章因对政府的攻击而收到很多批评。
[常见搭配]
attack on/ against sb./ sth. 对某人/事的攻击
attack by/ from sb./ sth.来自某人或某物的攻击
under attack 受到攻击
Eg: They launched a frontal attack on company directors.他们向公司董事发起了正面攻击。
She was attacked by a shark last week.上周她被一条鲨鱼攻击了。
The city was under attack by enemy forces for several days.这座城市被敌军攻击了好几天。
[派生词] attacker为名词，译为“攻击者”。
Eg: The police have so far failed to track down the attacker.警方至今未能追捕到攻击者。
20.nearly (副词) 几乎、差不多、将近
[派生词] near为形容词，译为“附近的”
Eg: Don't put that glass so near the edge of the table.不要把那只玻璃杯放在离桌子的边缘。
[用法讲解]
nearly在句中位于动词前，表示动作的近似完成;
Eg: She nearly missed the train.她差点错过了火车。
nearly在句中位于形容词前，表示程度的接近;
Eg: I was nearly asleep.我快睡着了。
nearly在句中位于名词前，表示数量的接近。
Eg: Nearly half of the population is under30 years old.近一半的人口在30岁一下。
[易混辨析] nearly和almost区别
nearly表示接近但未达到完成的程度;
Almost表示接近，但更强调接近完成的状态。
Eg: He very nearly died.他差点死了。
He almost cried. 他差点哭出来。
21.die(动词)死去、死亡
[常见搭配]
die from 死于(外部原因)
die of 死于(内部原因)
die for ... 为...而死
die out 灭绝
die away 逐渐消失
Eg: He died from a heart attack.他死于心脏病。
She died of cancer. 她死于癌症。
Many soldiers died for their country.许多士兵为国捐躯。
Many species are dying out due to habitat loss.许多物种因栖息地丧失而灭绝。
The sound of the waves died away as we waled further into the forest.
随着我们走进森林，海浪的声音逐渐消失了。
[易混辨析] die、dead、dying、death区别
die为动词，译为“死亡”;
dead为形容词，译为“已故的、死的”;
dying为形容词，译为“奄奄一息的”;
death为名词，译为“死亡”。
Eg: His father died last year.他的父亲去年去世了。
The cat is dead. 猫死了。
A dying man is lying on the street.一个奄奄一息的人躺在街上。
His mother's death was a great shock to him.他母亲的去世对他是一个巨大的打击。
22.competition (名词)比赛
[用法讲解] competition为可数名词，其复数形式为competitions;但当competition译为“竞争”时，为不可数名词。
Eg: There are usually some competitions on weekends.周末通常有一些比赛。
We are in competition with four other companies. 我们与其它四家公司竞争。
[常见搭配]
competition between/ with sb./sth.与某人/某物之间的竞争
competition for sth.为了某事的竞争
Eg: The competition for the new job was intense.对新工作的竞争非常激烈。
[派生词] competitor为名词，译为“竞争者”。
competitive为形容词，译为“竞争的”。
Eg: Over 200 competitors entered the race.200多名竞争者参加了比赛。
Some kinds of business are competitive.有些商业是要竞争的
pare(动词)相比较、可媲美
[常见搭配]
compare A with B 把A与B进行比较
compare A to B 把A比作B
compare to/ with ...与...相比
Eg: Parents shouldn't compare their children with others.
父母不应该把他们的孩子和其他孩子进行比较。
Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。
Compared with/ to him, I'm just a beginner.和他相比，我就是个初学者。
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Unit 2 Go for it! 单词解析（二）
1.none (代词)全无、没有一点
[易混辨析] none， no one和nothing的区别
no one表示“没有一个人”，只可用来指人，不能与of连用，回答who的问句;作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
none即可表示没有人，也可表示没有物，常与of连用，回答用how many/how much的问句。
nothing只可表示“没有物”，不可加of，回答 what的问句;作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Eg: -- Who is knocking at the door 谁在敲门 -- No one. 没有人。
No one knows the answer. 没有人知道答案。
None of us have been to Macao.我们没有一个人去过澳门。
I have nothing to say. 我没什么可说的。
2.member (名词)成员
[用法讲解] member为可数名词，其复数形式为members。
[常见搭配] a member of ...一名...的成员
Eg: He is a member of our school football.他事我们校足球队的一员。
3.moment (名词)某一时刻
[用法讲解] moment作名词，也可译为“片刻、时机”等。
[常见搭配]
at the moment 此刻、目前
for the moment 暂时
Wait a moment. 稍等一会。
Eg: They knew he enjoyed every moment.他们知道他享受着每一刻。
We are busy at the moment. 我们目前很忙。
She is out, so you may use her typewriter for the moment.她出去了，你可以暂时使用她的打字机。
4.if(连词)假若、要是、如果
[用法讲解] if为连词，译为“如果”，常常用来引 导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句为将来时，从句为一般现在时。
Eg: If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.如果明天下雨，我就呆在家里。
if也可以译为“是否”，用来引导宾语从句，时态随实际情况而定。
Eg: I don't know if it will rain tomorrow.我不知道明天是否下雨。
5.possible (形容词)可能的、可能做到的、可能实现的
[常见搭配]
as ... as possible尽可能
if possible 如果可能
It is possible to do sth.做某事是有可能的
[派生词] 反义词:impossible译为“不可能的”
副词形式为possibly，译为“可能地”
名词形式为possibility，译为“可能性”。
Eg: There are possible solutions to this problem. 这个问题可能有解决方案。
It is possible to finish the work in two days.两天内完成这项工作是有可能的。
He tries to run as fast as possible. 他尽可能快跑。
I need to see you, right away if possible.我要见你，如果可能，马上。
Don't ask me to do impossible things.别叫我作不可能的事。
I can't possibly tell you that! 我绝不会把那件事告诉你的!
There is a strong possibility that we'll lose the game.我们很有可能输掉比赛。
6.purpose (名词)目的、意图
[用法讲解] purpose在表示“目的、用途”等意时为可数名词;purpose在表示“意志、决心”时
为不可数名词。
[常见搭配]
the purpose of ... ...的目的
on purpose 故意(地);有意(地)
Eg: The purpose of this meeting is to discuss our future plans.这次会议的目的是讨论我们的未来计划。
He broke the vase on purpose.他故意打破了花瓶。
7.raise (动词)筹集、筹募
[用法讲解] raise作动词时，也可译为“举起、提高、抚养、提出”等意。
[常见搭配]
raise one's hand举手
raise money 筹集资金
Eg: Please raise your glass and toast to our success. 请举杯为我们的成功干杯。
We are trying to raise money for the animals in danger.我们正在为濒危动物筹集资金。
Please raise your hand if you have any questions. 如果你有任何问题请举手。
She was raised in a small town in the countryside. 她在乡下一个小镇长大。
He raised an important issue during the meeting. 他在会议上提出了一个重要问题。
[易混辨析] rise, arise与raise区别:
rise (动词)“上升”表示由低到高的变化过程，强调主语自身移向较高位置。
arise (动词)“起身”主语发出的动作，作用到其它事物。
raise (动词)“举起”表示把具体事物举到高处。
Eg: The sun rises.太阳升起来了。
He arises to greet her.他起身向她问候。
He raises his hand to answer questions.他举手回答问题。
8.charity (名词)慈善事业
[用法讲解] charity为可数名词，其复数形式为charities。
[派生词] 其形容词形式为charitable，译为“慷慨的、仁慈的”。
[常见搭配]
charity work 慈善工作
charity event 慈善活动
out of charity 出于仁慈
charity for the needy施舍穷人
charity to all men 博爱
Eg: Charity begins at home. 仁爱始于家。
The charity does a lot of good.这家慈善机构做了很多善事。
She likes to take part in the charitable activities.她喜欢参加慈善活动。
9.encourage (动词)鼓励、激励
[常见搭配] encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
[派生词] 其名词形式为encouragement，译为“鼓励”
Eg: I have always encouraged him.我一直鼓励他。
My parents always encourage me to follow my dreams.我的父母总是鼓励我追随自己的梦想。
She was given every encouragement to try something new.她得到充分的鼓励去尝试新事物。
10.teach (动词) 教
[用法讲解] teach的过去式为taught，过去分词为taught。
[常见搭配]
teach sb. sth. 教某人某事
teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事
teach a lesson 教训
teach oneself 自学
Eg: Jack often teaches me English. 杰克经常教我英语。
My brother usually teaches me to swim on weekend afternoons.我哥哥通常周末下午教我游泳。
The failure taught him a valuable lesson about perseverance.这次失败让他明白坚持的重要教训。
He taught himself how to program computers.他自学了如何编程电脑。
11.note (名词)笔记
[用法讲解] note作名词还可译为“便条、音符、纸币”等，其为可数名词，其复数形式为notes; note也可作动词，译为“注意、记录”等。
[常见搭配]
take notes 记笔记
make a note of sth.把某事记下来
leave a note 留一张便条
Eg: She often takes notes carefully in class.她经常在课堂上认真记笔记。
He left a note on the fridge saying he would be home late.他在冰箱上留了便条说他晚点回家。
The song started with a high note. 这首歌曲以高音开始。
He paid with a ten - pound note.他用十英镑付款。
Please note that the office will be closed on Friday. 请注意周五这个办公室将关闭。
I shall make a note of your statement. 我们将把你的发言记录下来。
12.during (介词)在...期间
[常见搭配]
during the time of ... 在这段时间里
during the period ...在...期间
Eg:She studied abroad during the time of graduation.她毕业这段时间里出国留学。
They had their vacation during the period June to August.在六月到八月期间他们在度假。
[易混辨析] during与in区别
during强调事件的延续性，常表示某个特定时间段内的持续动作或状态，常常与表示行为要持续一段时间的名词连用，如“meal、stay”等;
in为一般时间段，不强调时间的延续性。
Eg: Don't speak during the meal.吃饭期间不许说话。(食不言)
I'll be on holiday in August. 我八月份将去度假。
13.consider(动词)考虑、细想
[用法讲解] consider后面常接名词、代词、动名词或“how/what等+动词不定式”或宾语从句。
Eg: Do you consider that we can finish the project ahead of time 你认为我们能提前完成这个项目吗
He has never considered how to solve the problem. 他从考虑过如何解决这个问题。
[派生词] 其名词形式为consideration，译为“考虑”。
[常见搭配]
consider dong sth. 考虑做某事
consider sb./ sth as sth.把某人/某物视为某种身份或特质
take into consideration 在做决定时将某事纳入考虑范围
Eg: I'm considering changing my job.我正在考虑换工作。
She considers herself as a leader. 她把自己视作一个领导者。
We must take his experience into consideration.我们必须考虑到他的经验。
14.both(代词)两者、双方、两个都
[用法讲解] both作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
both作主语时，常与名词或代词连用;
Eg: Both Tom and Jerry are cartoon characters.汤姆和杰瑞都是卡通人物。
both作宾语时，常放在动词之后;
Eg:I like both pizza and pasta. 我喜欢披萨和意大利面。
both作定语时，可放在名词前，修饰复数名词，表示“两个都”;
Eg: I have a friend who is both a doctor and a lawyer.我有一个既是医生又是律师的朋友。
both作同位语时，放在be动词或行为动词之前。
Eg: They are both from Australia. 他们两人都是澳大利亚人。
[常见搭配]
both A and B 两者都
both of ....….两个
Eg: She can speak both English and French.她即会说英语也会说法语。
Both of them are not right. 两者都不是正确的。
15.sink(动词)下沉、沉没
[用法讲解] sink作动词时，译为“坐下、降低、挖掘”等;sink也可作名词，译为“水槽”;其过去式为sank，其过去分词为sunk。
Eg: The ship sank to the bottom of the sea.船沉入海底。
She sank back into her seat. 她又坐回椅子上。
The pound has sunk to its lowest recorded level against the dollar.
英镑比美元的比价降到了有史以来最低水平。
He sank a well in the field. 他在田野里挖了一口井。
Don't just leave your dirty plates in the sink.别把赃盘子往洗碗槽里一放就不管了。
[常见搭配]
sink in 渗透、理解
sink or swim 自救、自生自灭、成败完全靠自己
Eg: The news finally sank in. 消息终于渗透进来。
This time he'll sink or swim.这回对他将是成败在此一举了。
[派生词] sinkable为形容词，译为“可沉没的”;
sinking为形容词，译为“下沉的”;
Eg: The sinking of tanker has made aspects of marine pollution particularly topical.
邮轮的沉没使得海洋污染的方方面面都成为眼下大家尤为关注的热门话题。
16.as(介词)在某一年龄段时
[用法讲解] as作介词还可译为“作为、像”;
Eg: As a child, she was sent to six different schools.在孩童时，她杯送到6所不同学校。
As a teacher, she must look after every students.作为一名老师，她必须照顾每个学生。
as还可作副词，译为“同样地”;
Eg: It is as bright as daylight in the great hall. 大厅里亮得如同白昼。
as还可作连词，译为“当...时候”。
Eg: As darkness closed about them, they decided to return home.当夜幕降临时，他们决定回家。
[常见搭配]
as soon as... -...就...
as 形容词 as 像...一样
Eg: I will call you as soon as I arrive there.我一到那就给你打电话。
Math is as important as English. 数学像英语一样重要。
17.surfer (名词)冲浪者
[用法讲解] surfer为可数名词，其复数形式为surfers.
[派生词] surf为动词，译为“冲浪”。
Eg: The surfers were riding in towards the beach on the crests of the waves.
冲浪者们顺着浪头冲向岸边。
[常见搭配] surf the Internet上网冲浪
Eg: Surfing the Internet is fun, but it's also a time waster.上网很有意思，但也很浪费时间。
18.shark (名词)鲨鱼
[用法讲解] shark为可数名词，其复数形式为sharks.
Eg: I saw a shark in the aquarium. It was huge and scary.我在水族馆看到了一条鲨鱼。它又大有吓人。
19.attack(动词)袭击、殴打、破坏
[用法讲解] attack还可作名词，译为“攻击、进攻”。
Eg: The army attacked the town at dawn.军队在拂晓时向这座城发动攻击。
The article received a lot of criticism for its attack on the government.
这篇文章因对政府的攻击而收到很多批评。
[常见搭配]
attack on/ against sb./ sth. 对某人/事的攻击
attack by/ from sb./ sth.来自某人或某物的攻击
under attack 受到攻击
Eg: They launched a frontal attack on company directors.他们向公司董事发起了正面攻击。
She was attacked by a shark last week.上周她被一条鲨鱼攻击了。
The city was under attack by enemy forces for several days.这座城市被敌军攻击了好几天。
[派生词] attacker为名词，译为“攻击者”。
Eg: The police have so far failed to track down the attacker.警方至今未能追捕到攻击者。
20.nearly (副词) 几乎、差不多、将近
[派生词] near为形容词，译为“附近的”
Eg: Don't put that glass so near the edge of the table.不要把那只玻璃杯放在离桌子的边缘。
[用法讲解]
nearly在句中位于动词前，表示动作的近似完成;
Eg: She nearly missed the train.她差点错过了火车。
nearly在句中位于形容词前，表示程度的接近;
Eg: I was nearly asleep.我快睡着了。
nearly在句中位于名词前，表示数量的接近。
Eg: Nearly half of the population is under30 years old.近一半的人口在30岁一下。
[易混辨析] nearly和almost区别
nearly表示接近但未达到完成的程度;
Almost表示接近，但更强调接近完成的状态。
Eg: He very nearly died.他差点死了。
He almost cried. 他差点哭出来。
21.die(动词)死去、死亡
[常见搭配]
die from 死于(外部原因)
die of 死于(内部原因)
die for ... 为...而死
die out 灭绝
die away 逐渐消失
Eg: He died from a heart attack.他死于心脏病。
She died of cancer. 她死于癌症。
Many soldiers died for their country.许多士兵为国捐躯。
Many species are dying out due to habitat loss.许多物种因栖息地丧失而灭绝。
The sound of the waves died away as we waled further into the forest.
随着我们走进森林，海浪的声音逐渐消失了。
[易混辨析] die、dead、dying、death区别
die为动词，译为“死亡”;
dead为形容词，译为“已故的、死的”;
dying为形容词，译为“奄奄一息的”;
death为名词，译为“死亡”。
Eg: His father died last year.他的父亲去年去世了。
The cat is dead. 猫死了。
A dying man is lying on the street.一个奄奄一息的人躺在街上。
His mother's death was a great shock to him.他母亲的去世对他是一个巨大的打击。
22.competition (名词)比赛
[用法讲解] competition为可数名词，其复数形式为competitions;但当competition译为“竞争”时，为不可数名词。
Eg: There are usually some competitions on weekends.周末通常有一些比赛。
We are in competition with four other companies. 我们与其它四家公司竞争。
[常见搭配]
competition between/ with sb./sth.与某人/某物之间的竞争
competition for sth.为了某事的竞争
Eg: The competition for the new job was intense.对新工作的竞争非常激烈。
[派生词] competitor为名词，译为“竞争者”。
competitive为形容词，译为“竞争的”。
Eg: Over 200 competitors entered the race.200多名竞争者参加了比赛。
Some kinds of business are competitive.有些商业是要竞争的
pare(动词)相比较、可媲美
[常见搭配]
compare A with B 把A与B进行比较
compare A to B 把A比作B
compare to/ with ...与...相比
Eg: Parents shouldn't compare their children with others.
父母不应该把他们的孩子和其他孩子进行比较。
Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。
Compared with/ to him, I'm just a beginner.和他相比，我就是个初学者。
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