广东省深圳市2024-2025学年高二上学期英语期末试卷（含解析）
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| 名称 | 广东省深圳市2024-2025学年高二上学期英语期末试卷（含解析） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-01-18 11:06:50 | ||
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深圳 2024-2025 学年第一学期期末考试试题
科目：高二英语 考试时长：120 分钟 卷面总分：130 分
注意事项:
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。将条形码横贴在答题卡 右上角“条形码粘贴处 ”。
2. 作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用 2B 铅笔在答题卡上将对应题目选项的答案 信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案。答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区 域内相应位置上；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。
4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，留存试卷，交回答题卡。 第一部分 基础知识(共 20 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 20 分)
从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. You need to consider the before you make a decision on changing the schedule.
A. conclusion B. consequence C. evidence D. interaction
2. Our heartfelt goes out to the victims of the severe accident.
A. gratitude B. tendency C. adaptation D. sympathy
3. More Chinese classics have been adapted for movies or TV plays to make traditional Chinese culture to a wider range of people.
A. accessible B. native C. efficient D. accurate
4. I have been so with work that I haven’t had time for social activities.
A. considerate B. motivated C. equipped D. occupied
5. He regularly donates sums of money to local charities.
A. crucial B. available C. substantial D. varied
6. The past few decades have witnessed the number of sugar painters decreasing.
A. nobly B. urgently C. dramatically D. objectively
7. She applied for the job and received an invitation to interview.
A. originally B. instantly C. subsequently D. literally
8. As a teacher, she has a gift for her students to think critically and creatively.
A. tackling B. motivating C. expanding D. emphasizing
9. To avoid the wildlife, thirty-three passages have been built under the railway to allow the animals to move safely and freely in their natural habitat.
A. detecting B. deserving C. bursting D. disturbing
10. It is of great value to children to good books.
A. expose B. explore C. explode D. expand
11. He had her homework , so she can join us for dinner.
A. finish B. finished C. is finished D. has finished
12. The silence in the room gave rise to a curious situation we were all at a loss what to do next.
A. which B. where C. that D. why
13. All the newly published albums were so popular that they by the time he got to the music store.
A. have been sold out B. will be sold out
C. had been sold out D. will have been sold out
14. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
A. is regarded B. regard C. are regarded D. regards
15. Practising Tai Chi can make our body more flexible, in turn can ease joint pain and help to protect us from injury.
A. that B. what C. it D. which
16. Technology makes possible that millions more people have been able to experience a
digital version of the world-famous painting.
A. it B. this C. that D. on
17. difficulties we may come across, we’ll work together to overcome them.
A. However B. Wherever C. Whatever D. Whenever
18. is known to all that the outstanding academic atmosphere draws many students to our
school.
A. It B. Which C. As D. What
19. I have been working in this company I graduated from university.
A. when B. since C. before D. while
20.A man in a black coast was caught .
A. stole B. stolen C. to steal D. stealing
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节, 满分 50 分)
第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分, 满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Summer is finally in the air, but that doesn’t mean you can’t still stay in and have a great movie night. Whether you’re looking for something deep and thought-provoking or light for the whole family, there are many incredible films on Netflix.
The Matrix (1999)
IMDb (Internet Movie Database): 8.7/10 | Runtime: 136 minutes
The Matrix is a science fiction film that stars Keanu Reeves as a hacker who discovers the world he lives in is an illusion crafted by malevolent Artificial Intelligence. The movie presents the very best in technical filmmaking, winning four Oscars. With thrilling action and a complex story, it’s a must-see.
American Symphony (2023)
IMDb: 7.9/10 | Runtime: 104 minutes
Even if you just watch the trailer for American Symphony, you will be in tears. The documentary tells the story of Grammy winner Jon Batiste and his wife, Suleika Jaouad. It’s a beautiful tale of love and resilience, with Variety Magazine calling it “one of the best love stories seen on film.”
Nyad (2023)
IMDb: 7.1/10 | Runtime: 121 minutes
As expected from most sports dramas and biopics, Nyad shares a story of perseverance, the triumphs of determination, and a message of hope. It engages the audience with its solid foundation while entertaining through grounded drama based on reality instead of relying on cheap cliches (陈词滥调).
Society of the Snow (2023)
IMDb: 7.7/10 | Runtime: 144 minutes
In 1972, a Uruguayan flight crashed on the way to Chile, and the survivors of the wreck had to work together to survive in the society of the Snow. With a budget of 60 million euros, the film is the most expensive Spanish film ever made.
21. For those who value online scoring, which film would be their top choice
A. The Matrix. B. American Symphony.
C. Nyad. D. Society of the Snow.
22. What do the last three films have in common
A. They are high-budget films.
B. They are based on true stories.
C. They have the duration within two hours.
D. They have been successful at the box office.
23. Who is the text intended for
A. Film critics. B. Filmmakers.
C. Movie-goers. D. Cinema staff.
B
When people ask about my experience of learning Cantonese, I recount a journey driven by unending curiosity and a strong desire to connect with a dynamic culture.
Growing up in a Russian family, my fascination with languages grew thanks to my father, a language expert. It’s during a cultural appreciation class in junior high that I was first introduced to the world of Hong Kong films, famous for their characteristic action-packed dramas and storytelling styles. However, what really amazed me was the uniqueness of the language, Cantonese, which sparked an urgent need within me to explore it and the rich culture behind. This marked the beginning of a thrilling linguistic journey.
Learning Cantonese posed challenges, such as unfamiliar characters, complex tones, and different grammar structures, yetI persevered. Immersed in textbooks and available online courses, I practiced the tones every day until my pronunciation flowed naturally. Cantonese dramas and music also played a role in familiarizing me with its rhythm.
To truly grasp the essence of Cantonese, I knew that studying alone wasn’t enough — I needed firsthand experience. So, I took a gap year to pack my bags for Hong Kong, a city featuring the lively heartbeat of Cantonese culture. Buried in its busy streets and daily conversations, from casual chats to food ordering, I found myself enveloped in a linguistic wonderland. Within a few months, my Cantonese proficiency flourished, fueling a surge of confidence.
My explorations extended beyond the streets. I enrolled in formal language classes that offered professional guidance. Through hard work, I successfully completed all the courses in Cantonese Linguistics. From then on, I’ve been passionately committed to spreading the Cantonese culture, ensuring its richness reaches a wider audience.
Today, I continue my Cantonese voyage with unflagging enthusiasm. It has transformed into more than just a linguistic pursuit; it grants me a passport to sincere connections, profound insights, and heartfelt admiration for its one-of-a-kind culture.
24. What motivated the author to starthis linguistic journey
A. His father’s intentional arrangement.
B. His teacher’s positive encouragement.
C. His strong interest in Chinese movies.
D. His great passion for cultural exploration.
25. Why did the author head to Hong Kong during the gap year
A. To participate in a language workshop.
B. To take a bite of the diverse local food.
C. To fully comprehend the spirit of Cantonese.
D. To stay well informed about studying abroad.
26. Which best describes the author’s learning process of Cantonese
A. Demanding but strategic. B. Effortless and enjoyable.
C. Challenging but creative. D. Adventurous and eventful.
27. What message does the text mainly convey A. Education is the passport to the future.
B. Language is the road map of a culture.
C. Opportunity favors the prepared mind.
D. Success belongs to those with curiosity.
C
Last winter I enjoyed a brief adventure in Guatemala. Over a period of 12 days, I explored through the jungle to watch the sunrise and danced in the street during the holiday parade. But looking back on that trip, what I remember most vividly is a New Year’s Eve in Guatemala City, at a lifeless hotel. Rather than a countdown to midnight, I counted down the hours until my departure. Nothing special happened during that night. Rather, the big role this hotel plays in my memories can be explained by a psychological principle called the recency effect. “The recency effect helps to account for our tendency to remember the ending part of a sequence of events with far more clarity than the rest,” said Dr. Mary Poffenroth,a biopsychologist.
She says it arises from our short-term memory’s inability to hold on to more than a small amount of information at once. So while there is no magic formula to create lovely travel memories, employing the recency effect can turn a good trip into an unforgettable one.
Dr. Stephanie, a Neuroscientist, says that while you can strategically set off the recency effect at a trip’s end, you may have multiple opportunities to create lasting memories all along the way by breaking it up into smaller chunks.
Keep in mind that the recency effect can also backfire. “Ending an amazing trip with stressful flight delays, lost luggage or feeling unwell might be enough to overshadow the entire experience,resulting in remembering the trip as awful instead of joyful,” Stephanie said.
To avoid disproportionately (不成比例地) spotlighting the final days, Poffenroth has created a trick: She amplifies (增强) earlier days in a trip to keep her memories well-rounded. “I collect
little bits that will remind me of that day: a subway ticket, a seashell, a cardboard drink with a pub’s logo on it.” Then, as she is packing on the last day, “I go through all my little found treasures and spend a few moments recalling each one,” she said. “This gives me a sense of closure for that chapter of travel and makes the experience memorable.”
28. How did the author feel about the New Year’s Eve in Guatemala City
A. It was boring. B. It was eventful.
C. It was relaxing. D. It was cheerful. 29. What do we know about the recency effect from paragraph 2
A. It is based on a psychological principle.
B. It highlights the final part of a series of events.
C. It is widely used to create lovely memories.
D. It makes up for the inability of short-term memory.
30. What does the underlined word “backfire” mean in paragraph 4
A. Be avoided to some extent. B. Be applied extensively.
C. Produce undesirable consequences. D. Pose unexpected challenges.
31. According to Poffenroth, which of the following may help travelers have good memories
A. Share travel experiences.
B. Recall the final days of a journey.
C. Purchase as many souvenirs as possible. D. Purposely gather reminders of a journey.
D
A new UK-based study on the effects of artificial light on local insect populations found that light pollution from street lamps disturbs insect behavior, leading to an overall loss of insects.
“We found that street lighting strongly reduced moth (飞蛾) population compared with unlit sites... and affected moth development,” the study stated.
The study’s results apply to a localized level and cannot be used to determine whether national-level populations are declining due to light pollution. However, it adds further weight to existing research on how light pollution affects ecosystems and biodiversity hotspots and highlights the need to shift to alternatives in artificial light that would tone down these effects.
The effects on insect populations are wide-ranging. More specifically, artificial light affects how moths lay their eggs and puts them at a higher risk of being spotted by predators (捕食性动物). It also affects moths’ feeding behavior, which subsequently leads to declines in their population too. Light pollution thus joins a host of factors, such as climate change and deforestation, as one of the determinants of insect population decline.
While previous studies examined the effects of lighting on bats and other vertebrates, this study focused on their prey—creatures lower down in the food chain—and, as a result, complementing (补充) previous studies. Therefore, the study is concerning because it suggests an alarming loss of insects caused by artificial light, which will have far-reaching consequences for all the wildlife and ecosystems that depend on them.
Moreover, white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were found to have the worst impact on local insects and ecosystem processes. The researchers thus call for shifting away from white LEDs or employing processes such as motion sensors to make the lights less bright and changing colors and filters to avoid the negative impacts. If the findings of the study are anything to go by, local insect ecosystems will suffer considerable consequences—which will, in turn, affect the wildlife that depends on them and, ultimately, could perhaps even upset agricultural balances.
32. What can we learn about the new study
A. It is conducted on a local basis.
B. It highlights the value of artificial light.
C. It focuses on the preservation of insects. D. It matters more than the existing research.
33. What effect does artificial light have on moths
A. It may lead to their extinction. B. It prevents them from feeding. C. It may put them in danger.
D. It disables them from laying eggs.
34. What do the researchers advise us to do with the LEDs
A. To shift to green alternatives.
B. To avoid adopting white-light LEDs. C. To adopt brighter colors and filters.
D. To replace them with motion sensors.
35. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Artificial Light and Wildlife Protection
B. Light Pollution and the Endangered Species
C. Artificial Light Has Negative Effects on Agriculture
D. Light Pollution from Street Lights Could Drive Insect Loss
第二节 (共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分, 满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多 余选项。
Is there anyone who couldn’t spend a little less time on their phone A digital detox (戒毒) maybe just what you need. 36 When people hear the word detox, they may think it’s a strict all-or-nothing thing, but it doesn’t have to be that extreme. Here are some ideas to get you started.
It’s one thing to say you’re going to get rid of your phone on your next vacation, but it’s quite another thing to actually do it. 37 Once you get used to small blocks of time without it, it will be easier and easier to forget how much you relied on it.
If you’re in a situation where you can’t drop your phone, limit the time to use technology during the moments you absolutely have to use it. For example, spend a morning in bed on a Saturday to catch up on social media and then rely less on your phone the rest of the day. 38
Not to sound too much like a lecturing mom, but mealtimes should be quality time with your dining companions in real life. Quick- response (QR) codes for menus at restaurants can be a little annoying too, since you’re dining out with friends to spend time with them, not get absorbed in your phone. 39 If you have to use your phone to order dinner, put it back in your purse as soon as you can.
40 Where you sleep, for example, should be a restful place, not a place to get worked up over social media posts. Start your digital detox by taking the television out of the room, and definitely keep your phone elsewhere while you sleep.
A. You are not alone as a digital addict
B. Ask for a paper menu whenever possible
C. Specify some areas of your home as tech-free D. Try setting aside your phone for an afternoon
E. It is a planned and mindful break from digital technology
F. You just might find that you now have time for a new hobby G. Taking breaks from social media guarantees you a good sleep
第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分 30 分)
第一节(共 15 小题； 每小题 1 分, 满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Almost every kid has eaten a Hershey chocolate bar. But do you know the founder of the chocolate empire, Milton Hershey
In 1872, at age 14, Milton took a 41 at Royer’s Ice Cream Parlor in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. At 19, he started his first company in Philadelphia, selling taffy. He loved to 42 with candy recipes
and soon came up with a soft, chewy caramel (焦糖) that turned out to be a big 43 . Things went well for the company for a while, but Milton gradually found it hard to deal with 44 competition. In the year he turned 24, his company collapsed.
45 , Hershey tried again in Denver, Chicago, and New York. However, his businesses in these cities all 46 bankruptcy (破产) . If 47 is the best teacher, young Milton Hershey could argue that he had earned a 48 .
Some people in the same situation might have 49 . Not Milton Hershey. He went back to Lancaster and 50 a new enterprise—the Lancaster Caramel Company. This time, Milton got it right. Having learned much from his earlier mistakes, Milton and his new company 51 quickly. At the 1893 Columbian Exposition, he discovered chocolate-making equipment, 52 him to purchase a full set and shift focus to chocolate. In 1894, he opened his first chocolate factory in Derry Church, which was 53 and has been known as Hershey ever since.
He was to 54 what Henry Ford was to automobiles and Steve Jobs was to computers. He 55 a luxury for the few into a treat for the masses.
41.A. chance B.job C. break D. look
42.A. experiment B. compare C. stick D. encounter
43.A. consequence B. mistake C. hit D. reward
44.A. fair B. academic C. exciting D. growing
45.A. Astonished B. Alarmed C. Unaffected D. Hesitant
46.A. gave rise to B. recovered from C. dealt with D. ended up in
47.A. failure B. life C. time D. reflection
48.A. reputation B. living C. fortune D. degree
49.A. quit B. recovered C. won D. insisted
50.A. expanded B. combined C. launched D. found
51.A. crashed B. advanced C. separated D. globalized
52.A. qualifying B. signaling C. inspiring D. appointing
53.A. defined B. described C. ceased D. renamed
54.A. enterprises B. chocolates C. circumstance D. recipes
55.A. transformed B. divided C. integrated D. introduced
第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分, 满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hanfu, the traditional clothing of the Han ethnic group, is a splendid symbol of Chinese culture. 56 a history stretching back thousands of years, it has witnessed the development and prosperity of the nation.
Hanfu, the designs of which are 57 (remarkable) diverse, typically consists of a yi (upper garment) and a chang (lower skirt or trousers). The sleeves can be wide and flowing, adding 58 elegant touch. The designs, 59 (characterize) by flowing lines and bright colors, reflect the wearers ’ social status and personal tastes. There are beautiful patterns on Hanfu, such as flowers and animals, which are thought 60 (bring) good luck in our traditions.
Hanfu disappeared at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). Nowadays, it 61 (wear) infrequently as most of the Han Chinese wear western-style clothing.
In recent years, a 62 (grow) number of young people have embraced Hanfu, wearing it for special occasions, festivals, and even in daily life. Many universities in China have a Hanfu Society, 63 members wear Hanfu to celebrate traditional Chinese festivals. This comeback of Hanfu not only highlights the lasting appeal of traditional Chinese fashion 64 promotes a deeper understanding and appreciation of China’s rich history and cultural 65 (diverse).
第四部分 词汇基础 (共 10 小题；每小题 1 分,满分 10 分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
66. There is (convince) evidence of a link between balanced diets with good health.
67. The company’s innovative products are (influence) in nature, shaping industry trends. 68. Everyone knows that success (rare) happens overnight. Just as the saying goes, “Rome was not built in a day.”
69. (prefer) tends to be given to candidates who exhibit outstanding leadership in the
science of astronomy.
70. With the ______ (intend) of stimulating students ’ love of reading and cultivate their reading habits, the contest themed “Read for the Future” was launched in our school.
71. Tanghulu, also known as bingtang hulu, is a traditional Chinese snack ______ (consist) of hardened sugarcoated fruits on a stick.
72. (conclude), despite the challenges, we should be optimistic about the future.
73. By not wearing a seatbelt, you are putting yourself risk of serious injuries in a car accident.
74. reflection, she decided to accept the job.
75. The new design of the website allows users to find the information they need at glance.
第五部分 应用文写作(满分 20 分)
76. 假定你是李华，你的英国好友 Jim 来邮件告知他被国际野生动物保护协会(WCS)录用为 暑期项目的志愿者。请你给他回复一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 表示祝贺；
2. 肯定他的努力；
3. 索取项目信息。
注意：1.词数 120 左右；
2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
参考词汇: WCS: Wildlife Conservation Society Dear Jim,
Yours, Li Hua
深圳高中2024-2025学年第一学期期末考试
高二英语答案
一、基础知识
BDADC 6-10 CCBDA 11-15 BBCAD 16-20 ACABD
二、阅读理解
A篇：21-23 ABC
B篇：24-27 DCAB
C篇：28-31 ABCD
D篇：32-35 ACBD
七选五：36-40 EDFBC
三、语言运用
完形填空: 41-45 BACDC 46-50 DADAC 51-55 BCDBA
语法填空
56. With 57. remarkably 58. an 59. characterized 60. to bring
61. is worn 62. growing 63. whose 64. but 65. diversity
四、词汇基础
66. convincing 67. influential 68. rarely 69. Preference 70. intention
71. consisting 72. To conclude 73. at 74. On 75. a
五、书面表达
Dear Jim,
Good news travels fast! I am absolutely exhilarated to hear that you are admitted to be a volunteer of Wildlife Conservation Society and I am writing to extend my heartfelt congratulations.
Your relentless efforts to learn about wildlife species have truly paid off. And I have witnessed the immense dedication you put into your preparations, staying up late to revise your application form and practice the interview. It is your profound affection to the animals, coupled with these efforts you have made, that has set you apart.
I am also enthusiastic about wildlife protection. So would it be convenient for you to keep me informed of/furnish me with the basic information of this organization and the way to apply for it Congratulations on your amazing opportunity again!
Yours,
Li Hua
部分题目详解：
阅读A篇：
21. A 22. B 23. C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章为读者推荐了四部在Netflix上可以观看的电影，包括科幻片、纪录片、体育剧情片和历史剧情片，旨在为不同口味的观众提供选择。
【21题详解】细节理解题。根据The Matrix (1999)下“IMDb (Internet Movie Database): 8.7/10 | Runtime: 136 minutes (IMDb（互联网电影数据库）：8.7/10 | 时长：136分钟)”可知，《黑客帝国》在IMDb上的评分是8.7/10，是这几部电影中评分最高的，所以对于重视在线评分的人来说，《黑客帝国》是他们的首选。故选A项。
【22题详解】细节理解题。根据American Symphony (2023)下“The documentary (纪录片) tells the story of Grammy winner Jon Batiste and his wife, Suleika Jaouad. It’s a beautiful tale of love and resilience, with Variety Magazine calling it “one of the best love stories seen on film.”(这部纪录片讲述了格莱美奖得主Jon Batiste和他的妻子Suleika Jaouad的故事。这是一个关于爱和韧性的美丽故事，Variety杂志称它为“电影上看到的最好的爱情故事之一。”)”可知，American Symphony是一部纪录片，讲述了一个真实的故事；根据Nyad (2023)下“As expected from most sports dramas and biopics, Nyad shares a story of perseverance, the triumphs of determination, and a message of hope. (正如大多数体育剧和传记片所预期的那样，Nyad分享了一个关于毅力、决心的胜利和希望的信息。)”可知，Nyad也是一部基于真实故事改编的电影；根据Society of the Snow (2023)下“In 1972, a Uruguayan flight crashed on the way to Chile, and the survivors of the wreck had to work together to survive in the of the Snow.(1972年，一架乌拉圭航班在飞往智利途中坠毁，幸存者不得不共同努力在雪地中生存。)”可知，Society of the Snow也是根据真实事件改编的电影。由此可以推知，这三部电影的共同点是它们都是基于真实故事改编的。故选B项。
【23题详解】推理判断题。根据原文第一段“Summer is finally in the air, but that doesn't mean you can't still stay in and have a great movie night. Whether you're looking for something deep and thought-provoking or light for the whole family, there are many incredible films on Netflix.(夏天终于来了，但这并不意味着你还不能呆在家里度过一个美好的电影之夜。无论你是在寻找一些深刻的、发人深省的东西，还是适合全家人观看的轻松电影，Netflix上都有许多令人难以置信的电影。)”可知，本文主要介绍了几部值得在家观看的电影，因此这篇文章主要是面向电影观众的。故选C项。
阅读B篇：
24. D 25. C 26. A 27. B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者学习粤语的经历，这是一段充满好奇心和强烈渴望融入充满活力的文化的旅程，粤语的独特性激发了作者探索这门语言及其背后丰富文化的渴望，他采用了各种方法来学习粤语，还前往香港让自己沉浸在粤语的语言环境中，如今他依旧饱有热情地探索着粤语及其文化。
【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, what really amazed me was the uniqueness of the language, Cantonese, which sparked a urgent need within me to explore it and the rich culture behind. This marked the beginning of a thrilling linguistic journey. (然而，真正让我惊讶的是粤语的独特性，这激发了我对探索它及其背后丰富文化的迫切需求。这标志着一段激动人心的语言之旅的开始)”可知，促使作者开始他的语言之旅的是他对粤语文化探索的极大热情。故选D项。
25题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“To truly grasp the essence of Cantonese, I knew that studying alone wasn’t enough — I needed firsthand experience. So, I took a gap year to pack my bags for Hong Kong, a city featuring the lively heartbeat of Cantonese culture. (要真正掌握粤语的精髓，我知道光靠学习是不够的，我需要亲身体验。因此，我花了一年的时间收拾行李，前往香港，一个以粤语文化的活力中心为特色的城市)”可知，作者在间隔年期间前往香港是为了充分体会粤语的精髓。故选C项。
【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Learning Cantonese posed challenges, such as unfamiliar characters, complex tones, and different grammar structures, yet I persevered. (学习粤语有很多挑战，比如不熟悉的汉字、复杂的声调和不同的语法结构，但我坚持了下来)”可知，作者学习粤语的过程中面临很多挑战，因此这个过程是费力的。再结合第三段中“Immersed in textbooks and available online courses, I practiced the tones every day until my pronunciation flowed naturally. Cantonese dramas and music also played a role in familiarizing me with its rhythm. (沉浸在课本和在线课程中，我每天练习音调，直到我的发音自然流畅。粤语剧和音乐也让我熟悉了粤语的节奏)”、第四段中“Buried in its busy streets and daily conversations, from casual chats to food ordering, I found myself enveloped in a linguistic wonderland. (沉浸在繁忙的街道和日常对话中，从闲聊到点餐，我发现自己被笼罩在一个语言仙境中)”和第五段中“My explorations extended beyond the streets. I enrolled in formal language classes that offered professional guidance. (我的探索超越了街道。我参加了提供专业指导的正式语言课程)”可知，作者通过各种手段和媒介来学习粤语，包括课本、在线课程、影视剧、音乐、真实的语言环境、正式的语言课程，因此这个过程也是有策略的。故选A项。
【27题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“It has transformed into more than just a linguistic pursuit; it grants me a passport to sincere connections, profound insights, and heartfelt admiration for its one-of-a-kind culture. (它已经不仅仅是一种语言追求；它给了我真诚的联系、深刻的见解和对其独特文化的由衷钦佩的通行证)”可知，文章主要围绕作者学习粤语的经历展开，粤语的独特性激发了作者探索这门语言及其背后丰富文化的渴望，他采用了各种方法来学习粤语，还前往香港让自己沉浸在粤语的语言环境中，如今他依旧饱有热情地探索着粤语及其文化，这段旅程充满好奇心和融入充满活力的文化的强烈渴望。由此可知，语言和文化贯穿了作者的这份经历，文章主要想表达语言是一种文化的路线图，帮助作者了解其背后的文化。故选B项。
阅读C篇：
28. A 29. B 30. C 31. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了心理学中的近因效应原理，即人们倾向于更清晰地记住事件序列的结尾部分。作者通过自己的旅行经历，说明了运用近因效应可以让旅行变得更加难忘。
【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“But looking back on that trip, what I remember most vividly is a New Year's Eve in Guatemala City, at a lifeless hotel. Rather than a countdown to midnight, I counted down the hours until my departure.( 但回想起那次旅行，我印象最深刻的是在危地马拉城的一个新年前夜，在一家毫无生气的酒店里。我没有倒数午夜，而是倒数出发前的几个小时。)” 可知，作者对危地马拉城的那个新年夜感到无聊，因为他在倒数离开的时间而不是新年的到来。故选A。
【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“The recency effect helps to account for our tendency to remember the ending part of a sequence of events with far more clarity than the rest,(近因效应有助于解释为什么我们倾向于比其他部分更清楚地记住一系列事件的结束部分，)”，这句话说明近因效应强调了事件序列结尾部分的记忆清晰度高于其他部分。B选项“It highlights the final part of a series of events.(它突出了一系列事件的最后一部分。)”符合题意。故选B。
【30题详解】词义猜测题。根据第四段中划线词后面的内容“Ending an amazing trip with stressful flight delays, lost luggage or feeling unwell might be enough to overshadow the entire experience, resulting in remembering the trip as awful instead of joyful(以紧张的航班延误、行李丢失或感觉不适来结束一次美妙的旅行，可能足以给整个经历蒙上阴影，导致你对旅行的记忆是糟糕的，而不是快乐的。)”可知，如果旅行以令人紧张的航班延误、行李丢失或身体不适等不愉快的事情结束，可能会使整个旅行体验变得糟糕，从而记住的是糟糕的旅行而不是愉快的旅行。因此，此处强调首因效应有时候会产生不良的后果。故划线词“backfire”在这里的意思是“产生不良后果”，C选项“Produce undesirable consequences.(产生不良后果。)”与其为近义词。故选C。
【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Then, as she is packing on the last day, “I go through all my little found treasures and spend a few moments recalling each one, ” she said. “This gives me a sense of closure for that chapter of travel and makes the experience memorable. ”(然后，在最后一天收拾行李的时候，她说：“我会浏览我所有的小宝贝，花点时间回忆每一件。”“这给了我一种结束旅行的感觉，让我的经历变得难忘。”)”可知，Poffenroth认为故意收集旅行的纪念品，花时间浏览自己的旅游纪念品，能够让作者的经历变得难忘即可以帮助旅行者拥有良好的记忆。因此，选项D“Purposely gather reminders of a journey.(故意收集旅行的纪念品)”有助于游客们拥有美好的旅游记忆。故选D。
阅读D篇:
32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D
【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了英国开展的一项研究：研究发现晚上街灯造成的光污染对昆虫的数量有影响。
【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“The study’s results apply to a localized level(研究结果适用于局部水平)”可知，此研究是在某一区域范围内开展的。故选A。
【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“artificial light affects how moths lay their eggs and puts them at a higher risk of being spotted by predators(捕食性动物) (人造光会影响飞蛾产卵的方式，使它们更容易被捕食者发现)”可知，人造光会使得飞蛾处于更容易被捕食者发现的危险中。故选C。
【34题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“The researchers thus call for shifting away from white LEDs or employing processes such as motion sensors to make the lights less bright and changing colors and filters to avoid the negative impacts. (因此，研究人员呼吁远离白色LED，或采用运动传感器等工艺来降低灯光亮度，并改变颜色和滤镜以避免负面影响。)”可知，研究者建议避免使用发白光的LED灯。故选B。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new UK-based study on the effects of artificial light on local insect populations found that light pollution from street lamps disturbs insect behavior, leading to an overall loss of insects. (一项基于英国的关于人造光对当地昆虫种群影响的新研究发现，路灯的光污染会干扰昆虫的行为，导致昆虫的全面损失。)”可知，文章的主要内容是路灯的光污染可能导致昆虫死亡。故选D。
七选五:
36. E 37. D 38. F 39. B 40. C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了数字排毒（digital detox）的概念，即计划性地、有意识地远离数字技术，并提供了一些实践数字排毒的建议。
【36题详解】根据前文 “Is there anyone who couldn’t spend a little less time on their phone A digital detox (戒毒) may be just what you need.(有人不能少花一点时间在手机上吗？也许你需要的正是“数码戒毒”)”可知，E项“It is a planned and mindful break from digital technology.(这是一次有计划的、有意识的与数字技术的分离)”是对前文“数码戒毒”的解释，符合文意。故选E项。
【37题详解】根据前文“It’s one thing to say you’re going to get rid of your phone on your next vacation, but it’s quite another thing to actually do it.(说你要在下次度假时扔掉手机是一回事，但真正做到这一点又是另一回事)”以及后文“Once you get used to small blocks of time without it, it will be easier and easier to forget how much you relied on it.(一旦你习惯了一小段时间没有它，你就会越来越容易忘记你是多么依赖它)”可知，本段主要讲述，真的做到去放下手机，所以D项“Try setting aside your phone for an afternoon.(试着把手机拿开一下午)”符合本段主题。故选D项。
【38题详解】设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“If you’re in a situation where you can’t drop your phone, limit the time to use technology during the moments you absolutely have to use it. For example, spend a morning in bed on a Saturday to catch up on social media and then rely less on your phone the rest of the day.(如果你处于不能放下手机的情况下，那就在你必须使用科技产品的时候限制使用它的时间。例如，周六早上在床上刷社交媒体，然后在一天的剩余时间里减少对手机的依赖)”可知，F项“You just might find that you now have time for a new hobby.(你可能会发现你现在有时间培养一个新的爱好)”是对前文的总结，限制使用科技产品的时间，然后会发现你现在有时间培养一个新的爱好。故选F项。
【39题详解】根据前文“Quick- response (QR) codes for menus at restaurants can be a little annoying too, since you’ re dining out with friends to spend time with them, not get absorbed in your phone.(餐厅菜单上的快速响应代码也有点烦人，因为你和朋友出去吃饭是为了和他们共度时光，而不是全神贯注于你的手机)”以及后文“If you have to use your phone to order dinner, put it back in your purse as soon as you can.(如果你不得不用手机点餐，尽快把它放回钱包里)”可知，此处是在讲述餐馆就餐时，尽量不用手机，所以B项“Ask for a paper menu whenever possible.(尽可能要一份纸质菜单)”符合此处主题，承接上文，引出下文。故选B项。
【40题详解】设空位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“Where you sleep, for example, should be a restful place, not a place to get worked up over social media posts. Start your digital detox by taking the television out of the room, and definitely keep your phone elsewhere while you sleep.(例如，你睡觉的地方应该是一个安静的地方，而不是一个因为社交媒体帖子而生气的地方。从把电视从房间里拿出来开始戒掉数码产品吧，睡觉的时候一定要把手机放在别的地方)”可知，本段主要讲述了让家里一个地方尽量没有电子产品，所以C项“Specify some areas of your home as tech-free.(指定你家里的一些区域为无科技)”符合本段主题，为本段中心句。故选C项。
完形填空：
41. B 42. A 43. C 44. D 45. C 46. D 47. A 48. D 49. A 50. C 51. B 52. C 53. D 54. B 55. A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了好时巧克力的创始人Milton Hershey是如何建立自己的巧克力品牌，把少数人的奢侈品变成了大众的享受的商品。
【41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：1872年，14岁的弥尔顿在宾夕法尼亚州兰开斯特的罗耶冰淇淋店找到了一份工作。A. chance机会；B. job工作；C. break间歇，小憩；D. look看。根据后文“at Royer’s Ice Cream Parlor in Lancaster, Pennsylvania”以及下文提到他19岁创业，说明第一份工作是在冰淇淋店铺。故选B。
【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他喜欢尝试糖果的配方，很快就想出了一种柔软、有嚼劲的焦糖，结果大受欢迎。A. experiment进行实验，尝试；B. compare比较；C. stick坚持；D. part分开。根据后文“with candy recipes and soon came up with a soft, chewy caramel”可知，他喜欢尝试糖果的配方，很快就想出了一种柔软、有嚼劲的焦糖，故选A。
【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他喜欢尝试糖果的配方，很快就想出了一种柔软、有嚼劲的焦糖，结果大受欢迎。A. consequence结果；B. mistake错误；C. hit成功的事物，打击；D. reward奖励。根据后文“Things went well for the company for a while”可知，这种糖果取得了成功，短语be a big hit表示“大受欢迎”。故选C。
【44题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一段时间，公司发展得很顺利，但弥尔顿逐渐发现难以应对日益激烈的竞争。A. fair公平的；B. academic学术的；C. exciting令人兴奋的；D. growing增加的，生长的。根据上文“but Milton gradually found it hard to deal with”中but表示转折，说明弥尔顿逐渐发现难以应对日益激烈的竞争。故选D。
【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：赫尔歇未受影响，在丹佛、芝加哥和纽约再次尝试。A. Astonished震惊的；B. Alarmed担忧的；C. Unaffected不受影响的；D. Hesitant犹豫的。根据上文“In the year he turned 24, his company collapsed.(在他24岁那年，他的公司倒闭了)”以及后文“Hershey tried again in Denver, Chicago, and New York.”指赫尔歇没有受到公司倒闭的影响，故选C。
【46题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，他在这些城市的生意都以破产告终。A. gave rise to引起；B. recovered from恢复；C. dealt with处理；D. ended up in结束。根据后文“bankruptcy”指生意以破产告终。故选D。
【47题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果失败是最好的老师，那么年轻的米尔顿·赫尔希可以说他已经获得了一个学位。A. failure失败；B. life生活；C. time时间；D. reflection反思。根据上文bankruptcy可知，公司都破产了，所以是失败是最好的老师，故选A。
【48题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果失败是最好的老师，那么年轻的米尔顿·赫尔希可以说他已经获得了一个学位。A. reputation名誉；B. living生活方式；C. fortune运气；D. degree程度。与上文“the best teacher”对应，米尔顿·赫尔希可以说他已经获得了一个学位。故选D。
【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人在同样的情况下可能会放弃。A. quit放弃；B. recovered恢复；C. won赢得；D. insisted坚持。根据上文可知，不断遭受失败，有些人在同样的情况下可能会放弃。故选A。
【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他回到兰开斯特，创办了一家新企业——兰开斯特焦糖公司。A. expanded扩大；B. combined联合；C. launched创办，启动；D. found找到。根据后文“a new enterprise—the Lancaster Caramel Company”指创办了一家新企业——兰开斯特焦糖公司。故选C。
【51题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：弥尔顿从以前的错误中吸取了很多教训，他和他的新公司进步很快。A. crashed撞车；B. advanced前进；C. separated分开；D. globalized全球化。根据上文“Having learned much from his earlier mistakes”可知，因为吸取了教训，所以进步很快，故选B。
【52题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在1893年的哥伦比亚博览会上，他发现了巧克力制作设备，激励他购买全套设备，并将注意力转移到巧克力上。A. qualifying取得资格；B. signaling示意；C. inspiring鼓舞；D. appointing任命。根据后文“him to purchase a full set and shift focus to chocolate.”可知，发现巧克力制作设备激励他购买全套设备，并将注意力转移到巧克力上。故选C。
【53题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：1894年，他在德里教堂开设了自己的第一家巧克力工厂，后来改名为好时。A. defined定义；B. described描述；C. ceased终止；D. renamed重命名。根据后文“and has been known as Hershey ever since”可知，工厂重命名为好时，故选D。
【54题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他之于巧克力，就像亨利·福特之于汽车，史蒂夫·乔布斯之于计算机。A. enterprises企业；B. chocolates巧克力；C. circumstance条件，情况；D. recipes菜单。根据上文“he opened his first chocolate factory”可知，主要以巧克力闻名，即他之于巧克力，就像亨利·福特之于汽车，史蒂夫·乔布斯之于计算机。故选B。
【55题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把少数人的奢侈品变成了大众的享受。A. transformed改变；B. divided分开；C. integrated加入；D. introduced介绍。根据后文“a luxury for the few into a treat for the masses”指他把少数人的奢侈品变成了大众的享受，为短语transform…into。故选A。
科目：高二英语 考试时长：120 分钟 卷面总分：130 分
注意事项:
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。将条形码横贴在答题卡 右上角“条形码粘贴处 ”。
2. 作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用 2B 铅笔在答题卡上将对应题目选项的答案 信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案。答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区 域内相应位置上；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。
4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，留存试卷，交回答题卡。 第一部分 基础知识(共 20 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 20 分)
从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. You need to consider the before you make a decision on changing the schedule.
A. conclusion B. consequence C. evidence D. interaction
2. Our heartfelt goes out to the victims of the severe accident.
A. gratitude B. tendency C. adaptation D. sympathy
3. More Chinese classics have been adapted for movies or TV plays to make traditional Chinese culture to a wider range of people.
A. accessible B. native C. efficient D. accurate
4. I have been so with work that I haven’t had time for social activities.
A. considerate B. motivated C. equipped D. occupied
5. He regularly donates sums of money to local charities.
A. crucial B. available C. substantial D. varied
6. The past few decades have witnessed the number of sugar painters decreasing.
A. nobly B. urgently C. dramatically D. objectively
7. She applied for the job and received an invitation to interview.
A. originally B. instantly C. subsequently D. literally
8. As a teacher, she has a gift for her students to think critically and creatively.
A. tackling B. motivating C. expanding D. emphasizing
9. To avoid the wildlife, thirty-three passages have been built under the railway to allow the animals to move safely and freely in their natural habitat.
A. detecting B. deserving C. bursting D. disturbing
10. It is of great value to children to good books.
A. expose B. explore C. explode D. expand
11. He had her homework , so she can join us for dinner.
A. finish B. finished C. is finished D. has finished
12. The silence in the room gave rise to a curious situation we were all at a loss what to do next.
A. which B. where C. that D. why
13. All the newly published albums were so popular that they by the time he got to the music store.
A. have been sold out B. will be sold out
C. had been sold out D. will have been sold out
14. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
A. is regarded B. regard C. are regarded D. regards
15. Practising Tai Chi can make our body more flexible, in turn can ease joint pain and help to protect us from injury.
A. that B. what C. it D. which
16. Technology makes possible that millions more people have been able to experience a
digital version of the world-famous painting.
A. it B. this C. that D. on
17. difficulties we may come across, we’ll work together to overcome them.
A. However B. Wherever C. Whatever D. Whenever
18. is known to all that the outstanding academic atmosphere draws many students to our
school.
A. It B. Which C. As D. What
19. I have been working in this company I graduated from university.
A. when B. since C. before D. while
20.A man in a black coast was caught .
A. stole B. stolen C. to steal D. stealing
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节, 满分 50 分)
第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分, 满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Summer is finally in the air, but that doesn’t mean you can’t still stay in and have a great movie night. Whether you’re looking for something deep and thought-provoking or light for the whole family, there are many incredible films on Netflix.
The Matrix (1999)
IMDb (Internet Movie Database): 8.7/10 | Runtime: 136 minutes
The Matrix is a science fiction film that stars Keanu Reeves as a hacker who discovers the world he lives in is an illusion crafted by malevolent Artificial Intelligence. The movie presents the very best in technical filmmaking, winning four Oscars. With thrilling action and a complex story, it’s a must-see.
American Symphony (2023)
IMDb: 7.9/10 | Runtime: 104 minutes
Even if you just watch the trailer for American Symphony, you will be in tears. The documentary tells the story of Grammy winner Jon Batiste and his wife, Suleika Jaouad. It’s a beautiful tale of love and resilience, with Variety Magazine calling it “one of the best love stories seen on film.”
Nyad (2023)
IMDb: 7.1/10 | Runtime: 121 minutes
As expected from most sports dramas and biopics, Nyad shares a story of perseverance, the triumphs of determination, and a message of hope. It engages the audience with its solid foundation while entertaining through grounded drama based on reality instead of relying on cheap cliches (陈词滥调).
Society of the Snow (2023)
IMDb: 7.7/10 | Runtime: 144 minutes
In 1972, a Uruguayan flight crashed on the way to Chile, and the survivors of the wreck had to work together to survive in the society of the Snow. With a budget of 60 million euros, the film is the most expensive Spanish film ever made.
21. For those who value online scoring, which film would be their top choice
A. The Matrix. B. American Symphony.
C. Nyad. D. Society of the Snow.
22. What do the last three films have in common
A. They are high-budget films.
B. They are based on true stories.
C. They have the duration within two hours.
D. They have been successful at the box office.
23. Who is the text intended for
A. Film critics. B. Filmmakers.
C. Movie-goers. D. Cinema staff.
B
When people ask about my experience of learning Cantonese, I recount a journey driven by unending curiosity and a strong desire to connect with a dynamic culture.
Growing up in a Russian family, my fascination with languages grew thanks to my father, a language expert. It’s during a cultural appreciation class in junior high that I was first introduced to the world of Hong Kong films, famous for their characteristic action-packed dramas and storytelling styles. However, what really amazed me was the uniqueness of the language, Cantonese, which sparked an urgent need within me to explore it and the rich culture behind. This marked the beginning of a thrilling linguistic journey.
Learning Cantonese posed challenges, such as unfamiliar characters, complex tones, and different grammar structures, yetI persevered. Immersed in textbooks and available online courses, I practiced the tones every day until my pronunciation flowed naturally. Cantonese dramas and music also played a role in familiarizing me with its rhythm.
To truly grasp the essence of Cantonese, I knew that studying alone wasn’t enough — I needed firsthand experience. So, I took a gap year to pack my bags for Hong Kong, a city featuring the lively heartbeat of Cantonese culture. Buried in its busy streets and daily conversations, from casual chats to food ordering, I found myself enveloped in a linguistic wonderland. Within a few months, my Cantonese proficiency flourished, fueling a surge of confidence.
My explorations extended beyond the streets. I enrolled in formal language classes that offered professional guidance. Through hard work, I successfully completed all the courses in Cantonese Linguistics. From then on, I’ve been passionately committed to spreading the Cantonese culture, ensuring its richness reaches a wider audience.
Today, I continue my Cantonese voyage with unflagging enthusiasm. It has transformed into more than just a linguistic pursuit; it grants me a passport to sincere connections, profound insights, and heartfelt admiration for its one-of-a-kind culture.
24. What motivated the author to starthis linguistic journey
A. His father’s intentional arrangement.
B. His teacher’s positive encouragement.
C. His strong interest in Chinese movies.
D. His great passion for cultural exploration.
25. Why did the author head to Hong Kong during the gap year
A. To participate in a language workshop.
B. To take a bite of the diverse local food.
C. To fully comprehend the spirit of Cantonese.
D. To stay well informed about studying abroad.
26. Which best describes the author’s learning process of Cantonese
A. Demanding but strategic. B. Effortless and enjoyable.
C. Challenging but creative. D. Adventurous and eventful.
27. What message does the text mainly convey A. Education is the passport to the future.
B. Language is the road map of a culture.
C. Opportunity favors the prepared mind.
D. Success belongs to those with curiosity.
C
Last winter I enjoyed a brief adventure in Guatemala. Over a period of 12 days, I explored through the jungle to watch the sunrise and danced in the street during the holiday parade. But looking back on that trip, what I remember most vividly is a New Year’s Eve in Guatemala City, at a lifeless hotel. Rather than a countdown to midnight, I counted down the hours until my departure. Nothing special happened during that night. Rather, the big role this hotel plays in my memories can be explained by a psychological principle called the recency effect. “The recency effect helps to account for our tendency to remember the ending part of a sequence of events with far more clarity than the rest,” said Dr. Mary Poffenroth,a biopsychologist.
She says it arises from our short-term memory’s inability to hold on to more than a small amount of information at once. So while there is no magic formula to create lovely travel memories, employing the recency effect can turn a good trip into an unforgettable one.
Dr. Stephanie, a Neuroscientist, says that while you can strategically set off the recency effect at a trip’s end, you may have multiple opportunities to create lasting memories all along the way by breaking it up into smaller chunks.
Keep in mind that the recency effect can also backfire. “Ending an amazing trip with stressful flight delays, lost luggage or feeling unwell might be enough to overshadow the entire experience,resulting in remembering the trip as awful instead of joyful,” Stephanie said.
To avoid disproportionately (不成比例地) spotlighting the final days, Poffenroth has created a trick: She amplifies (增强) earlier days in a trip to keep her memories well-rounded. “I collect
little bits that will remind me of that day: a subway ticket, a seashell, a cardboard drink with a pub’s logo on it.” Then, as she is packing on the last day, “I go through all my little found treasures and spend a few moments recalling each one,” she said. “This gives me a sense of closure for that chapter of travel and makes the experience memorable.”
28. How did the author feel about the New Year’s Eve in Guatemala City
A. It was boring. B. It was eventful.
C. It was relaxing. D. It was cheerful. 29. What do we know about the recency effect from paragraph 2
A. It is based on a psychological principle.
B. It highlights the final part of a series of events.
C. It is widely used to create lovely memories.
D. It makes up for the inability of short-term memory.
30. What does the underlined word “backfire” mean in paragraph 4
A. Be avoided to some extent. B. Be applied extensively.
C. Produce undesirable consequences. D. Pose unexpected challenges.
31. According to Poffenroth, which of the following may help travelers have good memories
A. Share travel experiences.
B. Recall the final days of a journey.
C. Purchase as many souvenirs as possible. D. Purposely gather reminders of a journey.
D
A new UK-based study on the effects of artificial light on local insect populations found that light pollution from street lamps disturbs insect behavior, leading to an overall loss of insects.
“We found that street lighting strongly reduced moth (飞蛾) population compared with unlit sites... and affected moth development,” the study stated.
The study’s results apply to a localized level and cannot be used to determine whether national-level populations are declining due to light pollution. However, it adds further weight to existing research on how light pollution affects ecosystems and biodiversity hotspots and highlights the need to shift to alternatives in artificial light that would tone down these effects.
The effects on insect populations are wide-ranging. More specifically, artificial light affects how moths lay their eggs and puts them at a higher risk of being spotted by predators (捕食性动物). It also affects moths’ feeding behavior, which subsequently leads to declines in their population too. Light pollution thus joins a host of factors, such as climate change and deforestation, as one of the determinants of insect population decline.
While previous studies examined the effects of lighting on bats and other vertebrates, this study focused on their prey—creatures lower down in the food chain—and, as a result, complementing (补充) previous studies. Therefore, the study is concerning because it suggests an alarming loss of insects caused by artificial light, which will have far-reaching consequences for all the wildlife and ecosystems that depend on them.
Moreover, white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were found to have the worst impact on local insects and ecosystem processes. The researchers thus call for shifting away from white LEDs or employing processes such as motion sensors to make the lights less bright and changing colors and filters to avoid the negative impacts. If the findings of the study are anything to go by, local insect ecosystems will suffer considerable consequences—which will, in turn, affect the wildlife that depends on them and, ultimately, could perhaps even upset agricultural balances.
32. What can we learn about the new study
A. It is conducted on a local basis.
B. It highlights the value of artificial light.
C. It focuses on the preservation of insects. D. It matters more than the existing research.
33. What effect does artificial light have on moths
A. It may lead to their extinction. B. It prevents them from feeding. C. It may put them in danger.
D. It disables them from laying eggs.
34. What do the researchers advise us to do with the LEDs
A. To shift to green alternatives.
B. To avoid adopting white-light LEDs. C. To adopt brighter colors and filters.
D. To replace them with motion sensors.
35. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Artificial Light and Wildlife Protection
B. Light Pollution and the Endangered Species
C. Artificial Light Has Negative Effects on Agriculture
D. Light Pollution from Street Lights Could Drive Insect Loss
第二节 (共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分, 满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多 余选项。
Is there anyone who couldn’t spend a little less time on their phone A digital detox (戒毒) maybe just what you need. 36 When people hear the word detox, they may think it’s a strict all-or-nothing thing, but it doesn’t have to be that extreme. Here are some ideas to get you started.
It’s one thing to say you’re going to get rid of your phone on your next vacation, but it’s quite another thing to actually do it. 37 Once you get used to small blocks of time without it, it will be easier and easier to forget how much you relied on it.
If you’re in a situation where you can’t drop your phone, limit the time to use technology during the moments you absolutely have to use it. For example, spend a morning in bed on a Saturday to catch up on social media and then rely less on your phone the rest of the day. 38
Not to sound too much like a lecturing mom, but mealtimes should be quality time with your dining companions in real life. Quick- response (QR) codes for menus at restaurants can be a little annoying too, since you’re dining out with friends to spend time with them, not get absorbed in your phone. 39 If you have to use your phone to order dinner, put it back in your purse as soon as you can.
40 Where you sleep, for example, should be a restful place, not a place to get worked up over social media posts. Start your digital detox by taking the television out of the room, and definitely keep your phone elsewhere while you sleep.
A. You are not alone as a digital addict
B. Ask for a paper menu whenever possible
C. Specify some areas of your home as tech-free D. Try setting aside your phone for an afternoon
E. It is a planned and mindful break from digital technology
F. You just might find that you now have time for a new hobby G. Taking breaks from social media guarantees you a good sleep
第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分 30 分)
第一节(共 15 小题； 每小题 1 分, 满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Almost every kid has eaten a Hershey chocolate bar. But do you know the founder of the chocolate empire, Milton Hershey
In 1872, at age 14, Milton took a 41 at Royer’s Ice Cream Parlor in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. At 19, he started his first company in Philadelphia, selling taffy. He loved to 42 with candy recipes
and soon came up with a soft, chewy caramel (焦糖) that turned out to be a big 43 . Things went well for the company for a while, but Milton gradually found it hard to deal with 44 competition. In the year he turned 24, his company collapsed.
45 , Hershey tried again in Denver, Chicago, and New York. However, his businesses in these cities all 46 bankruptcy (破产) . If 47 is the best teacher, young Milton Hershey could argue that he had earned a 48 .
Some people in the same situation might have 49 . Not Milton Hershey. He went back to Lancaster and 50 a new enterprise—the Lancaster Caramel Company. This time, Milton got it right. Having learned much from his earlier mistakes, Milton and his new company 51 quickly. At the 1893 Columbian Exposition, he discovered chocolate-making equipment, 52 him to purchase a full set and shift focus to chocolate. In 1894, he opened his first chocolate factory in Derry Church, which was 53 and has been known as Hershey ever since.
He was to 54 what Henry Ford was to automobiles and Steve Jobs was to computers. He 55 a luxury for the few into a treat for the masses.
41.A. chance B.job C. break D. look
42.A. experiment B. compare C. stick D. encounter
43.A. consequence B. mistake C. hit D. reward
44.A. fair B. academic C. exciting D. growing
45.A. Astonished B. Alarmed C. Unaffected D. Hesitant
46.A. gave rise to B. recovered from C. dealt with D. ended up in
47.A. failure B. life C. time D. reflection
48.A. reputation B. living C. fortune D. degree
49.A. quit B. recovered C. won D. insisted
50.A. expanded B. combined C. launched D. found
51.A. crashed B. advanced C. separated D. globalized
52.A. qualifying B. signaling C. inspiring D. appointing
53.A. defined B. described C. ceased D. renamed
54.A. enterprises B. chocolates C. circumstance D. recipes
55.A. transformed B. divided C. integrated D. introduced
第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分, 满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hanfu, the traditional clothing of the Han ethnic group, is a splendid symbol of Chinese culture. 56 a history stretching back thousands of years, it has witnessed the development and prosperity of the nation.
Hanfu, the designs of which are 57 (remarkable) diverse, typically consists of a yi (upper garment) and a chang (lower skirt or trousers). The sleeves can be wide and flowing, adding 58 elegant touch. The designs, 59 (characterize) by flowing lines and bright colors, reflect the wearers ’ social status and personal tastes. There are beautiful patterns on Hanfu, such as flowers and animals, which are thought 60 (bring) good luck in our traditions.
Hanfu disappeared at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). Nowadays, it 61 (wear) infrequently as most of the Han Chinese wear western-style clothing.
In recent years, a 62 (grow) number of young people have embraced Hanfu, wearing it for special occasions, festivals, and even in daily life. Many universities in China have a Hanfu Society, 63 members wear Hanfu to celebrate traditional Chinese festivals. This comeback of Hanfu not only highlights the lasting appeal of traditional Chinese fashion 64 promotes a deeper understanding and appreciation of China’s rich history and cultural 65 (diverse).
第四部分 词汇基础 (共 10 小题；每小题 1 分,满分 10 分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
66. There is (convince) evidence of a link between balanced diets with good health.
67. The company’s innovative products are (influence) in nature, shaping industry trends. 68. Everyone knows that success (rare) happens overnight. Just as the saying goes, “Rome was not built in a day.”
69. (prefer) tends to be given to candidates who exhibit outstanding leadership in the
science of astronomy.
70. With the ______ (intend) of stimulating students ’ love of reading and cultivate their reading habits, the contest themed “Read for the Future” was launched in our school.
71. Tanghulu, also known as bingtang hulu, is a traditional Chinese snack ______ (consist) of hardened sugarcoated fruits on a stick.
72. (conclude), despite the challenges, we should be optimistic about the future.
73. By not wearing a seatbelt, you are putting yourself risk of serious injuries in a car accident.
74. reflection, she decided to accept the job.
75. The new design of the website allows users to find the information they need at glance.
第五部分 应用文写作(满分 20 分)
76. 假定你是李华，你的英国好友 Jim 来邮件告知他被国际野生动物保护协会(WCS)录用为 暑期项目的志愿者。请你给他回复一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 表示祝贺；
2. 肯定他的努力；
3. 索取项目信息。
注意：1.词数 120 左右；
2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
参考词汇: WCS: Wildlife Conservation Society Dear Jim,
Yours, Li Hua
深圳高中2024-2025学年第一学期期末考试
高二英语答案
一、基础知识
BDADC 6-10 CCBDA 11-15 BBCAD 16-20 ACABD
二、阅读理解
A篇：21-23 ABC
B篇：24-27 DCAB
C篇：28-31 ABCD
D篇：32-35 ACBD
七选五：36-40 EDFBC
三、语言运用
完形填空: 41-45 BACDC 46-50 DADAC 51-55 BCDBA
语法填空
56. With 57. remarkably 58. an 59. characterized 60. to bring
61. is worn 62. growing 63. whose 64. but 65. diversity
四、词汇基础
66. convincing 67. influential 68. rarely 69. Preference 70. intention
71. consisting 72. To conclude 73. at 74. On 75. a
五、书面表达
Dear Jim,
Good news travels fast! I am absolutely exhilarated to hear that you are admitted to be a volunteer of Wildlife Conservation Society and I am writing to extend my heartfelt congratulations.
Your relentless efforts to learn about wildlife species have truly paid off. And I have witnessed the immense dedication you put into your preparations, staying up late to revise your application form and practice the interview. It is your profound affection to the animals, coupled with these efforts you have made, that has set you apart.
I am also enthusiastic about wildlife protection. So would it be convenient for you to keep me informed of/furnish me with the basic information of this organization and the way to apply for it Congratulations on your amazing opportunity again!
Yours,
Li Hua
部分题目详解：
阅读A篇：
21. A 22. B 23. C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章为读者推荐了四部在Netflix上可以观看的电影，包括科幻片、纪录片、体育剧情片和历史剧情片，旨在为不同口味的观众提供选择。
【21题详解】细节理解题。根据The Matrix (1999)下“IMDb (Internet Movie Database): 8.7/10 | Runtime: 136 minutes (IMDb（互联网电影数据库）：8.7/10 | 时长：136分钟)”可知，《黑客帝国》在IMDb上的评分是8.7/10，是这几部电影中评分最高的，所以对于重视在线评分的人来说，《黑客帝国》是他们的首选。故选A项。
【22题详解】细节理解题。根据American Symphony (2023)下“The documentary (纪录片) tells the story of Grammy winner Jon Batiste and his wife, Suleika Jaouad. It’s a beautiful tale of love and resilience, with Variety Magazine calling it “one of the best love stories seen on film.”(这部纪录片讲述了格莱美奖得主Jon Batiste和他的妻子Suleika Jaouad的故事。这是一个关于爱和韧性的美丽故事，Variety杂志称它为“电影上看到的最好的爱情故事之一。”)”可知，American Symphony是一部纪录片，讲述了一个真实的故事；根据Nyad (2023)下“As expected from most sports dramas and biopics, Nyad shares a story of perseverance, the triumphs of determination, and a message of hope. (正如大多数体育剧和传记片所预期的那样，Nyad分享了一个关于毅力、决心的胜利和希望的信息。)”可知，Nyad也是一部基于真实故事改编的电影；根据Society of the Snow (2023)下“In 1972, a Uruguayan flight crashed on the way to Chile, and the survivors of the wreck had to work together to survive in the of the Snow.(1972年，一架乌拉圭航班在飞往智利途中坠毁，幸存者不得不共同努力在雪地中生存。)”可知，Society of the Snow也是根据真实事件改编的电影。由此可以推知，这三部电影的共同点是它们都是基于真实故事改编的。故选B项。
【23题详解】推理判断题。根据原文第一段“Summer is finally in the air, but that doesn't mean you can't still stay in and have a great movie night. Whether you're looking for something deep and thought-provoking or light for the whole family, there are many incredible films on Netflix.(夏天终于来了，但这并不意味着你还不能呆在家里度过一个美好的电影之夜。无论你是在寻找一些深刻的、发人深省的东西，还是适合全家人观看的轻松电影，Netflix上都有许多令人难以置信的电影。)”可知，本文主要介绍了几部值得在家观看的电影，因此这篇文章主要是面向电影观众的。故选C项。
阅读B篇：
24. D 25. C 26. A 27. B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者学习粤语的经历，这是一段充满好奇心和强烈渴望融入充满活力的文化的旅程，粤语的独特性激发了作者探索这门语言及其背后丰富文化的渴望，他采用了各种方法来学习粤语，还前往香港让自己沉浸在粤语的语言环境中，如今他依旧饱有热情地探索着粤语及其文化。
【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, what really amazed me was the uniqueness of the language, Cantonese, which sparked a urgent need within me to explore it and the rich culture behind. This marked the beginning of a thrilling linguistic journey. (然而，真正让我惊讶的是粤语的独特性，这激发了我对探索它及其背后丰富文化的迫切需求。这标志着一段激动人心的语言之旅的开始)”可知，促使作者开始他的语言之旅的是他对粤语文化探索的极大热情。故选D项。
25题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“To truly grasp the essence of Cantonese, I knew that studying alone wasn’t enough — I needed firsthand experience. So, I took a gap year to pack my bags for Hong Kong, a city featuring the lively heartbeat of Cantonese culture. (要真正掌握粤语的精髓，我知道光靠学习是不够的，我需要亲身体验。因此，我花了一年的时间收拾行李，前往香港，一个以粤语文化的活力中心为特色的城市)”可知，作者在间隔年期间前往香港是为了充分体会粤语的精髓。故选C项。
【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Learning Cantonese posed challenges, such as unfamiliar characters, complex tones, and different grammar structures, yet I persevered. (学习粤语有很多挑战，比如不熟悉的汉字、复杂的声调和不同的语法结构，但我坚持了下来)”可知，作者学习粤语的过程中面临很多挑战，因此这个过程是费力的。再结合第三段中“Immersed in textbooks and available online courses, I practiced the tones every day until my pronunciation flowed naturally. Cantonese dramas and music also played a role in familiarizing me with its rhythm. (沉浸在课本和在线课程中，我每天练习音调，直到我的发音自然流畅。粤语剧和音乐也让我熟悉了粤语的节奏)”、第四段中“Buried in its busy streets and daily conversations, from casual chats to food ordering, I found myself enveloped in a linguistic wonderland. (沉浸在繁忙的街道和日常对话中，从闲聊到点餐，我发现自己被笼罩在一个语言仙境中)”和第五段中“My explorations extended beyond the streets. I enrolled in formal language classes that offered professional guidance. (我的探索超越了街道。我参加了提供专业指导的正式语言课程)”可知，作者通过各种手段和媒介来学习粤语，包括课本、在线课程、影视剧、音乐、真实的语言环境、正式的语言课程，因此这个过程也是有策略的。故选A项。
【27题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“It has transformed into more than just a linguistic pursuit; it grants me a passport to sincere connections, profound insights, and heartfelt admiration for its one-of-a-kind culture. (它已经不仅仅是一种语言追求；它给了我真诚的联系、深刻的见解和对其独特文化的由衷钦佩的通行证)”可知，文章主要围绕作者学习粤语的经历展开，粤语的独特性激发了作者探索这门语言及其背后丰富文化的渴望，他采用了各种方法来学习粤语，还前往香港让自己沉浸在粤语的语言环境中，如今他依旧饱有热情地探索着粤语及其文化，这段旅程充满好奇心和融入充满活力的文化的强烈渴望。由此可知，语言和文化贯穿了作者的这份经历，文章主要想表达语言是一种文化的路线图，帮助作者了解其背后的文化。故选B项。
阅读C篇：
28. A 29. B 30. C 31. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了心理学中的近因效应原理，即人们倾向于更清晰地记住事件序列的结尾部分。作者通过自己的旅行经历，说明了运用近因效应可以让旅行变得更加难忘。
【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“But looking back on that trip, what I remember most vividly is a New Year's Eve in Guatemala City, at a lifeless hotel. Rather than a countdown to midnight, I counted down the hours until my departure.( 但回想起那次旅行，我印象最深刻的是在危地马拉城的一个新年前夜，在一家毫无生气的酒店里。我没有倒数午夜，而是倒数出发前的几个小时。)” 可知，作者对危地马拉城的那个新年夜感到无聊，因为他在倒数离开的时间而不是新年的到来。故选A。
【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“The recency effect helps to account for our tendency to remember the ending part of a sequence of events with far more clarity than the rest,(近因效应有助于解释为什么我们倾向于比其他部分更清楚地记住一系列事件的结束部分，)”，这句话说明近因效应强调了事件序列结尾部分的记忆清晰度高于其他部分。B选项“It highlights the final part of a series of events.(它突出了一系列事件的最后一部分。)”符合题意。故选B。
【30题详解】词义猜测题。根据第四段中划线词后面的内容“Ending an amazing trip with stressful flight delays, lost luggage or feeling unwell might be enough to overshadow the entire experience, resulting in remembering the trip as awful instead of joyful(以紧张的航班延误、行李丢失或感觉不适来结束一次美妙的旅行，可能足以给整个经历蒙上阴影，导致你对旅行的记忆是糟糕的，而不是快乐的。)”可知，如果旅行以令人紧张的航班延误、行李丢失或身体不适等不愉快的事情结束，可能会使整个旅行体验变得糟糕，从而记住的是糟糕的旅行而不是愉快的旅行。因此，此处强调首因效应有时候会产生不良的后果。故划线词“backfire”在这里的意思是“产生不良后果”，C选项“Produce undesirable consequences.(产生不良后果。)”与其为近义词。故选C。
【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Then, as she is packing on the last day, “I go through all my little found treasures and spend a few moments recalling each one, ” she said. “This gives me a sense of closure for that chapter of travel and makes the experience memorable. ”(然后，在最后一天收拾行李的时候，她说：“我会浏览我所有的小宝贝，花点时间回忆每一件。”“这给了我一种结束旅行的感觉，让我的经历变得难忘。”)”可知，Poffenroth认为故意收集旅行的纪念品，花时间浏览自己的旅游纪念品，能够让作者的经历变得难忘即可以帮助旅行者拥有良好的记忆。因此，选项D“Purposely gather reminders of a journey.(故意收集旅行的纪念品)”有助于游客们拥有美好的旅游记忆。故选D。
阅读D篇:
32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D
【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了英国开展的一项研究：研究发现晚上街灯造成的光污染对昆虫的数量有影响。
【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“The study’s results apply to a localized level(研究结果适用于局部水平)”可知，此研究是在某一区域范围内开展的。故选A。
【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“artificial light affects how moths lay their eggs and puts them at a higher risk of being spotted by predators(捕食性动物) (人造光会影响飞蛾产卵的方式，使它们更容易被捕食者发现)”可知，人造光会使得飞蛾处于更容易被捕食者发现的危险中。故选C。
【34题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“The researchers thus call for shifting away from white LEDs or employing processes such as motion sensors to make the lights less bright and changing colors and filters to avoid the negative impacts. (因此，研究人员呼吁远离白色LED，或采用运动传感器等工艺来降低灯光亮度，并改变颜色和滤镜以避免负面影响。)”可知，研究者建议避免使用发白光的LED灯。故选B。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new UK-based study on the effects of artificial light on local insect populations found that light pollution from street lamps disturbs insect behavior, leading to an overall loss of insects. (一项基于英国的关于人造光对当地昆虫种群影响的新研究发现，路灯的光污染会干扰昆虫的行为，导致昆虫的全面损失。)”可知，文章的主要内容是路灯的光污染可能导致昆虫死亡。故选D。
七选五:
36. E 37. D 38. F 39. B 40. C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了数字排毒（digital detox）的概念，即计划性地、有意识地远离数字技术，并提供了一些实践数字排毒的建议。
【36题详解】根据前文 “Is there anyone who couldn’t spend a little less time on their phone A digital detox (戒毒) may be just what you need.(有人不能少花一点时间在手机上吗？也许你需要的正是“数码戒毒”)”可知，E项“It is a planned and mindful break from digital technology.(这是一次有计划的、有意识的与数字技术的分离)”是对前文“数码戒毒”的解释，符合文意。故选E项。
【37题详解】根据前文“It’s one thing to say you’re going to get rid of your phone on your next vacation, but it’s quite another thing to actually do it.(说你要在下次度假时扔掉手机是一回事，但真正做到这一点又是另一回事)”以及后文“Once you get used to small blocks of time without it, it will be easier and easier to forget how much you relied on it.(一旦你习惯了一小段时间没有它，你就会越来越容易忘记你是多么依赖它)”可知，本段主要讲述，真的做到去放下手机，所以D项“Try setting aside your phone for an afternoon.(试着把手机拿开一下午)”符合本段主题。故选D项。
【38题详解】设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“If you’re in a situation where you can’t drop your phone, limit the time to use technology during the moments you absolutely have to use it. For example, spend a morning in bed on a Saturday to catch up on social media and then rely less on your phone the rest of the day.(如果你处于不能放下手机的情况下，那就在你必须使用科技产品的时候限制使用它的时间。例如，周六早上在床上刷社交媒体，然后在一天的剩余时间里减少对手机的依赖)”可知，F项“You just might find that you now have time for a new hobby.(你可能会发现你现在有时间培养一个新的爱好)”是对前文的总结，限制使用科技产品的时间，然后会发现你现在有时间培养一个新的爱好。故选F项。
【39题详解】根据前文“Quick- response (QR) codes for menus at restaurants can be a little annoying too, since you’ re dining out with friends to spend time with them, not get absorbed in your phone.(餐厅菜单上的快速响应代码也有点烦人，因为你和朋友出去吃饭是为了和他们共度时光，而不是全神贯注于你的手机)”以及后文“If you have to use your phone to order dinner, put it back in your purse as soon as you can.(如果你不得不用手机点餐，尽快把它放回钱包里)”可知，此处是在讲述餐馆就餐时，尽量不用手机，所以B项“Ask for a paper menu whenever possible.(尽可能要一份纸质菜单)”符合此处主题，承接上文，引出下文。故选B项。
【40题详解】设空位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“Where you sleep, for example, should be a restful place, not a place to get worked up over social media posts. Start your digital detox by taking the television out of the room, and definitely keep your phone elsewhere while you sleep.(例如，你睡觉的地方应该是一个安静的地方，而不是一个因为社交媒体帖子而生气的地方。从把电视从房间里拿出来开始戒掉数码产品吧，睡觉的时候一定要把手机放在别的地方)”可知，本段主要讲述了让家里一个地方尽量没有电子产品，所以C项“Specify some areas of your home as tech-free.(指定你家里的一些区域为无科技)”符合本段主题，为本段中心句。故选C项。
完形填空：
41. B 42. A 43. C 44. D 45. C 46. D 47. A 48. D 49. A 50. C 51. B 52. C 53. D 54. B 55. A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了好时巧克力的创始人Milton Hershey是如何建立自己的巧克力品牌，把少数人的奢侈品变成了大众的享受的商品。
【41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：1872年，14岁的弥尔顿在宾夕法尼亚州兰开斯特的罗耶冰淇淋店找到了一份工作。A. chance机会；B. job工作；C. break间歇，小憩；D. look看。根据后文“at Royer’s Ice Cream Parlor in Lancaster, Pennsylvania”以及下文提到他19岁创业，说明第一份工作是在冰淇淋店铺。故选B。
【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他喜欢尝试糖果的配方，很快就想出了一种柔软、有嚼劲的焦糖，结果大受欢迎。A. experiment进行实验，尝试；B. compare比较；C. stick坚持；D. part分开。根据后文“with candy recipes and soon came up with a soft, chewy caramel”可知，他喜欢尝试糖果的配方，很快就想出了一种柔软、有嚼劲的焦糖，故选A。
【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他喜欢尝试糖果的配方，很快就想出了一种柔软、有嚼劲的焦糖，结果大受欢迎。A. consequence结果；B. mistake错误；C. hit成功的事物，打击；D. reward奖励。根据后文“Things went well for the company for a while”可知，这种糖果取得了成功，短语be a big hit表示“大受欢迎”。故选C。
【44题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一段时间，公司发展得很顺利，但弥尔顿逐渐发现难以应对日益激烈的竞争。A. fair公平的；B. academic学术的；C. exciting令人兴奋的；D. growing增加的，生长的。根据上文“but Milton gradually found it hard to deal with”中but表示转折，说明弥尔顿逐渐发现难以应对日益激烈的竞争。故选D。
【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：赫尔歇未受影响，在丹佛、芝加哥和纽约再次尝试。A. Astonished震惊的；B. Alarmed担忧的；C. Unaffected不受影响的；D. Hesitant犹豫的。根据上文“In the year he turned 24, his company collapsed.(在他24岁那年，他的公司倒闭了)”以及后文“Hershey tried again in Denver, Chicago, and New York.”指赫尔歇没有受到公司倒闭的影响，故选C。
【46题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，他在这些城市的生意都以破产告终。A. gave rise to引起；B. recovered from恢复；C. dealt with处理；D. ended up in结束。根据后文“bankruptcy”指生意以破产告终。故选D。
【47题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果失败是最好的老师，那么年轻的米尔顿·赫尔希可以说他已经获得了一个学位。A. failure失败；B. life生活；C. time时间；D. reflection反思。根据上文bankruptcy可知，公司都破产了，所以是失败是最好的老师，故选A。
【48题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果失败是最好的老师，那么年轻的米尔顿·赫尔希可以说他已经获得了一个学位。A. reputation名誉；B. living生活方式；C. fortune运气；D. degree程度。与上文“the best teacher”对应，米尔顿·赫尔希可以说他已经获得了一个学位。故选D。
【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人在同样的情况下可能会放弃。A. quit放弃；B. recovered恢复；C. won赢得；D. insisted坚持。根据上文可知，不断遭受失败，有些人在同样的情况下可能会放弃。故选A。
【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他回到兰开斯特，创办了一家新企业——兰开斯特焦糖公司。A. expanded扩大；B. combined联合；C. launched创办，启动；D. found找到。根据后文“a new enterprise—the Lancaster Caramel Company”指创办了一家新企业——兰开斯特焦糖公司。故选C。
【51题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：弥尔顿从以前的错误中吸取了很多教训，他和他的新公司进步很快。A. crashed撞车；B. advanced前进；C. separated分开；D. globalized全球化。根据上文“Having learned much from his earlier mistakes”可知，因为吸取了教训，所以进步很快，故选B。
【52题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在1893年的哥伦比亚博览会上，他发现了巧克力制作设备，激励他购买全套设备，并将注意力转移到巧克力上。A. qualifying取得资格；B. signaling示意；C. inspiring鼓舞；D. appointing任命。根据后文“him to purchase a full set and shift focus to chocolate.”可知，发现巧克力制作设备激励他购买全套设备，并将注意力转移到巧克力上。故选C。
【53题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：1894年，他在德里教堂开设了自己的第一家巧克力工厂，后来改名为好时。A. defined定义；B. described描述；C. ceased终止；D. renamed重命名。根据后文“and has been known as Hershey ever since”可知，工厂重命名为好时，故选D。
【54题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他之于巧克力，就像亨利·福特之于汽车，史蒂夫·乔布斯之于计算机。A. enterprises企业；B. chocolates巧克力；C. circumstance条件，情况；D. recipes菜单。根据上文“he opened his first chocolate factory”可知，主要以巧克力闻名，即他之于巧克力，就像亨利·福特之于汽车，史蒂夫·乔布斯之于计算机。故选B。
【55题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把少数人的奢侈品变成了大众的享受。A. transformed改变；B. divided分开；C. integrated加入；D. introduced介绍。根据后文“a luxury for the few into a treat for the masses”指他把少数人的奢侈品变成了大众的享受，为短语transform…into。故选A。
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