基于教、学、评一体化的说明文阅读之现象说明类导学案（无答案）-2025届高三英语二轮复习
文档属性
| 名称 | 基于教、学、评一体化的说明文阅读之现象说明类导学案（无答案）-2025届高三英语二轮复习 |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 30.9KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-01-18 11:12:07 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
基于教、学、评一体化的说明文阅读之现象说明类学案
A篇（2022新高考1)
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away - from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time - but for him, it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yer so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat.” Curtin says.
24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A. We pay little attention to food waste.
B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat.
D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A. Moral decline.
B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage.
D. Worldwide starvation.
26. What does Curtin’s company do
A. It produces kitchen equipment.
B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
27. What does Curtin suggest people do
A. Buy only what is needed.
B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week.
D. Eat in restaurants less often.
B篇（2021浙江1月B篇）
At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.
Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2, 000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15 per cent.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities（机会）for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and talk with their young scholar about their day.
Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day, only to meet with a “good”, quickly followed by "I'm hungry". This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son's day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.
Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes（路线）, with days of regular, parent-accompanied walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and takes a little planning-running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones-but it's certainly worth trying.
4. Why does the author mention Watkins' predictions in the first paragraph
A. To make comparisons. B. To introduce the topic.
C. To support her argument. D. To provide examples.
5. What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity
A. Plain laziness. B. Health problems.
C. Lack of time. D. Security concerns.
6. Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile
A. She can get relaxed after work. B. She can keep physically fit.
C. She can help with her son's study. D. She can know her son better.
真题演练
2022新高考1卷B篇&2021浙江1月B篇】
Activity 1 The main idea of the text
Text 1 (新高考1卷B) Text 2 (2021 浙江卷B)
Activity 2 The structure of the text
Text 1 （新高考1卷B） Text 2 (2021 浙江卷B)
Activity 3 Analysis of the questions
Text 1 （新高考1卷B） Text 2 (2021 浙江卷B)
Activity 4 Evaluation: 自评和他评
评价内容 自评 他评
课前制订的学习方案是否全部完成？
课上你是否全身心投入学习了？有些时候精力不够集中的原因是什么？
我对课上的两篇现象类说明文是否真正理解了？
我对课上的两篇现象类说明文的结构是否真正掌握了？
课上是否有跟不上老师上课进度的情况？原因是什么？如何改进？
课前关注的重点和难点是否已解决？课后复习还需要关注哪些方面？
自己在小组课堂活动中的表现是否积极主动？和其他同学相比我的优点有哪些？不足之处有哪些？
自己能否针对所获取的信息，尝试提出批判性的问题？比如：现象类说明文的结构和内容可以还有哪些？
自己能否针对所获取的信息，尝试提出创新性的问题？比如：针对所阅读的现象类说明文，自己能够设置哪些问题？
在本课的学习过程中，哪些学习方法对自己的学习帮助最大？其他同学的方法有无可借鉴之处？
对自己的总体表现评价如何？今后在哪些方面还需要继续努力？
群文阅读
C篇（2021年全国乙卷）
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline（座机）
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries
24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones
A. Their target users. B. Their wide popularity.
C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design.
25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Admit. B. Argue. C. Remember. D. Remark.
26. What can we say about Baby Boomers
A. They like smartphone games. B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phones. D. They are attached to their family.
27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph
A. It remains a family necessity. B. It will fall out of use some day.
C. It may increase daily expenses. D. It is as important as the gas light.
D篇（2019年北京卷C篇）
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈). We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these “solutions”(解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.
That’s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation(处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. At this year’s I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches(数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller’s, tricking you into “confirming” your address, mother’s name, and card number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.
Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.
38. How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls
A. Panicked. B. Confused. C. Embarrassed. D. Disappointed.
39. Taking advantage of the new technologies, scammer can ________.
A. aim at victims precisely B. damage databases easily
C. start campaigns rapidly D. spread information widely
40 What does the passage imply
A. Honesty is the best policy.
B. Technologies can be double-edged.
C. There are more solutions than problems.
D. Credibility holds the key to development.
41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted
B. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls
C. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous
D. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
E篇(2019年浙江卷6月）
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor.
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）.
Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
27. What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
28. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees
A. Ecological studies of forests. B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development. D. Fire control measures.
29. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre
A. Inadequate snowmelt. B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate. D. Dampness of the air.
30. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone
B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests
D. Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
能力迁移
假如你是李华，你向校报英文版投稿，介绍当下出现的外国人学汉语的热潮的相关情况，内容要点如下: :
1.简单介绍该现象:
2.该现象产生的原因。
Dear Editor,
I am writing to share an interesting trend that _______________________（1.越来越多的外国人热衷于学习汉语）, which has become a topic of interest and discussion worldwide.Quite a few things give rise to the phenomenon. / The reasons behind this are obvious.
First,the growing global influence of China is probably the most powerful engine.As our country continues to assume an increasingly important role on the world stage, ______________________________________(2.更多的外国人意识到用汉语交流能给他们优势）. Also, ____________________________________________________________（3.汉语文化、艺术和文学的魅力捕获了很多外国人的心）. ______________________________________________（4.学习汉语能让他们沉浸在精彩的中国文化中，培养深刻的理解和欣赏）.
Personally, I firmly believe that as this trend continues, __________________________________________（5.它不仅加强了文化交流，而且为国际合作创造机会）.
Sincerely,
Li Hua
其它格式：
表示原因：Three reasons, in my mind, account for this phenomenon. / Quite a few things give rise to the phenomenon. / The reasons behind this are obvious.
具体阐述：1. _________is probably the most powerful engine. 2. The most important factor should be __________. 3. Also, __________.
结尾总结：Personally, I firmly believe that __________.
建议：My suggestions are as follows. ...should be the top priority; Equally important is to...; Why not... ;
（提示：针对社会现象的建议多分：政府和个人的做法，例如：strengthen supervision and impose severe punishment for such behaviors；educate individuals about the importance of.... ; joint efforts)
A篇（2022新高考1)
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away - from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time - but for him, it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yer so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat.” Curtin says.
24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A. We pay little attention to food waste.
B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat.
D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A. Moral decline.
B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage.
D. Worldwide starvation.
26. What does Curtin’s company do
A. It produces kitchen equipment.
B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
27. What does Curtin suggest people do
A. Buy only what is needed.
B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week.
D. Eat in restaurants less often.
B篇（2021浙江1月B篇）
At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.
Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2, 000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15 per cent.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities（机会）for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and talk with their young scholar about their day.
Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day, only to meet with a “good”, quickly followed by "I'm hungry". This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son's day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.
Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes（路线）, with days of regular, parent-accompanied walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and takes a little planning-running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones-but it's certainly worth trying.
4. Why does the author mention Watkins' predictions in the first paragraph
A. To make comparisons. B. To introduce the topic.
C. To support her argument. D. To provide examples.
5. What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity
A. Plain laziness. B. Health problems.
C. Lack of time. D. Security concerns.
6. Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile
A. She can get relaxed after work. B. She can keep physically fit.
C. She can help with her son's study. D. She can know her son better.
真题演练
2022新高考1卷B篇&2021浙江1月B篇】
Activity 1 The main idea of the text
Text 1 (新高考1卷B) Text 2 (2021 浙江卷B)
Activity 2 The structure of the text
Text 1 （新高考1卷B） Text 2 (2021 浙江卷B)
Activity 3 Analysis of the questions
Text 1 （新高考1卷B） Text 2 (2021 浙江卷B)
Activity 4 Evaluation: 自评和他评
评价内容 自评 他评
课前制订的学习方案是否全部完成？
课上你是否全身心投入学习了？有些时候精力不够集中的原因是什么？
我对课上的两篇现象类说明文是否真正理解了？
我对课上的两篇现象类说明文的结构是否真正掌握了？
课上是否有跟不上老师上课进度的情况？原因是什么？如何改进？
课前关注的重点和难点是否已解决？课后复习还需要关注哪些方面？
自己在小组课堂活动中的表现是否积极主动？和其他同学相比我的优点有哪些？不足之处有哪些？
自己能否针对所获取的信息，尝试提出批判性的问题？比如：现象类说明文的结构和内容可以还有哪些？
自己能否针对所获取的信息，尝试提出创新性的问题？比如：针对所阅读的现象类说明文，自己能够设置哪些问题？
在本课的学习过程中，哪些学习方法对自己的学习帮助最大？其他同学的方法有无可借鉴之处？
对自己的总体表现评价如何？今后在哪些方面还需要继续努力？
群文阅读
C篇（2021年全国乙卷）
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline（座机）
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries
24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones
A. Their target users. B. Their wide popularity.
C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design.
25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Admit. B. Argue. C. Remember. D. Remark.
26. What can we say about Baby Boomers
A. They like smartphone games. B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phones. D. They are attached to their family.
27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph
A. It remains a family necessity. B. It will fall out of use some day.
C. It may increase daily expenses. D. It is as important as the gas light.
D篇（2019年北京卷C篇）
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈). We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these “solutions”(解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.
That’s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation(处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. At this year’s I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches(数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller’s, tricking you into “confirming” your address, mother’s name, and card number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.
Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.
38. How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls
A. Panicked. B. Confused. C. Embarrassed. D. Disappointed.
39. Taking advantage of the new technologies, scammer can ________.
A. aim at victims precisely B. damage databases easily
C. start campaigns rapidly D. spread information widely
40 What does the passage imply
A. Honesty is the best policy.
B. Technologies can be double-edged.
C. There are more solutions than problems.
D. Credibility holds the key to development.
41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted
B. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls
C. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous
D. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
E篇(2019年浙江卷6月）
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor.
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）.
Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
27. What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
28. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees
A. Ecological studies of forests. B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development. D. Fire control measures.
29. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre
A. Inadequate snowmelt. B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate. D. Dampness of the air.
30. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone
B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests
D. Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
能力迁移
假如你是李华，你向校报英文版投稿，介绍当下出现的外国人学汉语的热潮的相关情况，内容要点如下: :
1.简单介绍该现象:
2.该现象产生的原因。
Dear Editor,
I am writing to share an interesting trend that _______________________（1.越来越多的外国人热衷于学习汉语）, which has become a topic of interest and discussion worldwide.Quite a few things give rise to the phenomenon. / The reasons behind this are obvious.
First,the growing global influence of China is probably the most powerful engine.As our country continues to assume an increasingly important role on the world stage, ______________________________________(2.更多的外国人意识到用汉语交流能给他们优势）. Also, ____________________________________________________________（3.汉语文化、艺术和文学的魅力捕获了很多外国人的心）. ______________________________________________（4.学习汉语能让他们沉浸在精彩的中国文化中，培养深刻的理解和欣赏）.
Personally, I firmly believe that as this trend continues, __________________________________________（5.它不仅加强了文化交流，而且为国际合作创造机会）.
Sincerely,
Li Hua
其它格式：
表示原因：Three reasons, in my mind, account for this phenomenon. / Quite a few things give rise to the phenomenon. / The reasons behind this are obvious.
具体阐述：1. _________is probably the most powerful engine. 2. The most important factor should be __________. 3. Also, __________.
结尾总结：Personally, I firmly believe that __________.
建议：My suggestions are as follows. ...should be the top priority; Equally important is to...; Why not... ;
（提示：针对社会现象的建议多分：政府和个人的做法，例如：strengthen supervision and impose severe punishment for such behaviors；educate individuals about the importance of.... ; joint efforts)