2025年河北省中考英语人教版二轮复习·词法专题(10份打包)

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名称 2025年河北省中考英语人教版二轮复习·词法专题(10份打包)
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科目 英语
更新时间 2025-01-20 14:35:24

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(共19张PPT)
定义 数词是表示数目的多少或事物的先后顺序的词。
专题五 数 词
基数词的常见表达
数词的用法
编号与电话号码的表达
时刻的表达
年代、年份的表达
不确切的岁数的表达
长、宽、高等的表达
距离的表达
温度的表达
概数词的用法
专题五 数 词
序数词的常见表达
数词的用法
加 the,表顺序
加 a/ an,表“又一,再一”
表示日期,年用基数词,日用序数词;世纪
形容词性物主代词+序数词+名词
分数和百分数的用法
专题五 数 词
■考点一 基 数 词
构成 示例
0~12 需单独记忆 zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten,
eleven, twelve
13~19:词尾均 为-teen thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen,seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
20~90:整十词尾均为-ty twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
基数词的构成
专题五 数 词
续表
21~99:非整十数的基数词需在十位和个位之间加连字符 twenty-one, thirty-two, forty-three, fifty-four, sixty-five,
seventy-six, eighty-seven, ninety-eight, ninety-nine
101~999:需在百位数和十/个位 数 之 间 用and 连接 one hundred and eight, three hundred and fifty-six
百,千,百万,十亿 hundred, thousand, million, billion
专题五 数 词
基数词的用法
1. 编号与电话号码的表达
(1)编号:在英语中可用基数词和序数词表示。基数词位于名词之后,词首的字母要大写;序数词在名词之前,并加定冠词。 如:
第一课 Lesson One = the first lesson;3 路公交车Bus No. 3 = the No. 3 bus;302 房间 Room 302(读作 room three o two);第 457 页 Page 457
专题五 数 词
(2)电话号码:用基数词,可单个读,重复的数字也可读作 double, 如:38556033 读作 three eight double five six o (zero) double three
2. 时刻的表达
(1)整点:基数词加 o’clock。 如:5 点钟 five o’clock
(2)顺读法:“钟点+分钟”。 如:7:05 seven o five
(3)倒数法:30 分内:“几点过几分”用“分钟数+ past +已过钟点数”; 超过 30 分:“差几分到几点”为“分钟数+ to +下个钟点数”;半小时用 half,一刻钟用 quarter。 如:
7:05 five past seven;7:15 a quarter past seven;7:30 half past seven;7:45 a quarter to eight;7:50 ten to eight
专题五 数 词
3. 年代、年份的表达
(1)年代的表达方式通常为“in + the +基数词的复数”。 如:in the 1980s 在 20 世纪 80年代
(2)年份用基数词。 四位数年份常分两组来读。 如: 1999 读作 nineteen ninety-nine;2000读作 two thousand
4. 表示年龄
表示具体的年龄:
(1)基数词+year(s)+old 如:
My sister is twelve years old and she always helps with housework. 我妹妹今年十二岁,她总是帮忙做家务。
专题五 数 词
(2)at the age of+基数词=at age +基数词=at +基数词 如:
at the age of eight=at age eight= at eight 八岁时
(3)基数词-year-old+可数名词单数 如:
six-year-old boy 六岁的男孩
表示“大概年龄”:in + one’s +几十的复数形式。 如:
in his forties 在他 40 多岁时
专题五 数 词
5. 长、宽、高等的表达
(1)结构为“基数词+单位词(meter/ foot/ inch等)+形容词(long/ wide/ high 等)”。 如:three meters tall 3 米高
(2)基数词+单位词+in+名词(length/ width/height/ weight 等) 如:
The man is two meters in height. 这个男人身高两米。
6. 表示距离
基数词+里程单位 如:three kilometers 3 公里
基数词+时间单位单数形式+交通方式 如:three-hour bus ride 三个小时的公交车程
基数词+时间单位的所有格形式+交通方式 如:ten minutes’ walk 步行十分钟
专题五 数 词
7. 温度的表达
用“基数词+degree (s) +单位词”表示。 如:twenty-five degrees centigrade 25 摄氏度/ 25℃
8. 概数词的用法
(1)表示确切的数字(具体数字+概数词+名词复数)
hundred, thousand, million 等词与具体的数字one, two 等连用时,要用单数形式。 如:
five hundred people 500 人;two thousand books两千本书
专题五 数 词
(2)表示不确切的数字(概数词-s + of +名词复数)
hundred, thousand, million 等词与 of 连用,要用复数形式,但前面不能再加数字。 如:
thousands of factories 成千上万家工厂
专题五 数 词
对点集训
1. 约翰叔叔在二十多岁的时候梦想去太空旅游。
Uncle John dreamed of travelling to space _____________________.
2. 折扇已有数百年的历史。
The folding fans have a history of __________ ________ years.
3. 我妈妈花了一个半小时打扫房子。
It took my mom _____________________________________ to clean the house.
in his twenties
hundreds of
one hour and a half/ one and a half hours
专题五 数 词
■考点二 序 数 词
序数词的构成
构成 示例
1~3 需单独记忆 one→first, two→second, three→third
4~19:由相应的基数词加-th 构成 four→fourth, five→fifth, seven→seventh
20 ~90 中 整 十 的序数词:由其对应的基数词变结尾字 母 y 为 ie, 再加-th 构成 twenty→twentieth thirty→thirtieth
forty→fortieth fifty→fiftieth
eighty→eightieth
专题五 数 词
21 ~99 中 非 整 十的序数词:将其个位数上的基数词变为序数词 twenty-one→twenty-first
twenty-three→twenty-third
fifty-eight→fifty-eighth
续表
专题五 数 词
序数词的用法
1. 序数词前通常有定冠词 the,其后接单数名词。 如:the fourth floor 四楼
2. a/ an+ 序数词 + 名词,表示“又一,再一”,内含顺序性。 如:We’ll go over it a second time.我们将再检查一遍。
3. 序数词可以用来表示日期。 如:December12th, 2023 2023 年 12 月 12 日
4. 世纪用序数词表达,前边用介词 in。 如:in the 20th century 在 20 世纪
5. 形容词性物主代词 + 序数词 + 名词。 如:English is my first class in the timetable today. 英语是我今天课程表上的第一节课。
专题五 数 词
对点集训
1. The ________ (nine) Asian Winter Games will be held in 2025 in Harbin.
2. In the twelve Chinese animal signs, the Dragon is the ________ (five) in order.
3. I cooked a bowl of noodles for my grandmother on her ________ (ninety) birthday.
4. This is our ________ (three) school year in junior high school, and we are going to leave school soon.
ninth
fifth
ninetieth
third
专题五 数 词
名称 用法 示例
分数 分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1 时,分母加-s。 基数词与序数词之间可加“-”,也可不加。 1/5 one fifth;
5/7 five sevenths, five-sevenths
百分数 表示百分数时,直接将基数词放在单词percent 前即可。 twenty percent百分之二十;
thirty -five percent百分之三十五
注意:分数和百分数作主语时,应用以下结构:分数/百分数+of+限定词+名词/代词,其谓语动词与 of后的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 ■考点三 分数和百分数的用法
专题五 数 词
语境练习
根据句意及提示写单词。
1. Chinese painting is one of the oldest forms of painting in the world. Chinese artists __________ (one) began painting more than two __________ (thousand) years ago, and painters in China are still using many of the same methods today.
2.[2024·江苏宿迁改编]I live on the __________ (six) floor of this building and have a good view of Luoma Lake.
3. Three __________ (five) of the students in our class like playing basketball.
first
thousand
sixth
fifths
专题五 数 词
4.[2024·四川达州改编]__________ (million) of foreign tourists visit China every year.
5.[2024·四川遂宁]Tomorrow is Linda’s ________ (nine) birthday. Let’s buy some gifts for her.
6. December is the __________ (twelve) month of a year.
7. In our school, we usually do eye exercises __________ (two) a day.
Millions
ninth
twelfth
twice(共36张PPT)
定义 代词,即代替名词、短语或句子的一种词,大多数具有名词和形容词的功能。
人称代词


物主代词
主格(I, you, she, he, it, we 等)
宾格(me, you, her, him, it, us 等)
反身代词
形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, our 等)
名词性物主代词(mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours 等)
(myself, yourself, themselves 等)
指示代词(this, that, these, those 等)
专题四 代 词
不定代词


普通不定代词(some, any, few 等)
复合不定代词(anyone, nothing 等)
构成特殊疑问句:who, what 等;引导从句时,称为连接代词(引导宾语从句:who,what, whom, which 等)
疑问代词
专题四 代 词
专题四 代 词
■考点一 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
人称代词
1. 人称代词的主格、宾格,表格如下:
单数 复数 一 二 三 一 二 三
主格 I you she, he, it we you they
宾格 me you her, him, it us you them




专题四 代 词
2. 人称代词的用法
类别 位置 成分 例句
主格 动词之前 主语 I think he has a ping -pong ball. 我认为他有一个乒乓球。
宾格 动词、介 词之后 宾语或表语 You can ask him for the dictionary. 你可以找他要那本字典。
专题四 代 词
物主代词
1. 物主代词可以分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,表格如下:
形容词性 名词性
单数 一 我的 my mine
二 你的 your yours
三 他的 his his
她的 her hers
它的 its its



类型
词义
专题四 代 词
续表
复数 一 我们的 our ours
二 你们的 your yours
三 他(她、它)们的 their theirs
专题四 代 词
2. 物主代词的用法
类别 成分 例句
形容词性 物主代词 定语 My birthday is on May 2nd.我的生日在 5 月 2 号。
名词性物 主代词 主语 This isn’t your book. Yours is on the table. 这不是你的书。 你的在桌子上。
宾语 Tom’s bike is broken. He is using mine. 汤姆的自行车坏了。 他现在在用我的。
表语 The green bag is hers. 这个绿色的包是她的。
专题四 代 词
反身代词
1. 反身代词的表格如下:
单数 复数
第一人称 myself ourselves
第二人称 yourself yourselves
第三人称 himself/ herself/ itself themselves

人称
专题四 代 词
2. 反身代词的用法
成分 位置 例句
宾语 动词之后 Did you hurt yourself playing soccer
你踢足球时伤到自己了吗?
介词之后 The driver didn’t think about himself.
司机没有考虑他自己。
表语 系动词之后 I am not myself today. 我今天不在状态。
同位语 名词或代词之后或句末 You had better ask the driver himself.
你最好问司机本人。
专题四 代 词
3. 反身代词的固定搭配
dress oneself 自己穿衣
keep sth. to oneself 保密
prove oneself 证明自己
help oneself to... 随便吃/ 喝些……
enjoy oneself 过得愉快;玩得开心
by oneself 独自
teach oneself 自学
come to oneself 苏醒
专题四 代 词
hurt oneself 伤害自己
not feel/ be myself 感觉自己不舒服; 感到自己状态不佳
look after oneself 照顾自己
say to oneself 自言自语
make oneself at home 别拘束
believe in oneself 相信某人自己
专题四 代 词
对点集训
1. —Whose schoolbag is this
—Linda likes black very much. It may belong to ________ (she).
2. My dream is to be a pilot. What about ________ (you), Judy
3. He often worked very hard without resting or taking care of ________ (he).
4. —Oh, I forgot to bring ________ (I) ruler.
—Don’t worry. I can share mine with you.
her
yours
himself
my
专题四 代 词
用法 例句
表示近指和 远指 this/ these 用 于指 时 间或空 间上较近的事物 I like this bag better than that one over there. 比起那边的那个包,我更喜欢这个。
that/ those 用于指时间或空间上较远的事物 用于打 电话 that 询问对方 —Who’s that 你是谁?
—This is Mike speaking. 我是迈克。
this 介绍自己 ■考点二 指示代词
专题四 代 词
续表
用于比较 级 结构中 that 用于代替前面 提 到 的不 可数 名 词或 可 数名词单数,避免重复,但是不能用 this The population of Henan is larger than
that (=the population) of Jilin. 河南的人口比吉林的多。
those 只能代替前 面 提 到的 复数名词 The nights in winter are longer than those (=the nights) in summer. 冬天的夜比夏天的夜长。
专题四 代 词
对点集训
1. Because of the cold weather, the students in Heilongjiang have a longer winter holiday than ________ in Guangdong.
2. I guess the population of India will be larger than ________ of China in the future.
those
that
专题四 代 词
■考点三 不定代词
不定代词分为普通不定代词和复合不定代词。
1. 初中阶段常见的复合不定代词
词根 -one (指人) -body (指人) -thing
(指物)
some (肯定) someone 某人 somebody 某人 something
某事;某物
any (否定/ 肯定) anyone 任何人 anybody 任何人 anything
任何事
专题四 代 词
续表
every (肯定) everyone 每个人 everybody 每个人 everything
每件事;一切
no (否定) no one 没有人 nobody 没有人 nothing
什么都没有
专题四 代 词
2. 复合不定代词的用法
(1) 由 some 和 any 构成的复合不定代词的区别与some 和 any 的区别基本相同。 someone, somebody, something 通常用于肯定句;anyone, anybody, anything 通常用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句。 但如果要在疑问句中表示请求、建议等意思或期望得到肯定回答时,需要用 somebody, someone 或 something。 如:
Would you like something to drink 你想要一些喝的东西吗?
nobody = not anybody, nothing = not anything。 如:
There isn’t anything in the fridge. = There is nothing in the fridge. 冰箱里什么也没有了。
专题四 代 词
(2)当形容词或 else 修饰复合不定代词时,形容词或 else 必须放在复合不定代词之后。 如:
There is something interesting in the book. 这本书里有一些有趣的东西。
(3)复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语,不能作定语。作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。如:
Somebody is speaking in the empty house. 有人在那个空房子里说话。
专题四 代 词
3. 复合不定代词的常用句型
(1)There is something wrong with... 意为“……出问题了”。 如:
There is something wrong with the car. 这辆汽车出问题了。
(2) ... has something/ nothing to do with... 意为“……与……有/ 无关”。 如:
The case has nothing to do with me. 这件事与我无关。
(3)sb. can do nothing but... 意为“某人什么也不能做,只能……”。 如:
We can do nothing but wait. 我们什么都不能做,只能等待。
专题四 代 词
4. 常考的易混淆的普通不定代词的辨析
一般情况下,对普通不定代词的考查以 both,either, neither, all, none 和 any 的辨析为主,也涉及 a few, few, a little 和 little 的辨析。 对于普通不定代词的辨析, 考生需要掌握各个代词的基本用法。 下面列举常见的普通不定代词的辨析。
专题四 代 词
(1)both, either 与 neither
相同点 均用于两者 不同点 both 指“两者都”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数 。
常用搭配 :both...and... ……和……都
either 指“两者中的任意一个”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
常用搭配:either... or... 或者……或者……,要么……要么……
neither 指“两者都不”,作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
常用搭配:neither...nor... 既不……也不……
专题四 代 词
(2)all 与 none
相同点 均用于三者或三者以上 不同点 all 指“三者或三者以上都”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数
none 指“三者或三者以上都不/ 没有一个”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数
(3) a few, few, a little 与 little
肯定意义 否定意义 所跟名词
a few 一些,几个 few 几乎没有 可数名词复数
a little 一点 little 几乎没有 不可数名词
专题四 代 词
(4)many 与 much
相同点 均意为“许多”
不同点 many 用于修饰可数名词复数
much 用于修饰不可数名词
专题四 代 词
(5)some 与 any
相同点 均可修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词,表示“一些”,即不确定的数量、数目 不同点 some 一般用于肯定句中;也可用于提出建议或者请求的疑问句中,表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答
any 多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中,用于肯定句时表示“任何(一个/ 一些)”
专题四 代 词
(6) each 与 every
代词 each every
用法 作主语、宾语、同位语或定语 只能作定语
强调个体 强调整体
指两者或两者以上的 人 或 事 物 中 的“每一个” 指三者或三者以上的 人 或 事 物 中 的“每一个”
后可加“of+名词/ 代词” 后不可与 of 搭配
each 和“every+名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式 专题四 代 词
(7)another, other, the other, others 与 the others
词(组) 含义及用法 固定搭配
another 再一个;另一个(泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的另一个) one another 相互
other 别的(泛指,可修饰名词)
the other 另一个(特指,两者中的另一个) one... the other...一个……另一个……
专题四 代 词
续表
others 其余的,别的(泛指,表示除去一部分后的另一些,但不是剩下的全体) some... others...一些……, 另一些……
the others 其余的,别的(特指,指一定范围内除去一部分后,剩余的全部人或物)
专题四 代 词
对点集训
1. I am hungry. I would like to have a________ bowl of rice noodles.
2. —Green tea, white tea or black tea, which is your favorite
—I’m between a rock and a hard place. A________ of them have their special tastes.
3. —Excuse me, is e________ here right now
—Yes, we have checked the number.
4. The summer holiday is coming and Amy decides to do s________ important.
5. Jack is proud of his two sons because b________ of them are excellent.
nother
ll
veryone
omething
oth
专题四 代 词
疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。 疑问代词有下列几个:what, who, whose, which, whatever, whichever, whoever等。 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有词性和数的变化,除 who 之外也没有格的变化。 what, which, whose 还可作限定词。
代词 用法
who 作主语、表语、宾语
whom who 的宾格形式,作动词或介词的宾语
whose who 的所有格形式,作主语、表语、宾语、定语
■考点四 疑问代词
专题四 代 词
续表
what/ who what 询问某人的职业
who 询问某人的身份、姓名
what/ which what 指不定数目中的“哪一个;哪些;什么”,没有范围的限定
which“哪一个;哪一些”,指在一定范围内特指的人或物
专题四 代 词
对点集训
1.“The umbrella is in the corner of the room for weeks. ________ is it ”asked the monitor.
2. —Tell me, Grandma. ________ is your favorite person in the world
—That’s easy! It’s you.
Whose
Who
专题四 代 词
语境练习
Ⅰ. 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.[2024·甘肃兰州]—Is Tom at home
—He’s not here. Can I take a message for ________ (he)
2.[2024·黑龙江]We enjoyed ________ (our) at Zhaolin Park last Sunday.
3.[2024·天津改编]When ________ parents went away on business, I looked after ________. (I)
him
ourselves
my
myself
专题四 代 词
4.[2024·河北改编]—Mary, is this your sister’s smartwatch
—No, ________ (she) is pink.
5.[2024·福建改编]Using AI tools in the right way can help ________ (we) to work better.
hers
us
专题四 代 词
Ⅱ. 短文填空。
I was an eighth-grader without ever really learning how to read. I had no confidence and was afraid of being laughed at. Luckily, an amazing teacher appeared.
After asking 1. __________ (I) to read aloud in class, Ms. Powell noticed my nervousness. She quickly let 2. a__________ student do the task and asked me if she could take me to the nurse’s office, saying that I looked a little pale. Even though I was not sick, I followed her.
I couldn’t read, so I never had the confidence to make friends. I always worried
someone would find 3. __________ out. I was happy being nobody.
Ms. Powell never knew reading was a challenge for 4. __________ (she) husband
me
nother
it
her
专题四 代 词
until two weeks before he passed away. She promised to teach him but he told her,“Teach 5. s__________ who really needs you.” She looked for that person for some time.
Then she asked a little girl to read and discovered her problem. That girl was me.
Meeting me in the hallway, she said, “I’m here to help solve 6. __________ (you) problem.” Shamefully, I told her I couldn’t read. “There is no need to feel ashamed,” she said. She promised me that efforts could solve my problem. Over the course of the next year, Ms. Powell spent it teaching me. It was difficult, but through many tears I could finally read.
Ms. Powell brought me out of my lonely world and my life improved.
omeone
your(共19张PPT)
专题十 构 词 法
合成法



概念:即把两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词。
派生法
概念:又叫词缀法,即在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀,从而构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词的方法。
常见构成方式:名词+名词;副词+动词;名词+形容词;形容词+名词;介词+名词
分类
前缀 ——表示否定、重复、时间等
后缀 ——名词、形容词、副词后缀
专题十 构 词 法
转化法



概念:把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
缩略法
概念:即把原有的词汇通过缩短,在读音和写法上呈现新的形式。
分类:
分类:剪切法、混成法、首字母缩略语
常见转化:名词→动词;形容词→动词;形容词→名词;
动词→名词
专题十 构 词 法
1. 合成法
合成法,即把两个或两个以上独立的单词合成新词。 合成法可以构成名词、形容词等。
类型 构成 例词
复合名词 名词+名词 classroom 教室;football足球
名词+动名词 handwriting 书写;笔记
名词+动词 sunrise 日 出 ;daybreak破晓
动词+名词 playground 操场
形容词+名词 blackboard 黑板
专题十 构 词 法
复合名词 副词+动词 overcome 克服
副词+名词 outside 外部
介词+名词 overcoat 大衣
复合形容词 名词+形容词 homesick 想家的
名词+过去分词 handmade 手工制作的
形容词+分词 good-looking 好看的
副词+分词 hard-working 勤勉的
续表
专题十 构 词 法
复合 动词 名词+动词 sightsee 观光
副词+动词 oversleep 睡过头
复合 副词 副词+副词 however 无论如何
介词+名词复数 indoors 在室内
代词+名词 sometimes 有时
复合代词 不定代词+名词 anything 任何事物
续表
专题十 构 词 法
2. 派生法
派生法,又叫词缀法,即在一个单词前面或后面加上前缀或后缀,构成新的单词。
前缀 例词 表示 否定 un- 形容词 happy → unhappy 不高兴的;lucky → unlucky 不幸的
副词 happily → unhappily 不开心地;unlucky → unluckily 不幸地
dis- 形容词 honest → dishonest 不诚实的
动词 appear → disappear 消失;like → dislike 不喜欢;
cover → discover 发现
专题十 构 词 法
续表
表示 否定 dis- 名词 comfort → discomfort 不舒服
mis- 动词 understand → misunderstand误解
im- 形容词 possible→impossible不可能的
formal → informal 非正式的
in- ir- regular → irregular 不规则的
il- legal → illegal 非法的
non- profit→nonprofit 非盈利的
专题十 构 词 法
续表
表示重复 re- 动词 build → rebuild 重建;write → rewrite 重写
表示“使” en- 动词 large → enlarge 扩大;danger → endanger 危及
a- 形容词 sleep → asleep 入睡的;live → alive 活着的
inter- 形容词 national → international 国际的
表示“……的” net → internet (=Internet) 互联网
表示相互 名词 表示时间 mid- 名词 night→midnight 午夜,半夜
专题十 构 词 法
后缀 例词 名词 后缀 -er hunt → hunter 猎人;read → reader 读者
-or act → actor 演员;invent → inventor 发明家
-ress wait → waitress 女服务员;act → actress 女演员
-ese China → Chinese 中国人;Japan → Japanese 日本人
America → American 美国人;Australia → Australian 澳大利亚人
-an piano → pianist 钢琴家;type → typist 打字员
-ist -ment move → movement 运动;disappoint → disappointment 失望
专题十 构 词 法
名词 后缀 -ion graduate → graduation 毕业;relate → relation 关系
-ship friend → friendship 友谊;relation → relationship 关系
-hood child → childhood 童年;neighbor → neighborhood 街区
-th warm → warmth 温暖;young → youth 年轻人
wise → wisdom 智慧;king → kingdom 王国
-dom write → writing 写作;learn → learning 学习
-ing -ness good → goodness 善良;tired → tiredness 疲劳
续表
专题十 构 词 法
形容 词后 缀 -able/ -ible comfort → comfortable 舒适的;sense → sensible 明智的
-al education → educational 教育的
-ic/ -cal history → historic 有历史意义的;practice → practical 实际的
-ish fool → foolish 愚蠢的;child → childish 孩子气的
care → careful 小心的;help → helpful 有帮助的
-ful care → careless 粗心的;use → useless 无用的
-less -ly friend → friendly 友善的;love → lovely 可爱的
续表
专题十 构 词 法
形容词后缀 -en wood → wooden 木制的;wool → woolen 羊毛制的
-y fog → foggy 有雾的;sleep → sleepy 想睡的
-ous humor → humorous 幽默的;danger → dangerous 危险的
-ed interest → interested 感兴趣的;bore → bored 感到无聊的
interest → interesting 令人感兴趣的;bore → boring 令人无聊的
-ing bad → badly 糟糕地;successful → successfully 成功地
副词后缀 -ly 续表
专题十 构 词 法
3. 转化法
英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作名词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
转化 例词
名词转化为动词 film 电影 → film 拍电影
动词转化为名词 cook 烹饪 → cook 厨师 smell 闻起来 → smell 气味
taste 尝起来 → taste 味道;品味
形容词转化为名词 daily 日常的 → daily 日报 Japanese 日本的 → Japanese 日本人
专题十 构 词 法
形容词转化为动词 open 开着的 → open 打开 clean 干净的 → clean 打扫
wet 潮湿的 → wet 使潮湿
副词转化为动词 down 向下 → down 打倒;击倒
续表
专题十 构 词 法
4. 缩略法
缩略法是把原有的词汇通过缩短,在读音和写法上呈现新的形式。 缩略法构词主要有以下几种:
(1)剪切法
剪切法的含义是从某个词的完整形式中删除一个或多个音节。 如:
airplane → plane 飞机 examination → exam 考试
(2)混成法
混成法是由两个词混合或紧缩而成为一个复合词的方法。 这种复合词都保留了原来两个词中各一部分,其后半部分表示主体,前半部分表示属性。 如:
breakfast + lunch → brunch 早午餐 smoke + fog → smog 烟雾
专题十 构 词 法
(3)首字母缩略语
大量的缩略语是其所含各个单词的第一个字母或多个字母构成的, 由这种方式构成的词叫作首字母缩略语。 首字母缩略语分为两类: 按首字母拼读的缩略语和像单词一样拼读的缩略语。 如:
World Trade Organization → WTO 世界贸易组织
专题十 构 词 法
语境练习
Ⅰ. 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Sometimes they strongly ________ (agree) with each other, so they need to communicate more often.
2. In Zhuhai Park, you can enjoy the natural beauty, or ________ (simple) breathe the fresh air.
3. He had a serious ________ (ill) and became blind.
4. Going to the dentist is a ________ (pain) experience for most people.
5. With the ___________ (develop) of the country, his hometown has changed better and better.
disagree
simply
illness
painful
development
专题十 构 词 法
Ⅱ. 短文填空。
Today I’d like to share one common habit of some successful people with you. It’s reading.
Shahrukh Khan comes from India. He is a well-known 1. __________ (act) and producer. He once said, “I love reading. I often go to bookstores and bring a bagful of books when I come back home.”
Bill Gates, the 2. __________ (found) of Microsoft, believes that every book teaches him something new and helps him see things 3. __________ (different).
actor
founder
differently
专题十 构 词 法
J.K. Rowling is known for the Harry Potter books. She once said she lived for books. She dreamed of becoming a 4. __________ (write), so she spent a lot of time reading books.
Not only these famous people but many other 5. __________ (success) people love reading. So I’d love to advise all of you to read books, which will help you learn different things about life and improve 6. __________ (you).
writer
successful
yourselves(共31张PPT)
定义 形容词描述人或事物的性质、特征、状态或属性,主要用来修饰名词或部分代词。 副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,说明事件发生的时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。
专题三 形容词和副词
专题三 形容词和副词
形容词






副词
构成
作表语、定语、宾语补足语
“the+形容词”表示一类人
形容词和
副词的比
较等级
作状语、表语、宾语补足语
时间副词、方式副词、程度副词、地点副词、频度副词等
比较等级的用法
原级、比较级、最高级、比较级形式表达最高级含义等
规则变化
不规则变化
专题三 形容词和副词
■考点一 形容词
形容词的用法:
(1)作定语,通常位于所修饰的名词之前,复合不定代词之后。 如:
Li Bai was a famous poet in Tang Dynasty. 李白是唐朝著名的诗人。
There must be something wrong with my computer. It doesn’t work. 我的电脑一定出问题了。 它不运转了。
(2)作表语,位于系动词之后。 如:
It’s my first time to speak in public, so I feel nervous. 这是我第一次在公共场合讲话,所以我感到紧张。
专题三 形容词和副词
(3)作主语/ 宾语补足语,说明主语或宾语的性质、状态、特征等,常接形容词作补足语的动词有 make, find, think, keep 等。 如:
I think my new teacher kind and patient. 我认为我的新老师和蔼又有耐心。
(4)作状语,表示原因、伴随或结果等。 如:
Ill and weak, David can’t attend this meeting. 生病且虚弱,大卫不能来参加这次会议。
(5)“the+形容词”表示一类人。 如:
the wise 智者 the old 老人 the young 年轻人 the sick 病人
专题三 形容词和副词
对点集训
1. AI systems play an important role in ________ (现代的) society.
2. As long as you enjoy your life, you will find life is ________ (wonder).
3. The flower cake is a kind of ____________ (tradition) food in Kunming.
4. In China, ________ (初级的) and secondary education takes 12 years to complete.
5. Jack turned the music up as loud as it could be to keep himself ________ (wake).
modern
wonderful
traditional
primary
awake
专题三 形容词和副词
1. 副词的用法:作状语、表语、宾语补足语。
2. 中考常见的副词分类
(1)常见以-ly 结尾的副词:
■考点二 副 词
carefully 仔细地 clearly 清楚地
luckily 幸运地 unluckily 不幸地
angrily 愤怒地 certainly 无疑;肯定
quietly 安静地 probably 可能
专题三 形容词和副词
nervously 焦急地 proudly 自豪地
suddenly 突然 quickly 快速地
finally 最后,终于 slowly 缓慢地
probably 可能,或许 badly 差,拙劣地
续表
专题三 形容词和副词
(2)其他常见副词:
分类 用法及例词
时间副词 表明时态。有:ago, before, today, yesterday,tomorrow, now, soon, later 等。
地点副词 表示地点或位置,其前不加介词。 有:away,abroad, back, home, there, outside, indoors,down, up 等。
方式副词 用来说明行为方式,常由“形容词+ly”构成。 有:carefully, politely, loudly, quickly,slowly 等。
程度副词 描述动作、行为或状态的程度的副词。有:very, little, much, nearly, almost, quite 等。
专题三 形容词和副词
分类 用法及例词
频度副词 表示频率。有:always, usually, often, sometimes, never, seldom 等。
疑问副词 引导特殊疑问句。 有:when, where, why,how, how many, how much, how long, how often, how old, how far 等。
连接副词 用于连接句子或从句。 有:besides, therefore, however 等。
续表
专题三 形容词和副词
对点集训
1. The weather report says it may rain, ________ (probable) you should bring an umbrella with you.
2. Without glasses, he couldn’t see the words on the blackboard ________ (clear).
3. On Water Splashing ( 泼 ) Festival, people splash water on each other ________ (happy) to give the best wishes.
4. Time waits for no man, so we should use our time ________ (wise).
probably
clearly
happily
wisely
专题三 形容词和副词
■考点三 形容词和副词的比较等级
1. 形容词和副词比较等级的构成
(1)形容词比较等级的规则变化如下表:
类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节 词和少 数双音 节词 直接在词尾加-er, -est young tall younger taller youngest
tallest
以不发音的字母 e 结尾的加-r, -st nice large nicer larger nicest
largest
专题三 形容词和副词
续表
单音节词和少数双音节词 以重读闭音节结尾 ,且末尾只有一个辅音字母, 则双写这个辅音字母,再加-er,-est big fat hot bigger fatter hotter biggest
fattest
hottest
辅音字母加y 结尾,变 y为i,再加 -er,-est happy easy healthy happier easier healthier happiest
easiest
healthiest
多音节词和部 分双音节词 在原级前加more, most careful more careful most
careful
专题三 形容词和副词
(2)形容词、副词比较等级的不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/ well better best
bad/ badly/ ill worse worst
many/ much more most
least
less little oldest/ eldest
older/ elder old farthest/ furthest
farther/ further far 专题三 形容词和副词
2. 形容词和副词的比较等级用法
(1)原级的用法
功能 主要结构 例句
说明人或事物自身的性质、特征或状态时用形容词原级 形容词原级 The flowers in the garden are
beautiful. 花园里的花很漂亮。
有表示程度的副词 so, too, enough等修饰时用形容词原级 形容词原级 The boy is too young. 这个男孩太年轻了。
专题三 形容词和副词
表示 A 与 B 在某一方面程度相同或不同时用原级 肯定句中的结构:A...+as+原级+as+B English is as interesting as Chinese.
英语和汉语一样有趣。
否定句中的结构 :A... +not +as/ so +原 级 +as+B Huang Lei isn’t as/ so good at tennis as Larry. 黄雷不像拉里那样擅长网球。
表示“A 是 B的……倍”时,用“A...+倍数+as + 原级 +as +B”结构 Our school is three times as big as theirs. 我们学校是他们学校的三倍大。
“A... + half +as+原级+as +B”表示“A+是B 的一半……” Her room is half as big as yours.
她的房间是你的房间的一半大。
续表
专题三 形容词和副词
(2)比较级的用法
主要结构 例句
A+be+比较级+than+B There are many people who are less lucky than us.有很多人没有我们幸运。
主语+be+比较级+than any other + 可数名词单数 He is taller than any other boy in his class. 他比他班里的其他任何一个男生都高。
主语+be+比较级+than the other+可数名词复数 He is taller than the other boys in his class. 他比他班里的其余的男生都高。
专题三 形容词和副词
“Who/ Which +be + 比较级, A or B ”表示两者之间进行选择:“谁/哪一个更……?” Who is taller, Li Ming or Wang Tao
谁更高,李明还是王涛?
“主语+be+the + 比较级+of the two...” 表示“两者之间较 ……的一个 Mary is the taller of the twins.
玛丽是这对双胞胎中较高的那个。
表示“越来越……”时,用“比较级+ and + 比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词用“more and more + 形容词原级” It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring. 春天天气正在变得越来越暖和。
Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的家乡正在变得越来越漂亮。
续表
专题三 形容词和副词
表 示“越 …… , 就越……”时,用“the+比较级, the+比较级”结构 The healthier we are, the happier we’ll be.
我们越健康,我们就会越幸福。
有表示程度的副词(词组) a lot, even 等修饰时,用形容词的比较级 I feel even worse now.
现在我甚至感觉更糟糕了。
It is a lot colder today than before.
今 天比 以前冷多了。
“A+动词+倍数+比较级+than+B”表示“A 比B 多……倍” My house is three times bigger than yours. 我的房子比你的大三倍。
续表
专题三 形容词和副词
(3)最高级的用法
主要结构 例句
主语 +be +the + 最高级+of/ in+比较范围 He is the tallest of the three boys. 他是三个男孩中最高的。
表示“最……的……之一”时,用“主语+be+one of +the+最高级+可数名词复数”结构 It is one of the most moving pieces of music that I’ve ever heard. 这是我听过的最令人感动的音乐之一。
专题三 形容词和副词
表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时,用“Which/ Who +be+the+最高级, A, B or C ”结构 Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou 哪个城市最漂亮,北京、上海还是福州?
表示“……中第几最……”时,用“the +序数词+最高级+可数名词单 数形式 + 其他”结构 It is the second tallest tower in the world. 这是世界上第二高的塔。
续表
注意:形容词最高级前可以用形容词性物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰,但不能再加定冠词 the,限定词只能用一个。 副词最高级前的定冠词 the 可省略。 如:She is my best friend. 她是我最好的朋友。
专题三 形容词和副词
对点集训
1. Life is full of the unexpected so we need to hope for the best, but prepare for the ________ (bad).
2. Robin became ________ (wealth) but had fewer friends than before.
3. Asking questions is one of the ________ (easy) ways to lead you to active learning.
4. The dish you made today is much ________ (salty) than before. You’d better add some water and recook it.
worst
wealthier
easiest
saltier
专题三 形容词和副词
语境练习
Ⅰ. 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.[2024·北京改编]What a lovely reading room! It’s one of the ________ (nice) in our school.
2.[2024·甘肃兰州]It is very ________ (use) to be able to speak a foreign language.
3.[2024·黑龙江牡丹江改编]If you learn more about safety rules, you will be much __________ (safe).
nicest
useful
safer
专题三 形容词和副词
4.[2024·江苏无锡改编]Jim has gone to bed This is very _________ (usual). He always stays up late.
5. The AI technology is ________ (rapid) changing all the time.
unusual
rapidly
专题三 形容词和副词
Ⅱ. 完形填空。
When my new neighbor moved in, I didn’t dare to meet her as I was shy. But at the same time I hoped that one day I would meet her because she seemed so nice.
One day my neighbor told my mum that she was having a barbecue. My mum told me and I said I would go. I told myself that this would 1 be the only chance I would have to get to meet her. So I threw away my fear and went 2 . We really had a great time during the barbecue because she was so 3 that I kept laughing all the time.
专题三 形容词和副词
One day I decided to make her some jelly (果冻). And after I gave it to her, I ran back to the house 4 because I was still a bit shy. I 5 sent the jelly I made to others so I didn’t know if my jelly was welcome. But the next day she told me the jelly was really 6 . I was so happy to know she liked it and I decided to make her some chocolate a few days later. This time I didn’t run away. Instead I stood in front of the door smiling. As time went by, we became good friends and we always played together in our 7 time.
It seems that we like to set up the obstacles (障碍) for ourselves every time before we decide to do something or to change something. But once you take the first step, you will find that it will be 8 for the next step, then the next. Just start doing it!
专题三 形容词和副词
( )1. A. exactly B. probably C. specially D. actually
( )2. A. happily B. sadly C. nervously D. patiently
( )3. A. serious B. active C. humorous D. lazy
( )4. A. quietly B. slowly C. quickly D. normally
( )5. A. always B. usually C. sometimes D. hardly
( )6. A. delicious B. beautiful C. awful D. comfortable
( )7. A. free B. busy C. funny D. tired
( )8. A. difficult B. serious C. easy D. strange
B
A
C
C
D
A
A
C
专题三 形容词和副词
Ⅲ. 短文填空。
Passage 1
Niejiazhuang Village in Weifang is famous for colored clay sculpture handicraft (泥塑手工艺), which dates back to the Ming Dynasty. The Weifang government has encouraged local people to learn 1. __________ (tradition) handicraft and make more money to get rid of poverty (脱贫).
Nie Peng is a young villager in Niejiazhuang. He is crazy about clay sculpture handicraft. He began learning it from his father when he was a child. He has led lots of young craftsmen (手艺人) in and near his village to make colored clay sculptures and
traditional
专题三 形容词和副词
the handicraft has become an important way for local people to get 2. __________
(rich) than before.
The tiger is a typical subject for colored clay sculptures. Nie started to learn to make clay tigers in 2010, the Year of the Tiger. Over these years, he has seen the development of the art form. At first, the clay tigers were all of the same small size. Now there are tigers of different sizes and the 3. __________ (large) can be over two meters tall. The tigers used to be colored pink and green, but now have become more 4. __________
(color).
richer
largest
colorful
专题三 形容词和副词
Today Nie cares for the future of clay sculpture handicraft and encourages young craftsmen to create more works. He 5. __________ (real) hopes that the sculpture handicraft will be passed down to the next generation.
really
专题三 形容词和副词
Passage 2
I have two friends. One is Lisa, and the other is Jenny. I am the 1. __________ (old) of three. I often look after them like an old sister. And Jenny is 2. __________ (tall) than Lisa.
This summer holiday, I invited them to my grandpa’s house to enjoy the 3. __________ (peace) country life. We tried specials in a local restaurant. Lisa said that it was the 4. __________ (good) restaurant that she had ever known. We also saw the Yellow River — the second 5. __________ (long) river in China. At night, while watching the stars in the sky, Jenny said, “I have never seen a 6. __________
(beautiful) sky! ”
oldest
taller
peaceful
best
longest
more beautiful
专题三 形容词和副词
We always learn from each other and make ourselves become 7. __________ (excellent) than before. We believe that the 8. __________ (much) we trust and help each other, the better we will be.
more excellent
more(共29张PPT)
定义 连词是用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子的一种虚词。根据性质可以分为并列连词(短语)和从属连词(短语)两种。
专题七 连 词
并列连词


表并列 and, both... and..., not only... but also...等
表转折 but, while 等
表选择 or, either... or...等
表因果 so, for 等
从属连词
专题七 连 词
引导时间状语从句 when, while, until, since, before, after, as soon as 等
引导原因状语从句 because, since, as 等
引导条件状语从句 if, unless, as long as 等
引导目的状语从句 so that, in order that 等
引导让步状语从句 although/ though, even though/ if, whether, whatever 等
引导结果状语从句 so... that..., such... that...
从属
连词
引导状语
从句
专题七 连 词
■考点一 并列连词
1. 并列连词
连词 含义及用法 例句
and 意 为“和 , 并且”,表并列或顺承关系 I have a headache and I can’t move my neck. 我头疼并且我的脖子不能动了。
用于“祈使句,and + 陈述句”结构 John, work hard, and you will make much progress. 约翰,努力学习,你就会取得很大的进步。
专题七 连 词
but 意为“但是”,表转折关系;不能 与 though,although 连用 I don’t have a soccer ball, but my brother Alan does. 我没有足球, 但我哥哥艾伦有一个。
or 意为“或者”,表示任选其一 Only two percent of the students watch TV twice or three times a week. 只有2%的学生一周看电视两到三次。
意为“否则”,用于“祈使句,or + 陈 述 句 ”结构 Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. 快点儿,否则你就赶不上火车了。
续表
专题七 连 词
so 意为“所以,因此”,表因果关系,不 能 与 because, since, as 连用 The other planes were full so I had to wait till the next day. 其他飞机(的乘客)都满了,所以我不得不等到第二天。
for 意为“因为”,连接并列句,表示客观原因 I cannot tell whether she is old or young, for
I have never seen her. 我看不出她是年轻还
是年老,因为我从未见过她。
续表
专题七 连 词
while 意为“而,然而,却”,往往连接内容和结构对称的 两个部分,表示前后意义上的对比或转折 She is tall, while her sister is much shorter.
她很高,而她的妹妹要矮得多。
续表
专题七 连 词
2. 复合并列连词
复合并列 连词 含义 例句
neither... nor... 既不…… 也不…… Neither medicine nor rest can help him. 药和休息都不能帮助他。
either... or... 或者…… 或者…… Either you or he is wrong. 不是你错了,就是他错了。
not only... but also... 不但…… 而且…… This method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. 这种 方法不仅残忍,而且对环境有害。
专题七 连 词
both... and... ……和…… People say that tea is good for both health and
business! 人们认为茶对健康和生意都有好处!
续表
专题七 连 词
对点集训
1.[2024·黑龙江]We must get up at 7:00 tomorrow morning, ________ we’ll be late for the train.
2.[2024·辽宁大连]Let’s meet at the gate of the park. You can ________ go by bus ________ take a taxi.
3. —Peter, why not play football after school
—I’d love to, ________ I have to finish my homework first.
4. Jack knew nobody in the new city, ________ he felt very lonely.
5.[2024·天津]In autumn, the weather gets cooler ________ the green leaves start to turn gold.
or
either
or
but
so
and
专题七 连 词
■考点二 从属连词
1. 引导时间状语从句
从属连词 含义及用法 例句
when 意为“当……时候”。从句谓语动词可以是延续性动词,也可以是非延续性动词。 It was raining when she arrived
at the station. 当她到达车站时,
正在下雨。
while 意为“当……时”。while 引 导 的 从 句中,谓语动词必须是 延续性动词,且常用进行时态。 Don’t make any noise while others
are reading. 别人读书时不要制造
任何噪音。
专题七 连 词
before 意为“在……之前”。表示某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。 I must read a book before I can watch TV. 我可以看电视之前必须先读一本书。
until/ till 意 为“直 到 …… ” 。常用在“not... until”结 构 中 , 表 示“直 到……才”。 He didn’t appear until the meeting
had begun. 直到会议开始他才露面。
续表
专题七 连 词
after 意为“在……之后”。指的是以某一时间为起点的一段时间之后。 I coughed for days after I ate that ice
cream. 吃了那个冰激凌 之后我咳
嗽了好几天。
since 意为“自……以来”。主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。 He has lived here since he was 10.
他从十岁起就住在这里。
as 意为“当……时”。 表示一件事情正在发生,另一件事情也在进行中, 通常只用于一般过去时。 As time passed, things seemed to get better. 随着时间的流逝,事情似乎变好了。
续表
专题七 连 词
as soon as 意为“一……就……”。引导的从句常用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。 I will give you a call as soon as I arrive home. 我一到家就给你打电话。
续表
专题七 连 词
2. 引导原因状语从句
从属 连词 含义及用法 例句
because 意为“因为”。 表示直 接 的 原 因或理由, 而不是推断的原因, 着重点在从句,常用于回答 why引导的问句,不能与 so 连用。 I often exercise at the park because I love the clean air and sunshine. 我经
常在公园里锻炼,因为我喜欢新鲜
的空气和阳光。
专题七 连 词
续表
since 意为“既然,因为”。表示人们已知的事实或不需要强调的原因, 通常放在句首。 since 引导的从句是次要的,重点强调的是主句的内容。 Since he can’t answer the question, we’d better ask someone else. 既然他不能回答这个问题,我们最好还是问别人吧。
专题七 连 词
续表
as 意为“由于;因为”。与 since 用 法 差 不多, 所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显, 或已为听话人所熟悉而不需要用because 加 以强调。 as 引导的从句与主句具有同等的重要性。 Mother began to worry about my brother as it was getting darker. 由于天越来越黑,妈妈开始为我的哥哥担心。
专题七 连 词
3. 引导条件状语从句
从属 连词 含义及用法 例句
if 意为“如果”。 if 引导的条件状语从句 ,从 句 用 一 般 现 在时,主句用 一般将来时。 If she comes, she will call me in advance. 如果她来,她会提前给我打电话。
unless 意为“除非, 如果不”。 unless 可以转化为 if... not...结构, 主从句时态与 if 用法一致。 You will forget it unless you use it. 你如果不使用它就会忘记。
专题七 连 词
as long as 意为“只要”。 遵循“主将从现”原则。 You will certainly succeed as long as you keep on trying. 只要你一直尝试,你必定会成功。
续表
专题七 连 词
4. 引导目的状语从句of 的用法辨析
从属 连词 含义及用法 例句
so that 以便于 They sped up so that/ in order that they could get there on time. 为了能够按时到达那里,他们加快了速度。
in order that 为了 专题七 连 词
5. 引导让步状语从句of 的用法辨析
从属 连词 含义 用法 例句
though 虽然 引导让步状语从句时,不能与but 同 时使用。 Although Istill make lots of mistakes, it doesn’t worry me as it used to. 尽管我 仍 然 会 犯 很 多
错误,但我不像以前那样焦虑了。
although 尽管 even if/ even though 尽管, 即使 专题七 连 词
疑问 词-ever 系列 无论 相 当 于“no matter + 疑问词”。 Whatever/ No matter what you do, you
should do it well. 不管你做什么事,
都要做好。
续表
专题七 连 词
6. 引导结果状语从句
从属 连词 含义及用法 例句
so... that 如此……以至于…… so+形容词或副词+that;
so+形容词+a/ an+可数名词
such... that 如此……以至于…… such+a/ an+形容词+可数名词单数+that;
such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词+that
专题七 连 词
【注意】在含时间状语从句和条件状语从句的复合句中,主句和从句的时态问题一般有以下三种情况:
用法 例句
主将从现(主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时) When I get to senior high school, I will join the school swim team. 当我上高中的时候,我将会加入校游泳队。
主祈从现 (若主句 是 祈 使 句 ,或主句中有情态动词时,从句用一般现在时表将来) Be careful when you cross the road. 当你过马路时要小心。
You can get good grades if you study hard. 如果你努力学习,你就能取得好成绩。
专题七 连 词
续表
since 引导的时间状 语 从 句 , 主句一般用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时 How have you changed since you started junior high school 自从你开始上初中后,你是怎样变化的呢?
专题七 连 词
对点集训
1.[2024·江西]Oh, I get it — you want me to do all the work _________ you sit at home doing nothing.
2.[2024·吉林改编]Bob watches the news every night _________ he wonders what’s going on around the world.
3. I usually sleep with the window open _________ it’s really cold at night.
4. Tom didn’t go to bed _________ his mother came back last night.
while
because
unless
until
专题七 连 词
语境练习
短文填空。
although after but and
Du Leying is the heroine of the movie YOLO (《热 辣 滚 烫 》). She used to be a lazy 1. __________ outgoing girl who always lay on the sofa. For ten years after graduating from university, she had been staying at home and depending on her parents. 2. __________ she experienced several challenges, her life turned into its darkest moment. She had a fight with her family. Sad 3. __________ upset, she didn’t laugh
any more. Instead, she cried a lot. She decided to move out and start to make a living
but
After
and
专题七 连 词
by herself finally. She got a job as a waitress at a barbecue restaurant. There, she met Hao Kun, a boxing coach and tried boxing. Hao Kun once told Leying what
his dream was and how he worked for it. Leying was greatly moved by it. 4. __________ she was a waitress, she decided to take part in a boxing competition. She spent a year training hard, successfully lost 50 kg, and went to the competition. Standing on the boxing field, Leying challenged herself, proving to us that it’s never
too late to change and take control of your own life.
Although
专题七 连 词
as and until if because
Would you like to start your day with a cup of tea 5. __________ the answer is yes, you may have the same habit as many people. You may not know how popular tea is.
Among all kinds of drinks, tea is one of the top two choices. People like it 6. __________ it is good for their health. Tea is mainly produced in Asian countries
like China 7. __________ India. Chinese people started to drink tea as early as 5,000 years ago. At that time, people made tea in a simple way. They just put fresh tea leaves into hot water. Tea wasn’t introduced into Europe 8. __________ the early 17th century. And now it has become popular in Europe and America.
If
because
and
until
专题七 连 词
People there like to drink tea with sugar or milk in it. 9. __________ the number of tea drinkers increases, tea business is getting more important than before.
As(共50张PPT)
定义 介词表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系。 介词是虚词,不能独立充当句子成分。
专题六 介 词
介词的
基本用法


时间介词:on, in, at, after, before...
方位介词:on, in, at, over, under...
方式介词:with, on, by, in
其他常见介词的用法:about, as, among, during...
介词与名词的搭配
介词与副词的搭配
介词与形容词的搭配
其他介词短语
介词短语及固定搭配
专题六 介 词
■考点一 时间介词
1. 辨析 on, in, at, by 与 to
介词 用法 示例
on 用于具体某一天或某一天的早、中 、晚 前 , 星期或节日前 on August 1st在 8 月 1 日
on the evening of June 18th 在 6 月 18 日晚上
on the second Sunday在第二个星期日
on Children’s Day在儿童节
专题六 介 词
in 表示一段时间,用于年、月、世纪、季节等之前 in May 在五月
in the twenty-first century在 21 世纪
泛指在上午、下午、晚上 in the morning 在早上
in the afternoon 在下午
at 用于具体的时间点或正午、午夜前 at 6:00 在六点
at noon 在正午
at night 在晚上
续表
专题六 介 词
by 表示最迟在某一时刻或某一日期之前 by next Monday下周一之前
by this afternoon今天下午之前
by now 到现在为止
to 表示时间范围,通常与 from 连用,意为“从……到……” from 5:00 to 9:00从 5 点到 9 点
from Monday to Friday从周一到周五
续表
专题六 介 词
2. 其他常见的时间介词
介词 用法 示例
after 与将来时连用,表示“……之后”,后接时间点 He’ll arrive at the airport after 4 o’clock.
他将在四点钟后到机场。
与过去时连用,表示“……之后”,后接时间段 I received the letter after two days.
我两天后收到了这封信。
before 表示“在……之前” Could you come homebefore nine
你能在九点之前回家吗?
专题六 介 词
since 表示从过去某时往后,后接时间点或时间段,用于完成时 We haven’t seen each other since three
years ago. 自三年前以来,我们就从未见过彼此。
for 表示动作延续一段时间,后接时间段 I have studied in this school for two years.
我在这所学校读书两年了。
during “在……期间”,与 表示一段特定时间的名词连用 during the night在夜间
during my stay inAustralia 我在澳大利亚逗留期间
续表
专题六 介 词
from “从,自……起”,说明开始的时间 He was blind from birth. 他天生失明。
until/ till 用于否定句中,意为“直到……才……” I’m really tired because I worked until
midnight last night.我真的很累,因为我昨晚工作到半夜。
through 表 示“从 头 到尾 ”, 强 调 事 件发生的全过程 The children are too young to sit through the film. 这些孩子年纪太小,电影没结束就坐不住了。
续表
专题六 介 词
对点集训
1. Good books are like sunshine for me _______ rainy days.
2. Our school library opens _______ 8 a.m. on weekdays.
3. I left school _______ 2020, and I’ve lived in London since then.
4. _______ the evening of June 21, 1992, something mysterious happened in the town.
5. He understood his parents more after working in the field _______ the summer holiday.
6. Everything starts to grow _______ spring. It is the season of new and beautiful beginnings.
7. Can you come and meet me _______ Friday I’ll be away early Friday morning.
on
at
in
On
during
in
before
专题六 介 词
■考点二 方位介词
1. on, in, at 与 to 的用法辨析
介词 用法 例句
on 与 …… 表面相接触 on the table 在桌上
在任何广阔的面上 on the farm 在农场
与线的接触 ,意为“濒临 ”“紧挨” Wuhan stands on the Yangtze River. 武汉坐落于长江边上。
专题六 介 词
in 在较大的地方(国家、 城市、乡镇、水域等) in the city 在城市, in China 在中国, in Asia在亚洲, in Sichuan 在四川
在周围的环境是立体(即四面八方都有东西环绕)的地方 in a forest 在森林 , in the classroom 在教室,in his schoolbag 在他的书包里
at 用于较小的场所(建筑物、公 共场所等) at home 在家,
at the station 在车站
to 表示两地隔海相望 Korea lies to the east of China. 韩国位于 中国东部。
续表
专题六 介 词
2. over 与 above 的用法辨析
介词 用法 例句
over 在 …… 正上方,表示两者不接触,垂直 There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。
above 在 …… 的上方,表示两者不接触, 不一定垂直 The plane is flying above the city. 飞机在城市上空飞行。
专题六 介 词
3. under 与 below 的用法辨析
介词 用法 例句
under 在 …… 正下方,表示两者不接触,垂直 She sat very still underthe tree. 她在树底下静静地坐着。
below 在 …… 的下方,表示两者不接触,不一定垂直 Our classroom is two floors below theirs. 我们的教室比他们的低两层 。
专题六 介 词
4. before 与 behind, in front of 与in the front of 的用法辨析
of 的用法辨析
词(组) 用法 例句
before 在……前面 The White Mountains rose up before me. 怀特山耸立在我面前。
behind 在……后面 She heard footsteps behind her. 她听到背后有脚步声。
in front of 在 ……(外部的)前面 The bus stops right in front of our house. 公交车就停在我们的房子前面。
I sit in the front of the classroom. 我坐在教室的前面。
在 ……(内部的)前面 in the front of 专题六 介 词
5. near, beside, by 与 next to 的用法辨析
of 的用法辨析
词(组) 用法 例句
near 在……附近 My home is near the school. 我家在学校附近。
beside 在……旁边 Come and sit beside me.过来坐在我旁边。
by 在…… 旁边,靠近 ,与 beside 同义 The teacher is standing by the window. 老师站在靠近窗户的地方。
He lives in a flat next to a bookshop. 他住在书店旁边的一套公寓里。
紧靠…… , 紧挨着…… next to 专题六 介 词
6. between 与 among 的用法辨析
介词 用法 例句
between 在 …… 之间(两者) I sat down between Joe and Diana. 我坐在乔和戴安娜中间。
among 在 …… 之间(三者或三者以上) It’s so popular among boys nowadays. 现在这在男孩之中很流行。
专题六 介 词
7. across, past 与 through 的用法辨析
介词 用法 例句
across 从表面“穿过”,从一边到另一边 When you walk across the street, you should be careful. 当你过马路时,应当小心一点。
past 在另一边;到另一侧,经过 He just walked straight past us. 他与我们擦肩而过。
through 从内部“穿过”,常指从 立体的空间或障碍物穿过,如管道、森林、门、窗等 Sunshine cast through the forest on the ground. 阳光穿过森林照在地面上。
专题六 介 词
8. into, onto, out of 与 off 的用法辨析
介词 用法 例句
into 表 示“进 入 ;到……里面 The boy threw a stone into the river. 那个男孩把一块石头扔进河里。
onto 表示“到另一个平面上” The man helps Danny onto the elephant. 那个男人帮丹尼骑上了大象。
专题六 介 词
out of 表示“从……中出来” The students rushed out of the classroom excitedly. 学生们兴奋地冲出了教室。
off 表示“脱离某一地方” He took his book off the desk. 他把书从书桌上拿开。
续表
专题六 介 词
对点集训
1. Chongqing is a wonderful city which lies _________ the southwest of China.
2. There is a lot of litter _________ the floor. Please clean it up.
3. Let’s meet _________ the bus stop after school and then go home together.
4. You should go _________ (cross) the bridge if you want to see the tigers.
in
on
at
across
专题六 介 词
■考点三 方式介词
辨析 with, on, by 与 in
介词 用法 举例
with 用具体的东西,后接表示工具或身体部位的词 with the letters 用这些字母
with the knife 用小刀
with your hand 用你的手
on 通过,用 on the radio 通过收音机
on newspapers 通过报纸
专题六 介 词
by 用……手段或方式 , 后接动名词 by writing to parents 通过给父母写信
by listening to music 通过听音乐
in 用语言、声音、原材料等 in English 用英语
in a low voice 低声地
续表
专题六 介 词
注意:by, in 与 on 表示交通方式的用法区别
1. 用 by 时,交通工具前不加任何限定词。 如:
Jenny goes to school by bike. 珍妮骑自行车去学校。
2. 用 on 或 in 时,交通工具前加限定词。 如:
by bike=on a bike;by car=in a car
专题六 介 词
对点集训
1. Tina has improved a lot in English ________ listening to some English songs and stories.
2. We usually accept a gift _______ both hands in China.
3. —How did you get to the zoo, Helen
—I went to the bus station _______ my bike, and took the No. 1 bus to the zoo.
by
with
on
专题六 介 词
■考点四 其他常见介词
1. about
(1) 意为“关于, 对于”。 如:Last month we asked our students about their free time activities. 上个月我们询问了学生们休闲活动的情况。
(2)意为“大约,大概”。 如:At about two o’clock, it got very cloudy and we worried it would rain. 大约在两点左右,天空中乌云密布,我们担心会下雨。
2. as
(1)意为“作为,以……身份”。 如:
He went to China as a tourist five years ago. 他五年前以游客的身份来到中国。
专题六 介 词
(2)意为“像,如同,跟……一样”。 如:
She describes herself as a reporter. 她把自己描述得如同一位记者。
(3)用于固定搭配中。 如:
as a result 因此;as if/ though 似乎,好像
3. against
(1)意为“反对,违背”,其反义词为 for。 如:
I’m sorry he is against your ideas. 我很抱歉他反对你的观点。
(2)意为“对抗,和……竞争”。 如:
Our team will play against yours this afternoon. 今天下午我们队将和你们队比赛。
专题六 介 词
4. from
(1)意为“由……制成(看不出原材料)”。 如:
Steel is made from iron. 钢是由铁制成的。
(2)意为“(时间)从……开始”,常与 to 连用,表示“从……到……”。 如:The shop is open from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. 商店从早上八点到晚上七点营业。
(3)意为“来自”。 如:Where are you from 你来自哪里?
(4)用在固定搭配中。 如:
be different from与……不同;learn from 从……中学习
专题六 介 词
5. for
(1)意为“(表对象、用途等)给,对,供”。 如:
There is a letter for you. 这儿有给你的一封信。
(2)意为“帮助,为了”。 如:
I have to study for a math test. 我必须为数学考试而学习。
(3)意为“因为,由于”。 如:
The town is famous for its food. 这个城镇以它的食物而著名。
(4)表示一段时间。 如:
He is going away for a few days. 他要离开几天。
专题六 介 词
6. in
(1)表示“在(范围或空间内)的某一点”。 如:
I read the news in the newspaper. 我在报纸上读到的这条新闻。
(2)表示“进入”。 如:
She got in her car and drove off. 她进入她的汽车里,并且(把车)开走了。
(3)意为“穿着,戴着”。 如:
She was in black. 她穿着一身黑衣服。
7. into
(1)意为“到……里面;进入”。 如:Come into the house. 进屋里来吧。
(2)意为“撞上”。 如:I rushed into the tree. 我撞上了这棵树。
专题六 介 词
8. of
(1)意为“属于(某人);关于(某人)”,表示所属关系。 如:
the son of my teacher 我老师的儿子
(2)表示“计量、时间或年龄”。 如:2 kilos of potatoes 两公斤马铃薯
(3)表示对某人的行为发表看法。 如:
It is very kind of you to offer me so much. 给我提供这么多,你真的太好了。
专题六 介 词
9. over
(1)意为“在……上”。 如:
She put a blanket over the sleeping child. 她在熟睡的孩子身上盖了一条毯子。
(2)意为“从一边到另一边;穿越”。 如:
They crossed over the river. 他们穿过了这条河。
(3)意为“遍及”。 如:all over the world 全世界,全球
(4)意为“(在数量、时间、花费上)多于,超过”。 如:
He is over sixty. 他六十多岁了。
专题六 介 词
10. to
(1)意为“向,朝,对着”。 如:
The book dropped to the floor. 书掉到了地板上。
(2)用于固定搭配中。 如:
to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是;look forward to 期望;be used to do sth. 被用于做某事;be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
专题六 介 词
11. with
(1)意为“有;具有”。 如:a girl with a red hat 戴着红帽子的女孩
(2)意为“和……在一起,和,同”。 如:
I fed the chickens with my grandpa. 我和爷爷一起喂鸡。
(3)意为“随着,由于”,表伴随。 如:
With the rapid development of science and technology, we live better and better.
随着科技的迅速发展,我们生活得越来越好。
专题六 介 词
12. without
(1)意为“没有,缺乏”。 如:
People can’t live without air. 没有空气人们不能生存。
(2)意为“不和……在一起,无……相伴”。 如:
Don’t go without me. 别丢下我就走。
(3)意为“不用,不拿”。 如:
Can you see it without glasses 不用眼镜你能看见它吗?
(4)意为“不(做某事),无”。如:
He left without saying anything. 他没说什么就走了。
专题六 介 词
13. beyond
意为“超出,超过;非……所能及”。 如:
The scenery there was beautiful beyond expression. 那儿的风景美丽得无法形容。
专题六 介 词
1. A person ________ courage and confidence is usually not afraid of challenges.
2. I want to do something ________ the poor kids.
3. Teenagers should learn more ________ traditional culture.
4. Carol said he couldn’t have won the Best Actor ________ his wife’s support.
with
for
about
without
专题六 介 词
■考点五 介词的固定搭配与介词短语
1. 介词与名词的搭配
at+名词 at breakfast 在吃早餐;at work 在工作;at birth 出 生 时 ;at noon 在 中 午 ;at present 现在;at times 有时;at home 在家;at the age of 在……岁;at the end of 在……的最后
in+名词 in danger 在危险中;in surprise 吃惊地;in silence 沉默地;in a hurry 匆忙地;in a minute 立刻, 马上;in person 亲自;
in the future 在将来
专题六 介 词
on+名词 on business 出差;on fire 着火;on duty值日;on show 展示,陈列;on vacation 度假;on foot 步行;on time 准时;on purpose故意地;on the Internet 在互联网上
under+名词 under control 处 于 控 制 中 ;under discussion 在讨论中;under the influence of 在……的影响下
by+名词 by accident 偶 然 ;by chance 偶 然 ;by hand 用 手 工 ;by mistake 错 误 地 ;by turns 轮流
续表
专题六 介 词
with+名词 with difficulty 困难地;with fear 害怕地;with pleasure 愉快地
out of+名词 out of control 失去控制;out of danger 脱离危险;out of date 过时
续表
专题六 介 词
2. 介词与形容词的搭配
be+形容词+at be good at 擅长;be mad at 对……生气 ;be angry at 对 …… 感 到 生 气 ;be surprised at 对……感到吃惊
be+形容词+for be known for 以……闻名;be good/ bad for 对……有好/坏处;
be ready for 为……做好准备;be late for 迟到;be thirsty for渴望;be sorry for 对……感到抱歉
be+形容词+in be interested in 对……感兴趣;be weak in 不 擅 长 ;be rich in 富 有 …… ;be talented in 在……有天赋
专题六 介 词
be+形容词+of be afraid of 害 怕 ;be full of 充 满 ;be proud of 为……感到骄傲;be fond of 喜欢……;be tired of 厌烦……
be+形容词+to be harmful to 对……有害;be friendly to 对……友好;
be similar to 和……相似
续表
专题六 介 词
be+形容词+with be busy with 忙于……;be angry with生……的气;be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格;be popular with 受到……的欢迎;
be pleased with 对……感到满意;be good with 善于应付……;be patient with 对……有耐心
be+形容词+ about be worried about 对……感到担忧;be excited about 对……感到兴奋;be crazy about 对……着迷
续表
专题六 介 词
3. 介词与动词的搭配
at look at 看;laugh at 嘲笑;arrive at 到达;shout at 冲……喊
about think about 考 虑 ;worry about 担 心 ;talk about 谈论;care about 关心;hear about 听说
for look for 寻找;ask for 要求;pay for 为……付款;wait for 等待;leave for 动身去;care for 照顾
from come from 来自;hear from 收到……来信;learn from 向……学习;die from 死于……;stop/ keep/ prevent... from doing... 阻止……做……
专题六 介 词
of dream of 梦想;think of 想起;hear of 听说;die of 死于
to listen to 听;talk to 和……交谈;get to 到达;write to 给……写信;stick to 坚持
with agree with 同意;begin/ start with 以……开始;help sb. with... 在……方面帮助某人;deal with 处理;fill... with 用……填满……;cover... with... 用……覆盖
其他 look like 看起来像;look after 照看;knock into 撞上;arrive in 到达
续表
专题六 介 词
4. 其他介词短语
because of 因为 according to 根据
opposite to 与……正相反 across from 在……对面
instead of 代替;而不是 after all 毕竟;终究
from now on 从现在起 thanks to 幸亏
with one’s help 在某人的帮助下 at least 至少
along with 连同 as usual 像往常一样 such as 例如
to begin with 首先 as a result of 由于
专题六 介 词
except for 除了 once upon a time 从前
together with 和……一起 all of a sudden 突然;猛地
first of all 首先 once in a while 偶尔地;间歇地
专题六 介 词
对点集训
1. It’s seven o’clock in the morning. Many people are waiting _______ buses.
2. You’ve all grown up so much and I’m so proud _______ you.
3. I haven’t heard _______ my pen pal for months.
4. I will continue to keep in touch _______ my new friends after the trip.
5. My mother always pays attention _______ the weather before travelling.
6. We went home late because we bought a birthday cake _______ our way home.
for
of
from
with
to
on
专题六 介 词
语境练习
Ⅰ. 用适当的介词填空。
1.[2024·北京改编]The Chang’e -6 landed on the far side of the moon ________ June 2, 2024.
2.[2024·河南]It tells us that we should be proud __________ who we are, even if we don’t look or feel like everyone else.
3.[2024·河北改编]Lin Ming stood at the school gate and waited _________ his sister.
on
of
for
专题六 介 词
4.[2024·山西]During our preparation for zhong_x0002_kao, we might get the bitter (苦的) chocolate. The bitterness comes from many things, __________ getting up early, doing all kinds of exercises and so on.
5.[2024·山东日照]A new railway is being built __________ Rizhao and Qingdao.
between
like
专题六 介 词
Ⅱ. 短文填空。
Nowadays, more and more people like to travel in their holidays. I have read a report 1. __________ the ways people spend their holidays. It is reported that 2. __________ recent years several new holiday habits have developed. 3. __________ them, the most interesting one is the growth of holiday camps.
From the report we can see that, in 1990, forty percent 4. __________ people stayed at home for their holidays. However, now the percentage has fallen to nine percent. More people go out 5. __________ fun. People enjoy the fresh air, clean water and green hills when they go camping in places far 6. __________ the city. In 1990,
about
in
Among
of
for
from
专题六 介 词
thirty-eight percent of people enjoyed going to the seaside. However, in 2002 only twenty-seven percent were interested 7. __________ going there. What great changes!
Why have those changes taken place I think there are several reasons. First, it’s because people can afford to travel. Second, people prefer to live a high-quality and colorful life. Third, their attitudes (态度 ) to relaxation have greatly changed. Fewer and fewer people want to save much money 8. __________ living a simple life.
in
by(共6张PPT)
专题九 感 叹 词
定义 感叹词是表示感情而非真实意义的词,用于表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。感叹词可以独立存在,与句子没有语法上的联系。
分类



打招呼,引起注意,表示惊讶,表示停顿,表示赞叹
位置和用法
感叹词不能作句子成分,但在句子中表示强烈的喜怒哀乐情绪或感情,除感叹词本身外,还有一些其他词类也可用作感叹词
专题九 感 叹 词
1. 常用感叹词的分类
分类 例词 例句
打招呼 hi, hello Hi, how are you
嗨,你好吗?
引起注意 hey, hello Hello Is anybody here
喂? 有人在吗?
表示惊讶 ah, dear, eh, hello, hey, oh, well Oh! What a good idea! 哦! 好主意!
专题九 感 叹 词
续表
表示停顿 eh, hmm, uh, um Lima is the capital of... um... Peru. 利马是……嗯……秘鲁的首都。
表示赞叹 fantastic, wonderful, amazing The little girl can speak three languages. Amazing!
这个小女孩会说三种语言。真令人吃惊!
专题九 感 叹 词
2. 感叹词的位置
(1)位于句首,用逗号或感叹号隔开。 如:
Hey, is this your schoolbag 嘿,这是你的书包吗?
(2)位于句子中间,前后用逗号隔开。 如:
I remember the hat was bought, well, at the end of last summer. 我记得这顶帽子是在去年夏末买的。
(3)位于句尾。 如:
My father bought me a new bike. Wonderful! 父亲给我买了一辆新的自行车。 太棒了!
专题九 感 叹 词
3. 感叹词的用法
(1)感叹词不能作句子成分,但在句子中表示强烈的喜怒哀乐情绪或感情。
多位于句首, 也可位于句中或句尾。 如:
hurrah(表示高兴等的呼喊声),ah(表示痛苦、愉悦、遗憾、惊讶等),alas(表示同情、悲伤或遗憾)。
专题九 感 叹 词
(2)除感叹词本身外,还有一些其他词类也可用作感叹词。
名词:Action! (行动! );Fire! (着火了! );Heavens! (天啊! );Thief! (有贼! )等。
动词:Help! (救命! );Listen! (听! );Look!(看! );Stop! (停! 站住! )等。
形容词:Quick! (快! );Great! (好! 妙! );Wonderful! (妙极了! )等。
代词:You! (你/你们! )等。(共19张PPT)
专题八 冠 词
定义 冠词放在名词前面,帮助说明名词所指的人或物。
不定冠词 a/ an


常考基本用法:泛指某一个;表示“一个;每一;又一,再一”;表示类指等。(更多用法见考点一)
a 和 an 的区别:a university, an hour
含有不定冠词的固定搭配:have a look, take a break, make a decision 等
专题八 冠 词
定冠词 the


常考基本用法:
双方都知道的人或事物前
含有定冠词的固定搭配:by the way, all the time, in the middle of 等
零冠词的
基本用法
一日三餐、球类运动等。(更多用法见考点三)
序数词或形容词最高级前
西洋乐器之前。(更多用法见考点二)
专题八 冠 词
■考点一 不定冠词 a, an
1. 不定冠词 a/ an 的基本用法
用法 示例
用于第一次提到的某人或某物前 It’s a watch. 这是一块手表。
泛指某一类人或事物中的一个或一类 Bill is a doctor. 比尔是一名医生。
用于序数词前, 表示“又一;再一” I tried a second time. 我又试了一次。
a knife and fork 一副刀叉
用于可视为一个整体的两个名词前 表示“每一”, 相当于every Take this medicine three times a day.
这种药每天服用三次。
专题八 冠 词
续表
用于某些固定词组中 take a photo 拍照
表示数量“一” There is a bridge over there.那有一座桥。
用于物质名词前,如coffee, tea, rain, snow, wind 等,表示“一杯”“一场”“一块”等 I need a cup of coffee. 我需要一杯咖啡。
用于抽象名词前,表示一个具体情况或一次具体动作 Don’t let a failure stop you from trying a new idea in the future. 不要让一次失败阻
止你在未来尝试新的想法。
专题八 冠 词
【拓展】
含有不定冠词的固定搭配
(1)动词+不定冠词+名词
make a face 做鬼脸;make a living 谋生;make a speech 做演讲;
make a mistake 犯错;make an apology 道歉;make a decision 做决定;
have a look 看一看;have a try 试一试;have a cold 感冒;
have a rest 休息;pay a visit 拜访;give sb. a hand 帮助某人;
take a photo 拍照;take a break 休息一下;keep a diary 记日记
(2)其他
twice a day/ week/ month/ year 一天/ 周/ 月/ 年两次;
a few 几个;a little 一点儿; lot of 许多;a kind of 一种;
专题八 冠 词
a number of 许多;in a sense 在某种意义上;
in a word 总而言之;in a moment 立刻,一会儿;
in a hurry 匆忙地;half an hour 半小时;
as a result 因此;for a while 一会儿;
after a while 过一会儿;all of a sudden 突然地
2. 不定冠词 a, an 的区别
a 用于以辅音音素开头的单词前,an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前。 下面将常见的以元音字母开头的单词用 a 还是 an 的情况归纳如下:
专题八 冠 词
A a an artist/ an aunt/ an Asian country/ an American girl
E e a European country/ an egg/ an eight-year-old boy/ an eleven-year-old girl
I i an idea/ an interesting story
O o an old man/ an outgoing girl
U u useful book/ a university student/ a UFO/ a usual story;
an umbrella/ an ugly man/ an unusual story/ an unhappy boy
特别 记忆 an hour/ an honest man/ an honor
以元音音素开头的字母:a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x
专题八 冠 词
对点集训
1.[2024·西藏改编]Zhan Tianyou is ________ engineer and he is called the“Father of China’s Railroad”.
2. [2024·吉林改编]There is ________ river near our school. We never throw rubbish into it.
3.[2024·黑龙江改编]—Shenzhou-18 with three astronauts was sent up on April 25th, 2024. It’s such ________ exciting event.
—Yes. And the astronauts are our heroes. I want to be ________ useful person like them.
4. I want to be ________ scientist like Qian Xuesen when I grow up.
an
a
an
a
a
专题八 冠 词
■考点二 定冠词 the 的用法
定冠词 the 用于不可数名词、可数名词单复数前,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物。
用法 示例
用于双方都知道的人或物前 You can read the introduction to get some useful information.你可以阅读序言来获得一些有用的信息。
上文提到过的人或物 There was a man in the hotel. The man looked very tired. 旅馆里有一个男人。 那个男人看上去很疲惫。
指一类人或事物 Young people should respect the old. 年轻人应该尊敬老人。
专题八 冠 词
续表
用 在 与 play 连用的西洋乐器名称前 play the piano/ guitar/ violin/ drums 弹钢琴/ 弹吉他/ 拉小提琴/ 打鼓
用在世界上独一无二的事物前 The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
用在序数词或形容词最高级前 the first time 第一次;the biggest 最大的
用在姓氏的复数形式前,表示一家人或夫妇 the Greens 格林一家/ 夫妇
专题八 冠 词
续表
用在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前,或由普通 名词构成的专有名词之前 the Great Wall 长城;
the Summer Palace 颐和园
用于表示方位的名词前 Beijing lies in the east of China. 北京位于中国东部。
专题八 冠 词
【拓展】含有定冠词的固定短语/ 搭配
in the end 最后;by the way 顺便说一下;
all the time 一直;on the other hand 另一方面;
at the age of 在……岁时;
at the same time 同时;
in the middle of 在……的中央;
the day before yesterday 前天;
in the morning/ afternoon/ evening 在上午/ 下午/ 晚上
专题八 冠 词
注意:有无 the 含义不同的词组
at school 上学 at the school 在学校
at table 吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁
by sea 乘船 by the sea 在海边
go to bed 上床睡觉 go to the bed 朝床边走去
in front of 在……(外部的)前面 in the front of 在……(内部的)前面
in future 从今以后 in the future 在未来
in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院
专题八 冠 词
对点集训
1.[2024·甘肃白银改编]I bought a new computer last weekend. ________ computer is made in China.
2. Linda often plays ________ piano after school.
The
the
专题八 冠 词
■考点三 零冠词的基本用法
用法 举例
在一日三餐、 球类运动、语言、学科、棋类、游戏名词前 have supper 吃晚饭;play football 踢足球;
learn English 学英语;play chess 下棋
在与 by 连用的交通工具名称前 by train 乘火车;by bus 乘公共汽车
人名、地名、街道名、城市名、州、省、机场以及公园、节日等专有名词前 Wangfujing Street 王府井大街;
Baiyun Airport 白云机场;
Teachers’ Day 教师节
专题八 冠 词
续表
季节、月份、星期前 on Sunday 在星期天;in January 在一月;
in summer 在夏天
名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词或名词所有格修饰时 this book 这本书;my son 我的儿子 ;my brother’s bike 我弟弟的自行车
某些固定词组或习惯用法中 on foot 步行;day and night夜以继日;by mistake 错误地;at first 起初;
on holiday 度假;on time 准时;
on business 出差
专题八 冠 词
在不可数名词和复数名词前,表泛指 Bread is made from flour.
面包是用面粉做的。
续表
专题八 冠 词
语境练习
用适当的冠词填空。
I’m 1. __________ eco-counsellor (环保顾问) at my school. It’s 2. __________ job I have been doing for 6 months. I’m responsible for making sure that our school does as much as it can for our environment. There are six other students who do 3. __________ same job as me in our group. We have 4. __________ meeting every two weeks, and we discuss what we can do to reach our goal.
We encourage students to do something for 5. __________ environment. Activities are organized every month. For example, last month we made 6. __________ plan to stop students from littering. We put up posters around our school and 7. __________
an
a
the
a
the
a
the
专题八 冠 词
leader of our group gave a speech in the school assembly (全校师生大会). It has
already worked, and now we can hardly ever see any rubbish on 8. __________ floor in the school.
This month we plan to get students to play 9. __________ role in recycling. We have now got different bins for glass, paper and plastics in every classroom. If we all use the bins, our school will become 10. __________ better place. I will keep on working and try my best to make our school cleaner than before! And I believe I can
do more meaningful things for our planet in the future.
the
a
a(共25张PPT)
定义 名词是指用来表示人或事物名称的词。
专题一 名 词
可数名词及其单、复数 &不可数名词


规则变化:girl→girls; bus→buses
不规则变化:man→men; sheep→sheep; child→children
不可数名词所表示的事物不能直接用数来计量,没有词形变化
可数
名词
不可数名词
专题一 名 词
名词
所有格


-’s 所有格
名词的词性转换
名词→形容词;名词→动词;名词→名词
一般情况(包括单数名词和词尾不以-s 结尾的复数名词)加-’s 构成所有格
以-s 结尾的复数名词在其后加-’构成所有格
of 所有格:一般用于无生命的名词,表示所属关系
双重所有格:of+名词所有格;of+名词性物主代词
专题一 名 词
■考点一 可数名词及其单、复数 & 不可数名词
可数名词指能用具体数字记数的名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示单个人或事物的名词,有单复数的变化)和集体名词(表示若干个体组成的集合体,本身表示复数概念,其谓语动词多为复数)。不可数名词指不能用具体数字记数的名词。 不可数名词分为物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词。
专题一 名 词
1. 可数名词与不可数名词的区分
可数 名词 ①有单数和复数两种形式。
②可用基数词、不定冠词(a/ an)、代词
等修饰。
不可数 名词 ①没有复数形式,作主语时,谓语为单
数形式。
②表示数量时,要用量词修饰和限定。
专题一 名 词
2. 可数名词变复数的规则变化与不规则变化
规则变化 不规则变化
①一般情况下在词尾加-s ②在以 s, x, ch, sh 等结尾的词后加-es ③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,先变 y 为 i,再加-es ④以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,加-s ⑤以 ce, se, ze, ge 等结尾的名词,加-s ①单复数同形,如:deer→deer, sheep→sheep
②元音字母变替,如:man→men,
woman→women,foot→feet
③词尾发生变化,如:child→children,
mouse (老鼠)→mice
专题一 名 词
续表
⑥以 f(e) 结尾的名词,一般变 f(e) 为 v,再加-es ⑦以 o 结尾的名词,初中阶段 涉 及 到 的 除 tomato, potato 和 hero 是加-es 外,其他都是加-s ④只有复数形式的名词,如:trousers, glasses, scissors, clothes, shorts
专题一 名 词
3. 复合名词变复数的规则
复合名词的种类 变化规则
中间没有连字符也没 有间隔的复合名词/ 单个单词的复合名词 遵循一般的名词复数变化
规则。 最后一个词变成复
数。如:birthday→birthdays
中间有连字符或间隔的复合名词 主要的词 变成复 数 。如 :pencil box →pencil boxes
由 man 或 woman 构 成的复合名词 两部分均 变成复 数。如 :man teacher →men teachers
专题一 名 词
4. 加 s 与不加 s 意义不同的名词
goods 货物 waters 水域 greens 青菜
fishes 各种鱼 manners 礼貌 times 时代
looks 外表 drinks 饮料 sands 沙滩
papers 文件 airs 风度 brains 脑力
专题一 名 词
5. 不可数名词的量
不可数名词主要是物质名词和抽象名词,这类名词没有复数形式,也不能和不定冠词连用。 如:some bread 一些面包。 不可数名词的数量用“计量词+of”来表示,常见的计量词有 piece, kilo, bag, glass, cup 等。
a/ an+计量词
大于 1 的基数词+计 +of+不可数名词
量词(复数形式)
如:a cup of tea 一杯茶 a bottle of water 一瓶水
a piece of music 一首乐曲 two pieces of advice 两条建议
专题一 名 词
6. 可数名词和不可数名词的常用修饰词
(1)可数名词的修饰词
修饰词 these, those, few, a few, many, a good many, a great many, a good/ great number of
示例 a few friends 几个朋友(表示肯定)
few friends 几乎没有朋友(表示否定)
a good many friends 很多朋友
专题一 名 词
【注意】a good many, a great many 后直接接名词,但是如果该名词前有 the, my 等限定词修饰,就要用 of。 如:
a great many friends 许多朋友 a great many of my friends 我的许多朋友
(2)不可数名词的修饰词
修饰词 little, a little, much, a great deal of, a large amount of
示例 a little money 一点儿钱(表示肯定)
little money 几乎没钱(表示否定)
a great deal of time 许多时间
专题一 名 词
(3)既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词的修饰词
修饰词 some, all, enough, a lot of, lots of, plenty of
示例 some time 一段时间(修饰不可数名词)
some books 一些书(修饰可数名词)
专题一 名 词
对点集训
1. Delicious traditional Chinese snacks have won the hearts and ________ (stomach) of all the foreigners coming to China.
2. How much is a kilo of _____________ (strawberry)
3. In order to let more people know Chinese culture, a growing number of ________ (museum) are free for the public.
4. We are supposed to brush ________ (tooth) before going to bed.
5. Thanks to the ________ (soldier) that are called “the Most Lovely People”, we Chinese can live a peaceful life.
stomachs
strawberries
museums
teeth
soldiers
专题一 名 词
■考点二 名词所有格
类型 构成方法 示例
单数名词 一般在词尾加-’s Jack’s room 杰 克 的房间
单数名词 以-s 结尾的名词加-’s 或-’ ten minutes’ ride 十分钟的路程
three years’ hard work 三年的努力工作
名词所有格表示人或物的所属关系,分为-’s 所有格、of 所有格和双重所有格三种。
1. -’s 所有格
专题一 名 词
续表
复数名词 以-s 结尾的加-’ ten minutes’ ride 十分钟的路程
three years’ hard work 三年的努力工作
不 以 -s 结 尾 的加-’s children’s books 儿童书籍
复合名词 在最后一个词的词尾加’s his mother -in -law’s car 他的岳母的车
【注意】如果两个名词并列,且分别有’s,则表示“分别有”;只有一个’s,则表示“共有”。 如:
John’s and Mary’s rooms(两间) John and Mary’s room(一间)
专题一 名 词
2. of 所有格
(1)of 所有格主要用于表示无生命事物的名词,其结构为“of+名词”。 如:
a map of China 一张中国地图
(2)有时, of 所有格可以与-’s 所有格互换。 如:
the school’s rules=the rules of the school 学校规章制度;校规
专题一 名 词
3. 双重所有格
双重所有格表示整体中的一个或一部分。 其用法如下:
构成方法 示例
of+-’s 所有格 a friend of my mother’s
我妈妈的一个朋友
of+名词性物主代词 a book of hers
她的一本书
专题一 名 词
对点集训
1. The boy didn’t say any more and chose to follow his ________ (parent) advice this time.
2. The FIBA (国际篮联) ________ (woman) Asia Cup 2025 will be hosted in Shenzhen, China from July 13 to 20, 2025.
3. David and his family are leaving for Thailand on vacation in two ________ (week) time.
parents’
Women’s
weeks’
专题一 名 词
■考点三 名词的词性转换
1. 名词变形容词
规则 示例
n.+-(n)y(尤其是一些与天气状况有关的名词) cloud→cloudy; sun→sunny
n.+ful care→careful; success→successful
n.+-less(构成否定意义的形容词) meaning→meaningless
n.+-ous danger→dangerous
专题一 名 词
n.+-ly friend→friendly
一些以-ence 结尾 的名词,把-ence 变为-ent confidence→confident
一些以-ance 结尾 的名词,把-ance 变为-ant importance→important
一些表示国家的名词可在词尾加-ese、-ish 或-n构成表示国籍、语言的形容词 Japan→Japanese
America→American
续表
专题一 名 词
2. 名词变动词
规则 示例
+-en dark→darken
+-ize/ -ise apology→apologize
特殊记 weight→weigh
专题一 名 词
3. 名词变名词
规则 示例
+-er, ist, (i)an 表示一类人 science→scientist;
music→musician
+-ship, -hood 等表示状态 friend→friendship
特殊记 French→France
专题一 名 词
对点集训
1. The ________ (music) played a beautiful song on his violin.
2. I like walking in the park because being in
nature makes me feel ________ (peace).
musician
peaceful
专题一 名 词
语境练习
完形填空。
Life is like a mirror. If you smile at it, it will smile back at you. Life is like a long trip. It can be easy or hard. Smile at life and you will get a surprising 1 .
When I was just a little child, I loved 2 very much and I could not stop eating them. My parents worried about my 3 so they decided not to keep any candies at our home. This was a big problem for me at first because I could not get candies. However, I found a way soon to solve this 4 — I asked for candies from my neighbors, of course, with a big smile and this worked well every time. Later, I heard a saying that“You can deal with anything if you smile”. I guess that is right!
专题一 名 词
A smile makes people feel warm. Smiling at others is special. It may make others feel comfortable. When somebody pushes you carelessly, a(n) 5 cannot solve the problem. If you give him or her a smile and tell him or her“Never mind.” when he or she says sorry to you, nothing terrible will happen.
( ) 1. A. way B. suggestion C. idea D. result
( ) 2. A. vegetables B. candies C. fruits D. cakes
( ) 3. A. teeth B. eyes C. arms D. feet
( ) 4. A. advice B. problem C. condition D. decision
( ) 5. A. promise B. practice C. argument D. behavior
D
B
A
B
C(共54张PPT)
定义 动词是表示动作或状态的词,通常在句子中作谓语,说明主语“是什么”或“做什么”,是句子不可缺少的成分。 动词有人称、数、时态、语态的变化。
专题二 动 词
动词的基本形式


助动词
实义动词
系动词
动词原形、一般现在时的第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词
及物动词和不及物动词、延续性动词与非延续性动词
状态系动词、感官系动词、表象系动词、变化系动词、持续系动词
be、do、have/ has、shall/ will 等
专题二 动 词
情态动词


动词短语
情态动词的基本用法
情态动词表推测
表肯定推测:must, can, could, may, might
表否定推测:can’t, couldn’t, may not, might not
同一动词型、同一介词/副词型、混合型
常见情态动词的用法
常见情态动词的否定用法
情态动词的回答
专题二 动 词
■考点一 动词的基本形式
1. 一般现在时的第三人称单数形式
规则 示例
一般情况下加-s help→helps
以字母 s, x, ch, sh 结 尾的动词,一般加-es teach→teaches
以字母 o 结尾的动词,加-es go→goes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变 y 为 i 再加-es study→studies
专题二 动 词
2. 过去式和过去分词
规则 示例
一般情况下加-ed play→played→played
以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词,加-d hope→hoped→hoped
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变 y 为 i 再加-ed study→studied→studied
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写词尾的辅音字母,再加-ed stop→stopped→stopped
专题二 动 词
3. 现在分词
规则 示例
一般情况下加-ing ask→asking
以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词,去掉 e,再加-ing write→writing
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词, 双写词尾的辅音字母,再加-ing sit→sitting
少数以 ie 结尾的动词, 先变 ie为 y,再加-ing lie→lying
以 oe, ee, ye 结尾的动词,直接加-ing see→seeing
以 x, w, y 结尾的动词,无需双写,直接加-ing worry→worrying
专题二 动 词
对点集训
1. We must stand up to show our welcome when a guest ________ (enter) the house.
2. Mary ________ (keep) working on her school project till her friend John asked her to play tennis.
3. Nina moved to China five years ago. Her Chinese has ________ (improve) a lot by now.
4. In China, you can see people playing basketball in parks, schools and even factories. Basketball has ________ (become) a popular sport to play and watch.
5. Look! The children are ________ (fly) kites in the park.
enters
kept
improved
become
flying
专题二 动 词
■考点二 实义动词
实义动词也叫行为动词,有实在意义,能独立作谓语。 按其句法功能可分为及物动词和不及物动词;按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
专题二 动 词
1. 及物动词
及物动词本身意义不完整,需接宾语才能使其意思表达完整。 常用于以下结构中:
(1)主语+及物动词+宾语
I often play basketball on weekends.
(2)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
Jack wanted to buy his father a shirt.
(3)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
They consider him the best writer.
专题二 动 词
2. 不及物动词
不及物动词本身意义完整,无须接宾语,构成“主语+谓语”的句型,若要跟宾语,其后必须加上相应的介词,构成“主语+谓语+介词+宾语”的句型。 如:
We should listen to the teacher carefully.
3. 延续性动词与非延续性动词
(1)延续性动词也叫持续性动词,表示动作是可以持续的,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:work, live, keep, study, sleep, lie, know, read 等。
(2)非延续性动词也叫短暂性动词,表示瞬间动作,动作一旦发生立即结束,一般不和表示一段时间的状语连用。 如:come, go, begin, close, die, borrow, stop, receive 等。
专题二 动 词
■考点三 系动词
系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,要与其后作表语的形容词、名词或介词(短语)一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份,这些词没有被动语态,也不用于进行时态。 常用的系动词分类如下:
专题二 动 词
类别 功能 例词
状态系动词 表示主语所处的状态 be
感官系动词 表示人体感官的系动词 taste, smell,sound, look,feel
表象系动词 表示看起来/似乎处于某种状态 appear, seem
变化系动词 表示主语由一种状态变换到另一种状态 become, get,go, grow, turn
持续系动词 表示主语持续或保持某种身份或状态 keep, stay,remain
专题二 动 词
对点集训
1. Most of the students think three years of junior high school life ________ (be) not long.
2. How delicious the homemade sandwich ________ (smell)! I can’t wait to taste it.
3. —Alan’s birthday is coming. Let’s have a party for him.
—________ (sound) great.
4. Last month, she ________ (become) a professional doctor after years of hard work.
is
smells
Sounds
became
专题二 动 词
■考点四 助动词
英语中的助动词有 be (is, am, are, was, were,being, been)、do (does, did)、have/ has、shall、will 等。 助动词本身没有意义或意义不完整,不可单独作谓语,只能和它后面的动词一起构成谓语,以表示时态、语态、人称和数,还可构成否定、疑问或强调的句型。
专题二 动 词
情态动词本身有一定的词义,表示行为主体或说话者的看法、感情或态度,但它不能单独作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语,且无人称和数的变化。
■考点五 情态动词
专题二 动 词
1. 常见情态动词的用法
情态动词 用法 例句
can 表示能力,意为“能,会” I can speak English and I can play soccer. 我会说英语并且我能踢足球。
表示请求或允许 , 意为“可以” We can eat in the dining hall. 我们可以在餐厅吃饭。
专题二 动 词
续表
could can 的过去式,意为“能,会”,表示过去的能力 Peter could play the piano well when he was young.皮特很小的时候钢琴就弹得很好。
在疑问句中表示委婉的请求 Could you tell him to call me back
你能告诉他给我回个电话吗?
must 表示主观看法,意为“必须,一定” Players on the same team must work together to get the ball in the other team’s basket.
在同一队的运动员必须齐心协力把球投到另一队的篮筐里。
专题二 动 词
续表
should 意为“应该”,表示要求或命令,也可以表示劝告或建议 Everyone should play a part in saving the earth.每个人都应该为拯救地球发挥作用。
may 表示请求或许可,意为“可以” May I go now 我现在可以走了吗?
might may 的过去式 He asked if he might go home.
他问他是否可以回家了。
表示请求或许可,语气比 may更委婉 Might I swim here 我可以在这里游泳吗?
专题二 动 词
续表
need 表示需要,主要用于否定句和疑问句中 You needn’t say sorry to him.
你不需要对他说对不起。
had better 意为“最好”,简略形式为’d better You’d better leave now, or you’ll be late. 你最好现在离开,否则你会迟到的。
专题二 动 词
续表
shall 表示请求或征求对方的意见,多用于第一、 三人称,构成疑问句 Shall we go out for a walk
我们出去散步好吗?
表示给对方的承诺、决心、警告、命令等 One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school. 我们的其中一条规定就是每个学生在校期间都应该穿校服。
专题二 动 词
续表
will 表示询问、 请求,用于疑问句中,常用于第二人称 Will you pass me the book
你能把书递给我吗?
would 表示自愿做或主动提出做某事 ,如:意志、愿望或决心等 She wouldn’t change it, even though she knew it was wrong. 尽管她知道这错了,她也不肯改变。
专题二 动 词
注意:need 可作实义动词,此时有人称和数的变化,后面可接名词、代词、动名词及带 to 的动词不定式,可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句中。 如:
She doesn’t need to see a doctor. She just needs a rest.
她不需要看医生,她只需要休息一下。
专题二 动 词
2. 常见情态动词的否定用法
情态动词的否定形式 含义 例句
can’t 意为“不能;不会;不可以” You can’t go out now. 你现在不能出去。
mustn’t 意 为“一 定不要;禁止” You mustn’t play football on the road. 你禁止在马路上踢足球。
shouldn’t 意为“不应该” You shouldn’t eat so much next time. 你下次不应该吃这么多。
专题二 动 词
续表
needn’t 意为“不需要” —Must I finish my homework now
我必须现在完成我的家庭作业吗?
—No, you needn’t. 不 ,你不需要。
had better not 意为“最好不要” You had better not stay up late. It’s bad for your health. 你最好不要熬夜。它对你的健康有害。
专题二 动 词
3. 情态动词的回答
(1)由 may 或 might 引出的一般疑问句,肯定回答用 may/ can,否定回答用 can’t/ mustn’t。 如:
—May I put my bike here 我可以把自行车放这儿吗?
—Yes, you may/ can./ No, you can’t/ mustn’t.是的,你可以。 /不,你不能。
(2)由 must 引出的一般疑问句,肯定回答常用 must/ have to/ has to,否定回答常用 needn’t/ don’t have to/ doesn’t have to。 如:
—Must I clean my room now 我必须现在打扫房间吗?
—Yes, you must/ have to./ No, you needn’t/ don’t have to.
是的,你必须。 /不,你不必。
专题二 动 词
(3)回答以 need 引出的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用 must,否定回答用 needn’t。 如:
—Need I do the work at once 我需要立刻做这项工作吗?
—Yes, you must./ No, you needn’t. 是的,你必须。 /不,你不必。
(4)回答以 could 引出的一般疑问句时,用can,而不用 could。 如:
—Could I use your mobile phone 我可以用你的手机吗?
—Yes, you can./ No, you can’t. 是的, 你可以。 /不,你不可以。
专题二 动 词
4. 情态动词表推测
must, can, could, may, might 都可以表推测,具体用法如下:
在肯定句中表推测,程度从强到弱依次为:must>can>could>may>might
情态动词 用法 例句
must 表示有把握的推测,用于肯定句,意为“一定,肯定” I think somebody must have picked it up.
我想一定是有人把它捡走了。
can 在肯定句中表示理论上的可能性(即从理论上看是可能的,但实际未必会发生) Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. 即使是经验丰富的老师也会犯错。
专题二 动 词
续表
could 用于肯定句表示“可能”。表示对过去的推测时,常用“could have done”结构 It could be Carla. She was thinking of taking a shower. 可能是卡拉。 她刚才说想洗个澡。
may 意为“可 能 ,也许” That may be true. 那可能是真的。
might 意为“可能,也许”(可能性比may 小) It might be sunny tomorrow. 明天可能会是晴天。
专题二 动 词
在否定句中表推测,程度从强到弱依次为:can’t>couldn’t>may not>might not
情态动词 用法 例句
can’t 意为“不可能” She can’t be at home now because I saw her out. 她不可能在家,因为我看到她出去了。
couldn ’t 意为“不可能”(程度比 can’t 弱)。 表示对过去的猜测时 , 常用couldn ’t have done”结构 She couldn’t have left so soon.
她不可能那么早离开。
专题二 动 词
续表
may not 意为“可能不” He may not come. 他可能不会来。
might not 意为“可能不”(表推测的程度比 may not 弱) He might not at home. 他可能不在家。
专题二 动 词
对点集训
1. If you ________ open your mouth to speak, you’ll do better in English.
2. —________ I finish the class project today
—No, you needn’t.
3. We ________ do some housework in our free time to let our parents have a rest.
4. Children ________ play football on the busy street. It’s quite dangerous.
5. —Is the man over there your brother
—It ________ be my brother. He’s still in France.
must mustn’t should can can’t
can
Must
should
mustn’t
can’t
专题二 动 词
1. 同一动词型
■考点六 动词短语
take 短语 take up 占据;take away 带走,拿走;take off 起飞,脱掉;take over 接收,接管;take down 拆除,记下;take out 带……出去,取出,拿出;take care of 照顾;take part in 参加;take place 发生
turn 短语 turn on 打开;turn off 关闭;turn up 开大,调高;turn down 调低,关小,拒绝;turn in上交;turn out 结果是;turn to 转向,求助于
专题二 动 词
续表
get 短语 get to 到达;get back 回来;get up 起床,起来;get down 下来;get over 克服;get out 出去;get on 上车;get off 下车;get away from 远离;get along with... 与……相处;get ready for... 为……做准备
put 短语 put up 搭建,张贴;put away 收起来;put on 穿上,上演;put off 推迟,拖延;put down 放下,记下;put out 熄灭;put up with 容忍;put back 放回原处
keep 短语 keep out 留在外面;keep off 使……不接近,回避某话题;keep up with 并驾齐驱,跟上;keep away from 远离
专题二 动 词
续表
give 短语 give up 放弃;give in 屈服,让步;give away 捐赠;give out 散发,分发;give off 发出(光、热等);give back 归还
look 短语 look at 看;look into 调查, 观察;look for 寻找;look over 检查;look after 照顾;look out 注意,小心;look up 查阅;look down 俯视;look through 浏览;look around 环 顾 ;look forward to 盼望,期盼;look like 看起来像
come 短语 come on 加油,快点儿;come out 出现,出版;come over 顺便来访;come along 出现,跟随;come true 实现 ;come back 回 来 ;come from 来自;come up with 提出,想出;come across(偶然)遇见(或发现)
专题二 动 词
续表
go 短语 go on 继续;go back 回到;go away 走开,离开;go by(时间)流逝;go over 仔细检查;go off 熄灭,(闹钟) 发出响声;go along 沿着……走;go ahead 前进;go through 穿过
cut 短语 cut down 削减,砍倒;cut up 切碎;cut in 插嘴;cut out 删除,切断,停止;cut off 切断,中断
专题二 动 词
2. 同一介词 / 副词型
down 短语 cut down 砍倒;look down 俯视;turn down调小;put down 放下;lie down 躺下;take down 拆除,记下;break down 损坏,失败;write down 写下,记下
for 短语 wait for 等待;look for 寻找;ask for 请求;pay for 为 …… 付 钱 ;leave for 动身去 ;care for 照顾,关怀;prepare for 为……做准备;stand for 代表;send for 派人去请
out 短语 find out 发现 ;look out 小心 ;hand out 分发;take out 取出,拿出;come out 出版;go out 出去
专题二 动 词
续表
up 短语 grow up 长大;bring up 提出,抚养;call up 打电话;pick up 捡 起 ;give up 放弃 ;fix up 修理;cheer up 使……高兴;look up 查找,向上看;clean up 打扫,清除
with 短语 agree with 赞同;begin with 从……开始;part with 放弃, 舍弃;play with 玩, 玩弄;connect with 与……相连;deal/ do with 处理, 应付;catch up with 赶上;come up with 提出,想出(主意、回答等)
in 短语 take in 吸入,接纳;believe in 信任,信赖;check in 报到,登记;come in 进来;hand in 上交,提交;join in 参加,加入;let in 让……进来;major in 主修,专研;take part in 参加,参与;take pride in 对……感到自豪
专题二 动 词
续表
at 短语 knock at 敲;laugh at 嘲笑, 取笑;aim at 瞄准, 针对, 致力于;shout at 冲……大声喊叫;stare at 凝视
off 短语 break off 突然中止,中断;cut off 切除;get off 下车;go off(闹钟)发出响声;keep off 让开,不接近;pay off 偿清(欠款等);put off 推迟,拖延;ring off 挂断电话;run off 跑掉;take off 起飞
away 短语 get away 逃离;put away 收起来;right away 立刻,马上;run away 逃跑,跑掉;take away 拿走;throw away 扔掉;give away 赠送,分发;walk away 走开,离去
专题二 动 词
续表
about 短语 argue about 争论;bring about 带来,造成;care about 关心,在意;hear about 听说;know/ learn about 了解 ;talk about 谈论 ;think about 考虑;worry about 担心
on 短语 carry on 继续;decide on 决定;depend on 依靠,依赖;get on 上车;keep on 继续;pass on 传递;put on 穿上,上演,增加;try on 试穿;turn on 打开;work on 从事,继续工作;hold on 等一等(别挂电话), 坚持;live/ feed on 以……为(主)食,靠……为生
专题二 动 词
续表
of 短语 think of 认为,想起;die of 死于……;dream of 梦见, 渴望;hear of 听说;(be) made of 由……制成;(be) made up of 由……组成;remind... of 使……想起;run out (of) 用尽
专题二 动 词
3. 混合型
混合型动词短语常在完形填空中考查,四个选项设置为“不同动词+不同介词”,需要根据上下文语境辨析选出合适的答案。
专题二 动 词
对点集训
1. We’d better _______ a poster on the wall for the school art festival.
A. put off B. put away C. put up D. put on
2. —Life is a long journey full of ups and downs.
—That’s right. We have to learn to _______ many difficulties in our life.
A. look over B. get over C. go over D. come over
3. —Will Jack help me look after my pet dog when I’m away
—Of course. He won’t _______ your request. He loves animals a lot.
A. put down B. write down C. turn down D. take down
C
B
C
专题二 动 词
4. —Let’s go and _______ our friend, Jill.
—OK. She looks so sad and keeps silent in the room alone.
A. bring out B. give away C. put on D. cheer up
D
专题二 动 词
语境练习
Ⅰ. 完形填空。
Cloze 1[2024·内蒙古赤峰改编]
In the warm waters near an island, a small group of dolphins 1 for air. The dolphin in the front is Mother Dolphin.
Mother Dolphin will 2 Baby Dolphins for a long time. She’ll stay beside her babies until they 3 . Baby Dolphins are very playful. They can 4 well and love to push their mother softly. After playing so much, they get tired. At night, they 5 just below the surface of the water with Mother Dolphin.
专题二 动 词
Dolphins may 6 fish, but they aren’t really fish. Dolphins have their own underwater language of sounds. They use these sounds to 7 with each other.
Dolphins always travel in small groups to 8 themselves against their enemies, like the shark. They can live for many years. Some dolphins live up to 35 years in the wild.
( )1. A. come over B. come on C. come back D. come up
( )2. A. look after B. take away C. shout at D. give up
( )3. A. pick up B. cheer up C. grow up D. call up
( )4. A. run B. fly C. swim D. jump
( )5. A. talk B. sleep C. sing D. look
D
A
C
C
B
专题二 动 词
( )6. A. look like B. look through C. look back D. look at
( )7. A. argue B. communicate C. share D. play
( )8. A. find B. hurt C. protect D. help
Cloze 2[2024·四川乐山改编]
Recently, a video has become popular online. In the video, a man at Beijing’s Summer Palace ( 颐 和 园 ) 1 information about the park’s buildings with visitors. Is the man a tour guide What’s so special about him Well, in fact, he is a cleaner at the Summer Palace.
“One day I saw a few visitors. They were 2 guidebooks, but they still couldn’t find
A
B
C
专题二 动 词
the right way, so I offered them some help,” says Zhang Xu, the cleaner. “In addition to our daily cleaning work, we also 3 more services like answering questions and giving directions.”
For Zhang Xu, the Summer Palace is a special place. As a child, he came here to play. When he 4 up, he began to work here and became a part of it. Zhang 5 working at the Summer Palace in late 2021.“Every morning when I 6 here and begin my work, I feel like I am one of the stones in the garden,” he says.
Zhang is interested in the Summer Palace. And he wants to 7 everything about it. In his free time, Zhang likes reading books about it and looking for the information online.
专题二 动 词
That 8 him an expert at the Summer Palace. He often shares information about the buildings with visitors.“I’m very glad to help more people enjoy the beauty of
the place,” he says.
( )1. A. loses B. shares C. shuts D. invents
( )2. A. looking B. seeing C. reading D. watching
( )3. A. provide B. receive C. borrow D. know
( )4. A. woke B. gave C. grew D. got
B
C
A
C
专题二 动 词
( )5. A. started B. finished C. appeared D. went
( )6. A. arrive B. leave C. sleep D. remember
( )7. A. clean B. know C. hurt D. improve
( )8. A. sends B. gives C. lends D. makes
A
A
B
D
专题二 动 词
Ⅱ. 短文填空。
Passage 1
When I was in Grade Eight, our school celebrated its 75th birthday. It was my great
honor to 1. __________ the task of making videos for the celebration. But there were only two weeks for me to prepare. Although I was not sure whether I would make it, I would try my best.
hurry up pay off take on work out help out
take on
专题二 动 词
I made full use of my spare time. I 2. __________ to interview my schoolmates and teachers during the lunchtime. At the same time, my friends were also glad to 3. __________. In the end, I 4. __________ a perfect video on time. When I watched the video at the celebration ceremony, I felt excited and proud. I knew my
efforts had 5. __________. It was surely my highlight.
paid off
hurried up
help out
worked out
专题二 动 词
Passage 2
用恰当的情态动词填空。
On a really cold morning, Ben was hungry and cold. He looked at the cup and said,“I’m so cold, and I wish I 1. __________ have a cup of hot milk.” Suddenly, the cup was full of hot milk to drink. Then he said again,“I 2. __________ like a hundred books so that I can learn all about the world.” Suddenly, a hundred books fell on the ground.
Later, Ben told his brothers what had happened. They 3. __________ wait to pick up the cup and said,“Cup, 4. __________ you give us a room full of money ” Suddenly,
could
would
couldn’t
can
专题二 动 词
there was money everywhere. The brothers began to fight for the cup.“Be careful! You 5. __________ make the cup fall down! ” said Ben. But it was late. The cup fell down and broke. All the money and books disappeared.
But the cup didn’t make all the stories from the books disappear from Ben’s head. Ben learned a lot and became a writer in the end. So wealth 6. __________ disappear but knowledge would never. It shows that only the knowledge you have learned will belong to you forever.
mustn’t
might
专题二 动 词
Passage 3
用恰当的副词或介词填空。
It was a beautiful fall day. I was out riding my bicycle. I guess I rode over a hole in the road. All of a sudden, WHAM! I went 1. __________ hard on my right side. That really hurt!
My head hit the ground. I lay there for a few minutes. I tried to get 2. __________, but I couldn’t! “There’s something wrong with me,” I thought. I felt so terrible that I lay 3. __________ again. Then I saw blood on my shoe. My hand and knee were bleeding.
As I lay there, I took 4. __________ my helmet (头盔). There was a sharp rock
down
up
down
off
专题二 动 词
sticking out of it. It was pretty scary to look at. Thank goodness I wore my helmet! I shouted 5. __________ help. A stranger stopped his truck and came to help me. He put my bike in the back of his truck and drove me to the hospital.
When my mother got 6. __________ the hospital, she gave me a big hug.“I’m glad you were wearing your helmet at that time,” she said. She knew that I was not careful and did not always wear my helmet.
But I’ll never be careless again! My bicycle helmet saved my life!
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to