河北省句法专题(7份打包)2024-2025学年人教新目标(Go for it)版英语中考二轮复习

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名称 河北省句法专题(7份打包)2024-2025学年人教新目标(Go for it)版英语中考二轮复习
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(共14张PPT)
专题十七 主谓一致
主谓一致
语法一致原则——谓语动词的单复数根据主语的单复数形式决定
意义一致原则——谓语动词的单复数根据主语所表达的概念来确定
就近一致原则——谓语动词的单复数与离它最近的主语保持一致
专题十七 主谓一致
1. 语法一致原则
主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式时, 谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式。
用法 例句
不可数名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式。 Water is important to everyone. 水对每个人 都很重要。
单数可数名词或第三人称单数形式作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式。 The young man is from London. 这个年轻人来自伦敦。
专题十七 主谓一致
续表
复数名词、 人称代词复数及第二人称单数 you 作主语,谓语动词用复数形式(am/ was 除外)。 Kites are made of different things like silk or paper. 风筝是由不同的东西制成的,比如丝绸或纸。
当 and 或 both... and... 连接两个或多个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 Both Lucy and Lily are students. 露西和莉莉都是学生。
由 every, some, no, any等构成的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Everyone is ready for the sports meeting. 大家都为运动会做好了准备。
专题十七 主谓一致
续表
非谓语动词(不定式、动名词等)短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。 Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃得太多对你的健康有害。
在主语后面有 with, together with, besides, but, ra_x0002_ther than, including 等连接的短语时,谓语动词的人称和数仍与原来的主语保持一致。 His parents as well as he are very kind to me. 他的父母和他都对我
非常体贴。
由“one, every one, each one, each, either 等+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Every one of the students is studying hard. 每个学生都在用功读书。
专题十七 主谓一致
续表
a number of“许多,若干”,后接名词复数,谓语动词用 复 数 形 式 ;the number of...“……的数目”,后接名词复数,谓语动词用单数形式。 A number of trees are cut down. 许 多 树 木被砍倒了。
The number of jobs is increasing. 工作的数量在增加。
由 “a pair/ a piece/ a kind+of+复数名词”作主语 时,谓语动词用单数形式;由“pairs/ pieces/ kinds+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table. 桌子上有一副太阳镜。
Twenty pairs of shoes are made each day. 每天能制作 20 双鞋。
专题十七 主谓一致
续表
分数和百分数作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词。 如果是不可数名词或可数名词单数,谓语动词用单数形式;如果是可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式。 Two thirds of the water is polluted. 三分之二的水被污染了。
Two thirds of the students in our class are boys. 我们班三分之二的学生是男孩。
each, each... and each...,every... and every... 作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。 Each boy and each girl was given a new toy.每个男孩和女孩都收到了一个新玩具。
专题十七 主谓一致
2. 意义一致原则
意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。
用法 例句
表示重量、金钱、时间、长度的名词复数、词组作主语时,一般被看作一个整体,谓语动词常用单数形式。 Three years is a long time. 三年是一段很长的时间。
family,class,team,group 等集体名词作主语时,谓语动词的数要根据主语的意思来决定。 表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;强调集体中的成员,谓语动词用复数形式。 Our group is made up of four boys and five girls. 我们小组由四个男孩和五个女孩组成。
专题十七 主谓一致
续表
主语的形式是复数而意义却为单数,谓语动词用单数形式,如:news,works(工厂)或一些以 s 结尾的学科名称,如:maths,physics,politics等,谓语动词需用单数形式。 Maths is difficult for us to learn. 数学对我们来说很难学。
“the+形容词” 表示一类人(如 :the poor, the rich, theold, the young)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 The rich are not always happier than the poor.富人并不总是比穷人幸福。
专题十七 主谓一致
续表
“the+姓氏名词复数”表示“……夫妇;……一家人”,作主语时,谓语动词也用复数形式。 The Smiths have decided to go to Beijing for holiday. 史密斯一家人已经决定去北京度假了。
专题十七 主谓一致
3. 就近原则
就近原则指谓语动词的形式与靠近它的主语保持一致。
用法 例句
在 there be 或 here be 句型中,如果有并列的名词作主语,谓语动词要与靠近它的主语保持一致。 There is a table and two chairs in the room. 房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子。
由 or,either... or...,neither...nor..., not only... but also...等词连接并列主语时,谓语动词要与离它最近的主语保持一致。 A boy or two girls are at home. 一个男孩或者两个女孩在家。
专题十七 主谓一致
语境练习
Ⅰ. 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. [2024·内蒙古包头]—What time does John usually have breakfast on school days
—He usually __________ (have) breakfast at 7 o’clock.
2. [2024·四 川 乐 山 ]The two museums both __________ (open) to the public from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
3.[2024·西藏]There __________ (be) some beef and apples on the table.
has
open
is
专题十七 主谓一致
4. Everyone except Mike __________ (be) going to play basketball because he doesn’t like it.
5. A journey of a thousand li __________ (begin) with a single step.
is
begins
专题十七 主谓一致
Ⅱ. 短文填空。
Thousands of years ago, ancient Chinese created“the 24 Solar Terms”. They 1. ________(show) the changes in weather, nature, and farming.
In ancient times, weather changes 2. ________ (be) important to Chinese people because most of them made their living on farms. But there 3. ________ (be) no weather report or Internet to help them. Then people found a useful way. They studied the sun’s movement and paid attention to other natural changes, such as air temperature,
water, and plant growth. In the end, they worked out the 24 solar terms to mark these changes.
show
were
was
专题十七 主谓一致
Nowadays, the 24 solar terms still 4. ________ (make) a difference to Chinese in
everyday life. Many people 5. ________ (like) following the traditional customs which reflect the creativity of the Chinese. They have a deep influence on the way people think and act.
The 24 Solar Terms 6. ________ (be) regarded as China’s fifth great invention. Now, it is still widely used in daily life, even in the age of technological farming.
make
like
is(共44张PPT)
专题十六 复 合 句
复合句——
并列复合句
构成——简单句+并列连词(组)+简单句
用法
表示并列、顺承、递进关系的并列复合句
表示转折或对比关系的并列复合句
用法 表示因果关系的并列复合句
表示选择、条件关系的并列复合句
专题十六 复 合 句
复合句——
主从复合句
宾语从句的三要素——引导词;时态;陈述语序
——宾语从句
疑问词+动词不定式
宾语从句的注意事项
专题十六 复 合 句
主从复合句
时间状语从句及引导词:when, while, since, after
状语从句
条件状语从句及引导词:if, unless, as long as
目的状语从句及引导词:so that, in order that
复合句
让步状语从句及引导词:though/ although, even though/ if
结果状语从句及引导词:so... that, such... that
原因状语从句及引导词:because, since, as
方式状语从句及引导词:as, as if, as though
地点状语从句及引导词:where, wherever
专题十六 复 合 句
主从复合句
关系从句
(定语从句)
复合句
关系代词:that, which, who, whom, whose
关系副词:when, where, why
专题十六 复 合 句
1. 表示并列、顺承、递进关系的并列复合句
并列连 词(组) 含义及用法 例句
and “和,然后”,也可用于“祈使 句 +and +陈述句” Jenny stood up and put on her coat. 珍妮站起来穿上大衣。
neither... nor... 既不……也不…… Neither my father nor my mother can drive a car. 我的爸爸和妈妈都不会开车。
■考点一 并列复合句
专题十六 复 合 句
续表
not only... but also.. 不 仅 ……而且…… Not only does Lucy learn English but she also
learns French. 露西不仅学习英语还学习法语。
专题十六 复 合 句
2. 表示转折或对比关系的并列复合句
并列连词 含义 例句
but 但是 Mike is very young, but he knows a lot. 迈克很年轻,但是他懂得很多。
while 然而 I like singing while my sister likes dancing. 我喜欢唱歌而我的姐姐喜欢跳舞。
yet 但是; 然而 The problem was very difficult, yet I was able to work it out. 这道题有点儿难,然而我却把它做出来了。
专题十六 复 合 句
3. 表示因果关系的并列复合句
【注意】so 与 because 不能同时出现在一个句子中。
并列连词 含义 例句
so 所以 It began to rain heavily, so we had to stay at home. 开始下大雨了,所以我们不得不待在家里。
for 因为 We can’t go out, for it’s raining. 我们不能出去,因 为正在下雨。
专题十六 复 合 句
4. 表示选择、条件关系的并列复合句
并列连 词(组) 含义 例句
or 表示选择,意 为“或 者”;表示条件,意为“否则” You can come now or you can meet us there later.你可以现在来,也可以稍晚和我们在那里碰头。
Hurry up, or you’ll be late for school. 快点,否则你上学要迟到了。
专题十六 复 合 句
续表
either...or... 要 么 ……要么…… Life is like a horse, and either you ride it or it
rides you. 生活就像一匹马,你不驾驶它,它就驾驶你。
otherwise 否则 I will write the message down, otherwise I’ll forget it. 我会把这个信息写下来,否则我会忘记的。
专题十六 复 合 句
对点集训
1. Have breakfast every morning __________ you’ll get ill.
2. Linda is friendly to everyone, __________ we all like her.
3. I’d like to go shopping with you, __________ I’m too busy.
4. My friend Julie has a guitar, __________ she plays it really well.
or
so
but
and
专题十六 复 合 句
1. 宾语从句
(一)宾语从句的三要素:引导词、语序和时态
宾语从句 用法 例句
引导词 连接词 that 无实际意义 ,在从句中不充当任何成分 ,只起连接作用,可省略 He said (that) Kate was good at swimming. 他说凯特擅长游泳。
连接词 whether/ if 当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时 ,引导词用 whether/ if, 表示“是否”,不充当句子成分,不可省略 Could you tell me whether/ if it snows in winter in Australia 你能告诉我澳大利亚冬天是否下雪吗?
■考点二 主从复合句
专题十六 复 合 句
续表
引导词 连接代词(what/ which/ who/whose/ whom) 在从句中作一定的成分,如:主语、宾语、定语等 I want to know who made the toy.
我想知道谁制作的这个玩具。
连接副词(when/ where/why/ how) 在从句中作状语 Please tell me how you go to school. 请告诉我你怎么去学校。
语 序 陈述语序 引导词+主语+谓语+其他 Do you know where Tom lives
你知道汤姆住在哪里吗?
专题十六 复 合 句
续表
时 态 需要性原则 主句是现在时(包含一般现在时、现在进行时 、现在完成时)或将来时,从句时态根据实际情况使用相应时态 I hear Joe left for Shanghai yesterday. 我听说乔昨天去上海了。
呼应性原则 主句是过去时(包括一般过去时、 过去进行时),从句使用过去的相应时态 Kate said she was going to school soon. 凯特说她不久将要去学校。
特殊性原则 从句表示客观事实、真理、自然现象等时,不管主句使用什么时态,从句都用一般现在时 Miss Hu said that the earth goes around the sun. 胡老师说地球绕着太阳转。
专题十六 复 合 句
注意:一般疑问句转化为宾语从句时,只能用whether 不能用 if 的情况:
用法 例句
在介词后引导宾语从句时 I’m thinking of whether we should leave.
我在考虑我们是否应该离开。
宾语从句提前时 Whether they can come here ontime, we don’t know.
我们不知道他们是否会按时来这儿。
与 or not 连用时 I can’t say whether or not they will come to help us.
我说不准他们是否会来帮我们。
专题十六 复 合 句
续表
与不定式连用时 I really don’t know whether to accept or refuse.
我真的不知道是该接受还是拒绝。
在动词discuss之后,引导宾语从句时 We discussed whether we should close the shop.
我们讨论了是不是应该把商店关掉。
用 if 会引起歧义时 Please tell me if you need help.
①如果你需要帮助请告诉我。②请告诉我你是否需要帮助。
(用whether 只有第二种意思)
专题十六 复 合 句
(二)疑问词+动词不定式
用法 例句
“疑问词+动词不定式”结构中的疑问词,包括疑 问代词 what, which 和疑问副词 how, when, where 等,这些疑问词和不定式一起构成了不定式短语, 这种结构可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等 I really don’t know what to write about. 我真的不知道写什么。
I asked him how to learn English well. 我问他怎么学好英语。
动词不定式作宾语时,可以转化为宾语从句 Can you tell me where to get the scarf =Can you tell me where I can get the scarf 你能告诉我在哪里能买到这种围巾吗?
专题十六 复 合 句
宾语从句的注意事项:
1. 有些疑问词(如:what, who, which 等)在宾语从句中作主语时,该句型语序不变。 如:
Do you know what is happening over there 你知道那边发生了什么事吗?
2. 如果复合句中宾语从句很长,则可以用 it 作形式宾语,以免句子头重脚轻。如:
We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled.
我们都认为会议取消很可惜。
专题十六 复 合 句
3. 否定前移
通常,如果主句主语是第一人称 I 或 we,时态是一般现在时且谓语动词是表示“认为,相信,猜测”概念的动词时,其后 that 引导的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般把否定词移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。 如:
I don’t think you can go there by bus. 我认为你不能乘公共汽车去那儿。
We don’t consider you kept your promise.我们认为你没有信守承诺。
专题十六 复 合 句
2. 状语从句
(一)状语从句的引导词
(1) 时间状语从句
从属连词(组) 含义及用法 例句
when “当……的时候”,主从句动作同时或先后发生, 从句谓语 可以是延续性动词,也可以是非延续性动词。 When John was 2 years old, he started
playing the piano.当约翰两岁时,他
开始弹钢琴。
专题十六 复 合 句
续表
while “当……的时候;在……期间”,表示主从句动作同时发生或主句动作发生在从 句 的 动 作 过 程中。 谓语动词用延续性动词。 My mother was reading while my
father was playing chess. 我爸爸下象
棋的时候, 我妈妈在读书。
as “当……时”,主从句动作同时发生。 The little girls sang as they walked. 小
姑娘们一边走,一边唱。
before “在……以前”,主句动作发生在从句动作之前。 You’d better wash your hands before
you eat. 你最好在吃饭前洗手。
专题十六 复 合 句
续表
after “在……之后”,主句动作发生在从句动作之后。 My sister became a doctor after she
graduated from the university. 我妹妹
大学毕业后成为了一名医生。
until/ till “直到……为止 ”,若主句是肯定句:表示主句的动作持续到从句表示的时间点结束, 谓语动词用延续性动词。若主句是否定句:表示主句的动作自从句表示的时间点才开始,谓语动词用非延续性动词。 We waited until our teacher came. 我们
一直等到老师来。
We shouldn’t get off the bus until it
stops completely. 在公共汽车完全停止之前, 我们不应该下车。
专题十六 复 合 句
续表
since “自……以来”,引导的从句常用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时。 Since I started school, my mom has taught me how to keep safe at school. 自从我开始上学以来, 我妈妈就教我如何在学校保持安全。
once “一旦”,表示一种假设,多与一般现在时连用。 Once I start, I will never give up. 一 旦 开始,我就永远不会放弃。
as soon as “一 …… 就……”,主句动作紧随从句动作发生,遵循“主祈/将从现”“主情从现”原则。 I will make a phone call to my parents as soon as I reach my grandmother’s home. 我一到我奶奶家就会给父母打电话。
专题十六 复 合 句
(2) 地点状语从句
从属连词 含义及用法 例句
where “在 …… 地方”,表示特定的地点。 You’d better put it where you can find it easily next time. 你最好将它放在下次你可以轻松找到的位置。
wherever “无 论 何处”,表示非特定的地点 Wherever you are, please remember that safety comes first. 无论你身在何处, 请记住安全是第一位的。
专题十六 复 合 句
(3) 条件状语从句
从属连词(组) 含义及用法 例句
if 如果 If you try to do everything, you won’t
do anything. 如果你什么都想做, 那你什么都不会做。
unless “除 非 , 如果不”,相当于“if... not”, 但 unless语气较强。 I will not go unless I hear from him. 除非我收到他的信,否则我不会去。
专题十六 复 合 句
续表
as long as 只要;既然 There’s nothing to worry about as long as you work hard. 只要你努力工作,就没有什么可担心的。
in case 以防万一 You’d better take the keys in case we are not at home. 你最好拿着钥匙,以防万一我们不在家。
专题十六 复 合 句
(4)原因状语从句
从属连词 含义及用法 例句
because “因为”,表示造成某种情况的直接原因,常用来回答 why 引导的问句。 Many accidents happen because people are careless. 许多事故的发生是因为人们粗心大意。
since “因为; 既然”,语气比 because弱,常位于句首。 Since the night is coming soon, I have to go back home fast. 因为天就快黑了,所以我必须尽快回家。
专题十六 复 合 句
as “因为”,语气比since 弱,引导的从句位于主句前后均可。 As I have a cold, I need to take some medicine. 因为我感冒了,所以我需要吃药。
续表
专题十六 复 合 句
(5) 目的状语从句
从属连词 含义及用法 例句
so that “以 便 …… ”,常置于句中。 I’m going to improve my English so that I can teach kids English in the future. 我要提高我的英语水平,以便将来教孩子们英语。
in order that “为 了 …… ”,通常用于正式 文体, 可置于句首或句中。 You’d better speak louder in order that you can be heard by all. 你最好大点声说话,以便所有人都能听到。
专题十六 复 合 句
(6)结果状语从句
从属连词 含义 用法
so... that 如此……以至于…… so+形容词或副词+that;
so+形容词+a/ an+可数名词单数+that
such... that 如此……以至于…… such+a/ an+形容词+可数名词单数+that;
such+形容词+复数名词/ 不可数名词+that
专题十六 复 合 句
(7)方式状语从句
从属连词 (组) 含义及用法 例句
as “按……的方式,正如”,从句置于主句后。 When you eat Western food, do as Westerners
do. 当你吃西餐时,按照西方人的习惯来用餐。
as if/ though “好像;似乎”,从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时, 陈述语气。 Tom looked around as if he was looking for something. 汤姆环顾四周,好像在找什么东西。
专题十六 复 合 句
as if/ though 从句所表示的情况不是真实的,而是主观的想象,则用虚拟语气。 I can remember the whole thing as if/ though it happened yesterday. 我记得整件事,就好像是昨天发生的一样。
续表
专题十六 复 合 句
3. 关系从句(定语从句)
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫关系从句。 关系从句所修饰的词叫先行词。 关系从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导,关系词放在先行词和关系从句之间起连接作用,同时又作从句中的某种成分,构成结构“先行词+关系词+关系从句”。
关系词的基本用法
关系词 先行词 功能 例句
关系 代词 who 人 主语;宾语 Do you know the girl who often comes here 你认识经常来这里的那个女孩吗?
专题十六 复 合 句
续表
关 系 代 词 whom 人 宾语 He is the boy whom I talked with just now.他就是刚才和我说话的男孩。
that 人,物 主语;宾语 A dictionary is a book that gives the meaning of words. 词典是一本解释单词意思的书。
The school which we visited yesterday is a famous one in Shanghai. 昨天我们参观的那所学校在上海很有名。
主语;宾语 物 which whose 人,物 定语 What’s the name of the boy whose father is a doctor 父亲是医生的那个男孩的名字是什么?
专题十六 复 合 句
续表
关系词 先行词 功能 例句
关 系 副 词 when 时间 时间状语 I remember the first day when we met for the first time. 我记得我们第一次见面的那天。
This is the place where I studied last year.
这是我去年学习的地方。
地点状语 地点 where why 原因 原因状语 I want to know the reason why you didn’t come to school this morning. 我想知道你今天上午没来学校的原因。
专题十六 复 合 句
【注意事项】
1. 关系词只用 that 的情况:
(1)当先行词是 all, little, few, much, none,something, everything, anything, nothing 等不定代词时,只能用 that。 如:
Is there anything that I can do for you 有什么我可以为你做的吗?
(2)当先行词被 the only, the very, the last, all, any, no 等修饰时,只能用 that。 如:
This is the only book that is worth reading.这是唯一一本值得读的书。
专题十六 复 合 句
(3)当先行词被序数词修饰时,只能用 that。 如:
The first thing that we should do is to get some food. 我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
(4)当先行词既包含人又包含物时,只能用that。 如:
The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.
你刚才谈到的那位作家和他的小说确实很出名。
(5)当先行词被最高级修饰时,只能用 that。 如:
This is the best film that I’ve ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
(6)当主句是以 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时,只能用 that。 如:
Who is the man that is standing there 站在那儿的那个人是谁?
专题十六 复 合 句
2. 只能用关系代词 which 的情况:
(1)当关系词前面有介词且先行词指物时,只能用 which。 如:
The house in which we live is very big. 我们住的房子很大。
(2)引导非限定性定语从句。 如:
He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. 他在比赛中获胜,这使他的父母非常高兴。
(3)当 that, those 作主语时。 如:
Those which are on the shelf are storage boxes. 那些在架子上的是储物盒。
专题十六 复 合 句
对点集训
1. Sam, you won’t realize your dream _________ you work hard on it from now on.
2. —When shall we go shopping
—As soon as my online meeting ________ (end).
3. ________ the days get longer, the temperature gets higher.
4. If I ________ (not be) busy tomorrow, I will go hiking with you.
5. He has been an English teacher since he ________ (graduate) from the university.
unless
ends
As
am not
graduated
专题十六 复 合 句
语境练习
Ⅰ. 用适当的连词填空。
1.[2024·北京改编]—Hi, Mike! Would you like to go boating with me
—Yes, I’d love to, __________ I have to finish my science project first.
2. [2024 · 河 北 改 编 ]Jeff still works hard __________________ he has achieved great success.
3.[2024·吉林改编]Running is getting popular. It is good for our health __________ it costs nothing.
but
though/ although
and
专题十六 复 合 句
4. Ben’s dad was watching the boat races __________ Ben’s mother was making zongzi.
5. You never really knew a man __________ you stood in his shoes and walked around in them.
6.[2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔改编]—How long have you been in Qiqihar
—__________ my father came here to work five years ago.
while
until
Since
专题十六 复 合 句
Ⅱ. 短文填空。
Passage 1
1. __________ an old man suddenly falls down in front of you, will you help him Most of us would choose to help him 2. __________ we know it’s the right thing to do. But others might refuse to do so. In my opinion, we should not only think about ourselves 3. __________ others as well.
I’ve had an experience like this before. I saw a woman walking with a baby in her arms 4. __________ it was raining heavily. They were both wet because they didn’t have an umbrella. I held out my umbrella for them quickly. I walked several miles with them 5. __________ they got home. The woman thanked me a lot for what I did for her.
If
because
but
while
till/ until
专题十六 复 合 句
At that moment, I had such a strong feeling of satisfaction.
Offering help to people in trouble can make them feel really warm. And perhaps one day we’ll become the one who needs help. So why don’t we just reach out a helpful hand whenever we can The more we trust and help each other, the better our world will be.
专题十六 复 合 句
Passage 2
Do you believe a rose plant says“I want some water” 1. __________ that a tree shouts “My arms hurt ” Maybe you will say 2. __________
this could only happen in some children’s stories. In fact, plants are not always silent. A recent study has found plants shout 3. __________ they are in need of water. Even in a quiet field, there are actually some sounds 4. __________ carry information. However, the pitch is (音高) too high for people to hear.“There 5. __________ a possibility that a lot of communication is happening,” Professor Hadany said.
which that be or when
or
that
when
which
is(共19张PPT)
专题十五 动词的非谓语形式
动词的非
谓语形式
动词不定式
动词的-ing 形式
(课标未作要求)
分词(课标未作要求)
构成:(not+) to+动词原形
功能:作宾语、作宾语补足语、作目的状语
构成:(not+)动词原形+-ing
功能:作主语、表语、宾语、定语
构成
功能:作状语、定语、表语、宾语补足语
现在分词:v.-ing
过去分词:v.-ed
专题十五 动词的非谓语形式
■考点一 动词不定式
1. 动词不定式的构成
(1)肯定形式:to+动词原形(to 只是不定式符号,本身无意义)
(2)否定形式:not+to+动词原形
(3)动词不定式的特点:没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能作谓语,但仍保持动词的特点,可有自己的宾语和状语。
专题十五 动词的非谓语形式
2. 动词不定式在句中的作用
作宾语 (1)常见接不定式作宾语的动词(短语):agree, begin, choose, decide, expect, hate,hope, learn, like, love, need, prefer, plan,remember, start, try, want, wish, fail,manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, afford, would like 等。
(2)find, think, make 等后跟不定式作宾语时,常用 it 作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在句末。
作宾语 补足语 (1)advise, allow, ask, tell, encourage, order, teach, want, wish, get, would like 等后常跟动词不定式作宾补。
(2)一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略 to。
专题十五 动词的非谓语形式
续表
作状语 (1)作目的状语,放在句首或句尾。
(2)作原因状语,和某些形容词连用构成“be+形容词+不定式”。
(3)作结果状语,常与 enough(表肯定)或 too(表否定)连用。
专题十五 动词的非谓语形式
3. 常见的省略 to 的动词不定式
(1)在使役动词(let, have, make)或感官动词(see, feel, hear, watch, notice 等)后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略 to。 如:We saw him enter the room. 我们看到他进入了房间。
(2)在 had better (not), why not, would rather 等结构后,应用省略 to 的动词不定式。 如:
There isn’t any milk in the fridge now. Why not buy some online 现在冰箱里没有牛奶了,为什么不在网上买一些?
(3)动词 help 后接不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时,to 可省可不省。 如:
Could you please help me (to) carry the box 你能帮我搬箱子吗?
专题十五 动词的非谓语形式
4. 动词不定式的重要句型
(1)“疑问词+动词不定式”结构
该 结 构 中 的 疑 问 词 包 括 who, what, which, how, when, where 等。 该结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 如:
Where to live is a problem. 住在哪里是一个问题。
(2)too... to... 太……而不能……
... enough to do sth. 足够……可以做某事
如:He is too young to go to school. 他太小了不能去上学。
专题十五 动词的非谓语形式
(3)It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人花费多少时间做某事。
如 :It took me 15 minutes to go back home today. 今天我花了 15 分钟(的时间)回家。
(4)It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。
如:It’s my turn to clean the classroom today. 今天轮到我打扫教室了。
(5)It’s time (for sb.) to do sth. 是(某人)做某事的时候了。
如:It’s time to have lunch. 是该吃午饭的时候了。
(6)find/ think/ feel it+adj.+to do sth. 发现/ 认为/感到做某事是……的
如 :Many foreigners find it interesting to use chopsticks to eat. 许多外国人觉得用筷子吃饭很有趣。
专题十五 动词的非谓语形式
对点集训
1. Our government has taken action _________ (make) our lives in the countryside better.
2. After checking my teeth, the doctor advised me _________ (not eat) too many sweets.
3. You’re expected _________ (shake) hands when meeting people for the first time in China.
to make
not to eat
to shake
专题十五 动词的非谓语形式
■考点二 动词的-ing 形式(2022 年版课标仅作理解要求)
1. 动名词(v.-ing)的构成
动名词一般由动词原形加上-ing 构成,它具有名词特性,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语等,又保留了动词的性质,可以有自己的宾语和状语。
专题十五 动词的非谓语形式
句法功能 例句
作主语 Pulling together is one of the roads to success. 齐心协力是通往成功的道路之一。
作宾语 Have you finished reading the book 你读完这本书了吗?
作表语 Her job is teaching. 她的工作是教书。
作定语 I often go to the reading room. 我经常去阅览室。
2. 动名词在句中的作用
专题十五 动词的非谓语形式
3. 初中阶段常见接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)(v.+doing sth.)有:
avoid 避免 consider 考虑
enjoy 喜欢 finish 完成
feel like 想要 keep 保持
mind 介意 practice/ practise 练习
suggest 建议 be worth 值得
give up 放弃 have trouble (in)... ……有困难
专题十五 动词的非谓语形式
4. 初中阶段常见的 to 为介词的动词短语有:
be/ get/ become used to 习惯
stick to 坚持
hold on to 坚持;抓住
turn to 求助于
lead to 导致(引起,通向)
look forward to 盼望,期待
look up to 敬仰;尊敬
pay attention to 注意
专题十五 动词的非谓语形式
■考点三 动词的-ed 形式(2022 年版课标仅作理解要求)
1. 动词的 -ed 形式的构成
动词的-ed 形式也叫过去分词,它除了可以与be 一起构成被动语态,与 have/ has 一起构成现在完成时,还可以在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语或状语。
专题十五 动词的非谓语形式
2. 动词的 -ed 形式的作用
句法功能 例句
作表语 Sometimes, parts like the wheels may be broken. 有时,像轮子这样的部件
可能会坏掉。
作定语 She has a pleased look on her face. 她脸上露出高兴的表情。
作宾语补 足语 Father had his car repaired last week.父亲上周(让人)把车修好了。
作状语 Mr Brown, deeply moved, thanked me again and again. 布 朗 先 生 深 受 感动,一再感谢我。
专题十五 动词的非谓语形式
3. 动词的 -ing 形式与动词的 -ed 形式作定语或表语时的区别
(1)动词的-ing 形式表示主动意义,多指事物对人的影响;动词的-ed 形式表示被动意义,多指人的感受。 如:
What a fascinating story! 多么令人着迷的故事啊!
The children are fascinated by the toys in the shop. 孩子们为商店里的玩具着迷。
(2)动词的-ing 形式表示正在进行的动作,而动词的-ed 形式表示已经完成的动作。 如:
developing countries 发展中国家
developed counries 发达国家
专题十五 动词的非谓语形式
语境练习
Ⅰ. 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1.[2024·西 藏 改 编]I think __________________ (make) resolutions at the beginning of a year is a good way to improve our lives.
2. [2024·天 津 改 编]People may use different body language _________ (show) the same feelings.
3. If he is free, I’ll invite him _________ (give) a speech in our school.
4. The children did a lot of research in the lab _________ (finish) the science project.
making/ to make
to show
to give
to finish
专题十五 动词的非谓语形式
5. Don’t forget _________ (take) a basket when you go to the market.
6. He went to Lanzhou _________ (visit) Zhongshan Bridge.
7. _________ (make) our students responsible and independent, military training (军训) has become a tradition in China.
8. China has made great efforts _________ (help) other countries build high-speed railways.
to help
to take
to visit
To make
专题十五 动词的非谓语形式
Ⅱ. 短文填空。
When Cameron Johnson was seven years old, his mother gave him some tomatoes. He wanted to sell them. A woman asked him how much they were. He told the woman 1. _________ (pay) one dollar for each. The woman said that it was too expensive 2. _________ (afford). But Cameron didn’t change his price. He knew that someone
else might pay a dollar. When he was nine years old, he got his first computer. You might look forward to 3. __________ (play) games. But he didn’t! He started his first business! He made special cards on his computer. Then, he sold them. He started 4. ____________ (sell) other things online, too. He did all these 5. _________ (realize) his dream.
to pay
to afford
playing
selling/ to sell
to realize
专题十五 动词的非谓语形式
Cameron says that you do not have to 6. _________ (make) a lot of money to be happy. Businesses can be big or small. No one is too old or too young to start a business.
make(共15张PPT)
专题十四 被动语态


一般现在时的被动语态——构成:am/ is/ are+过去分词
一般过去时的被动语态——构成:was/ were+过去分词
一般将来时的被动语态——构成:will/ be going to be+过去分词
专题十四 被动语态
(一)被动语态的构成
1. 被动语态的基本结构为:be+动词的过去分词。
2. 常见时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表(以动词 do 为例):
时态 主动语态 被动语态 例句(被动语态)
一般现在时 do/ does am/ is/are+done The boy is called Jack. 这个男孩被叫作杰克。
一般过去时 did was/ were+done The kite was made by him. 这只风筝是被他做成的。
专题十四 被动语态
续表
一般将 来时 will/shall/ be going to+do will/ shall/be going to+be done Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 明 天 树将被他们种植。
含有情 态动词 can/may/should/ must+do can/may/should/must+ be done Teenagers should be allowed to make decisions by themselves. 应该允许青少年自己做决定。
专题十四 被动语态
3. 主动语态变被动语态的方法
口诀:宾变主,主变宾,谓语动词用被动。
专题十四 被动语态
【注意】主动语态中有些感官动词(hear, see, notice 等)和 使 役 动 词(make, let 等)后用不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语,变为被动语 态时,要把不定式符号 to 还原,如:hear/ see sb. do sth.→sb. be heard/ seen to do sth.;make sb. do sth.→sb. be made to do sth.。
专题十四 被动语态
(二)被动语态的用法
被动语态中主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况:
用法 例句
不知道动作的执行者是谁 This watch was made in China. 这块手表是中国制造的。
没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁 More trees must be planted every year. 每年必须种更多的树。
需要强调或突出动作的承受者 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人说汉语。
专题十四 被动语态
续表
动 作 的 发 出 者是物 Many houses were washed away in the flood. 许多房子在洪水中被冲走了。
出于礼貌而不说出动作的执行者 My glass was broken this morning. 我的玻璃杯今天早上被打碎了。
专题十四 被动语态
(三)主动结构表被动意义的情况
用法 例句
open, lock, write, read,sell, clean, wash, cut,burn, drive 等词作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物,可用主动语态表示被动意义。 This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。
These novels didn’t sell well. 这些小说不畅销。
look, sound, taste, feel,smell 等感官动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 School uniforms look good on us. 我们穿着校服很好看。
be worth doing 中,doing 表示被动意义。 This film is worth seeing.这部电影值得一看。
专题十四 被动语态
“want/ need/ require +doing” 相 当 于“want/need/ require +to bedone”。to be done 是不定式的被动结构。 My bike needs repairing. =My bike needs to be repaired. 我的自行车需要修理。
续表
专题十四 被动语态
语境练习
Ⅰ. 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. The Forbidden City (紫禁城), one of the largest palaces in the world, __________ (build) more than 600 years ago.
2. Nowadays, some best research reports on phy_x0002_sics, biology, and maths __________ (write) in English.
3. A book review can often tell me whether a book is worth __________ (read) or not.
was built
are written
reading
专题十四 被动语态
4. When I was young, I __________ (teach) to treat older people with respect.
5. This famous scientist ______________ (invite) to our school to give a speech next week.
was taught
will be invited
专题十四 被动语态
Ⅱ. 短文填空。
Passage 1
Sichuan Opera is one of China’s oldest and most popular local operas. It started at the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty. Different kinds of art forms 1. ______________ (bring) in to mix with the local traditions, music and dances. Today’s Sichuan Opera can 2. __________ (know) as a new form of art.
Sichuan Opera that 3. __________ (welcome) especially in the southwest of China is the most powerful local opera. It 4. __________ (say) that ancient people painted
were brought
be konwn
is welcomed
is said
专题十四 被动语态
their faces to drive away wild animals. This ancient skill has already 5. __________ (take) in by Sichuan Opera and perfected it into a form of art. Artists in traditional clothes do all kinds of actions so quickly that you will be surprised at how they can control the masks so skillfully. You will fall in love with this form of art if you see this local opera.
been taken
专题十四 被动语态
Passage 2
The Great Wall
The Great Wall of China is one of the greatest wonders of the world. The construction 1. __________ (begin) during the Warring States Period. The Great Wall was first 2. __________ (build) by ancient people to separate them from their enemies. Those Ming Dynasty rulers did not expect that it would later 3. __________ (use) to
bring tourists into China. It 4. __________ (say) that he who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man. The Great Wall is a treasure of Chinese civilization and it 5. __________ (regard) as a symbol of the Chinese nation.
built
be used
is said
is regarded
was begun
专题十四 被动语态
Passage 3
Basketball 1. __________ (invent) by James Naismith and it is a game first played inside on the hard floor. The players 2. __________ (divide) into two teams. And there are two baskets. Players on the same team must work together to get the ball in the other 3. __________ (team) basket. At the same time, they need to stop the competing team from 4. __________ (get) the ball into their own basket.
was invented
are divided
team’s
getting(共39张PPT)
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
动词的时态
结构:主语+ was/ were 或动词过去式+其他
标志词:just now, yesterday, this morning, ago, last night...
用法:表示过去某个时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用
一般现在时
结构:主语+ am/ is/ are 或动词原形/第三人称单数+其他
标志词:always, often, sometimes, usually...
用法:表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态
一般过去时
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
动词的时态
结构:主语+ am/ is/ are+ v.-ing +其他
标志词:now, at the moment, at present, look, listen, right now...
用法:表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行的动作或存在的状态
一般将来时
用法:表示打算、计划做某事;也可以表示由客观迹象表明即将发生的事
现在进行时
结构:主语+ will/ shall +动词原形或 be going to +动词原形+其他
标志词:in the future, next day, in two days, soon...
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
动词的时态
结构:主语+ have/ has +done +其他
标志词:already, yet, since, recently, so far, up to now...
过去进行时
现在完成时
结构:主语+ was/ were + v.-ing +其他
标志词:at that time, at this time yesterday, at nine last night...
用法:表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或在过去某一段时 间内一直在进行的动作
用法:表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或 结果,也可以表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到 现在(还有可能延续下去)的动作或状态
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
■考点一 一般现在时
1. 一般现在时的构成
句型结构 基本用法
主语+be 动词+ 表语 ①I am...
② 单 数 名 词/不 可 数 名 词/ He/She/ It/ This/ That+is...
③ 复 数 名 词/ We/ They/ These/Those+are...
主 语 + 其 他 系动词+表语 ①复数名词/ I/ We/ They/ These/Those+其他系动词原形...
② 单 数 名 词/ He/ She/ It/ This/That+其他系动词第三人称单数
形式...
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
续表
主 语 + 谓 语 + 宾语 ①复数名词/ I/ We/ They/ These/Those+动词原形...
② 单 数 名 词/ He/ She/ It/ This/That+动词第三人称单数形式...
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
2. 一般现在时的用法
(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。 如:
I drink milk every day. 我每天都喝牛奶。
(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理。 如:
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。
(3)在含时间及条件状语从句的复合句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。 如:
I’ll call him as soon as he comes back. 他一回来我就给他打电话。
(4)在某些以 here, there 开头的句子中,用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。 如:
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
(5)表示按照时间表、安排、计划等即将发生的动作,用一般现在时表将来,但仅限于一些表示位移的动词, 如:come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 等。 如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天早上六点离开。
(6)表示现在的状态或具备的能力。 如:
My grandparents live in the same building as us. 我爷爷奶奶和我们住在同一栋楼。
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
3. 与一般现在时连用的时间状语
(1)频度副词:always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, hardly 等。
(2)every day/ week/ month/ year, once a year, twice a month, three times a week 之类的表示频率的词组。
(3)其他词组:in the morning, on Sundays, at/ on weekends 等。
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
对点集训
1. Mr. Depp, a foreign scientist, _______ (receive) postcards from his students in China every year.
2. My father is a tea lover. He often _______ (drink) tea after supper.
3. Although Zhang Lei _______ (live) a simple life, he feels very happy every day.
4. Every year, Samuel _______ (send) a DIY present to his father on Father’s Day.
receives
drinks
lives
sends
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
■考点二 一般过去时
1. 一般过去时的构成
句型结构 基本用法
主语+be 动词+表语 ①单数名词/ I/ He/ She/ It/ This/That+was...
②复数名词/ We/ They/ These/Those+were...
主语+谓语+宾语(+其他) 主语+动词过去式...
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
2. 一般过去时的用法
(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 如:
Last year I went to China National Tea Museum. 去年我去了中国茶叶博物馆。
(2)表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作(过去常常做某事也可用 used to do sth.来表示)。 如:
He missed his parents so much and he often felt lonely and unhappy. 他非常想念他的父母,他经常感到孤独和不快乐。
3. 与一般过去时连用的时间状语有:ago, last night, yesterday, last week, some years ago, in +过去年份, in the past, the other day, just now 等。
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
对点集训
1. Jessica ________ (keep) quiet all through the meeting yesterday.
2. He ________ (chat) with his friends through WeChat when he was free.
3. Mike ________ (lay) aside his book and walked straight to the door.
4. Some students ________ (feel) tired out after they reached the top of the mountain.
kept
chatted
laid
felt
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
句型结构 基本用法
主语+ will/shall +动词原形+其他 ①I/ We + shall +动词原形...
②单数名词/ I/ He/ She/ It/ 复数名词/We/ They/ These/ Those + will +动词原形...
主 语 + am/is/ are going to + 动 词 原形+其他 ①I + am going to +动词原形...
②He/ She/ It/ 单数名词+ is going to +动词原形...
③ We/ They/ These/ Those/ 复数名词+ are going to +动词原形...
■考点三 一般将来时
1. 一般将来时的构成
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
2. 一般将来时的用法
(1)“be going to+动词原形” 表示计划或打算做某事,表示已决定的、很可能发生的事,或有某种迹象表明将要发生的事。 如:
—What are you going to do next Sunday 下周日你打算做什么?
—I’m going to listen to music. 我计划听音乐。
(2)be doing 表示将来
常 用 这 种 结 构 的 动 词 有 :go, come, leave,arrive, start, begin 等。 其表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。 如:
Our ship is arriving in London in five minutes.我们的船五分钟后将抵达伦敦。
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
(3)“be to+动词原形”结构可以表示按计划将要发生的动作。 如:
They are to get married in May. 他们将在五月份结婚。
(4)祈使句+and/ or+含有一般将来时的句子。 如:
Hurry up, or we’ll miss the bus. 快点,否则我们将错过公交车。
(5)在含时间、条件等状语从句的复合句中主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。 如:
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go shopping. 如果明天不下雨,我们就去购物。
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
3. 常表示将来的时间状语有:tomorrow, soon, some day, next week/ month/ year, this evening/weekend, in 2050, in+一段时间等。
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
对点集训
1. What I think is that more and more people ________ (buy) electric cars sooner or later.
2. How time flies! I ________ (enter) a senior high school this September.
3. It’s said that the hungrier you get, the tastier you ________ (find) the food.
4. Our school ________________________ (hold) a speech on how to recycle waste tomorrow.
will buy
will enter
will find
will hold/ is going to hold
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
句型结构 基本用法
主语+ am/ is/ are +动词现在 分 词 +其他 ①I am +v.-ing...
②He/ She/ It/ 单数名词+ is +v.-ing...
③We/ They/ These/ Those/ 复数名词+ are +v.-ing...
■考点四 现在进行时
1. 现在进行时的构成
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
2. 现在进行时的用法
(1)表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。 如:
He is writing to his friend now. 他现在正在给他的朋友写信。
(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。 如:
Scientists are now trying to make robots look like humans and do the same things as us. 科学家们现在正努力使机器人看起来像人类,并和我们做一样的事情。
(3)表示将要发生的动作。 表示位置移动的动词,如 fly, move, meet, go 等,可以用现在进行时表示将要发生或马上就发生的事情。 如:
Lucy is flying to Beijing tomorrow. 露西明天将乘飞机去北京。
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
3. 现在进行时的时间状语有:now, right now, at present, at the moment, when, while 等,也常与“Look! ”或“Listen! ”等连用。
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
对点集训
1. Volunteers in our community ___________ (prepare) for the charity show at the moment.
2. The P.E. teacher ___________ (explain) the rules of the game to the students now.
3. Don’t make any noise. The baby ___________ (sleep) peacefully now.
4. The sun ___________ (shine) bright. Let’s go out for a swim.
are preparing
is explaining
is sleeping
is shining
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
句型结构 基本用法
主语+ was/ were +动词现在分词+ 其他 ① I/ He/ She/ It/ 单 数 名 词 +was + v.-ing...
②We/ They/ These/ Those/ 复数名词+ were + v.-ing...
■考点五 过去进行时
1. 过去进行时的构成
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
2. 过去进行时的用法
(1)表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。 常和表示过去的时间状语连用,或用另一动作来表示过去的时间。 如:
When you called, I was taking a shower. 你打电话来的时候,我正在洗澡。
(2)表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。 如:
What were you doing from seven to ten yesterday 昨天从七点到十点你在干什么?
(3)过去进行时常和 always, forever 等时间副词连用,表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作,此时带有一定的感彩。 如:
He was always making the same mistakes. 他总是犯同样的错误。
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
3. 过去进行时的时间状语有:at this time yester_x0002_day, at that time, at nine last night 以及 when, while, just as 引导的时间状语从句等。
【注意】在含有 when 或 while 引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,过去进行时的运用如下:
(1)在 when 引导的时间状语从句中,从句用一般过去时,主句用过去进行时。 表示一个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行。 如:
We were eating dinner in the kitchen when we heard the news on the radio. 当我们在收音机上听到这则新闻时,我们正在厨房吃晚饭。
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
(2)在 while 引导的时间状语从句中,主句与从句均用过去进行时,表示动作在过去某一时刻同时进行。 while 意为“当……时候;同时”。 如:
I was doing my homework while my sister was watching TV. 当我姐姐看电视时,我在写作业。
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
对点集训
1. —What will you do for the summer vacation
—Pardon I’m sorry. I ____________ (think) about something else.
2. When I stood on the top of the mountain, I felt the wind ___________ (blow) hard.
3. I _______________ (clean) my room when Jim came to visit me.
was thinking
was blowing
was cleaning
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
句型结构 基本用法
主 语 + has/have+动词过去分词+其他 ①He/ She/ It/ 单数名词+ has +动词过去分词...
②I/ We/ They/ 复数名词+ have +动词过去分词...
■考点六 现在完成时
1. 现在完成时的构成
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
2. 现在完成时的用法
(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成了影响和结果。 如:
I joined the book club last month and I have read five books already. 上个月我加入了读书俱乐部,并且我已经读了五本书了。
(2)表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在, 也许还要持续下去, 常和 for, since 连用。 谓语由表示持续动作或状态的延续性动词充当。 如:
It’s been three years since we last saw our primary school classmates. 自从我们上次见到我们的小学同学,已经过去三年了。
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
3. 终止性动词与延续性动词
终止性动词表示瞬间动作,不能用在表示持续动作的现在完成时的句子中。 如果要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,这些终止性动词要转换为相应的延续性动词,如下表所示:
终止性动词 延续性动词 终止性动词 延续性动词
buy have catch a cold have a cold
borrow keep put on wear
open be open get up be up
close be closed wake up be awake
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
begin/ start be on fall asleep be asleep
come be here lose not have
go be there join be in
finish be over leave be away
die be dead arrive/reach be (in)
续表
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
4. 现在完成时的时间状语有:already, yet, never, ever, just, before, so far, up to/ till now, recently, in the last/ past two years, over the years 等。
5. have been to, have gone to 和 have been in 三种结构的区别
have been to, have gone to 和have been in 是现在完成时的三个常见的结构。 have been to表示“过去去过某地”,说话时已从该地回来;have gone to 表示“去了某地或在去某地的路上”,总之还未回来;have been in 表示“已在某地(待了多久)”。 当后面是副词时,其后不可用介词。 如:
I have been to Beijing before. 我以前去过北京。
Lily has gone to Nanjing. 莉莉已经去了南京。
She has been in Shanghai for a week.她已经在上海待了一周了。
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
对点集训
1. The book you’ve just ________ (lend) to me is really interesting. I really enjoy it.
2. I think A Place Called Silence is one of the best movies that I ________ (see) so far.
3. What the headmaster said at the graduation has ________ (stick) in many students’ minds.
lent
have seen
stuck
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
语境练习
Ⅰ. 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.[2024·北京改编]—What did you do last Saturday, Tina
—I __________ (go) to the nursing home and worked as a volunteer there.
2.[2024·吉林长春改编]Look! The students __________(have) an art class in the park.
3.[2024·河北改编]Alex __________ (study) tea culture since he came to China in 2010.
4. [2024·福建改编]When I saw Xiao Wang yesterday, he __________ (help) an old man cross the road.
went
are having
has studied
was helping
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
5.[2024·安徽改编]—Excuse me, may I use your dictionary I __________ (leave) mine behind.
—Sure. Here you are.
6. The doctors _______________ (discuss) the medical treatment for the patient who was wounded badly in the earthquake the whole morning.
7. Which ________ (matter) more, to be a pencil to write one’s happiness or to be an eraser to remove one’s sadness
8. I _____________ (divide) the papers into different groups. You needn’t check them again.
have left
were discussing
matters
have divided
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
9. Paul felt so sorry that he ________ (lie) to his parents instead of telling them the truth.
10. Oh, my god! A man ________ (steal) something from an old woman’s bag. Let’s go to stop him.
11. When losing one chance, don’t be hopeless because another one ___________ (appear) in the near future.
is stealing
lied
will appear
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
Ⅱ. 短文填空。
Passage 1
The first computer was made in 1946. It was very big but it 1. __________ (work) slowly. Today computers 2. __________ (get) smaller and smaller. But they work faster and faster. What can computers do A writer has 3. __________ (say),“People can’t live without computers today.”
The Internet 4. __________ (come) a little later than computers. It is about twenty-five years later than computers. But now it can be found almost everywhere. We can use it to read books, write letters, do shopping, play computer games or make friends.
worked
are getting
said
came
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
Many students like the Internet very much. They often go into the Internet as soon as they 5. _________ (be) free. They make friends on the Internet and maybe they have never 6. __________ (see) these friends.
We can use computers and the Internet to learn more about the world. But at the same time, we should remember that not all the things can be done by computers and the Internet.
are
seen
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
Passage 2
In Xi’an, there is a restaurant owner named Xiong Wencheng. He 1. _______________ (offer) the “No. 6 Combo” — a free meal, to help people in need for three years.
There is a sign on the restaurant door. It says, “2. __________ you 3. __________ (experience) a hard time in Xi’an now If you can’t afford a meal, you can enter the restaurant and ask for the ‘No. 6 Combo’.”
The“No. 6 Combo” is made up of a bowl of spicy soup, locally called hulatang, and a baijimo. It is considered as a secret code (暗号) between the customer and the restaurant. With this secret code, the one who is in need can ask for help without feeling embarrassed.
has offered
Are
experiencing
专题十三 谓语动词的时态
Actually, it’s not an easy plan. The cost of the combo is 8 yuan. Even if 20 people ask for it, it 4. _______________ (cost) 160 yuan.
When asked why he did that , Xiong 5. __________ (say),“It’s possible for anyone to
meet difficulties. I hope that those who receive help 6. __________ (give) a hand to others.”
costs/ will cost
said
will give(共12张PPT)
专题十二 简单句的基本句型



主谓宾宾(SVOO)——主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
主谓宾补(SVOC)——主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
主谓(SV)——主语+谓语(不及物动词)
主(系)表(SP)—— 主语(+系动词)+表语
主谓宾(SVO)——主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
存现句——句型结构及时态;就近原则;there be 与 have 的区别
专题十二 简单句的基本句型
■考点一 基本句型
句型结构 用法 例句
主谓(SV) “主 语 + 不 及 物 动词” 构成句子的主体部分。 不及物动词后面不能直接接宾语, 但是可以用状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子。 My head aches.
我头疼。
主(系) 表(SP) be 动 词 和 become是 常 见 的 系 动 词 ,后 面 必 须 接 表 语 ,用来说明主语是什么或变成什么。 表语通常是名词或形容词等。 The bike is new.
这辆自行车是新的。
专题十二 简单句的基本句型
句型结构 用法 例句
主谓宾 (SVO) 谓语是及物动词时,不能表达完整的意思,必须跟一个宾语才能使意思完整。 可作宾语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词等。 Lucy is reading a book. 露西正在读一本书。
续表
专题十二 简单句的基本句型
句型结构 用法 例句
主谓 宾宾 (SVOO) 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语,合称双宾语。 直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象;间接宾语是及物动词的动作所指向的人或物,是指动作是对谁 做 的 ,或为谁做的,所以间接宾语只能由名词或代词宾格担任。 She showed her friends all her pictures. 她向她
的朋友们展示她所有的照片。
续表
专题十二 简单句的基本句型
句型结构 用法 例句
主谓 宾补 (SVOC) 某些及物动词后需要用一个宾语再加宾语补足语,才能表达完整的意思。 名词、形容词、不定式和动名词等都可以作宾语补足语。 We keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我们保持教室干净整洁。
续表
专题十二 简单句的基本句型
■考点二 存现句(there be 句型)
在英语中,存现句(there be 句型)是常见的句型,表示某地存在或出现某事物或某人。
(一)there be 句型的结构
用法 例句
肯 定 句 :There be + 主语+地点/时间状语. There is a desk in the room. 房间里有一张书桌。
否定句:There be+not/no + 主 语 + 地 点/时 间状语. There aren’t any stars in the sky tonight. 今晚天上没有星星。
专题十二 简单句的基本句型
一般疑问句及回答: —Be +there + 主 语 +其他 —Yes, there be./ No,there be not (be 与 not 常缩写). —Is there anything new in today’s newspaper 今天的报纸上有什么新内
容吗?
—Yes, there is. 是的,有些新内容。
续表
专题十二 简单句的基本句型
时态 there be 句型
一般现在时 There is/ are...
一般过去时 There was/ were...
一般将来时 There will be.../ There is/ are going to be...
现在完成时 There have/ has been...
(二)there be 句型的几种主要时态
专题十二 简单句的基本句型
(三)there be 句型的拓展应用
1. 就近原则
be 动词单复数形式必须和 there be 之后的第 一个主语保持一致。 如果第一个主语是可数名 词单数或不可数名词,be 动词为单数形式;如 果第一个主语为可数名词复数,则be 动词为 复数形式。 如:
There is some juice and several apples in the fridge now. 现在冰箱里有一些果汁和几个苹果。
专题十二 简单句的基本句型
2. 不定代词在 there be 句型中作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
3.“There be sb. doing sth. + 地点 / 时间状语.” 表示“某地 / 某时有人正在做某事”。 如:
There is a man sitting under the tree. 有个男人正坐在树下。
4. there be 与 have 的区别
there be 句型表示“某处存在某人(或某物)”,强调“存在”;而 have 表示“某人拥有某物”,强调“所属”。 如:
There are some cats on the street.街上有几只猫。
Mr. Wang has some cats. 王先生有几只猫。
专题十二 简单句的基本句型
语境练习
用 be 动词的适当形式填空。
1.[2024·吉 林 长 春 改 编]—There __________ many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best
—Climbing a Tower by Wang Zhihuan.
2.[2024·山东菏泽改编]—My holiday was terrible because of the heavy traffic.
—I agree! There __________ too many cars on the road.
3.[2024·黑龙江牡丹江改编]There __________ twenty-four solar terms (节气) in a year. Lichun is the first one.
—Really I wonder what it is like.
are
were
are
专题十二 简单句的基本句型
4. There __________ many modern high-speed railways in Jiangsu and they help people travel easily.
5. —There ___________________________ a robot on show in our school next week.
—Really I wonder what it is like.
are
will be/ is going to be(共26张PPT)
专题十一 句子种类
陈述句




肯定句结构——
疑问句——
加否定词:no, never, little, nothing 等
that 从句否定前移:believe, think, expect, suppose 等
否定句结构
一般疑问句;特殊疑问句;选择疑问句
主+谓;主+谓+宾;主+系+表;主+谓+宾(间接)+宾(直接);主+谓+宾+补
在 be 动词、情态动词、助动词之后加 not
在实义动词之前加 don’t/ doesn’t/ didn’t
专题十一 句子种类
祈使句




肯定祈使句
感叹句——
否定祈使句
what 引导的感叹句;how 引导的感叹句
(Please+)动词原形+其他
Do+动词原形+其他
Be+adj. (+其他)
Let+宾语+动词原形+其他
Don’t+动词原形+其他
Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他=Don’t let+宾语+动词原形+其他
Never+动词原形+其他
No+名词/动名词
专题十一 句子种类
■考点一 陈 述 句
陈述句用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法,包括肯定和否定两种形式,句末用句号。
1. 陈述句的肯定形式
通常主语在前,谓语在后且不含否定词,谓语动词与主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。 如:
I have lots of comic books. 我有许多连环画册。
专题十一 句子种类
2. 陈述句的否定形式
(1)谓语动词是 be 动词、情态动词或助动词时,在这些动词之后加 not,常用缩略形式。 如:
I’m not good at playing basketball. 我不擅长打篮球。
You shouldn’t eat so many eggs. 你不应该吃这么多鸡蛋。
I haven’t heard the latest news about the football match.
我还没有听到关于足球比赛的最新消息。
(2)谓语动词是实义动词时,在谓语动词前要用助动词 do/ does/ did not,常用缩略形式。 如:
I didn’t clean my bedroom last weekend. 我上周末没有打扫我的卧室。
专题十一 句子种类
(3) 含有否定意义的词, 如 no, never, few, little, seldom, hardly, nobody, nothing, neither, none 等,也可以构成否定句。 如:
He never gets up late. 他从不晚起。
专题十一 句子种类
■考点二 疑 问 句
1. 一般疑问句
一般疑问句表示询问事物或某种情况是否属实,需要对方给予肯定(yes)或否定(no)回答, 读时用升调。 对一般疑问句作肯定回答时,通常是“Yes, 主语+be/ 助动词/ 情态动词.”;作否定回答时,通常是“No, 主语+be/ 助动词/ 情态动词+not.”。 not 一般要与前面的词语构成缩略形式。
专题十一 句子种类
类别 构成 例句
be 动词的一般疑问句 Be + 主 语 + 其 他 —Are you a doctor 你是一名医生吗?
—Yes, I am./ No, I’m not.
是的,我是。/ 不,我不是。
助动词的一般疑问句 助 动 词(Do/ Does/ Did)+主语+动词原形+其他 —Did you play basketball last Sunday 上周日你打篮球了吗?
—Yes, I did./ No, I didn’t.
是的,我打了。/ 不,我没打。
专题十一 句子种类
助动词的一般疑问句 助动词(Have/ Has)+ 主语 +动词的过去分词+其他 —Have you ever seen that movie
你看过那部电影吗?
—Yes, I have./ No,I haven’t.
是的,我看过。/ 不,我没看过。
情态动词的一般疑问句 情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他 —Can you say it in English
你能用英语把它说出来吗?
—Yes, I can./ No, I can’t.
是的,我能。/ 不,我不能。
续表
专题十一 句子种类
用法 例句
用其他词语代替 yes或 no 来回答,从而使语气变得客气委婉。 —Can you go to see a movie with me
你能和我一起去看电影吗?
—I’m afraid not. I have a lot of work to do.
恐怕不行。我还有很多工作要做。
注意:一般疑问句通常是怎么问,怎么答,即用什么词提问,就用什么词回答,但有下列情况例外:
专题十一 句子种类
续表
否定的一般疑问句通常是以 be 动词 、 情态动词或助动词与not 的缩略形式开头,往往表示惊讶 、赞叹、怀疑等语气。 —Don’t you hear from him
(表惊讶) 你没有收到他的信吗?
—Yes, I do. 不,我收到了。
—No, I don’t. 是的,我没有收到。
专题十一 句子种类
2.特殊疑问句
用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句,回答时不能用 yes 或 no,读降调。 疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。
疑问代词 (what, who, which, whose, whom) —Who is your Chinese teacher 你的语文老师是谁?
—Miss Liu is my Chinese teacher. 刘老师是我的语文老师。
疑问副词 (when, where, why, how) —When did you come here 你是什么时候来这儿的?
—In 2022. 在 2022 年。
疑问词组 见 P8 how 疑问词组讲解
专题十一 句子种类
3. 选择疑问句
提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种情况回答的问句是选择疑问句。选择疑问句中的两种或两种以上的情况用 or 连接,回答时不能用 yes 或 no,而要用一个完整的句子或其省略形式。 语调一般是前升后降。 如:
—Do you like apples or pears 你喜欢苹果还是梨?
—I like apples. 我喜欢苹果。
—What would you like to drink, coffee or tea 你想喝什么,咖啡还是茶?
—I’d like to drink some tea. 我想喝茶。
【注意】反意疑问句也是疑问句的类型,因河北中考不涉及此考点,所以不作讲解。
专题十一 句子种类
■考点三 祈使句
(一)祈使句的肯定形式包括以下几种情况:
用法 例句
(Please+)动词原形+其他. Please sit down. 请坐。
Do+动词原形(加强语气,表“务必,一定”)+其他. Do put away your things. 务必收拾好你的东西。
Be+adj.(+其他). Be quiet. 请安静。
Let+宾语+动词原形+其他 Let’s have a rest. 让我们休息一会儿吧。
专题十一 句子种类
(二)祈使句的否定形式包括以下几种情况:
用法 例句
Don’t+动词原形+其他. Don’t open the window. 不要开窗户。
Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他. =Don’t let+宾语+动词原形+其他. Let them not swim in the river.=Don’t let them swim in the river. 不要让他们在河里游泳。
Never+动词原形+其他. Never play soccer on theroad. 禁止在马路上踢足球。
No+名词/ 动名词. No smoking! 禁止吸烟!
专题十一 句子种类
(三)使用祈使句时需要注意的一些情况:
用法 例句
有时为了表示委婉的语气,可在句首或句尾加上please,但 please 加在句尾时,前面要用逗号隔开。 Please sit down. 请坐。
Stand up, please. 请起立。
在意思较为明显的情况下,可把谓语动词省去。 This way, please. 请这边走。
有时为了明确地向对方提出请求或发出命令,可加称呼语,但称呼语要与句子隔开。 Turn off the light, Jim.
吉姆,关灯。
某些名词、形容词或副词等后面加感叹号,也可作为祈使句使用。 Hands up! 请举手!
Taxi! 出租车!
专题十一 句子种类
(一)由 what 引导的感叹句的构成
用法 例句
What+a/ an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! What a beautiful flower it is!
这是多么漂亮的一朵花啊!
What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语! What lovely girls they are!
她们是多么可爱的女孩啊!
What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语! What fine weather we have today!
今天的天气真好!
■考点四 感叹句
专题十一 句子种类
注意:work, homework, weather, advice, information, news 这些不可数名词常出现在此类感叹句中。
专题十一 句子种类
(二)由 how 引导的感叹句的构成
用法 例句
How + 形容词 + 主语 +谓语! How clever the girl is! 这个女孩多么聪明啊!
How+形容词+a/ an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! How heavy a box they are carrying!
他们抬的箱子多重啊!
How+副词+主语+谓语! How hard they work! 他们工作多么努力啊!
How+主语+谓语! How time flies! 光阴似箭!
专题十一 句子种类
语境练习
补全对话。
阅读下面对话,在每个空白处填入一个适当的句子,使对话完整,合乎情境。
Dialogue 1[2024·山东临沂]
M=Meimei T=Tourist
(Meimei meets a foreign tourist in a wheelchair outside a hotel in Beijing.)
M: It’s sunny and warm, isn’t it
T: Yes, it is. I hope tomorrow will be fine, too.
M: Are you new here
T: That’s right. I’ve always dreamed of visiting China. I’ve been to Shanghai before I came here.
M: Oh! It’s a little far from Shanghai to Beijing. 1. ________________________
T: I came here by plane.
M: How do you manage in your wheelchair
T: I seldom have any difficulties in China. Many people offer to help me. Many places have special facilities (设施) for welcoming disabled people.
M: Do you think Shanghai is a great city
T: 2. ________________________ Shanghai is an international city. I like it very much.
How did you come here
Yes, I think so.
专题十一 句子种类
M: So do I. You said that you hoped it would be fine tomorrow. Where are you going to visit
T: I’m going out to Tian’anmen Square and a Beijing Hutong.
M: Sounds good. What are you going to do there
T: 3. ____________________________________________________
M: Great. As far as I know, you shouldn’t have any problems.
T: I hope so. Thank you!
M: It’s a pleasure . I need to catch the bus. 4. ________________________
T: A quarter past seven.
M: Oh dear! I must go. Have a good day!
I’m going to see the raising of the national flag and take photos.
What time is it
专题十一 句子种类
Dialogue 2[2024·陕西]
(Two friends, David and Zihan, are talking about a city.)
David: Hi, Zihan! I’ve been reading a book recently. It mentions a place called Yan’an. 1. ________________________
Zihan: Yes. Yan’an is my hometown. Let me tell you something about it. Yan’an is a city in Shaanxi Province. It’s one of the revolutionary bases (革命根据地). It’s very
important in Chinese history.
. Do you know that place
专题十一 句子种类
David: 2. _________________________________________
Zihan: Because great leaders of the CPC once lived and worked there. What they did had a great influence on the founding of the New China. What’s more, the Yan’an
Spirit means a lot to the Chinese.
David: 3. ________________________
Zihan: It’s the spirit of being hard-working and self-supporting. In the past, the spirit supported Chinese people through the hard times. Today, it still encourages us to work hard for a better life.
Why is it very important in Chinese history
What is the Yan’an Spirit
专题十一 句子种类
David: I got it. I think Yan’an is really important to Chinese people.
Zihan: 4. ________________________ That’s why more and more people visit Yan’an these years. Maybe next time I can show you around my hometown.
David: Great! I hope to go there one day. Thank you.
Zihan: 5. _____________________________________________
You are right.
You are welcome.
专题十一 句子种类
Dialogue 3
(Two good friends meet each other in the hallway after class. )
A: I hear you all went to Song Mountain for a trip with your classmates. Is that true
B: Yes. We also went to Shaolin Temple for a visit.
A: You’re lucky. 1. _______________________
B: It was great. But there were too many people there.
A: 2. ________________________
B: A bus took us there. 3. _____________________________________________
A: No. I had to stay at home to look after my mother last Saturday.
How was your school trip
How did you go there
Did you go for a trip last Saturday
专题十一 句子种类
B: Look after your mother What was wrong with your mother
A: 4. _________________________________________
B: I’m sorry to hear that. 5. __________________________
A: Yes, much better. Thanks for your kindness.
B: Oh, the bell is ringing. Let’s take the lesson.
A: OK! Let’s go.
She had a high fever and couldn’t move at all.
Does she feel better now