2025年中考英语复习 第10节 动词的语态-课件
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| 名称 | 2025年中考英语复习 第10节 动词的语态-课件 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-01-21 16:26:12 | ||
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第一部分 中考语法知识
第十节 动词的语态
英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。值得注意的是，只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词是没有被动语态的。
语法精炼
考点一：被动语态的构成与用法
一、被动语态的构成
类型 构成 例句
一般现在时的被动语态 am/is/are＋done The trees are planted by the students every year.
一般过去时的被动语态 was/were＋done The trees were planted by the students last year.
类型 构成 例句
一般将来时的被动语态 will be＋done The trees will be planted by the students next year.
现在完成时的被动语态* has/have been＋done The trees have been planted by the students recently.
类型 构成 例句
现在进行时的被动语态* am/is/are＋being done The trees are being planted by the students now.
含有情态动词的被动语态* 情态动词＋be＋done The trees should be planted by the students.
使役动词的被动语态(通常考查make)* sb. be made to do The students are made to plant the trees.
类型 构成 例句
感官动词的被动语态 (通常考查see, hear等)* sb. be seen/heard to do The students are seen to plant the trees.
(注：带有*的内容，不属于最新“课标”的要求，供学有余力的考生参考使用)
二、被动语态的用法
序号 用法 例句
1 当不知道动作的执行者是谁时 The trees were planted many years ago.
2 在没必要或不想指出动作的执行者是谁时 Lots of food was sent to different areas just now.
3 当强调或突出动作的承受者时 Another bridge will be built next year.
【针对练习】
( )1．(2024 广州，11)One reason is that the penguin eggs ______ by seabirds and other animals.
A．eat B．ate
C．are eating D．are eaten
D
( )2．(2024 江西，5)Ted preferred pop music when he ______ about his favorite music in the interview.
A．was asked B．asked
C．is asked D．asks
( )3．(2024 河北，38)Emma got excited when her writing ______ as a model in class.
A．reads B．read
C．is read D．was read
A
D
( )4．(2024 陕西，8)After the dog ______ , it will use its super-powerful nose to help the officer look for criminals, search for stolen things and sniff(嗅) out something dangerous and illegal.
A．trains B．trained
C．is trained D．was trained
C
( )5．(2024 宿迁，9)—A fashion show ______ in our school hall next week.
—Great! I’m looking forward to it!
A．holds B．is held
C．was held D．will be held
D
考点二：主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况
主动语态 变被动语态的方法 例句
带双宾语的句子 通常把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留在原位 My mother gave me a hat.
→I was given a hat (by my mother).
把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，则要在间接宾语前加介词 My mother gave me a hat yesterday.
→A hat was given to me (by my mother) yesterday.
主动语态 变被动语态的方法 例句
某些不带to的不定式 某些动词，如make, see, hear, watch, notice等后常跟不带to的不定式，变为被动语态时要加to He makes me do this or that.
→I am made to do this or that.
“不及物动词＋介词或副词”的动词短语 这类动词短语变为被动语态时，其中的介词或副词不能少 My mother looks after us very well.
→We are looked after very well (by my mother).
主动语态 变被动语态的方法 例句
常用主动表被动的动词 write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, wear, burn, drive等词作不及物动词，且主语为物时，可用主动语态表示被动含义 The cloth washes well.
This book sells well.
This shirt will wear very long.
某些系动词，如feel, look, sound, smell, taste, turn, get等，可用主动语态表示被动含义 The flower looks nice.
主动语态 变被动语态的方法 例句
常用主动表被动的动词 表示“需要”的动词(want, need, require)后接动词的 -ing形式时表示被动含义 The room needs cleaning.
→The room needs to be cleaned.
在be worth doing中，doing表示被动含义 This house is worth buying.
【针对练习】
( )1．Silk ______ more comfortable than cotton.
A．feels B．felt
C．is feeling D．is felt
A
( )2．The new music CDs ______ well and I am sure they ______ out soon.
A．sell; will sell B．are sold; will be sold
C．sell; will be sold D．are sold; will sell
( )3．—The window is broken and needs ______.
—I think so. They can hardly keep out the cold now.
A．repairing B．to repair
C．repaired D．be repaired
C
A
( )4．My house requires ______ , so I must have it ______.
A．painted; painting B．painting; painting
C．painting; painted D．painted; painted
( )5．This book is interesting and educational and it’s well worth ______.
A．reading B．to read
C．to reading D．read
C
A
一、单项选择
( )1．With the rapid progress in high technology, 6G ______ around most parts of China in the near future.
A．is used B．is using
C．will use D．will be used
D
( )2．—You look so happy today!
—My suggestion to have a party _____ by my class yesterday.
A．was accepted B．accepts
C．is accepted D．accepted
A
( )3．These machines ________ in their factory by themselves last year.
A．make B．made
C．are made D．were made
D
( )4．—What do you think of yesterday’s activity in your community
—Wonderful. A lot of useful advice ______ on self-protection.
A．is offered B．are offered
C．was offered D．were offered
C
( )5．—Have you moved into the new house
—Not yet. It ______.
A．has been built B．was built
C．is being built D．had been built
( )6．When Tim ______ why he was late for school, he just kept silent.
A．was asked B．asked
C．was asking D．is asked
C
A
( )7．When the Sports Park ______ , it will be a great place for exercising and relaxing.
A．has built B．will build
C．will be built D．is built
D
( )8．—I heard that our school is collecting second-hand books and toys.
—Yes, they ______ to some primary schools in poor areas for free.
A．are sent B．will be sent
C．were sent D．have been sent
B
( )9．These cakes ______ with chocolate. Have one, please.
A．fill B．filled
C．are filled D．were filled
C
( )10．—May I borrow another two books, Miss Li
—Sorry. No more books can be borrowed until these two ______.
A．return B．would return
C．are returned D．would be returned
C
( )11．—I didn’t see you and your sister at Lily’s birthday party.
—Neither of us ______.
A．were invited B．invited
C．is invited D．was invited
D
( )12．—These cookies ______ delicious. Can you teach me how to make them
—Sorry, I can’t. Because they ______ by my friend Lily.
A．tasted; make B．tastes; will be made
C．taste; were made D．will taste; made
C
( )13．—Daniel, you must say goodbye to your good friend Bill quickly. He ______ to another city tomorrow.
—Thanks. I have to go now.
A．will be taken B．are taken
C．were taken D．have taken
A
( )14．—Oh, your room is too dirty, Mike!
—Sorry, Mom. It ______ yesterday. I forgot to do it.
A．didn’t clean B．isn’t cleaned
C．was cleaned D．wasn’t cleaned
( )15．The villagers expect that the building of the bridge ______ before the rainy season comes.
A．is completed B．was completed
C．will be completed D．has been completed
D
C
二、完成句子
1．China is getting stronger and stronger, so Chinese ______ ________ _____ more and more foreigners.
中国变得越来越强大，所以汉语被越来越多的外国人学习。
2．When I was young, I ______ ________ _______ by my grandparents.
在我小的时候，我由我的(外)祖父母照顾。
is
learned by
was looked after
3．If I _____ _______, I will go to his birthday party on time.
如果我被邀请，我会准时参加他的生日聚会。
4．I know how tea is produced. When tea leaves are ready, they _____ _______ by hand and then _____ _____ for processing.
我知道茶是怎么生产的。当茶叶准备好后，手工采摘，然后送去加工。
am invited
are picked
are sent
5．So, Tim’s grandma ____ _________ _____ _______ by his parents.
所以，Tim的父母期望他的(外)祖母能来。
6．The Meitan Tea Museum, a famous building in Guizhou, ______ ______ in the shape of a giant teapot.
贵州的著名建筑梅坦茶博物馆，以巨型茶壶的形状建成。
is expected to come
was built
7．The children in the orphanage sent him presents which ______ ______ _____ ___________ last week.
上周，孤儿院的孩子们把自己做的礼物送给他。
8．To her surprise, the American flag _______ ______ in the US but in China.
让她惊讶的是，这面美国国旗不是在美国制造的，而是在中国。
were made by themselves
wasn’t made
9．The whole class ______ _____ ________ _____ ten groups in the coming spring outing.
在即将到来的春游中，全班将分成十组。
10．Before going on holiday, all the windows and doors ______ _____ _______.
去度假前，所有的门和窗都必须关好。
will be divided into
must be closed
第一部分 中考语法知识
第十节 动词的语态
英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。值得注意的是，只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词是没有被动语态的。
语法精炼
考点一：被动语态的构成与用法
一、被动语态的构成
类型 构成 例句
一般现在时的被动语态 am/is/are＋done The trees are planted by the students every year.
一般过去时的被动语态 was/were＋done The trees were planted by the students last year.
类型 构成 例句
一般将来时的被动语态 will be＋done The trees will be planted by the students next year.
现在完成时的被动语态* has/have been＋done The trees have been planted by the students recently.
类型 构成 例句
现在进行时的被动语态* am/is/are＋being done The trees are being planted by the students now.
含有情态动词的被动语态* 情态动词＋be＋done The trees should be planted by the students.
使役动词的被动语态(通常考查make)* sb. be made to do The students are made to plant the trees.
类型 构成 例句
感官动词的被动语态 (通常考查see, hear等)* sb. be seen/heard to do The students are seen to plant the trees.
(注：带有*的内容，不属于最新“课标”的要求，供学有余力的考生参考使用)
二、被动语态的用法
序号 用法 例句
1 当不知道动作的执行者是谁时 The trees were planted many years ago.
2 在没必要或不想指出动作的执行者是谁时 Lots of food was sent to different areas just now.
3 当强调或突出动作的承受者时 Another bridge will be built next year.
【针对练习】
( )1．(2024 广州，11)One reason is that the penguin eggs ______ by seabirds and other animals.
A．eat B．ate
C．are eating D．are eaten
D
( )2．(2024 江西，5)Ted preferred pop music when he ______ about his favorite music in the interview.
A．was asked B．asked
C．is asked D．asks
( )3．(2024 河北，38)Emma got excited when her writing ______ as a model in class.
A．reads B．read
C．is read D．was read
A
D
( )4．(2024 陕西，8)After the dog ______ , it will use its super-powerful nose to help the officer look for criminals, search for stolen things and sniff(嗅) out something dangerous and illegal.
A．trains B．trained
C．is trained D．was trained
C
( )5．(2024 宿迁，9)—A fashion show ______ in our school hall next week.
—Great! I’m looking forward to it!
A．holds B．is held
C．was held D．will be held
D
考点二：主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况
主动语态 变被动语态的方法 例句
带双宾语的句子 通常把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留在原位 My mother gave me a hat.
→I was given a hat (by my mother).
把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，则要在间接宾语前加介词 My mother gave me a hat yesterday.
→A hat was given to me (by my mother) yesterday.
主动语态 变被动语态的方法 例句
某些不带to的不定式 某些动词，如make, see, hear, watch, notice等后常跟不带to的不定式，变为被动语态时要加to He makes me do this or that.
→I am made to do this or that.
“不及物动词＋介词或副词”的动词短语 这类动词短语变为被动语态时，其中的介词或副词不能少 My mother looks after us very well.
→We are looked after very well (by my mother).
主动语态 变被动语态的方法 例句
常用主动表被动的动词 write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, wear, burn, drive等词作不及物动词，且主语为物时，可用主动语态表示被动含义 The cloth washes well.
This book sells well.
This shirt will wear very long.
某些系动词，如feel, look, sound, smell, taste, turn, get等，可用主动语态表示被动含义 The flower looks nice.
主动语态 变被动语态的方法 例句
常用主动表被动的动词 表示“需要”的动词(want, need, require)后接动词的 -ing形式时表示被动含义 The room needs cleaning.
→The room needs to be cleaned.
在be worth doing中，doing表示被动含义 This house is worth buying.
【针对练习】
( )1．Silk ______ more comfortable than cotton.
A．feels B．felt
C．is feeling D．is felt
A
( )2．The new music CDs ______ well and I am sure they ______ out soon.
A．sell; will sell B．are sold; will be sold
C．sell; will be sold D．are sold; will sell
( )3．—The window is broken and needs ______.
—I think so. They can hardly keep out the cold now.
A．repairing B．to repair
C．repaired D．be repaired
C
A
( )4．My house requires ______ , so I must have it ______.
A．painted; painting B．painting; painting
C．painting; painted D．painted; painted
( )5．This book is interesting and educational and it’s well worth ______.
A．reading B．to read
C．to reading D．read
C
A
一、单项选择
( )1．With the rapid progress in high technology, 6G ______ around most parts of China in the near future.
A．is used B．is using
C．will use D．will be used
D
( )2．—You look so happy today!
—My suggestion to have a party _____ by my class yesterday.
A．was accepted B．accepts
C．is accepted D．accepted
A
( )3．These machines ________ in their factory by themselves last year.
A．make B．made
C．are made D．were made
D
( )4．—What do you think of yesterday’s activity in your community
—Wonderful. A lot of useful advice ______ on self-protection.
A．is offered B．are offered
C．was offered D．were offered
C
( )5．—Have you moved into the new house
—Not yet. It ______.
A．has been built B．was built
C．is being built D．had been built
( )6．When Tim ______ why he was late for school, he just kept silent.
A．was asked B．asked
C．was asking D．is asked
C
A
( )7．When the Sports Park ______ , it will be a great place for exercising and relaxing.
A．has built B．will build
C．will be built D．is built
D
( )8．—I heard that our school is collecting second-hand books and toys.
—Yes, they ______ to some primary schools in poor areas for free.
A．are sent B．will be sent
C．were sent D．have been sent
B
( )9．These cakes ______ with chocolate. Have one, please.
A．fill B．filled
C．are filled D．were filled
C
( )10．—May I borrow another two books, Miss Li
—Sorry. No more books can be borrowed until these two ______.
A．return B．would return
C．are returned D．would be returned
C
( )11．—I didn’t see you and your sister at Lily’s birthday party.
—Neither of us ______.
A．were invited B．invited
C．is invited D．was invited
D
( )12．—These cookies ______ delicious. Can you teach me how to make them
—Sorry, I can’t. Because they ______ by my friend Lily.
A．tasted; make B．tastes; will be made
C．taste; were made D．will taste; made
C
( )13．—Daniel, you must say goodbye to your good friend Bill quickly. He ______ to another city tomorrow.
—Thanks. I have to go now.
A．will be taken B．are taken
C．were taken D．have taken
A
( )14．—Oh, your room is too dirty, Mike!
—Sorry, Mom. It ______ yesterday. I forgot to do it.
A．didn’t clean B．isn’t cleaned
C．was cleaned D．wasn’t cleaned
( )15．The villagers expect that the building of the bridge ______ before the rainy season comes.
A．is completed B．was completed
C．will be completed D．has been completed
D
C
二、完成句子
1．China is getting stronger and stronger, so Chinese ______ ________ _____ more and more foreigners.
中国变得越来越强大，所以汉语被越来越多的外国人学习。
2．When I was young, I ______ ________ _______ by my grandparents.
在我小的时候，我由我的(外)祖父母照顾。
is
learned by
was looked after
3．If I _____ _______, I will go to his birthday party on time.
如果我被邀请，我会准时参加他的生日聚会。
4．I know how tea is produced. When tea leaves are ready, they _____ _______ by hand and then _____ _____ for processing.
我知道茶是怎么生产的。当茶叶准备好后，手工采摘，然后送去加工。
am invited
are picked
are sent
5．So, Tim’s grandma ____ _________ _____ _______ by his parents.
所以，Tim的父母期望他的(外)祖母能来。
6．The Meitan Tea Museum, a famous building in Guizhou, ______ ______ in the shape of a giant teapot.
贵州的著名建筑梅坦茶博物馆，以巨型茶壶的形状建成。
is expected to come
was built
7．The children in the orphanage sent him presents which ______ ______ _____ ___________ last week.
上周，孤儿院的孩子们把自己做的礼物送给他。
8．To her surprise, the American flag _______ ______ in the US but in China.
让她惊讶的是，这面美国国旗不是在美国制造的，而是在中国。
were made by themselves
wasn’t made
9．The whole class ______ _____ ________ _____ ten groups in the coming spring outing.
在即将到来的春游中，全班将分成十组。
10．Before going on holiday, all the windows and doors ______ _____ _______.
去度假前，所有的门和窗都必须关好。
will be divided into
must be closed