专题11主谓一致
目录
考点归纳
易错分析
考点练透（考点归纳，易错分析，考点练透+真题模拟）
考点归纳
语法一致原则
即主语是单数，谓语为单数；主语为复数，谓语亦为复数。
①单数主语即使后面带有由with,along with, together with, like, but ,except,besides,as well as,more than,no less than ,rather than,including,in addition to 引导的短语，谓语动词仍用单数。如：
Air as well as water is important to human beings.
②不定代词someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, nothing, anybody, anyone, anything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Someone is knocking at the door.
③用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个人，同一事，同一概念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数。如：
A hammer and a saw are useful tools.
The poet and writer has come.
④ 不定式（短语），动名词（短语）或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
Serving the people is my great happiness.
When we'll go for a picnic has been decided.
⑤ 用and 连接的并列主语被each,every或no修饰时，谓语动词 用单数。
Every boy and every girl has the right to get education .
No time and no money was wasted in the whole process.
⑥ each of + 复数代词，谓语动用单数。复数代词+each，谓语动词用复数。
Each of us has something to say。
They each have something to say。
⑦“the number of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数，“a number of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数，如：
The number of deer in our school is eight.
A number of Chinese characters were simplified .
⑧“a lot of/lots of/plenty of＋名词”，百分数（或分数）+of +可数名词单数（或不可数名词）谓语动词用单数；百分数（或分数）+of +复数名词，谓语动词用复数。如：
Twenty percent of the workers in the factory are women.
Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of earth percent of the earth is covered by water.
⑨“many a＋单数名词/ more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
More than one student is fond of playing computer games.
意义一致原则
①当主语是all of /most of/some of/half of/the rest of+名词时，如果of后面的名词表示单数概念，则谓语动词用单数形式，如果of后面的名词表示复数概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。如:
Most of the apples are rotten.
Most of the apple was eaten by a rat.
② ‘the+形容词（或分词）’指一类人，如：the rich(富人)，the living（活着的人）主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
The sick have been cured and the missing have been found.
③ 用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如：bread and butter(黄油抹面包)，knife and fork(刀叉),needle and thread 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
Bread and butter is always his favorite drink.
④ 名词如trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数。如：
My trousers are new; The scissors are sharp. His clothes are good
⑤形复意单名词如：news，以ics结尾的学科名称如：physics, mathematics;国名如：the United States;报纸名如：the New Times;书名如：Arabian Nights(天方夜谭)；以及the United Nations等作主语，谓语动词要用单数。如：
The United States is made up of 50 states.
⑥表示时间，金钱，距离，度量等的名词作主语时，尽管是复数形式，它们作为一个单一的概念时，其谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Ten miles is a good distance.
Ten dollars is all I have left.
⑦集体名词，如 family, team, group, class等看作整体时，谓语动词用单数；强调其中每一名成员时，谓语动词用复数。如：
My family is a big one with eight people.
The police are looking into the accident.
就近一致原则
①由here, there等引导的倒装句中，（有时主语不止一个时）谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。如：
Here comes the bus.
There is a convenience store and two schools nearby.
② 用连词or; either.....or...;neither....nor...；not only...but also...;not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。如：
Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.
He or you have taken my pen.
易错分析
语法一致方面
不定式、动名词和从句作主语，谓语动词用单数
Why he was absent from the meeting yesterday is being questioned.
Planning so far ahead makes no sense----so many things will have changed by next year.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. When and where to build the new factory ______________(not, decide) yet.
2. What we need _______ (be) enough water, but what they need _______ (be) houses.
3. What we used to think _______(be) impossible now does seem possible.
4. Listening to loud music at rock concerts ___________(cause) hearing loss in some teenagers.
分数,百分数,some ,all, most, the rest等修饰名词时,谓语动词与修饰的名词单复数保持一致
Most of his income has been spent on books.
What is the population of your country
Seventy percent of the population in that country are still in poverty.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
5. 40% of the population in that country ________(be) young, and two thirds of them _________(not) know how to read and write.
6. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third __________ (use) regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.
7. One-third of the country__________(cover) with trees and the majority of the citizens _______ (be) black people.
and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如果并列主语指同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each, every, 或no修饰时， 其谓语要用单数形式。
A cart and horse was seen in the direction of the town.
Many a boy and many a girl has made the same mistake in the math exam.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
8. Butter and bread ________(be) their daily food, but the bread and the butter __________(eat) up so far.
9. Early to bed and early to rise __________(make) a man healthy, happy and wise.
10. In our country every boy and every girl ________(have) the right to receive education.
11. A poet and artist _______ (be) coming to speak to us about Chinese literature this afternoon.
a large quantity/amount of…作主语，谓语动词用单数；large quantities/amounts of…作主语，谓语动词用复数
A large amount of money is spent on advertisements every year.
Large amounts of special fuel are needed to launch a rocket into space.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
12. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of earth ________(wash) away each year.
13.---Why does the lake smell terrible
---Because large quantities of water__________ (pollute).
the number of…表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数；a number of表示“若干，许多”，谓语用复数
The number of the students in Class 7 is 65. And a number of them are keen on reading.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
14.The number of people invited ______ (be) fifty, but a number of them _______(be)absent for different reasons.
15.As you can see, the number of cars on our roads __________(keep) rising these days.
one of …后接定语从句，从句谓语用复数；the only one of 后接定语从句，从句谓语用单数
Johnson is one of the farmers who live in the valley.
Johnson is the only one of the farmers who lives in the valley.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
16.Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who________(wear) evening dress.
17. Tommy was one of the doctors who________ (be) devoted to saving people’s lives in WuHan.
all, both, each, every, either, neither, none等代词作主语，视意思而定
Each student in Class 29 has at least three dictionaries.
The students each have at least three dictionaries.
All of the money was given to the poor villagers last month.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
18. The summer holiday is coming and we each ______(be) ready for the picnic in the past weeks.
19."All _______ (be) present and all_______ (be) going on well," our head teacher said.
20. It is reported that many a new house_______________(build) at present in the disaster area.
21. –Did you go to the show last night
–Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area___________ (invite).
22. All the scientific evidence_____(show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming _______ (be) damaging our health.
在It is…that…强调句型中也应考虑主谓一致
It was Jim that was praised by the headmaster this morning.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
23. It is I, who _______ (be) your teacher, will try my best to help you out.
24. It is cutting down of trees that________ (destroy) the habitats of animals.
25. It_______ (be) Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago.
就远一致方面
主语后面跟有下列介词或介词短语with，along with，together with, as well as, rather than, including, like, but, except，谓语动词在人称与数上应与前边的主语一致
Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to my forty-ninth birthday party last Friday.
Alice, together with her friends, was praised for having won honor for their school.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. The musician along with his band members ______________(give) ten performances in the last three months.
2. Amy, as well as her brothers, _________ (give) a welcome when returning to the village last week.
3. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _____________(regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
4. No one but John and his teachers _________ (know) the truth of the experiment.
意义一致方面
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Her family_________ (be) larger than mine and her family __________ (watch) TV now.
2. After hearing his inspiring speech, the audience _____________(move) by his story and his words.
3. The committee _________ (make) up of 20 members, who _________ (be) all experts in medicine.
4. The police _____________(search) for the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.
5. Every possible means ____________(try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
6. All possible means ____________(try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
7. The elderly _____________ (take) good care of in our country at present.
8. Three years___________(pass) since they met last time, and for them, three years_____(be) really a long time.
9. The publication of Great Expectations, which ___________(be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading novelist.
10. The beautiful_______ (be) not always useful, while the young_______(be) always striving for something useless.
就近一致方面
并列连词either…or…, neither…nor…, not…but, not only…but also…等连接并列主语时，谓语应与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致
Is neither he nor you telling the truth
Not only you but also she is to blame for the traffic accident.
Neither the leader nor the farmers are responsible for the heavy losses.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Not only Jim but also his parents _______ (be) fond of playing basketball.
2. Both you and he _____ (be) to host the Talent Show in our school this year
3. Either you or one of your students _______ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
There be句型及The following句型语应与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致
There is a pencil and two dictionaries on the desk.
There are two dictionaries and a pencil on the desk.
The following is the information about plays which will be on these days.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
4. The following _______ (be) some other examples for you to refer to.
5. There _______(be) millions of websites on the Internet and there _______(be) a lot of useful information on the websites.
6. In the 1980s, buried in the sands ________ (be) an ancient village, like a time capsule.
考点练透
单句语法填空
1．（19-20高三下·新疆乌鲁木齐·阶段练习）Tom as well as two of his colleagues (fire) up to now.
2．（24-25高三上·黑龙江·阶段练习）The girl, as well as her parents, (be) going to visit China next week.
3．（18-19高三·全国·课后作业）The famous musician，as well as his students， (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
4．（19-20高三上·黑龙江牡丹江·期中）Twenty years (have) passed since he left his hometown.
5．（2024高三上·全国·专题练习）Tom, rather than his roommates, (be) to blame for the pollution of the river.
6．（2019高三下·全国·专题练习）Either you or one of your students (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
7．（2018高三·全国·专题练习）Mary often does some translation work to earn extra money, which (account for) half of her income.
8．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）There (be) a dictionary and two books on the desk.
9．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Two thirds of the region (pollute) in the past decade.
10．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）The beautiful (be) not always useful, while the young (be) always striving for something useless.
11．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）No one but John and his teachers (know) the truth of the experiment.
12．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns.
13．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Gas naturally (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
14．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life walking, cycling or swimming.
15．（2024高三上·全国·专题练习）Most of her followers (age) between 20 to 30.
16．（23-24高一·全国·假期作业）There (be) some Chinese and three Americans in the travelling team.
17．（23-24高一·全国·假期作业）The whole class (be) greatly moved by his words.
18．（23-24高一·全国·假期作业）The Chinese badminton team (be) playing magnificently.
19．（2024高三上·全国·专题练习）Reading articles and short posts (play) an important role in integrating knowledge and achievements.
20．（24-25高一上·全国·课后作业）The injured in the earthquake (send) to the nearest hospital yesterday.
21．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Can those tools really maximize your workout benefits The real questions surround not the (wear), but the wearer.
22．（23-24高一·全国·假期作业）Luckily, many traditional art forms like Wuxi Opera (pass) on and stay alive.
23．（2024高三上·全国·专题练习）On that day, there (be) lots of conventional celebration activities.
24．（24-25高一上·全国·课后作业）Every means (have) been used to calm the woman down.
25．（23-24高一下·广东惠州·期中）Look! The guests (show) around the factory.
26．（23-24高一下·江苏无锡·阶段练习）When I arrived there, I (strike) by the beauty of the snow-covered rural landscape.
27．（23-24高一下·全国·课前预习）As we walked into the house we (greet) by a wonderful smell of baking.
28．（23-24高二下·广东东莞·阶段练习）The population in California (explode) over the past few years and the state is faced with great challenges.
29．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Study co-author Wei-Min Wu says that in 24 hours, the plastic (turn) into carbon dioxide.
30．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）In 2008, a total of 46 Fujiantulou sites (list) as World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
语篇填空
Luoyang is one of the cities in China 31 artistic, religious and scientific cultures all once developed like never before. Daoism began there and the first Buddhist temple 32 （build）in the city. This special spot is not only the hometown of China’s most famous 33 （invent）including papermaking, printing and the compass, but also home to the nation's most brilliant poets and painters.
Today, Luoyang still attracts many tourists every year. Located in the middle reaches（中游）of the Yellow River in Central China's Henan Province and 34 （surround）by mountains and plains, Luoyang occupies 35 important strategic（战略的）location.
As one of China's ancient capitals, Luoyang was a seat of power for 13 dynasties and is a city with a splendid historical and 36 （culture）background. Its long history endows（赋予）it with rich culture, which is 37 （easy）seen in grand palaces, temples and caves. The city is also well known 38 the“City of Peony”. In spring, many tourists travel to Luoyang 39 （appreciate） the beautiful peony. Luoyang is now an energetic and charming tourist place that 40 （welcome）guests from all over the world to explore its glorious past.
完成句子
41．（2025高三·全国·专题练习） , which provides the efficient proof that China is committing its efforts to reducing carbon emission and sustainable development.
最吸引人的是新能源汽车的发展，这有效地证明了中国正在努力减少碳排放和可持续发展。
42．（23-24高三下·全国·课后作业）首先，没人在英语口语方面比得过我。此外，我擅长与其他人交流。因此，我坚信我胜任博览会志愿者的工作。
Firstly, nobody can . In addition, I am good at communicating with others. So I hold the firm belief that I for the fair.
43．（23-24高三下·全国·课后作业）我们正在爬山，这时突然下起了倾盆大雨。
it began to rain cats and dogs.
44．（24-25高三上·全国·课后作业）坦率地说，有一系列对我们英语学习有益的方法，但是找到最适合你的是非常重要的。
Frankly speaking, there are a wide range of ways our English learning, but it is of great significance to find one that suits you best.
45．（24-25高三上·全国·课后作业）她是如此的热心和外向，她很容易相处。
She is so warm hearted and outgoing that she .
46．（24-25高三上·全国·课后作业）我们必须要提出一个足够环保的方式来解决这个问题。
We must come up with a way ．
47．（23-24高三下·全国·课后作业）正如我们多次强调的，学好英语对你未来的职业发展是非常重要的。
, learning English well is of great importance to your career development in the future.
48．（23-24高三下·全国·课后作业）我们青少年喜欢“Talk and Talk”，它的重点是我们丰富多彩的校园生活。
We “Talk and Talk”, ．(非限制性定语从句)
49．（23-24高三下·全国·课后作业）就我个人而言，向外国人传播中国传统文化是我们的责任。
From my point of view, traditional Chinese cultures to foreigners.
50．（23-24高三下·全国·课后作业）你最好提前掌握一些基础的汉语，这使你容易适应在北京的新生活。
You’d better master some basic Chinese in advance, which .
51．（2012·湖北·高考真题）Little ________ what she looks like; all she cares about is her job performance. (care)
她不在乎外表，她在乎的是自己的工作表现。
52．（2012·湖北·高考真题）Things aren’t always ________. (appear)
事情往往不是它们看上去的那样。
53．（2014·湖北·高考真题）The Public Square is an eye-catching sight of the city. _______many stone sculptures of famous historical figures. (stand)
大众广场是这个城市引人注目的景点，许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那儿。
54．（2013·湖北·高考真题）The chief engineer together with his colleagues ______ new scientific methods of farming since five years ago. (look)
五年以来，总工程师和他的同事们一起一直在寻找新的科学农耕方法。
翻译
55．（2023·上海·三模）一想到这些设备可以帮助老人出行，大家都信心满满。(thought)
56．（2021·上海松江·二模）我一直相信一个人睡眠充足了才能更好地抵御情绪紊乱。(convince)
57．（2023·上海普陀·二模）ChatGPT是由人工智能研究实验室OpenAI在2022年11月30日发布的全新聊天机器人模型。(release)
58．（2023·上海普陀·二模）这家网络公司在全国各地有许多研发中心。(establish)
59．（2023·上海宝山·二模）经历了第一次高考后，许多学生弄清了自己学习中的不足之处和应对策略。( figure )
60．（2024·上海青浦·二模）旅游目的地人潮涌动，这诠释了人们对美好生活的追求，也展现了繁荣的经济。(full)
61．（2024·上海闵行·二模）短视频越来越受欢迎的原因是什么？(account)
62．（2024·上海闵行·二模）这种新产品防水耐高温，卖得很好。(resistant)
63．（23-24高三上·上海·期末）一般说来，交通繁忙的十字路口可能会发生交通事故。(happen)
64．（23-24高三上·上海静安·期末）电影里出现了许多主人公穿越沙漠的场景，象征着一种自我发现和成长的过程。(there)
65．（2014·上海·高考真题）虽然现代社会物资丰富，给予消费者更多的选择，但也使不少人变成购物狂。(turn)专题11主谓一致
目录
考点归纳
易错分析
考点练透（考点归纳，易错分析，考点练透+真题模拟）
考点归纳
语法一致原则
即主语是单数，谓语为单数；主语为复数，谓语亦为复数。
①单数主语即使后面带有由with,along with, together with, like, but ,except,besides,as well as,more than,no less than ,rather than,including,in addition to 引导的短语，谓语动词仍用单数。如：
Air as well as water is important to human beings.
②不定代词someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, nothing, anybody, anyone, anything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Someone is knocking at the door.
③用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个人，同一事，同一概念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数。如：
A hammer and a saw are useful tools.
The poet and writer has come.
④ 不定式（短语），动名词（短语）或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
Serving the people is my great happiness.
When we'll go for a picnic has been decided.
⑤ 用and 连接的并列主语被each,every或no修饰时，谓语动词 用单数。
Every boy and every girl has the right to get education .
No time and no money was wasted in the whole process.
⑥ each of + 复数代词，谓语动用单数。复数代词+each，谓语动词用复数。
Each of us has something to say。
They each have something to say。
⑦“the number of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数，“a number of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数，如：
The number of deer in our school is eight.
A number of Chinese characters were simplified .
⑧“a lot of/lots of/plenty of＋名词”，百分数（或分数）+of +可数名词单数（或不可数名词）谓语动词用单数；百分数（或分数）+of +复数名词，谓语动词用复数。如：
Twenty percent of the workers in the factory are women.
Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of earth percent of the earth is covered by water.
⑨“many a＋单数名词/ more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
More than one student is fond of playing computer games.
意义一致原则
①当主语是all of /most of/some of/half of/the rest of+名词时，如果of后面的名词表示单数概念，则谓语动词用单数形式，如果of后面的名词表示复数概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。如:
Most of the apples are rotten.
Most of the apple was eaten by a rat.
② ‘the+形容词（或分词）’指一类人，如：the rich(富人)，the living（活着的人）主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
The sick have been cured and the missing have been found.
③ 用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如：bread and butter(黄油抹面包)，knife and fork(刀叉),needle and thread 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
Bread and butter is always his favorite drink.
④ 名词如trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数。如：
My trousers are new; The scissors are sharp. His clothes are good
⑤形复意单名词如：news，以ics结尾的学科名称如：physics, mathematics;国名如：the United States;报纸名如：the New Times;书名如：Arabian Nights(天方夜谭)；以及the United Nations等作主语，谓语动词要用单数。如：
The United States is made up of 50 states.
⑥表示时间，金钱，距离，度量等的名词作主语时，尽管是复数形式，它们作为一个单一的概念时，其谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Ten miles is a good distance.
Ten dollars is all I have left.
⑦集体名词，如 family, team, group, class等看作整体时，谓语动词用单数；强调其中每一名成员时，谓语动词用复数。如：
My family is a big one with eight people.
The police are looking into the accident.
就近一致原则
①由here, there等引导的倒装句中，（有时主语不止一个时）谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。如：
Here comes the bus.
There is a convenience store and two schools nearby.
② 用连词or; either.....or...;neither....nor...；not only...but also...;not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。如：
Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.
He or you have taken my pen.
易错分析
语法一致方面
不定式、动名词和从句作主语，谓语动词用单数
Why he was absent from the meeting yesterday is being questioned.
Planning so far ahead makes no sense----so many things will have changed by next year.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. When and where to build the new factory ______________(not, decide) yet.
2. What we need _______ (be) enough water, but what they need _______ (be) houses.
3. What we used to think _______(be) impossible now does seem possible.
4. Listening to loud music at rock concerts ___________(cause) hearing loss in some teenagers.
【答案与解析】
1. isn’t decided /hasn’t been decided。动词不定式短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数；结合语境应用被动语态，故答案是isn’t decided /hasn’t been decided。
2. is; are。What引导主语从句且其解释作用，谓语动词应与be动词后面名词单复数保持一致，故答案是is; are。
3. was。used to do表示“过去常常会”，因此谓语应用一般过去时；同时从句作主语位于应用单数，故答案是was。
4. has caused。动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数，结合语境应用现在完成时，故答案是has caused。
分数,百分数,some ,all, most, the rest等修饰名词时,谓语动词与修饰的名词单复数保持一致
Most of his income has been spent on books.
What is the population of your country
Seventy percent of the population in that country are still in poverty.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
5. 40% of the population in that country ________(be) young, and two thirds of them _________(not) know how to read and write.
6. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third __________ (use) regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.
7. One-third of the country__________(cover) with trees and the majority of the citizens _______ (be) black people.
【答案与解析】
5. are; don’t。population作主语，谓语常用单数；若population被百分数、分数修饰谓语动词应用复数，故答案是are; don’t。
6. were used。分数作主语，谓语动词应与后面中心名词单复数保持一致；这里one third后面省略了of 20 notebook computers，复数意义；结合语境应用一般过去时，故答案是were used。
7. is covered; are。分数作主语，谓语动词应与后面中心名词单复数保持一致，本句分数后面中心名词是the country，单数意义；be covered with是固定词组；the majority of…短语作主语，也与中心名词一致；这里是the citizens，应用复数。故答案是is covered; are。
and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如果并列主语指同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each, every, 或no修饰时， 其谓语要用单数形式。
A cart and horse was seen in the direction of the town.
Many a boy and many a girl has made the same mistake in the math exam.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
8. Butter and bread ________(be) their daily food, but the bread and the butter __________(eat) up so far.
9. Early to bed and early to rise __________(make) a man healthy, happy and wise.
10. In our country every boy and every girl ________(have) the right to receive education.
11. A poet and artist _______ (be) coming to speak to us about Chinese literature this afternoon.
【答案与解析】
8. is; have been eaten。Butter and bread表示“黄油面包”，视为一个整体；第二空则指两件物品，应用复数，so far常与现在完成时连用，故答案是is; have been eaten。
9. makes。该句意为：早睡早起让人健康、快乐、明智。早睡早起都做到才算一个习惯，视为整体，故答案是makes。
10. has。由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果有each, every时，其谓语要用单数形式，故答案是has。
11. is。A poet and artist表示“一位作家兼诗人”作主语，指一个人，谓语用单数，故答案是is。
a large quantity/amount of…作主语，谓语动词用单数；large quantities/amounts of…作主语，谓语动词用复数
A large amount of money is spent on advertisements every year.
Large amounts of special fuel are needed to launch a rocket into space.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
12. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of earth ________(wash) away each year.
13.---Why does the lake smell terrible
---Because large quantities of water__________ (pollute).
12. are being washed。large/huge quantities of…作主语，表示“很多……”，不管后接复数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词与quantities一致用复数，结合语境该动作还在进行又是被动语态，故答案是are being washed。
13. have been polluted。large/huge quantities of…作主语，表示“很多……”，不管后接复数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词与quantities一致用复数，结合语境该动作对现在造成了影响。同时又是被动语态，故答案是have been polluted。
the number of…表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数；a number of表示“若干，许多”，谓语用复数
The number of the students in Class 7 is 65. And a number of them are keen on reading.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
14.The number of people invited ______ (be) fifty, but a number of them _______(be)absent for different reasons.
15.As you can see, the number of cars on our roads __________(keep) rising these days.
【答案与解析】
14. was; were。the number of…表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数；a number of表示“若干，许多”，谓语用复数。结合语境应用一般过去时。故答案是was; were。
15. keeps。the number of…表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数，结合语境应用一般现在时，故答案是keeps。
one of …后接定语从句，从句谓语用复数；the only one of 后接定语从句，从句谓语用单数
Johnson is one of the farmers who live in the valley.
Johnson is the only one of the farmers who lives in the valley.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
16.Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who________(wear) evening dress.
17. Tommy was one of the doctors who________ (be) devoted to saving people’s lives in WuHan.
【答案与解析】
16. wears。the only one of 后接定语从句，从句谓语用单数；结合语境应用一般现在时。故答案是wears。
17. were。句意：Tommy是武汉致力于救人的医生之一。根据前文“was”可知，本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时；分析句子可知，空格处是定语从句中的谓语动词，定语从句的先行词为the doctors，关系词替代先行词，在从句中作主语，谓语动词用复数。故填were。
all, both, each, every, either, neither, none等代词作主语，视意思而定
Each student in Class 29 has at least three dictionaries.
The students each have at least three dictionaries.
All of the money was given to the poor villagers last month.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
18. The summer holiday is coming and we each ______(be) ready for the picnic in the past weeks.
19."All _______ (be) present and all_______ (be) going on well," our head teacher said.
20. It is reported that many a new house_______________(build) at present in the disaster area.
21. –Did you go to the show last night
–Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area___________ (invite).
22. All the scientific evidence_____(show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming _______ (be) damaging our health.
【答案与解析】
18. are。本句each是同位语，真正主语是we,谓语用复数形式。故答案是are。
19. are; is。不定代词all作主语，指人时谓语用复数；指物时谓语用单数。故答案是are; is。
20. is being built。many a new house表示“许多房屋”，但是遵循“语法一致”，谓语用单数；结合语境应用现在进行时的被动语态。故答案是is being built。
21. was invited。由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each, every 或no修饰时，其谓语要用单数形式。结合语境应用一般过去时的被动语态。故答案是was invited。
22. shows; is。evidence表示“证据”，是不可数名词，谓语用单数；后半句主语是increasing use,仍是单数。故答案是shows; is。
在It is…that…强调句型中也应考虑主谓一致
It was Jim that was praised by the headmaster this morning.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
23. It is I, who _______ (be) your teacher, will try my best to help you out.
24. It is cutting down of trees that________ (destroy) the habitats of animals.
25. It_______ (be) Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago.
【答案与解析】
23. am。在It is…that…强调句型中被强调部分是主语时，who/that后面谓语应与该主语保持一致。故答案是am。
24. destroys。句意：砍伐树木破坏了动物的栖息地。去掉句中的It is 和空处后，剩余部分：cutting down of trees destroys the habitats of animals，句意完整，成分齐全，所以本句使用了强调句型，对句子的主语cutting down of trees 进行强调，动名词作主语谓语动词用单数，故填destroys。
25. was。虽然强调两个并列主语，但是It后边不是is就是was。结合语境应用一般过去时。故填was。
就远一致方面
主语后面跟有下列介词或介词短语with，along with，together with, as well as, rather than, including, like, but, except，谓语动词在人称与数上应与前边的主语一致
Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to my forty-ninth birthday party last Friday.
Alice, together with her friends, was praised for having won honor for their school.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. The musician along with his band members ______________(give) ten performances in the last three months.
2. Amy, as well as her brothers, _________ (give) a welcome when returning to the village last week.
3. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _____________(regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
4. No one but John and his teachers _________ (know) the truth of the experiment.
【答案与解析】
1. has given。in the last three months常与现在完成时连用；along with his band members是介词短语，真正主语是The musician。故答案是has given。
2. was given。last week常与一般过去时连用；as well as her brothers表示“也，而且”，谓语与真正的主语Tom保持一致，单数意义，又是被动语态。故答案是was given。
3. is regarded。Nowadays常与一般现在时连用；along with jogging and swimming是介词短语，真正主语是cycling，单数意义，又是被动含义。故答案是is regarded。
4. knows。but John and his teachers是介词短语，真正主语是No one，单数意义。结合语境应用一般现在时。故填knows。
意义一致方面
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Her family_________ (be) larger than mine and her family __________ (watch) TV now.
2. After hearing his inspiring speech, the audience _____________(move) by his story and his words.
3. The committee _________ (make) up of 20 members, who _________ (be) all experts in medicine.
4. The police _____________(search) for the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.
5. Every possible means ____________(try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
6. All possible means ____________(try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
7. The elderly _____________ (take) good care of in our country at present.
8. Three years___________(pass) since they met last time, and for them, three years_____(be) really a long time.
9. The publication of Great Expectations, which ___________(be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading novelist.
10. The beautiful_______ (be) not always useful, while the young_______(be) always striving for something useless.
【答案与解析】
1. is；are watching。该句意为：他们家庭比我们家大，现在她的家人们正在看电视。第一空family指整体，单数；第二空指家庭成员，应用复数。故答案是is；are watching。
2. were moved。根据语境逻辑应用一般过去时的被动语态；这里强调观众们，强调成员，应用复数形式。故答案是were moved。
3. is made; are。be made up of表示“由……组成”；the committee这里强调整体，单数意义。第二空是定语从句，先行词是20 members，复数意义，故答案是is made; are。
4. were searching。was/were doing…when…是固定句型，表示“正在做某事这时发生另一件意外的事”；police表示警察总称，复数意义。故答案是were searching。
5. has been tried。means用作名词，表示“方式；方法”，单复数同形。本句中means前边有限定词every,单数意义，故答案是has been tried。
6. have been tried。means用作名词，表示“方式；方法”，单复数同形。本句中means前边有限定词all,复数意义，故答案是have been tried。
7. are taken。结合语境应用被动语态；at present暗示用一般现在时；The elderly相当于The elderly people，复数意义，故答案是are taken。
8. has passed; is。前半句since应与现在完成时连用；时间、距离、金钱类名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数；第二空仍是单数意义，故答案是has passed; is。
9. was。Great Expectations是英国小说家狄更斯的名著《远大前程》，表示书籍、单位等概念应视为单数；结合语境应用一般过去时，故答案是was。
10. is; are。“the+形容词”表示抽象概念谓语用单数；“the+形容词”表示一类人谓语用复数。故答案是is; are。
就近一致方面
并列连词either…or…, neither…nor…, not…but, not only…but also…等连接并列主语时，谓语应与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致
Is neither he nor you telling the truth
Not only you but also she is to blame for the traffic accident.
Neither the leader nor the farmers are responsible for the heavy losses.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Not only Jim but also his parents _______ (be) fond of playing basketball.
2. Both you and he _____ (be) to host the Talent Show in our school this year
3. Either you or one of your students _______ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
【答案与解析】
1. are。not only…but also…表示“不但……而且……”，这里距离谓语最近的主语是his parents，复数意义。故答案是are。
2. are。both…and表示“不但……而且……”，连接并列主语谓语抖音用复数形式。故答案是are。
3. is。either…or…表示“或者……或者……”，这里距离谓语最近的主语是one of your students，单数意义。be to do表示按计划将要发生，故答案是is。
There be句型及The following句型语应与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致
There is a pencil and two dictionaries on the desk.
There are two dictionaries and a pencil on the desk.
The following is the information about plays which will be on these days.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
4. The following _______ (be) some other examples for you to refer to.
5. There _______(be) millions of websites on the Internet and there _______(be) a lot of useful information on the websites.
6. In the 1980s, buried in the sands ________ (be) an ancient village, like a time capsule.
【答案与解析】
4. are。The following….属于倒装句，be动词应与后边的主语单复数保持一致。本句主语是some other examples，故答案是are。
5. are; is。There be…句型属于倒装句，be动词应与后边的主语单复数保持一致。两句主语分别是millions of websites和a lot of useful information，故答案是are; is。
6. was。句意：20世纪80年代，一个古老的村庄被埋在沙里，就像一个时间胶囊。根据句中时间状语In the 1980s可知，用一般过去时。分析句子结构可知，本句为倒装句，主语是 an ancient village，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填was。
考点练透
单句语法填空
1．（19-20高三下·新疆乌鲁木齐·阶段练习）Tom as well as two of his colleagues (fire) up to now.
【答案】has been fired
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，汤姆和他的两个同事已经被开除了。由up to now判断为现在完成时，as well as“和……”有就远原则，故主语只看Tom，他和fire之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，主语Tom是第三人称单数，故填has been fired。
2．（24-25高三上·黑龙江·阶段练习）The girl, as well as her parents, (be) going to visit China next week.
【答案】is
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个女孩和她的父母下周将访问中国。当主语后面跟有 as well as 连接的名词时，谓语动词的形式要和主语保持一致。本句的主语是 The girl，为第三人称单数，根据 next week可知用一般将来时，be going to结构中，be动词用 is。故填is。
3．（18-19高三·全国·课后作业）The famous musician，as well as his students， (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
【答案】was invited
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：著名的音乐家及其学生受邀在2012年台北花卉博览会开幕式上表演。as well as连接两个并列的名词作主语，谓语动词应和前面的名词一致，故用单数。本题只是陈述在过去的时间发生的事，故用一般过去时，由于the famous musician和invite之间是被动关系。故填was invited。
4．（19-20高三上·黑龙江牡丹江·期中）Twenty years (have) passed since he left his hometown.
【答案】has
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：自从他离开家乡，二十年已经过去了。主语为twenty years，将这一段时间看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。故填has。
5．（2024高三上·全国·专题练习）Tom, rather than his roommates, (be) to blame for the pollution of the river.
【答案】was
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这条河的污染应该归咎于汤姆，而不是他的室友。此处为rather than连接的两个名词作主语，谓语动词要和rather than前面的名词在人称和数上保持一致，所以，谓语动词由Tom来决定，根据句意可知，句子描述的是发生在过去的事，应用一般过去时，主语是单数，be动词应用was。故填was。
6．（2019高三下·全国·专题练习）Either you or one of your students (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
【答案】is
【详解】句意：不是你，就是你的一个学生将参加明天的会议。由either…or连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数形式按毗邻一致的原则，与贴近它的主语一致。当one of结构作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，所以填is。
7．（2018高三·全国·专题练习）Mary often does some translation work to earn extra money, which (account for) half of her income.
【答案】accounts for
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：玛丽经常做些翻译工作来赚取外快，这占了她收入的一半。account for表“(在数量上、比例上)占…比例”。这里时态应与前文保持一致用一般现在时，which指代前面extra money，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填accounts for。
8．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）There (be) a dictionary and two books on the desk.
【答案】is
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：桌子上有一本词典和两本书。句子描述现在的一般情况，使用一般现在时，there be句型中有并列的主语时，谓语动词的单复数应和最近的主语保持一致，a dictionary是单数，所以be动词使用is。故填is。
9．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Two thirds of the region (pollute) in the past decade.
【答案】has been polluted
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：过去十年，该地区三分之二的地区都被污染了。空处作句子谓语，根据时间状语“in the past decade”可知，句子用现在完成时，主语“Two thirds of the region”和“pollute”之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，主语表示单数概念，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，即has been polluted。故填has been polluted。
10．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）The beautiful (be) not always useful, while the young (be) always striving for something useless.
【答案】 is are
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：美丽并不总是有用的，而年轻人总是在追求无用的东西。第一空，句子描述现在的情况，应用一般现在时，“the+形容词”表示抽象概念，谓语用第三人称单数形式，be动词使用is；第二空，句子描述现在正在进行的情况，应用现在进行时，“the+形容词”表示一类人，为复数意义，be动词使用are，与空后的striving 构成现在进行时。故填①is，②are。
11．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）No one but John and his teachers (know) the truth of the experiment.
【答案】knows
【详解】考查动词单三。句意：除了约翰和他的老师，没有人知道实验的真相。but John and his teachers是介词短语，真正主语是No one，单数意义。结合语境，叙述事实情况，应用一般现在时。故填knows。
12．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns.
【答案】 themes were
【详解】考查名词的数、时态和主谓一致。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”第一空主句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式，所以填themes。第二空为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数，所以用谓语动词were。故填themes；were。
13．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Gas naturally (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
【答案】has
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：天然气本身没有可识别的气味。但是，我们添加了一种强烈的气味，这样当我们闻到与危险相关的气味时，就可以发出警报。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。
14．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life walking, cycling or swimming.
【答案】 is than
【详解】考查动词时态、主谓一致和比较级。句意：虽然定期跑步不能让你长生不老，但该评论称，在延长寿命方面，跑步比散步、骑自行车或游泳更有效。根据can’t和says可知，该句描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。分析句子结构可知，it指代前文running，主谓一致，空1应用is；根据more effective可知，此处表示比较级，要than构成形容词的比较级。故空1填is；故空2填than。
15．（2024高三上·全国·专题练习）Most of her followers (age) between 20 to 30.
【答案】are aged
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：她的大多数粉丝年龄在20到30岁之间。表示“年龄为多少”的短语为“be aged+数字”，此处陈述事实用一般现在时，主语“Most of her followers”为复数意义，谓语动词用复数，故填are aged。
16．（23-24高一·全国·假期作业）There (be) some Chinese and three Americans in the travelling team.
【答案】are
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：旅行团中有一些中国人和三位美国人。空处是句子的谓语动词，句子描述的是一个现在的状态或事实，即旅行团当前的构成情况，应用一般现在时，此处构成“there be”结构，表示“有”，be 动词形式就近原则，应与就近主语“some Chinese ”保持一致，主语为复数意义，应用are。故填are。
17．（23-24高一·全国·假期作业）The whole class (be) greatly moved by his words.
【答案】were
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：全班都被他的话深深感动了。此句陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时，此句话的主语是the whole class，根据句意，此处指的是全班同学，故谓语动词应用复数形式were。故填were。
18．（23-24高一·全国·假期作业）The Chinese badminton team (be) playing magnificently.
【答案】is
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：中国羽毛球队打得很好。此处描述正在进行的动作，用现在进行时；team是集体名词，此处强调整体，用单数。故填is。
19．（2024高三上·全国·专题练习）Reading articles and short posts (play) an important role in integrating knowledge and achievements.
【答案】plays
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：阅读文章和短文在整合知识与成果中发挥着重要作用。描述事物的一般情况，句子应用一般现在时，单个动名词作主语，空处谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填plays。
20．（24-25高一上·全国·课后作业）The injured in the earthquake (send) to the nearest hospital yesterday.
【答案】were sent
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：地震中的伤者昨天被送往最近的医院。主语The injured和动词send之间是被动关系，结合时间状语yesterday可知此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语“the+形容词”表示一类人，为复数意义，be动词使用were。故填were sent。
21．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Can those tools really maximize your workout benefits The real questions surround not the (wear), but the wearer.
【答案】wearable
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些工具真的能最大限度地提高你的锻炼效果吗？真正的问题不在于可穿戴设备，而在于穿戴者本身。“定冠词+形容词”表示一类人或事物，此处指的是“可穿戴的设备”，用the+ wearable。故填wearable。
22．（23-24高一·全国·假期作业）Luckily, many traditional art forms like Wuxi Opera (pass) on and stay alive.
【答案】are passed
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：幸运的是，许多传统艺术形式，如无锡戏曲，被传承下来并保持了活力。pass (传承)是句中谓语动词，与主语many traditional art forms之间是被动关系，描述客观事实，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时的被动语态，复数形式。故填are passed。
23．（2024高三上·全国·专题练习）On that day, there (be) lots of conventional celebration activities.
【答案】are
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在那一天，有很多传统的庆祝活动。there be句型中的谓语动词单复数一般采用“就近原则”，与后面的名词保持人称和数的一致，后面的中心词是activities，所以要填复数形式，描述一般事实用一般现在时。故填are。
24．（24-25高一上·全国·课后作业）Every means (have) been used to calm the woman down.
【答案】has
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：已用尽一切办法使那女人平静下来。此空为句子的谓语部分，结合句意以及提示词可知，此处应为现在完成时的被动语态，主语means意为“方式，方法”为单复数同形，every修饰means表示单数意义，所以谓语动词为单数形式。故填has。
25．（23-24高一下·广东惠州·期中）Look! The guests (show) around the factory.
【答案】are being shown
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：看！客人们在被领着参观工厂。show(带领，引领)是句中谓语动词，与主语The guests之间是被动关系，结合Look!可知，描述正在发生的事情，用现在进行时的被动语态，又因主语是复数名词，谓语也用复数形式。故填are being shown。
26．（23-24高一下·江苏无锡·阶段练习）When I arrived there, I (strike) by the beauty of the snow-covered rural landscape.
【答案】was struck
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：当我到达那里时，我被白雪覆盖的乡村美景所吸引。此空为主句的谓语动词，根据时间状语从句中的谓语动词arrived可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时，strike与主语I之间为被动关系，所以此处使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第一人称。故填was struck。
27．（23-24高一下·全国·课前预习）As we walked into the house we (greet) by a wonderful smell of baking.
【答案】were greeted
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：当我们走进房子时，迎接我们的是一股美妙的烘焙气味。根据句中walked可知，句子使用一般过去时，结合语意，greet与主语we之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是we，be动词使用were。故填were greeted。
28．（23-24高二下·广东东莞·阶段练习）The population in California (explode) over the past few years and the state is faced with great challenges.
【答案】has exploded
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年里，加利福尼亚州的人口激增，该州面临着巨大的挑战。根据句中的over the past few years可知，谓语动词explode应用现在完成时，表示动作从过去某一时间一直持续到现在，而且还有可能继续下去。主语为population，助动词应用has。故填has exploded。
29．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Study co-author Wei-Min Wu says that in 24 hours, the plastic (turn) into carbon dioxide.
【答案】is turned
【详解】考查动词的时态语态和主谓一致。句意：该研究合著者吴唯民说，24小时之内，塑料就被转化为二氧化碳了。say后接宾语从句，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时态，此处turn作谓语，与主语the plastic之间为动宾关系，聚苯乙烯是被黄粉虫消化而转化成二氧化碳的，故用被动语态，主语the plastic为不可数名词，助动词应用is。故填is turned。
30．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）In 2008, a total of 46 Fujiantulou sites (list) as World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
【答案】were listed
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：2008年，共有46处福建土楼遗址被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。时间状语In 2008表明事情发生在过去，46 Fujiantulou sites与list“把……列入名单”之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。故填were listed。
语篇填空
Luoyang is one of the cities in China 31 artistic, religious and scientific cultures all once developed like never before. Daoism began there and the first Buddhist temple 32 （build）in the city. This special spot is not only the hometown of China’s most famous 33 （invent）including papermaking, printing and the compass, but also home to the nation's most brilliant poets and painters.
Today, Luoyang still attracts many tourists every year. Located in the middle reaches（中游）of the Yellow River in Central China's Henan Province and 34 （surround）by mountains and plains, Luoyang occupies 35 important strategic（战略的）location.
As one of China's ancient capitals, Luoyang was a seat of power for 13 dynasties and is a city with a splendid historical and 36 （culture）background. Its long history endows（赋予）it with rich culture, which is 37 （easy）seen in grand palaces, temples and caves. The city is also well known 38 the“City of Peony”. In spring, many tourists travel to Luoyang 39 （appreciate） the beautiful peony. Luoyang is now an energetic and charming tourist place that 40 （welcome）guests from all over the world to explore its glorious past.
【答案】
31．where 32．was built 33．inventions 34．surrounded 35．an 36．cultural 37．easily 38．as 39．to appreciate 40．welcomes
【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了中国历史文化名城——洛阳。
31．考查关系副词。Luoyang是先行词，在定语从句中充当地点状语成分，故填where。
32．考查动词的时态和语态。the first Buddhist temple是主语，与谓语动词build是被动关系，began提示是过去时态，故填was built。
33．考查名词。根据后面列举的发明判断是很多发明，用复数形式，故填inventions。
34．考查非谓语动词。根据and判断此处与Located并列用非谓语动词，“包围”和“大山”是被动关系，用过去分词，故填surrounded。
35．考查冠词。此处表示“洛阳占据一个重要的位置”，故填an。
36．考查形容词。根据historical and判断要用形容词形式，形容词修饰名词，故填cultural。
37．考查副词。副词修饰动词，故填easily。
38．考查固定搭配。be known as“作为……而著名”，故填as。
39．考查非谓语动词。表示目的，用动词不定式，故填to appreciate。
40．考查主谓一致。that指代place作主语，谓语动词用单数，故填welcomes。
完成句子
41．（2025高三·全国·专题练习） , which provides the efficient proof that China is committing its efforts to reducing carbon emission and sustainable development.
最吸引人的是新能源汽车的发展，这有效地证明了中国正在努力减少碳排放和可持续发展。
【答案】What attracts people most is the development of new energy vehicle
【详解】考查时态，从句和名词。由下文的provides和句意可知，从句用一般现在时，主语是what，“最吸引人的是”可以用what引导的名词性从句作主语，翻译为What attracts people most；主语从句作主语谓语动词用单数，“是”用is；“新能源汽车的发展”翻译为the development of new energy vehicle，名词短语作表语。故填What attracts people most is the development of new energy vehicle。
42．（23-24高三下·全国·课后作业）首先，没人在英语口语方面比得过我。此外，我擅长与其他人交流。因此，我坚信我胜任博览会志愿者的工作。
Firstly, nobody can . In addition, I am good at communicating with others. So I hold the firm belief that I for the fair.
【答案】 equal me in oral English am equal to the job as a volunteer
【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意，表示“在某事上比得过某人”应为equal sb. in sth.，表示“我”应为me作equal的宾语，表示“英语口语”应为oral English作介词in的宾语，且位于情态动词之后，equal应为原形，所以第一空为equal me in oral English；第二空表示“胜任某事”应为be equal to sth.，根据句子主语I以及主句的谓语动词hold可知句子时态为一般现在时，be动词应为am，表示“志愿者的工作”应为the job as a volunteer，所以第二空应为 am equal to the job as a volunteer。故填①equal me in oral English②am equal to the job as a volunteer。
43．（23-24高三下·全国·课后作业）我们正在爬山，这时突然下起了倾盆大雨。
it began to rain cats and dogs.
【答案】We were climbing the hill when
【详解】考查固定句型。此处使用固定句型“be doing sth when...”，表示“正在做某事，这时（突然）……”，“爬山”使用动词短语climb the hill，结合began可知此处使用过去进行时，主语we表示复数意义，be动词用were，故填We were climbing the hill when。
44．（24-25高三上·全国·课后作业）坦率地说，有一系列对我们英语学习有益的方法，但是找到最适合你的是非常重要的。
Frankly speaking, there are a wide range of ways our English learning, but it is of great significance to find one that suits you best.
【答案】that/which are of great benefit to
【详解】考查定语从句。“对……有益”使用固定短语be of great benefit to，空处引导定语从句，先行词是ways，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导，句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，关系词指代ways表示复数意义，be动词使用are，故填that/which are of great benefit to。
45．（24-25高三上·全国·课后作业）她是如此的热心和外向，她很容易相处。
She is so warm hearted and outgoing that she .
【答案】is easy to get along with
【详解】考查动词短语。此处使用“be+形容词+动词不定式”结构，“容易”使用形容词easy，“相处”使用动词短语get along with，句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，主语she表示单数意义，be动词使用is，故填is easy to get along with。
46．（24-25高三上·全国·课后作业）我们必须要提出一个足够环保的方式来解决这个问题。
We must come up with a way ．
【答案】that/which is environment friendly enough to solve the problem
【详解】考查定语从句。“足够……做某事”使用固定句型“be+形容词+enough+to do sth”，“环保”使用形容词environment friendly，“解决这个问题”使用动词短语solve the problem，空处引导定语从句，先行词是way，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which，句子使用一般现在时，关系词指代way表示单数意义，be动词使用is，故填that/which is environment friendly enough to solve the problem。
47．（23-24高三下·全国·课后作业）正如我们多次强调的，学好英语对你未来的职业发展是非常重要的。
, learning English well is of great importance to your career development in the future.
【答案】As has been stressed many times
【详解】考查定语从句。“强调”使用动词stress，“多次”译为many times，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是后面的主句，关系词在从句中作主语，有“正如”之意，使用关系代词as引导，和动词stress之间是被动关系，且从句是描述过去发生的事情对现在的影响，使用现在完成时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，故填As has been stressed many times。
48．（23-24高三下·全国·课后作业）我们青少年喜欢“Talk and Talk”，它的重点是我们丰富多彩的校园生活。
We “Talk and Talk”, ．(非限制性定语从句)
【答案】 teenagers are attracted to which mainly focuses on our varied and colorful campus life
【详解】考查句子结构、非限制性定语从句。表示“青少年”为名词复数teenagers，作We的同位语；本句描述现实状况，用一般现在时，主谓一致，表示“喜欢”可用固定搭配are attracted to；用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，表示“它的重点是我们丰富多彩的校园生活”为which mainly focuses on our varied and colorful campus life，which指代先行词“Talk and Talk”，为单数，主谓一致，固定搭配focus on“聚焦于”中谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填①teenagers are attracted to；②which mainly focuses on our varied and colorful campus life。
49．（23-24高三下·全国·课后作业）就我个人而言，向外国人传播中国传统文化是我们的责任。
From my point of view, traditional Chinese cultures to foreigners.
【答案】it’s our responsibility to spread
【详解】考查it用法和非谓语动词。“传播”使用动词spread，此处使用it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，“责任”使用名词responsibility，句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，主语it表示单数意义，be动词用is，故填it’s our responsibility to spread。
50．（23-24高三下·全国·课后作业）你最好提前掌握一些基础的汉语，这使你容易适应在北京的新生活。
You’d better master some basic Chinese in advance, which .
【答案】makes it easy for you to adjust to the new life in Beijing
【详解】考查make的复合结构。此处使用“make+宾语+宾补”结构，“容易”使用形容词easy，作宾补，“适应在北京的新生活”译为动词短语adjust to the new life in Beijing，使用it作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的宾语，which指代前面的句子，在从句中作主语，表示单数意义，句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，谓语动词用单数形式，故填makes it easy for you to adjust to the new life in Beijing。
51．（2012·湖北·高考真题）Little ________ what she looks like; all she cares about is her job performance. (care)
她不在乎外表，她在乎的是自己的工作表现。
【答案】does she care (about)
【详解】考查倒装句和主谓一致。句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时；表示“她关心”应用she cares (about)，否定副词little位于句首，句子需要部分倒装，助动词用does。故填does she care (about)。
52．（2012·湖北·高考真题）Things aren’t always ________. (appear)
事情往往不是它们看上去的那样。
【答案】what they appear (to be)
【详解】考查表语从句和时态，主谓一致。表示“它们看上去的那样”应用what they appear (to be)，what引导表语从句，在从句中作表语，从句陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为they，谓语动词用原形，故填what they appear (to be)。
53．（2014·湖北·高考真题）The Public Square is an eye-catching sight of the city. _______many stone sculptures of famous historical figures. (stand)
大众广场是这个城市引人注目的景点，许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那儿。
【答案】There stand
【详解】考查全部倒装，主谓一致和时态。根据汉语意思以及句意“许多历史名人的石雕矗立在那儿”可知；本句中的主语是许多历史名人的石雕即many stone sculptures of famous historical figures；谓语动词是“矗立”用stand表示，“那儿”为地点状语用there表示；句子为一般现在时，为了保持句子结构平衡；将there置于句首，用全部倒装。主语stone sculptures为复数，所以动词用原形。故填There stand。
54．（2013·湖北·高考真题）The chief engineer together with his colleagues ______ new scientific methods of farming since five years ago. (look)
五年以来，总工程师和他的同事们一起一直在寻找新的科学农耕方法。
【答案】has been looking for
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。根据所给句子中时间状语since five years ago可知，本句时态为现在完成进行时，表示自过去某一时间点一直在进行的动作。由A together with B连接的主语，主语由A决定，句子主语为“The chief engineer”，因此谓语动词需使用单数形式。故填has been looking for。
翻译
55．（2023·上海·三模）一想到这些设备可以帮助老人出行，大家都信心满满。(thought)
【答案】At the thought of these devices that can help the elderly travel, everyone is confident.
【详解】考查介词短语和时态。句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时。“一想起”为介词短语at the thought of，“这些设备”为these devices，“可以帮助老人出行”写成定语从句，修饰名词devices，翻译为“can help the elderly travel”，从句缺少主语，且先行词为物，可用that来引导，主句“大家都自信满满”翻译为everyone is confident。故整句翻译为At the thought of these devices that can help the elderly travel, everyone is confident.
56．（2021·上海松江·二模）我一直相信一个人睡眠充足了才能更好地抵御情绪紊乱。(convince)
【答案】I’m always convinced that a person can better fight against emotional disorders when he sleeps well/adequately.
【详解】考查固定句型及动词短语。句子陈述目前的事实，应用一般现在时。“我一直相信”可以使用固定句型，译为I’m always convinced that，“一个人”译为a person，“才能更好地抵御”译为can better fight against，“情绪紊乱”译为emotional disorders，“睡眠充足了”可以使用when引导时间状语从句，译为when he sleeps well/adequately。故翻译为I’m always convinced that a person can better fight against emotional disorders when he sleeps well/adequately.
57．（2023·上海普陀·二模）ChatGPT是由人工智能研究实验室OpenAI在2022年11月30日发布的全新聊天机器人模型。(release)
【答案】CHATGPT is a new chatbot model released by Artificial Intelligence Research Lab OpenAI on November 30,2022.
【详解】考查一般现在时、主谓一致和过去分词作后置定语。该句在描述一个客观事实，句子用一般现在时，ChatGPT是句子主语，谓语动词用动词的第三人称单数形式；“人工智能研究实验室OpenAI”的英文表达是Artificial Intelligence Research Lab OpenAI；“在2022年11月30日”的英文表达是on November 30,2022；“发布的全新聊天机器人模型”的英文表达是a new chatbot model released，released作后置定语，修饰a new chatbot model，且二者之间是被动关系。故整句翻译为CHATGPT is a new chatbot model released by Artificial Intelligence Research Lab OpenAI on November 30,2022.
58．（2023·上海普陀·二模）这家网络公司在全国各地有许多研发中心。(establish)
【答案】The internet company has established many research and development centers across the country.
【详解】考查现在完成时和主谓一致。该句在描述到目前为止已经完成的事情，句子用现在完成时；“这家网络公司”的英文表达是the internet company，在句中作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；“有许多研发中心”的英文表达是establish many research and development centers；“在全国各地”的英文表达是across the country。故答案为The internet company has established many research and development centers across the country.
59．（2023·上海宝山·二模）经历了第一次高考后，许多学生弄清了自己学习中的不足之处和应对策略。( figure )
【答案】Having experienced the first college entrance exam, many students have figured out their own disadvantages in learning and strategies for them.
【详解】考查时态，非谓语动词和短语。根据句意可知，用现在完成时，“经历”experience，“第一次高考”the first college entrance exam，用现在分词的完成时作状语，主语many students，谓语figure out“弄清楚”，“学习中的不足之处和应对策略”disadvantages in learning and strategies，注意主谓一致，故译为Having experienced the first college entrance exam, many students have figured out their own disadvantages in learning and strategies for them.
60．（2024·上海青浦·二模）旅游目的地人潮涌动，这诠释了人们对美好生活的追求，也展现了繁荣的经济。(full)
【答案】Tourist destinations are full of visitors, which illustrates/interprets people’s pursuit of a beautiful/good life and presents a booming economy.
【详解】考查名词、时态、固定短语、定语从句、形容词。表示“旅游目的地”用tourist destination，结合句意可知，旅游目的地不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作主语，tourist位于句首，首字母大写。表示“充满”用be full of，结合语境可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为Tourist destinations，故be动词用are。表示“游客”用visitor，结合句意可知，游客不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作of的宾语。表示“这诠释了人们对美好生活的追求，也展现了繁荣的经济。”用定语从句，修饰主句，关系词代替主句在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。从句中：表示“诠释”用illustrate/interpret，结合语境可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语which指代主句，故谓语用第三人称单数。表示“人们对美好生活的追求”用people’s pursuit of a beautiful/good life，作illustrates/interprets的宾语；表示“展现”用present，与illustrates/interprets并列，用第三人称单数，用连词and与illustrates/interprets连接。表示“繁荣的”用形容词booming，作定语，修饰“经济”；表示“经济”用economy，作presents的宾语。故翻译为Tourist destinations are full of visitors, which illustrates/interprets people’s pursuit of a beautiful/good life and presents a booming economy.
61．（2024·上海闵行·二模）短视频越来越受欢迎的原因是什么？(account)
【答案】What accounts for the growing popularity of short videos
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。“短视频越来越受欢迎的原因是什么？”即“什么因素导致了短视频越来越受欢迎？”，“短视频”为“short videos”，“越来越受欢迎”为“growing popularity”，则“短视频越来越受欢迎”为“the growing popularity of short videos”，“导致，解释”为“account for”，句子描述的是客观存在的现状，谓语动词使用一般现在时，主语“什么”为“what”，谓语动词使用单数，故翻译为What accounts for the growing popularity of short videos
62．（2024·上海闵行·二模）这种新产品防水耐高温，卖得很好。(resistant)
【答案】The new product is resistant to water and heat, and sells well.
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。这种新产品是主语译为“the new product”，短语be resistant to，意为“抵抗……的”，描述一般事实，用一般现在时，主语单数，谓语第三人称单数形式，水和高温作宾语，译为“water and heat”，卖得很好译为“sell well”，和前半句并列用and的连接，所以sell也用一般现在时，并且用第三人称单数形式，故翻译为The new product is resistant to water and heat, and sells well.
63．（23-24高三上·上海·期末）一般说来，交通繁忙的十字路口可能会发生交通事故。(happen)
【答案】Generally speaking, traffic accidents are likely to happen at a crossroads where traffic is heavy.
【详解】考查固定搭配和时态。表示“一般说来”应用固定搭配generally speaking；表示“交通事故”应用traffic accidents；表示“可能做某事”应用be likely to do sth.，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词使用复数形式；表示“发生”应用happen，位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形；表示“在十字路口”应用at a crossroads；表示“交通繁忙的”应用where traffic is heavy，此处where引导定语从句，修饰先行词crossroads，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语。故翻译成：Generally speaking, traffic accidents are likely to happen at a crossroads where traffic is heavy.。
64．（23-24高三上·上海静安·期末）电影里出现了许多主人公穿越沙漠的场景，象征着一种自我发现和成长的过程。(there)
【答案】In the film, there are many scenes of the hero crossing the desert, symbolizing/which symbolizes a process of self-discovery and growth.
【详解】考查动词时态和固定句型。句子陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，状语“电影里”应用in the film；表示“出现了许多主人公的场景”应用there are many scenes of the hero；表示“穿越沙漠”应用cross the desert，修饰名词hero，二者为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式作后置定语；表示“象征着”应用symbolize，此处可以用非谓语动词作状语，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式，也可以处理为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导，symbolize使用第三人称单数形式；宾语“一种自我发现和成长的过程”应用a process of self-discovery and growth。故翻译成：In the film, there are many scenes of the hero crossing the desert, symbolizing/which symbolizes a process of self-discovery and growth.
65．（2014·上海·高考真题）虽然现代社会物资丰富，给予消费者更多的选择，但也使不少人变成购物狂。(turn)
【答案】While modern society, rich in material resources, has given consumers more choice, it turns many of them into crazy shoppers.
【详解】考查让步状语从句、短语和名词。表示“尽管，虽然”用连词While，且不需要倒装；表示“现代社会”用 modern society；表示“丰富”用词组be rich in，且省去be做后置定语；表示“物资”用material resources；表示“消费者”用consumers；表示“更多的选择”用more choice；表示“变成”用词组turn…into…，用一般现在时的单三形式；表示“购物狂”用crazy shoppers。故翻译为While modern society, rich in material resources, has given consumers more choice, it turns many of them into crazy shoppers.
