Unit 1 Helping those in need 单元话题阅读理解（含答案+解析） -2024-2025学年八年级英语下册单元重难点高频易错题专练（沪教牛津版）
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| 名称 | Unit 1 Helping those in need 单元话题阅读理解（含答案+解析） -2024-2025学年八年级英语下册单元重难点高频易错题专练（沪教牛津版） |  | |
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2024-2025学年八年级英语下册单元重难点高频易错题专练（沪教牛津版）
Unit 1 Helping those in need 单元话题阅读理解
一、阅读理解
As a volunteer teacher, I travelled a long way to a small village school in Longzhou, Guangxi. On my way there, I thought about the village, the school, and the children there. However, my heart sank when I arrived there. It wasn't what I expected. It didn't look like a school at all. The school had only 3 classrooms, one for Grades 1, 2 and 3, and another for Grades 4, 5 and 6. There was a third one for me.
The children welcomed me warmly on my first day. They asked me a lot of questions, and I told them stories and my life in Shanghai. The next day, I gave them a test to find out their level. To my surprise, although the test was very easy, over half of them failed it, and yet they all wanted to learn new things. I knew they needed me.
I was busy preparing lessons, and reading test papers every night. I enjoyed teaching these lovely and hard—working children, and I could see that they were making progress with my help. I have also learned a lot from them. I understand their lives better and we are now good friends.
I have worked in Longzhou for a year by now. I'm very happy, and the experience has been very useful for me. I love the small village and the children. In fact, I would like to continue working here.
（1）The writer found there was/were only ___________classroom (s) in that school.
A．two B．three C．six D．one
（2）In the passage, "my heart sank" means that the writer___________.
A．felt excited B．was happy C．felt sad D．was angry
（3）The writer found the students' level was ___________she had expected after the first test.
A．just as B．higher than C．lower than D．as low as
（4）What does the writer think of her experience in Longzhou
A．It is boring. B．It is silly.
C．It is meaningless. D．It is useful.
（5）Which of the following statements is NOT true
A．Both the volunteer teacher and the students worked so hard.
B．The volunteer teacher doesn't like to work there any longer.
C．The students became better and better with the help of the volunteer teacher.
D．The experience in Longzhou is useful for the volunteer teacher.
阅读理解
In the United States, when one becomes rich, he wants people to know it. And even if he does not become very rich, he wants people to think that he is. That is what "keeping up with the Joneses" is about, It is the story of someone who tried to look as rich as his neighbours.
The expression was first used in 1913 by a young American called Arthur Momand. He told this story about himself. He began earning $ 125 a week at the age of 23. That was a lot of money in those days. He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighbourhood outside New York City. When he saw that rich people rode horses, Momand went horseback riding every day. When he saw that rich people had servants. Momand and his wife also hired a servant and gave big parties for their new neighbours.
It was like a race, but one could never finish this race because one was always trying to keep up. The race ended for Momand and his wife when they could no longer pay for their new way of life. They moved back to an apartment(公寓房间) in New York City.
Momand looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with rich life--style of their neighbours. He saw the funny side of it and started to write a series (系列) of short stories, He called it "Keeping up with the Joneses' because ‘Jones' is a very common name in the United States." Keeping up with the Joneses' came to mean keeping up with rich lifestyle of the people around you. Momand's series appeared in different newspapers across the country for over 28 years.
People never seem to get tired of keeping up with the Joneses. And there are "Jonses" in every city of the world. But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses because no matter what one does, Mr. Jones always seems to be ahead.
2．Some people want to keep up with the Joneses because they ____.
A．want to be as rich as their neighbours
B．want others to know or to think that they are rich
C．don't want others to know they are rich
D．want to be happy
3．It can be inferred from the story that rich people like to ____.
A．live outside New York City B．live in New York City
C．live in apartments D．have many neighbours
4．The underlined word neighbourhood in the second paragraph means ____.
A．a person who lives near another
B．people living in an area
C．an area near the place referred to
D．an area in another town or city
5．Arthur Momand used the name "Jones" in his series of short stories because "Jones" is ____.
A．an important name
B．a popular name in the United States
C．his neighbour's name
D．not a good name
6．According to the writer, it is____to keep up with the Joneses.
A．correct B．interesting C．impossible D．good
7．阅读理解
Actress Jiang Yiyan has spent around a month a year volunteering as a teacher in mountainous villages in Guangxi for nine years in a row (连续).
In 2007, when she took part in film shooting in that area, she was shocked by the poverty (贫穷) there. Children had to walk along mountainous roads to attend classes at a neighboring village school. So she came up with the idea of doing something for these children.
Besides giving classes, Jiang also plays games with children and sings songs for them. And she cares much for their daily life. Moreover, she donated 1 million yuan to set up a fund (基金) for students there.
"Like the grass in stone clefts (裂缝), they have to try their best to find sunshine on their own rather than waiting for others to do it for them," Jiang said.
When asked how she persisted in her volunteer service for such a long time, Jiang said, "I'm not persisting but enjoying."
"It's not that I gave these kids love. I am actually learning about love," Jiang added. To enjoy and share love is seen as the most important thing in her life.
At the same time, children in the big mountains have also influenced Jiang.
"Whenever I meet with something difficult to do, I'll think of these kids. Born in the kind of environment, they have to learn to face a lot of difficult things from birth. So, why can't I " said Jiang.
（1）Jiang Yiyan spends_________ as a teacher in mountainous villages in Guangxi.
A．a day a week B．a day a month
C．a week a month D．a month a year
（2）When did Jiang Yiyan come up with the idea of doing something for the children there
A．In 1987. B．In 1997. C．In 2007. D．In 2017.
（3）What does the underlined word "persisted" mean in Chinese
A．放弃 B．坚持 C．拒绝 D．宽容
（4）The best title of this passage is "___________".
A．The children's poverty B．The mountainous roads
C．The grass in stone clefts D．A kind and helpful actress
阅读理解
When Dean Arnold got his first job, he was miserable (痛苦的), Each time he went to work, he coughed and he couldn't breathe. Working in a bakery(面包房) when you are allergic to (对…过敏) flour can be painful.
But Arnold stayed with the National Biscuit Company for ten years. He was a businessman and he helped them improve production. At last his health problems became too serious. He left and formed his own company.
With his wife and mother, he founded Arnold Bakery. They tried new recipes (配方). changing the kind and amount of flour used. This enabled Arnold to work there without too much pain. The bread, made with unbleached flour (标准粉), was baked in a brick oven (烘炉).
They began by baking two dozen loaves. The bread was sold door to door for fifteen cents a loaf. Winning customers to his unusual, old-fashioned bread took time. But Arnold, struggling against his allergy, built his bakery into one of the largest in the United States.
8．A good title for this passage would be __________.
A．A Sick Baker B．A Brick-oven Bread Baker
C．An Old-fashioned Baker D．How to Overcome Allergy
9．Dean left the National Biscuit Company because he __________.
A．suffered from allergy to flour
B．didn't like the job
C．wanted to make more money
D．wanted to form his own company
10．During his stay in the National Biscuit Company, __________.
A．he founded Arnold Bakery
B．he tried a new method of baking
C．he helped the company improve their production
D．he became successful in his business
11．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage
A．Arnold's bread was baked in a brick oven.
B．Arnold's bread was made with unbleached flour.
C．Arnold's bread was sold at a low price.
D．Arnold's bread was of poor quality.
12．From the passage we can conclude that Arnold was ___________.
A．determined B．brave C．unusual D．Unhealthy
阅读理解
Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing many letters asking for admission(录取) to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. She was so determined that she taught school and gave music lessons to get money for the cost of schooling.
In 1849, after graduation from medical school. she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon(外科医师) , but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea.
Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children Besides being the first woman physician and founding her own hospital , she also set up the first medical school for women.
13．Why couldn't Elizabeth Blackwell realize her dream of becoming a surgeon
A．She couldn't get admitted to medical school
B．She decided to further her education in Paris
C．A serious eye problem stopped her
D．It was difficult for her to start a practice in the United States
14．What main obstacle(障碍) almost destroyed Elizabeth's chances for becoming for a doctor
A．She was a woman.
B．She wrote too many letters.
C．She couldn't graduate from medical school.
D．She couldn't set up her hospital.
15．How many years passed between her graduation from medical school and the opening of her hospital
A．Eight years B．Ten years
C．Nineteen years D．Thirty-six years
16．According to the passage, all of the following are "firsts" in the life of Elizabeth Blacekwell, except that she ____.
A．became the first woman physician
B．was the first woman doctor
C．and several other women founded the first hospital for women and children
D．set up the first medical school for women
17．Eilzabeth Blackwell spent most of her lift in ____.
A．England B．Paris
C．the United States D．New York City
18．阅读理解
A woman was collecting money for a church charity. The money she collected was going to be given to poor children who had no parents to take care of them. She went from apartment to apartment and from house to house. She knocked on doors and asked for money. She always said the same thing, "Good morning, I'm collecting for a church charity. Please give generously. We need $5,000." Then she held out a collecting box. Most people put a few coins in the box.
An artist lived in one of the apartments. He opened the door. "Good morning," she said. "I'm collecting for a church charity. Please give generously. We need $5,000." The artist thought for a moment, then he said, "I'm sorry, but I don't have any money. However, I'll give you a painting. It's worth $ 400." The woman thanked the artist and took the painting away.
A week later she called on him again. "I'm sorry to trouble you again," she said, "but we still need more money. We need another $100. Can you help " "Of course," the artist said. "I`ll increase the value of my painting to $500."
（1）Who was the woman collecting money for
A．Poor children. B．Herself. C．Her friends. D．A church.
（2）What did most people give her
A．A lot of money. B．Nothing.
C．Paintings. D．A little money.
（3）Why didn't the artist give money to her
A．Because he was not a generous man.
B．Because he did not have any money.
C．Because he had too many paintings.
D．Because his painting was worth little money.
（4）How did the artist help the woman to get another $100
A．He gave her some more money.
B．He gave her another painting.
C．He gave her a more valuable painting.
D．He told her to add $100 to the value of his painting.
（5）Did the woman collect $ 100 from the artist at last
A．No, she didn't. B．Yes, she did.
C．No, she doesn't. D．Yes, she does.
19．阅读理解
Six-year-old girl Iris was born with autism (自闭症). She doesn't like to talk or be with others and she often feels nervous. When Iris was three years old, her mother gave her some art lessons. There she found Iris had great talent for painting. From then on, Iris often spends her day painting.
However, Iris still felt lonely. Iris' parents learned that animals were good for children with autism, so they introduced some animals to Iris. Before Thula, they introduced horses, dogs and other cats to Iris, but that didn't help. Until the cat Thula arrived, they got along very well in just a few weeks. Iris often draws about the cat's eyes and nose in her paintings.
Iris' mother said, "When Iris is painting, she tells Thula to sit if she jumps up onto the table. Thula stays there watching Iris with great interest."
Iris and Thula are always together, eating, sleeping, playing…Iris' mother found that it was easier to make Iris speak with others when Thula was around. "Thanks to Thula, Iris found a way to show her feelings and communicate with the world. She is happier than ever before."
（1）Iris liked to ________before she learned painting.
A．talk with others B．go to parks
C．go to school D．be alone
（2）Why did Iris' parents introduce animals to her
A．Because they were good for Iris' illness.
B．Because Iris liked animals.
C．Because they wanted a pet.
D．Because Iris liked to draw animals.
（3）What does Iris often draw about Thula
A．Thula's ears and eyes. B．Thula's hair and eyes.
C．Thula's eyes and nose. D．Thula's mouth and nose.
（4）Thula often ______________when Iris is drawing.
A．plays with the pictures B．draws pictures
C．jumps up and down D．sits and watches
（5）We can read the article __________most probably.
A．in a cartoon book B．in a science magazine
C．on the Internet D．in a travel guide
20．阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能正确回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。
A new study found that people's lives are made shorter in North China. It showed the life expectancy (平均寿命）had been cut down by 5.5 years there. Scientists think that it is because of the heavy air pollution. It is really the truth. Our country has already done something. However, it doesn't seem to work so well.
"Air pollution is bad for people's health. The harm is much more serious than we can imagine, said Chen Yuyu of Beijing University, one scientist of this study.
There was serious smog and haze in Beijing in November 2016. The sky was gray and the air smelt strange. Heavy haze covered the city. Highways were closed and planes couldn't take off on time. People couldn't see things clearly even within 15 meters in some places. Some primary schools were closed for several days.
We should all fight against air pollution and think of good methods to solve the problem. People should be encouraged to take buses, ride bicycles or walk instead of driving cars. The factories that pollute air heavily should be closed.
"It might be expensive to improve our environment, but we must do it. Protecting our environment means protecting ourselves," Li Hongbin, another scientist, said.
（1）Why do people's lives become shorter in North China according to the scientists
A．Because the air is heavily polluted.
B．Because it's too cold in winter there.
C．Because there are too many cars there.
D．Because it's too dry there.
（2）What does the underlined word "truth" mean
A．Fact B．Trick C．Method D．Idea
（3）What's the function (功能)of the third paragraph
A．To show different ideas of the scientists.
B．To use an example to show the serious air pollution.
C．To show what we should do to protect the environment.
D．To give us some advice about living in Beijing.
（4）What can we NOT know from the passage
A．Air pollution is more harmful than we can imagine.
B．Serious smog and haze can make traffic stop.
C．Improving the environment is so expensive that we can't do it.
D．People should change their ways of going out.
（5）What's the main idea of the passage
A．Air pollution in North China is caused by waste gas.
B．To save the environment, we should do something more.
C．The temperature becomes higher and higher in North China.
D．How air pollution in North China has.
答案解析部分
1．（1）B
（2）C
（3）C
（4）D
（5）B
文章大意：本文主要讲述了作者自己在广西龙州进行支教的经历。
（1）细节理解题。根据第一段 The school had only 3 classrooms, one for Grades 1, 2 and 3, and another for Grades 4, 5 and 6. 可知，在这所学校里仅仅有三间教室。故选B。
（2）词句猜测题。根据第一段 However, my heart sank when I arrived there. It wasn't what I expected. It didn't look like a school at all. 理解可知，当作者看到这所学校的状况时，感到非常的难过，下划线句子 "my heart sank" 的意思是"作者感到很难过"。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据第二段 To my surprise, although the test was very easy, over half of them failed it, and yet they all wanted to learn new things.可知，那里的学生认知水平很低。也就是说， 作者在第一次测试后发现学生的水平比她预期的要低。 故选C。
（4）观点态度题。根据最后一段 I'm very happy, and the experience has been very useful for me. 可知，作者认为她在龙州的经历很有用。故选D。
（5）细节理解题。根据最后一段 I love the small village and the children. In fact, I would like to continue working here. 可知，作者 爱这个小村庄和孩子们 ， 想继续在这里工作。所以说" 志愿教师不再喜欢在那里工作了 "这种说法是不正确的。故选B。
考查阅读理解。本题包括细节理解题、词句猜测题和观点态度题三种题型。首先阅读文后的问题，弄清问题的大意，然后通读全文内容，抓住关键内容，对照题目回答问题。
2．B
3．A
4．C
5．B
6．C
大意： 本文讲述了美国文化中的一种现象——"追赶琼斯一家"，即人们为了追求和展示财富和地位，模仿并试图超越邻居的富裕生活方式。文章通过Arthur Momand的故事揭示了这种现象的起源，并指出人们不断追求这种生活方式，尽管永远无法真正追上邻居，因为"琼斯一家"总是似乎领先一步。文章最后指出，这种现象在全球范围内都存在，但人们应该意识到，不断追赶别人会让人疲惫不堪。
考查阅读选择。注意提高词汇量：英语阅读理解中，词汇量很重要，要通过背单词、学习词组等方式，提高自己的词汇量。
2．细节理解题。根据第一段That is what "keeping up with the Joneses" is about, It is the story of someone who tried to look as rich as his neighbours.这就是 "跟上琼斯们的脚步 "的意义所在，它讲述了一个人如何努力让自己看起来和邻居们一样富有的故事，可知有些人想跟上 "琼斯们 "的步伐，因为他们想让别人知道或认为他们很富有。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第二段 He began earning $ 125 a week at the age of 23. That was a lot of money in those days. He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighbourhood outside New York City. 23 岁时，他开始每周挣 125 美元。这在当时是一笔不小的收入。他结婚了，和妻子搬到了纽约市外一个非常富裕的社区，可推知有钱人喜欢住在纽约市外。故选A。
4．词义猜测题。根据下文 Keeping up with the Joneses' came to mean keeping up with rich lifestyle of the people around you. 跟上琼斯们的脚步，意味着跟上周围人富裕的生活方式，可知莫曼德发现很多人做的事情都是为了追赶邻居们丰富的生活方式，可知neighborhood意为所指地区附近 an area near the place referred to 。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 He called it "Keeping up with the Joneses' because ‘Jones' is a very common name in the United States." 他称之为 "跟上琼斯的脚步"，因为 "琼斯 "在美国是一个非常常见的名字，可知"琼斯 "在美国是一个非常常见的名字。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段And there are "Jonses" in every city of the world. But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses because no matter what one does, Mr. Jones always seems to be ahead.世界上每个城市都有 "琼斯"。但人们一定厌倦了追赶 "琼斯们 "的步伐，因为无论做什么，"琼斯先生 "似乎总是遥遥领先，可知作者认为不可能跟得上琼斯得脚步。故选C。
7．（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
文章大意：本文主要讲述演员姜逸燕连续9年每年在广西山区支教一个月的事迹及感受。
（1） 细节理解题。根据文中第一段 Actress Jiang Yiyan has spent around a month a year volunteering as a teacher in mountainous villages in Guangxi for nine years in a row (连续). 演员姜逸燕已经连续9年每年在广西山区支教一个月，可知，故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据文中第二段 In 2007, when she took part in film shooting in that area, … So she came up with the idea of doing something for these children. 2007年，当她在那个地区参加电影拍摄时，……她想到了为这些孩子做些事情的想法。 可知，故选C。
（3）词句猜测题。根据句中 for such a long time 如此长的一段时间，可知，此处指坚持她的志愿服务，所以persist是坚持的意思，故选B。
（4）主旨大意题。根据本文内容可知，本文主要讲述演员姜逸燕连续9年每年在广西山区支教一个月的事迹及感受。所以本文的标题可以是： 一个善良和乐于助人的女演员，故选D。
考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，理解文章大意，然后分析问题和选项，从文中找到依据，最后得出正确答案。
8．B
9．A
10．C
11．D
12．A
大意： 文章讲述了Dean Arnold在工作时因为对面粉过敏而感到痛苦，但他仍然坚持在National Biscuit Company工作了十年，并帮助公司提高了生产效率。后来，他离开并创建了自己的公司Arnold Bakery，尽管他的健康问题变得很严重，但他还是克服了困难，最终使自己的面包房成为美国最大的面包房之一的故事。
考查阅读选择。注意回到原文找答案：在回答问题时，要回到原文中寻找答案，尽量选择与原文一致的选项。
8．细节理解题。根据 文章中提到了Dean Arnold在工作时因为对面粉过敏而感到痛苦，但他仍然坚持在National Biscuit Company工作了十年，并帮助公司提高了生产效率。尽管他的健康问题变得很严重，但他还是克服了困难，成立了以烘炉 brick oven 烤面包的面包店 Arnold Bakery ，并最终使自己的面包房成为美国最大的面包房之一。因此，最合适的标题应为：一名烘炉面包师 A Brick-oven Bread Baker 。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段When Dean Arnold got his first job, he was miserable (痛苦的), Each time he went to work, he coughed and he couldn't breathe. Working in a bakery(面包房) when you are allergic to (对…过敏) flour can be painful.当迪安-阿诺德找到第一份工作时，他是痛苦的，每次上班，他都咳嗽得喘不过气来。当你对面粉过敏时，在面包房工作会很痛苦；以及第二段 At last his health problems became too serious. He left and formed his own company. 最后，他的健康问题变得过于严重。他离开了，成立了自己的公司，可知是因为他对面粉过敏。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段 But Arnold stayed with the National Biscuit Company for ten years. He was a businessman and he helped them improve production. 但阿诺德在国家饼干公司一干就是十年。他是个商人，帮助他们提高了生产，可知帮助他们提高了生产。故选C。
11．细节理解题。根据第三段The bread, made with unbleached flour (标准粉), was baked in a brick oven (烘炉).面包是用未漂白的面粉制成的，在砖砌的烤箱中烘烤；第四段 They began by baking two dozen loaves. The bread was sold door to door for fifteen cents a loaf. 他们开始烤制两打面包。面包以每条 15 美分的价格挨家挨户出售，可知提到了面粉的烘烤方式；用的面粉和低廉的价格，没有提到质量差。故选D。
12．细节理解题。 文章中提到Arnold在面临健康问题和对面粉过敏的情况下，仍然坚持在National Biscuit Company工作十年，并帮助公司提高了生产效率。后来，他离开并创建了自己的公司Arnold Bakery，尽管面临困难，但他仍然努力克服并使其成为美国最大的面包房之一。这表明Arnold是一个有决心的人，因此选项A"有决心的"是正确答案。文章中没有提到Arnold是勇敢的、不寻常的或不健康的，因此选项B、C和D都不是正确答案。 故选A。
13．C
14．A
15．A
16．B
17．C
大意： 本文介绍了Elizabeth Blackwell的生平事迹。她出生于英国，后移民至美国纽约，并决心成为一名医生。
考查阅读选择。注意先看题目，再看文章：在开始阅读文章之前，先看一遍题目，了解文章的主题和问题，有目的地阅读文章，可以提高阅读效率。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段She wanted to be a surgeon(外科医师) , but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea.她曾想成为一名外科医师，但严重的眼疾迫使她放弃了这个想法，可知是严重的眼疾阻止她实现梦想。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. 回到美国后，她发现自己很难开业，因为她是一名女性，可知成为医生地主要障碍是她是一名女性。故选A。
15．数字计算题。根据第二段In 1849, after graduation from medical school. 1849 年，从医学院毕业；以及最后一段By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children Besides being the first woman physician and founding her own hospital , she also set up the first medical school for women.到 1857 年，伊丽莎白和她的姐姐（也是一名医生）以及另一名女医生成功开设了一家新医院，这是第一家为妇女和儿童开设的医院。除了成为第一位女医生并创建了自己的医院，她还创办了第一所女子医学院，可知一共是8年。故选A。
16．推理判断题。 根据第一段 One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. 有一天，她决定要成为一名医生。在十九世纪中叶，这对一个女人来说几乎是不可能的，可知并没有肯定提到她是第一个女医生，可能在她之前已经有其他女性成为了医生。因此，B选项"是第一个女医生"是不正确的。文章提到了她成为了第一个女医生并建立了自己的医院，同时也建立了第一所女子医学院校，因此A、C和D选项都是她生命中的"第一次"。故选B。
17．细节理解题。 根据文章中的描述，Elizabeth Blackwell在十岁时搬到纽约市，后来在美国接受教育并开设了自己的医院和医学院校。因此，她的大部分时间都花在了美国，选项C是正确的。虽然她出生在英国并在巴黎深造过，但文章中并没有提到她在这些地方度过大部分时间。故选C。
18．（1）A
（2）D
（3）B
（4）D
（5）A
文章大意：这篇短文主要描述了一个为教会慈善机构捐款的女人，在画家捐出一幅画后，仍不满足，得到了画家的一个不客气的回应。
（1）细节理解题。根据第一段 The money she collected was going to be given to poor children who had no parents to take care of them. 可知，那个女人为可怜的孩子募捐。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第一段Most people put a few coins in the box.可知，大部分人给了她一点钱。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据第二段I'm sorry, but I don't have any money. However, I'll give you a painting.可知， 这位艺术家不给她钱是因为他没有钱。故选B。
（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段 "I'm sorry to trouble you again," she said, "but we still need more money. We need another $100. Can you help " "Of course," the artist said. "I`ll increase the value of my painting to $500." 可知，这位艺术家告诉这个女人在他的画的价值上增加500-400=100美元。 故选D。
（5）推理判断题。根据 "I'm sorry to trouble you again," she said, "but we still need more money. We need another $100. Can you help " "Of course," the artist said. "I`ll increase the value of my painting to $500." 推理可知， 这位艺术家告诉这个女人在他的画的价值上增加500-400=100美元。这个女人最后从艺术家那里没有得到100美元，答案是否定的，且表示过去发生的事情，应该用一般过去时。故选A。
考查阅读理解。对于文章中的细节理解题，要注意文章中的细节的理解。推理判断题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整地了解信息，准确地把握作者观点。
19．（1）D
（2）A
（3）C
（4）D
（5）C
文章大意：本文讲述了艾瑞斯自幼患有自闭症，很少与人交流。三岁时，开始喜欢画画。后来父母把一些动物介绍给艾瑞斯，图拉成了她的好伙伴。
（1）细节理解题。根据第一段 She doesn't like to talk or be with others and she often feels nervous. 可知，艾瑞斯在学画画之前喜欢独处。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段 Iris' parents learned that animals were good for children with autism, so they introduced some animals to Iris. 可知，艾瑞斯的父母会给她介绍动物是因为它们对艾瑞斯的病有好处。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据第二段 Iris often draws about the cat's eyes and nose in her paintings. 可知，艾瑞斯经常画图拉的眼睛和鼻子。故选C。
（4）细节理解题。根据第三段 Iris' mother said, "When Iris is painting, she tells Thula to sit if she jumps up onto the table. Thula stays there watching Iris with great interest." 可知，当艾瑞斯在画画时，图拉经常坐在那里，看她画画。故选D。
（5）推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，本文讲述了艾瑞斯自幼患有自闭症，很少与人交流。三岁时，开始喜欢画画。后来父母把一些动物介绍给艾瑞斯，图拉成了她的好伙伴。 我们最有可能在互联网上读到这篇文章。 故选C。
考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题和推理判断题题两种常考题型，细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案；推理判断题需要联系文章内容和选项，推断出文章的出处。
20．（1）A
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
（5）B
主要讲了因为严重的空气污染，人们的平均寿命缩短，为了改善环境，人们开始采取措施解决问题。
（1）细节题。根据It showed the life expectancy (平均寿命）had been cut down by 5.5 years there. Scientists think that it is because of the heavy air pollution.可知因为严重的空气污染，人们的平均寿命缩短，故选A。
（2）推断题。根据It showed the life expectancy (平均寿命）had been cut down by 5.5 years there. Scientists think that it is because of the heavy air pollution可知因为严重的空气污染，人们的平均寿命缩短，总是事实，即fact，故选A。
（3）细节题。根据There was serious smog and haze in Beijing in November 2016.2016年11月，北京出现严重雾霾天气，可知用雾霾的例子讲了空气污染，故选B。
（4）细节题。根据It might be expensive to improve our environment, but we must do it.可知改善我们的环境可能很昂贵，但我们必须这样做，故选C。
（5）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了 因为严重的空气污染，人们的平均寿命缩短，为了改善环境，人们开始采取措施解决问题。及为了拯救环境，我们应该做更多的事情，故选B。
考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
Unit 1 Helping those in need 单元话题阅读理解
一、阅读理解
As a volunteer teacher, I travelled a long way to a small village school in Longzhou, Guangxi. On my way there, I thought about the village, the school, and the children there. However, my heart sank when I arrived there. It wasn't what I expected. It didn't look like a school at all. The school had only 3 classrooms, one for Grades 1, 2 and 3, and another for Grades 4, 5 and 6. There was a third one for me.
The children welcomed me warmly on my first day. They asked me a lot of questions, and I told them stories and my life in Shanghai. The next day, I gave them a test to find out their level. To my surprise, although the test was very easy, over half of them failed it, and yet they all wanted to learn new things. I knew they needed me.
I was busy preparing lessons, and reading test papers every night. I enjoyed teaching these lovely and hard—working children, and I could see that they were making progress with my help. I have also learned a lot from them. I understand their lives better and we are now good friends.
I have worked in Longzhou for a year by now. I'm very happy, and the experience has been very useful for me. I love the small village and the children. In fact, I would like to continue working here.
（1）The writer found there was/were only ___________classroom (s) in that school.
A．two B．three C．six D．one
（2）In the passage, "my heart sank" means that the writer___________.
A．felt excited B．was happy C．felt sad D．was angry
（3）The writer found the students' level was ___________she had expected after the first test.
A．just as B．higher than C．lower than D．as low as
（4）What does the writer think of her experience in Longzhou
A．It is boring. B．It is silly.
C．It is meaningless. D．It is useful.
（5）Which of the following statements is NOT true
A．Both the volunteer teacher and the students worked so hard.
B．The volunteer teacher doesn't like to work there any longer.
C．The students became better and better with the help of the volunteer teacher.
D．The experience in Longzhou is useful for the volunteer teacher.
阅读理解
In the United States, when one becomes rich, he wants people to know it. And even if he does not become very rich, he wants people to think that he is. That is what "keeping up with the Joneses" is about, It is the story of someone who tried to look as rich as his neighbours.
The expression was first used in 1913 by a young American called Arthur Momand. He told this story about himself. He began earning $ 125 a week at the age of 23. That was a lot of money in those days. He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighbourhood outside New York City. When he saw that rich people rode horses, Momand went horseback riding every day. When he saw that rich people had servants. Momand and his wife also hired a servant and gave big parties for their new neighbours.
It was like a race, but one could never finish this race because one was always trying to keep up. The race ended for Momand and his wife when they could no longer pay for their new way of life. They moved back to an apartment(公寓房间) in New York City.
Momand looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with rich life--style of their neighbours. He saw the funny side of it and started to write a series (系列) of short stories, He called it "Keeping up with the Joneses' because ‘Jones' is a very common name in the United States." Keeping up with the Joneses' came to mean keeping up with rich lifestyle of the people around you. Momand's series appeared in different newspapers across the country for over 28 years.
People never seem to get tired of keeping up with the Joneses. And there are "Jonses" in every city of the world. But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses because no matter what one does, Mr. Jones always seems to be ahead.
2．Some people want to keep up with the Joneses because they ____.
A．want to be as rich as their neighbours
B．want others to know or to think that they are rich
C．don't want others to know they are rich
D．want to be happy
3．It can be inferred from the story that rich people like to ____.
A．live outside New York City B．live in New York City
C．live in apartments D．have many neighbours
4．The underlined word neighbourhood in the second paragraph means ____.
A．a person who lives near another
B．people living in an area
C．an area near the place referred to
D．an area in another town or city
5．Arthur Momand used the name "Jones" in his series of short stories because "Jones" is ____.
A．an important name
B．a popular name in the United States
C．his neighbour's name
D．not a good name
6．According to the writer, it is____to keep up with the Joneses.
A．correct B．interesting C．impossible D．good
7．阅读理解
Actress Jiang Yiyan has spent around a month a year volunteering as a teacher in mountainous villages in Guangxi for nine years in a row (连续).
In 2007, when she took part in film shooting in that area, she was shocked by the poverty (贫穷) there. Children had to walk along mountainous roads to attend classes at a neighboring village school. So she came up with the idea of doing something for these children.
Besides giving classes, Jiang also plays games with children and sings songs for them. And she cares much for their daily life. Moreover, she donated 1 million yuan to set up a fund (基金) for students there.
"Like the grass in stone clefts (裂缝), they have to try their best to find sunshine on their own rather than waiting for others to do it for them," Jiang said.
When asked how she persisted in her volunteer service for such a long time, Jiang said, "I'm not persisting but enjoying."
"It's not that I gave these kids love. I am actually learning about love," Jiang added. To enjoy and share love is seen as the most important thing in her life.
At the same time, children in the big mountains have also influenced Jiang.
"Whenever I meet with something difficult to do, I'll think of these kids. Born in the kind of environment, they have to learn to face a lot of difficult things from birth. So, why can't I " said Jiang.
（1）Jiang Yiyan spends_________ as a teacher in mountainous villages in Guangxi.
A．a day a week B．a day a month
C．a week a month D．a month a year
（2）When did Jiang Yiyan come up with the idea of doing something for the children there
A．In 1987. B．In 1997. C．In 2007. D．In 2017.
（3）What does the underlined word "persisted" mean in Chinese
A．放弃 B．坚持 C．拒绝 D．宽容
（4）The best title of this passage is "___________".
A．The children's poverty B．The mountainous roads
C．The grass in stone clefts D．A kind and helpful actress
阅读理解
When Dean Arnold got his first job, he was miserable (痛苦的), Each time he went to work, he coughed and he couldn't breathe. Working in a bakery(面包房) when you are allergic to (对…过敏) flour can be painful.
But Arnold stayed with the National Biscuit Company for ten years. He was a businessman and he helped them improve production. At last his health problems became too serious. He left and formed his own company.
With his wife and mother, he founded Arnold Bakery. They tried new recipes (配方). changing the kind and amount of flour used. This enabled Arnold to work there without too much pain. The bread, made with unbleached flour (标准粉), was baked in a brick oven (烘炉).
They began by baking two dozen loaves. The bread was sold door to door for fifteen cents a loaf. Winning customers to his unusual, old-fashioned bread took time. But Arnold, struggling against his allergy, built his bakery into one of the largest in the United States.
8．A good title for this passage would be __________.
A．A Sick Baker B．A Brick-oven Bread Baker
C．An Old-fashioned Baker D．How to Overcome Allergy
9．Dean left the National Biscuit Company because he __________.
A．suffered from allergy to flour
B．didn't like the job
C．wanted to make more money
D．wanted to form his own company
10．During his stay in the National Biscuit Company, __________.
A．he founded Arnold Bakery
B．he tried a new method of baking
C．he helped the company improve their production
D．he became successful in his business
11．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage
A．Arnold's bread was baked in a brick oven.
B．Arnold's bread was made with unbleached flour.
C．Arnold's bread was sold at a low price.
D．Arnold's bread was of poor quality.
12．From the passage we can conclude that Arnold was ___________.
A．determined B．brave C．unusual D．Unhealthy
阅读理解
Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing many letters asking for admission(录取) to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. She was so determined that she taught school and gave music lessons to get money for the cost of schooling.
In 1849, after graduation from medical school. she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon(外科医师) , but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea.
Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children Besides being the first woman physician and founding her own hospital , she also set up the first medical school for women.
13．Why couldn't Elizabeth Blackwell realize her dream of becoming a surgeon
A．She couldn't get admitted to medical school
B．She decided to further her education in Paris
C．A serious eye problem stopped her
D．It was difficult for her to start a practice in the United States
14．What main obstacle(障碍) almost destroyed Elizabeth's chances for becoming for a doctor
A．She was a woman.
B．She wrote too many letters.
C．She couldn't graduate from medical school.
D．She couldn't set up her hospital.
15．How many years passed between her graduation from medical school and the opening of her hospital
A．Eight years B．Ten years
C．Nineteen years D．Thirty-six years
16．According to the passage, all of the following are "firsts" in the life of Elizabeth Blacekwell, except that she ____.
A．became the first woman physician
B．was the first woman doctor
C．and several other women founded the first hospital for women and children
D．set up the first medical school for women
17．Eilzabeth Blackwell spent most of her lift in ____.
A．England B．Paris
C．the United States D．New York City
18．阅读理解
A woman was collecting money for a church charity. The money she collected was going to be given to poor children who had no parents to take care of them. She went from apartment to apartment and from house to house. She knocked on doors and asked for money. She always said the same thing, "Good morning, I'm collecting for a church charity. Please give generously. We need $5,000." Then she held out a collecting box. Most people put a few coins in the box.
An artist lived in one of the apartments. He opened the door. "Good morning," she said. "I'm collecting for a church charity. Please give generously. We need $5,000." The artist thought for a moment, then he said, "I'm sorry, but I don't have any money. However, I'll give you a painting. It's worth $ 400." The woman thanked the artist and took the painting away.
A week later she called on him again. "I'm sorry to trouble you again," she said, "but we still need more money. We need another $100. Can you help " "Of course," the artist said. "I`ll increase the value of my painting to $500."
（1）Who was the woman collecting money for
A．Poor children. B．Herself. C．Her friends. D．A church.
（2）What did most people give her
A．A lot of money. B．Nothing.
C．Paintings. D．A little money.
（3）Why didn't the artist give money to her
A．Because he was not a generous man.
B．Because he did not have any money.
C．Because he had too many paintings.
D．Because his painting was worth little money.
（4）How did the artist help the woman to get another $100
A．He gave her some more money.
B．He gave her another painting.
C．He gave her a more valuable painting.
D．He told her to add $100 to the value of his painting.
（5）Did the woman collect $ 100 from the artist at last
A．No, she didn't. B．Yes, she did.
C．No, she doesn't. D．Yes, she does.
19．阅读理解
Six-year-old girl Iris was born with autism (自闭症). She doesn't like to talk or be with others and she often feels nervous. When Iris was three years old, her mother gave her some art lessons. There she found Iris had great talent for painting. From then on, Iris often spends her day painting.
However, Iris still felt lonely. Iris' parents learned that animals were good for children with autism, so they introduced some animals to Iris. Before Thula, they introduced horses, dogs and other cats to Iris, but that didn't help. Until the cat Thula arrived, they got along very well in just a few weeks. Iris often draws about the cat's eyes and nose in her paintings.
Iris' mother said, "When Iris is painting, she tells Thula to sit if she jumps up onto the table. Thula stays there watching Iris with great interest."
Iris and Thula are always together, eating, sleeping, playing…Iris' mother found that it was easier to make Iris speak with others when Thula was around. "Thanks to Thula, Iris found a way to show her feelings and communicate with the world. She is happier than ever before."
（1）Iris liked to ________before she learned painting.
A．talk with others B．go to parks
C．go to school D．be alone
（2）Why did Iris' parents introduce animals to her
A．Because they were good for Iris' illness.
B．Because Iris liked animals.
C．Because they wanted a pet.
D．Because Iris liked to draw animals.
（3）What does Iris often draw about Thula
A．Thula's ears and eyes. B．Thula's hair and eyes.
C．Thula's eyes and nose. D．Thula's mouth and nose.
（4）Thula often ______________when Iris is drawing.
A．plays with the pictures B．draws pictures
C．jumps up and down D．sits and watches
（5）We can read the article __________most probably.
A．in a cartoon book B．in a science magazine
C．on the Internet D．in a travel guide
20．阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能正确回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。
A new study found that people's lives are made shorter in North China. It showed the life expectancy (平均寿命）had been cut down by 5.5 years there. Scientists think that it is because of the heavy air pollution. It is really the truth. Our country has already done something. However, it doesn't seem to work so well.
"Air pollution is bad for people's health. The harm is much more serious than we can imagine, said Chen Yuyu of Beijing University, one scientist of this study.
There was serious smog and haze in Beijing in November 2016. The sky was gray and the air smelt strange. Heavy haze covered the city. Highways were closed and planes couldn't take off on time. People couldn't see things clearly even within 15 meters in some places. Some primary schools were closed for several days.
We should all fight against air pollution and think of good methods to solve the problem. People should be encouraged to take buses, ride bicycles or walk instead of driving cars. The factories that pollute air heavily should be closed.
"It might be expensive to improve our environment, but we must do it. Protecting our environment means protecting ourselves," Li Hongbin, another scientist, said.
（1）Why do people's lives become shorter in North China according to the scientists
A．Because the air is heavily polluted.
B．Because it's too cold in winter there.
C．Because there are too many cars there.
D．Because it's too dry there.
（2）What does the underlined word "truth" mean
A．Fact B．Trick C．Method D．Idea
（3）What's the function (功能)of the third paragraph
A．To show different ideas of the scientists.
B．To use an example to show the serious air pollution.
C．To show what we should do to protect the environment.
D．To give us some advice about living in Beijing.
（4）What can we NOT know from the passage
A．Air pollution is more harmful than we can imagine.
B．Serious smog and haze can make traffic stop.
C．Improving the environment is so expensive that we can't do it.
D．People should change their ways of going out.
（5）What's the main idea of the passage
A．Air pollution in North China is caused by waste gas.
B．To save the environment, we should do something more.
C．The temperature becomes higher and higher in North China.
D．How air pollution in North China has.
答案解析部分
1．（1）B
（2）C
（3）C
（4）D
（5）B
文章大意：本文主要讲述了作者自己在广西龙州进行支教的经历。
（1）细节理解题。根据第一段 The school had only 3 classrooms, one for Grades 1, 2 and 3, and another for Grades 4, 5 and 6. 可知，在这所学校里仅仅有三间教室。故选B。
（2）词句猜测题。根据第一段 However, my heart sank when I arrived there. It wasn't what I expected. It didn't look like a school at all. 理解可知，当作者看到这所学校的状况时，感到非常的难过，下划线句子 "my heart sank" 的意思是"作者感到很难过"。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据第二段 To my surprise, although the test was very easy, over half of them failed it, and yet they all wanted to learn new things.可知，那里的学生认知水平很低。也就是说， 作者在第一次测试后发现学生的水平比她预期的要低。 故选C。
（4）观点态度题。根据最后一段 I'm very happy, and the experience has been very useful for me. 可知，作者认为她在龙州的经历很有用。故选D。
（5）细节理解题。根据最后一段 I love the small village and the children. In fact, I would like to continue working here. 可知，作者 爱这个小村庄和孩子们 ， 想继续在这里工作。所以说" 志愿教师不再喜欢在那里工作了 "这种说法是不正确的。故选B。
考查阅读理解。本题包括细节理解题、词句猜测题和观点态度题三种题型。首先阅读文后的问题，弄清问题的大意，然后通读全文内容，抓住关键内容，对照题目回答问题。
2．B
3．A
4．C
5．B
6．C
大意： 本文讲述了美国文化中的一种现象——"追赶琼斯一家"，即人们为了追求和展示财富和地位，模仿并试图超越邻居的富裕生活方式。文章通过Arthur Momand的故事揭示了这种现象的起源，并指出人们不断追求这种生活方式，尽管永远无法真正追上邻居，因为"琼斯一家"总是似乎领先一步。文章最后指出，这种现象在全球范围内都存在，但人们应该意识到，不断追赶别人会让人疲惫不堪。
考查阅读选择。注意提高词汇量：英语阅读理解中，词汇量很重要，要通过背单词、学习词组等方式，提高自己的词汇量。
2．细节理解题。根据第一段That is what "keeping up with the Joneses" is about, It is the story of someone who tried to look as rich as his neighbours.这就是 "跟上琼斯们的脚步 "的意义所在，它讲述了一个人如何努力让自己看起来和邻居们一样富有的故事，可知有些人想跟上 "琼斯们 "的步伐，因为他们想让别人知道或认为他们很富有。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第二段 He began earning $ 125 a week at the age of 23. That was a lot of money in those days. He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighbourhood outside New York City. 23 岁时，他开始每周挣 125 美元。这在当时是一笔不小的收入。他结婚了，和妻子搬到了纽约市外一个非常富裕的社区，可推知有钱人喜欢住在纽约市外。故选A。
4．词义猜测题。根据下文 Keeping up with the Joneses' came to mean keeping up with rich lifestyle of the people around you. 跟上琼斯们的脚步，意味着跟上周围人富裕的生活方式，可知莫曼德发现很多人做的事情都是为了追赶邻居们丰富的生活方式，可知neighborhood意为所指地区附近 an area near the place referred to 。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 He called it "Keeping up with the Joneses' because ‘Jones' is a very common name in the United States." 他称之为 "跟上琼斯的脚步"，因为 "琼斯 "在美国是一个非常常见的名字，可知"琼斯 "在美国是一个非常常见的名字。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段And there are "Jonses" in every city of the world. But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses because no matter what one does, Mr. Jones always seems to be ahead.世界上每个城市都有 "琼斯"。但人们一定厌倦了追赶 "琼斯们 "的步伐，因为无论做什么，"琼斯先生 "似乎总是遥遥领先，可知作者认为不可能跟得上琼斯得脚步。故选C。
7．（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
文章大意：本文主要讲述演员姜逸燕连续9年每年在广西山区支教一个月的事迹及感受。
（1） 细节理解题。根据文中第一段 Actress Jiang Yiyan has spent around a month a year volunteering as a teacher in mountainous villages in Guangxi for nine years in a row (连续). 演员姜逸燕已经连续9年每年在广西山区支教一个月，可知，故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据文中第二段 In 2007, when she took part in film shooting in that area, … So she came up with the idea of doing something for these children. 2007年，当她在那个地区参加电影拍摄时，……她想到了为这些孩子做些事情的想法。 可知，故选C。
（3）词句猜测题。根据句中 for such a long time 如此长的一段时间，可知，此处指坚持她的志愿服务，所以persist是坚持的意思，故选B。
（4）主旨大意题。根据本文内容可知，本文主要讲述演员姜逸燕连续9年每年在广西山区支教一个月的事迹及感受。所以本文的标题可以是： 一个善良和乐于助人的女演员，故选D。
考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，理解文章大意，然后分析问题和选项，从文中找到依据，最后得出正确答案。
8．B
9．A
10．C
11．D
12．A
大意： 文章讲述了Dean Arnold在工作时因为对面粉过敏而感到痛苦，但他仍然坚持在National Biscuit Company工作了十年，并帮助公司提高了生产效率。后来，他离开并创建了自己的公司Arnold Bakery，尽管他的健康问题变得很严重，但他还是克服了困难，最终使自己的面包房成为美国最大的面包房之一的故事。
考查阅读选择。注意回到原文找答案：在回答问题时，要回到原文中寻找答案，尽量选择与原文一致的选项。
8．细节理解题。根据 文章中提到了Dean Arnold在工作时因为对面粉过敏而感到痛苦，但他仍然坚持在National Biscuit Company工作了十年，并帮助公司提高了生产效率。尽管他的健康问题变得很严重，但他还是克服了困难，成立了以烘炉 brick oven 烤面包的面包店 Arnold Bakery ，并最终使自己的面包房成为美国最大的面包房之一。因此，最合适的标题应为：一名烘炉面包师 A Brick-oven Bread Baker 。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段When Dean Arnold got his first job, he was miserable (痛苦的), Each time he went to work, he coughed and he couldn't breathe. Working in a bakery(面包房) when you are allergic to (对…过敏) flour can be painful.当迪安-阿诺德找到第一份工作时，他是痛苦的，每次上班，他都咳嗽得喘不过气来。当你对面粉过敏时，在面包房工作会很痛苦；以及第二段 At last his health problems became too serious. He left and formed his own company. 最后，他的健康问题变得过于严重。他离开了，成立了自己的公司，可知是因为他对面粉过敏。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段 But Arnold stayed with the National Biscuit Company for ten years. He was a businessman and he helped them improve production. 但阿诺德在国家饼干公司一干就是十年。他是个商人，帮助他们提高了生产，可知帮助他们提高了生产。故选C。
11．细节理解题。根据第三段The bread, made with unbleached flour (标准粉), was baked in a brick oven (烘炉).面包是用未漂白的面粉制成的，在砖砌的烤箱中烘烤；第四段 They began by baking two dozen loaves. The bread was sold door to door for fifteen cents a loaf. 他们开始烤制两打面包。面包以每条 15 美分的价格挨家挨户出售，可知提到了面粉的烘烤方式；用的面粉和低廉的价格，没有提到质量差。故选D。
12．细节理解题。 文章中提到Arnold在面临健康问题和对面粉过敏的情况下，仍然坚持在National Biscuit Company工作十年，并帮助公司提高了生产效率。后来，他离开并创建了自己的公司Arnold Bakery，尽管面临困难，但他仍然努力克服并使其成为美国最大的面包房之一。这表明Arnold是一个有决心的人，因此选项A"有决心的"是正确答案。文章中没有提到Arnold是勇敢的、不寻常的或不健康的，因此选项B、C和D都不是正确答案。 故选A。
13．C
14．A
15．A
16．B
17．C
大意： 本文介绍了Elizabeth Blackwell的生平事迹。她出生于英国，后移民至美国纽约，并决心成为一名医生。
考查阅读选择。注意先看题目，再看文章：在开始阅读文章之前，先看一遍题目，了解文章的主题和问题，有目的地阅读文章，可以提高阅读效率。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段She wanted to be a surgeon(外科医师) , but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea.她曾想成为一名外科医师，但严重的眼疾迫使她放弃了这个想法，可知是严重的眼疾阻止她实现梦想。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. 回到美国后，她发现自己很难开业，因为她是一名女性，可知成为医生地主要障碍是她是一名女性。故选A。
15．数字计算题。根据第二段In 1849, after graduation from medical school. 1849 年，从医学院毕业；以及最后一段By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children Besides being the first woman physician and founding her own hospital , she also set up the first medical school for women.到 1857 年，伊丽莎白和她的姐姐（也是一名医生）以及另一名女医生成功开设了一家新医院，这是第一家为妇女和儿童开设的医院。除了成为第一位女医生并创建了自己的医院，她还创办了第一所女子医学院，可知一共是8年。故选A。
16．推理判断题。 根据第一段 One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. 有一天，她决定要成为一名医生。在十九世纪中叶，这对一个女人来说几乎是不可能的，可知并没有肯定提到她是第一个女医生，可能在她之前已经有其他女性成为了医生。因此，B选项"是第一个女医生"是不正确的。文章提到了她成为了第一个女医生并建立了自己的医院，同时也建立了第一所女子医学院校，因此A、C和D选项都是她生命中的"第一次"。故选B。
17．细节理解题。 根据文章中的描述，Elizabeth Blackwell在十岁时搬到纽约市，后来在美国接受教育并开设了自己的医院和医学院校。因此，她的大部分时间都花在了美国，选项C是正确的。虽然她出生在英国并在巴黎深造过，但文章中并没有提到她在这些地方度过大部分时间。故选C。
18．（1）A
（2）D
（3）B
（4）D
（5）A
文章大意：这篇短文主要描述了一个为教会慈善机构捐款的女人，在画家捐出一幅画后，仍不满足，得到了画家的一个不客气的回应。
（1）细节理解题。根据第一段 The money she collected was going to be given to poor children who had no parents to take care of them. 可知，那个女人为可怜的孩子募捐。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第一段Most people put a few coins in the box.可知，大部分人给了她一点钱。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据第二段I'm sorry, but I don't have any money. However, I'll give you a painting.可知， 这位艺术家不给她钱是因为他没有钱。故选B。
（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段 "I'm sorry to trouble you again," she said, "but we still need more money. We need another $100. Can you help " "Of course," the artist said. "I`ll increase the value of my painting to $500." 可知，这位艺术家告诉这个女人在他的画的价值上增加500-400=100美元。 故选D。
（5）推理判断题。根据 "I'm sorry to trouble you again," she said, "but we still need more money. We need another $100. Can you help " "Of course," the artist said. "I`ll increase the value of my painting to $500." 推理可知， 这位艺术家告诉这个女人在他的画的价值上增加500-400=100美元。这个女人最后从艺术家那里没有得到100美元，答案是否定的，且表示过去发生的事情，应该用一般过去时。故选A。
考查阅读理解。对于文章中的细节理解题，要注意文章中的细节的理解。推理判断题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整地了解信息，准确地把握作者观点。
19．（1）D
（2）A
（3）C
（4）D
（5）C
文章大意：本文讲述了艾瑞斯自幼患有自闭症，很少与人交流。三岁时，开始喜欢画画。后来父母把一些动物介绍给艾瑞斯，图拉成了她的好伙伴。
（1）细节理解题。根据第一段 She doesn't like to talk or be with others and she often feels nervous. 可知，艾瑞斯在学画画之前喜欢独处。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段 Iris' parents learned that animals were good for children with autism, so they introduced some animals to Iris. 可知，艾瑞斯的父母会给她介绍动物是因为它们对艾瑞斯的病有好处。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据第二段 Iris often draws about the cat's eyes and nose in her paintings. 可知，艾瑞斯经常画图拉的眼睛和鼻子。故选C。
（4）细节理解题。根据第三段 Iris' mother said, "When Iris is painting, she tells Thula to sit if she jumps up onto the table. Thula stays there watching Iris with great interest." 可知，当艾瑞斯在画画时，图拉经常坐在那里，看她画画。故选D。
（5）推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，本文讲述了艾瑞斯自幼患有自闭症，很少与人交流。三岁时，开始喜欢画画。后来父母把一些动物介绍给艾瑞斯，图拉成了她的好伙伴。 我们最有可能在互联网上读到这篇文章。 故选C。
考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题和推理判断题题两种常考题型，细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案；推理判断题需要联系文章内容和选项，推断出文章的出处。
20．（1）A
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
（5）B
主要讲了因为严重的空气污染，人们的平均寿命缩短，为了改善环境，人们开始采取措施解决问题。
（1）细节题。根据It showed the life expectancy (平均寿命）had been cut down by 5.5 years there. Scientists think that it is because of the heavy air pollution.可知因为严重的空气污染，人们的平均寿命缩短，故选A。
（2）推断题。根据It showed the life expectancy (平均寿命）had been cut down by 5.5 years there. Scientists think that it is because of the heavy air pollution可知因为严重的空气污染，人们的平均寿命缩短，总是事实，即fact，故选A。
（3）细节题。根据There was serious smog and haze in Beijing in November 2016.2016年11月，北京出现严重雾霾天气，可知用雾霾的例子讲了空气污染，故选B。
（4）细节题。根据It might be expensive to improve our environment, but we must do it.可知改善我们的环境可能很昂贵，但我们必须这样做，故选C。
（5）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了 因为严重的空气污染，人们的平均寿命缩短，为了改善环境，人们开始采取措施解决问题。及为了拯救环境，我们应该做更多的事情，故选B。
考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
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