2025年中考英语二轮复习学案——动词及其分类

动词分类
动词时态
被动语态
非谓语动词
词根词缀
Part one动词的分类
1.及物动词Transitive Verb和不及物动词Intransitive Verb
英语中根据动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动词分成不及物动词与及物动词。
及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于：“主+谓+宾”;“主+谓+双宾”；“主+谓+宾+宾补”结构。
He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
Please hand me the book over there.
They asked me to go fishing with them.
不及物动词后不能跟宾语，只能用于“主+谓”结构
This is the room where I once lived.
不及物动词如果要加宾语，必须在其后先添加介词，如to, of, at，然后可加上宾语。不及物动词没有被动语态。
Students are listening to the music.
She always laughs at me.
2. 谓语动词Predicative Verb和非谓语动词Non-predictive Verb
谓语动词指在句子中充当谓语的动词，有及物动词和不及物动词、系动词、情态动词、和助动词等。
He works very hard.
My mother brings me an umbrella.
It is a sunny day today.
Lily can swim well.
Tom will become a scientist when he grows up.
非谓语动词，又叫非限定动词，非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。
Part Two 动词的时态
时态种类 时态构成
一般现在时态（Simple Present Tense） write(writes)
一般过去时态（Simple Past Tense） wrote
一般将来时态（Simple Future Tense） will (shall) write
过去将来时态（Past Future Tense） should (would) write
过去进行时（Past Present Tense） be (was, were) writing
现在进行时（Simple Present Tense） be (am, is, are) writing
现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense） have (has) written
过去完成时（Past Perfect Tense） had written
现在完成进行时（Present Perfect Progressive tense） have(has) been writing
过去完成进行时(Past Perfect Progressive tense) had been writing
句子填空：选用括号里的词的正确形式完成句子
He keeps telling his students that the future _________ (belong) to the well-educated.
If he ________ (follow) my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.
Tom is looking for the watch his uncle _________ (give) him last month.
You'd better stay until the rain _________ (stop).
I _________ (ride) my bicycle to the bookshop when it suddenly began to rain. I was all wet through.
Part three 动词的被动语态
动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。主要有下列几种情况：不知道动作的执行者；没有必要指出动作的执行者；需要强调或突出动作承受者；句子的主语是动作的承受者。
以tell为例，其被动语态的构成如下：
时态种类 被动语态
一般现在时 be (am, is, are) told
一般过去时 be ( was, were) told
现在进行时 be (am, is, are) being told
现在完成时 have (has) been told
一般将来时 shall (will) be told
过去进行时 be ( was, were) being told
过去完成时 had been told
过去将来时 should(would) be told
含有情态动词 can(may, must) be told
句子填空：选用括号里的词的正确形式完成句子
1. It is reported that more new teaching buildings ________ (build) in our school in the next semester.
My mother isn't at home now. She ________ (ask) to go shopping.
Part Four 非谓语动词
非谓语动词不受主语的限定，没有人称和数的变化，具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。故又称非限定动词。
不定式
To finish the work in 10 minutes is very hard.
His job is to clean the hall.
My teacher ordered us to finish the homework.
He worked day and night to get the money.
动名词
Reading aloud is very helpful.
In the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs.
Is there a swimming pool in your school
They haven’t finished building the house.
现在分词
In the following years, he worked even harder.
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.
You can hear her singing in the next room.
Working in the factory, he is an advanced worker.
过去分词
The window is broken.
Our class went on an organized trip last week.
Praised by his neighbors, he became the pride of his parents.
句子填空：选用括号里的词的正确形式完成句子
When I arrive at home, I smell something _______ (burn) in the kitchen.
I have a lot of readings ________ (complete) before the end of this term.
__________ (encourage) by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.
For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit ________ (grow) on his own farm.
His first book _________ (publish) next month is based on a true story.
Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _________ (repair) first is the library.
Part five 词根词缀
一个单词可由前缀 + 词根 + 后缀组成。词根可以是表示实际意义的词，前缀与后缀通常不能单独用作单词，只能附加在实义词上表示一定意义，前缀多用来限定单词的功能与方向，后缀多用来引导词性。
①常见的动词词缀
en 如sharpen, strengthen, threaten, enlarge, enable
ate 如frustrate, demonstrate, differentiate
fy 使……化，如beautify, satisfy, terrify, purify
ize 使……成为, 如realize, organize, specialize, globalize
②常见的名词词缀
-ce 如difference, importance, entrance
-or/er 如actor, visitor, writer, speaker, reader, player
-ment 如development, management, movement, encouragement
-tion 如discussion, collection, education, production, introduction
③常见的形容词缀
-able 如comfortable, suitable, reliable, reasonable, fashionable
-ous 如dangerous, adventurous, mysterious
-ful 如handful, mouthful, careful, sorrowful
选词成句：选择合适的单词完成下列各句
Thousands of foreigners to the Beijing Olympic Games.
The twins look almost alike, so I could not them.
Your homework is well done. Just some small mistakes in it.
Homework
1. — How about the exhibition yesterday
— It was very noisy, but that didn't ______ me.
A. impress
B. hurt
C. change
D. bother
2. — How about going hiking this weekend
— Sorry. I prefer ____ rather than ______
A. to go out; stay at home
B. to stay at home; go out
C. staying at home; to go out
D. going out; stay at home
3. World Expo 2010 Shanghai China ______ people from all over the world to the theme "Better City, Better Life".
A. attends
B. attracts
C. allows
D. advises
4. The young man used to _____ to work, but he is used to _____ to work now.
A. drive; walking
B. drove; walked
C. drive; walks
D. driving; walk
5. — Look! There is a tall tree over there. Can you _____, Dave
— Yes, let me _____ a try.
A. fall it off; make
B. send it up; to have
C. come it down; give
D. climb it up; have
6. — It's raining, Daisy. Please _____ an umbrella with you.
— Thanks. I'll return it to you when I _____ back next week.
A. take; come
B. take; will come
C. bring; come
D. bring; will come
7. —The Summer Palace is wonderful. Have you ever visited any other interesting places
—Yes. Also, we _____ to the Great Wall.
A. have gone
B. have been
C. had gone
D. had been
8. I first met Lisa three years ago when we _____ at a radio station together.
A. have worked
B. had been working
C. were working
D. had worked
9. — I'm afraid no one will agree _____ you.
— I don't think it _____.
A. with; minds
B. with; matters
C. on; works
D. in; trouble
10. When you _____ at the door, I _____ TV with my parents.
A. knocked; watched
B. was knocking; watched
C. knocked; was watching
D. knock; am watching
11. Please _____ Miss Li that we _____ able to finish the work on time.
A. tell; will be
B. tells; would be
C. told; will be
D. told; would be
12. It _____ ten years since my brother
A. was; become
B. was; have become
C. has; have become
D. has been; became
an English teacher.
13. — The girl _____ all her savings to the people in the Southwest for the serious drought.
— What a donation and what a nice girl!
A. handed out
B. put out
C. sold out
D. gave out
14. You shouldn't _____ your hope. Every thing will be better.
A. give up
B. fix up
C. cheer up
D. put up
15. There _____ a magic show afternoon.on the school playground if it_next Monday
A. will have; doesn't rain
B. will have; won't rain
C. will be; doesn't rain
D. will be; is not raining
选词成句：选择合适的单词完成下列句子。
1. The radio that there will be another heavy rain in Guangdong.
2. We are going to play basketball. Would you please us
3.He telephoned the travel agency to three air tickets to London.
The boy threw a stone into the lake which the smooth surface of the water.
I don’t like this blouse because it doesn’t my slack very well.