专题14完形填空
目录
考点归纳
易错分析
考点练透（考点归纳，易错分析，考点练透+真题模拟）
考点归纳
高考英语完形填空中的逻辑关系
因果关系
文中前后句之间是因果关系时，两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联词，如：because, so, as a result等；但是，有时两句之间却没有表示因果的信号词，这时前后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。
Every year about 40000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.They __41 with them lots of waste.The 42 might damage the beauty of the place.
41.A. keep B. mix C. connect D. Bring
42.A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters
They saw a man_____36_____out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry.
36. A. jumping B. eating C. crying D. waving
条件关系
条件关系就是指从句提出一种条件，主句说明在这种条件下产生的结果。常见关联词有if, unless, on condition that等。
“I can help, Mum！” James said. “_____44_____ I can make you and Dad feel better, can Brett come over Please？”
A. As B. If C. Since D. Before
]The children of Nome would be _____37_____ if it (a deadly infectious disease mainly affecting children) struck the town. Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick.
37. A. harmless B. helpless C. fearless D. careless
让步关系
一般说来，让步关联词分为介词类和连词类。介词类的让步关联词有despite，in spite of, regardless of等，连词类有though，although，as和while以及even if, even though等。
Looking around, he continued, “Cathy has inspired us with her will and enthusiasm. _____33_____ skills and talents bring great success, the most valuable asset(财富)one can hold is the heart.”
33. A. Although B. Since C. Once D. Because
Hard though she tried to make the kids _____40_____， the thunder won the battle for their attention.
40．A. concentrate B.change C．hide D．sit
转折关系
当前后两句的逻辑关系为转折关系时，前句往往提出某种事实或情况，后句转而陈述与前句相反或相对的意思， 即后句才是说话人所要表达的真正意图。常见关联词：however, but, on the contrary等。
We went 10—1 and I was named most valuable player, _____48_____ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s accident.
48. A. and B. then C. but D. thus
Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. _____38_____, the closest supply was over 1, 000 miles away, in Anchorage.
38. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However
The lessons they learned may not be _____40_____ what they would have gotten in school，but are certainly more personal and meaningful，because they had to work them out on their own.
40．A. harmful to B．mixed with C．different from D．applied to
对比关系
当前后句的逻辑关系为对比关系时，两句在意义上应具有明显的差异，以便进行对照比较。常见关联词：while, whereas, not….. but, instead等。
The professor was deaf and any talking was prohibited. I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant._____58_____, if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less. 58. A. Lastly B. Thus C. Instead D. However
并列关系
在用并列连词and或not only…but also把两个互相独立的简单句连接而成的复合句中，前后句之间的逻辑关系为并列关系，既可以是同近义并列，也可以反义并列。解题时，可从一个简单句推知正确答案。
Freddy was an average student, but not an average person. He had the rare balance of fun and compassion（同情）. He would laugh the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyone’s_____46_____.
46. A. misfortune B. disbelief C. dishonesty D. mistake
Then came the final awards ceremony at the end of the year. Cathy didn’t expect any award but was still there to _____30_____ her friends and praise their accomplishments.
30. A. cheer on B. compete with C. respond to D. run after
递进关系
所谓递进关系，是指后一分句以前一分句为基点，并在程度或范围上比前一分句有更进一层的语义关系。常见关联词有even, besides, what’s more等。
They had begun to integrate (融合) the kinds of play and teamwork they had seen the day before into their game. They played aggressively and _____36_____ scored a goal.
36.A.even B.still C.seldom D.again
解释关系
解释关系是指一个句子对另一个句子、短语或单词进行解释或说明。解释的方法既可通过某些动词（mean, be和suggest等），也可通过某些符号（破折号，冒号和括号等），或者关联词(for example/instance, namely等)。 这里只讨论句子之间的解释关系。 In the more than five years since Hannah began her activities, she has received a lot of _____51_____. For example, she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the efforts of young people to change the world.
51. A. praises B. invitations C. replies D. appointments
On January 31, a musher named Seppala had to cross a frozen body of water called Norton Sound. It was the most_____48_____ part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could sometimes break up without warning. If that happened, Seppala might fall into the icy water below.
48. A. shameful B. boring C. dangerous D. foolish
顺序关系
当前后句之间的逻辑关系为顺序关系时，它们往往表示某一事件或动作的连续发生。值得注意的是，顺序关系有时不是指前后句之间，而是存在于上下段或上下文之间。常见关联词有to begin with, first of all, first(ly), second(ly), then, next, in the end, finally, last but not least 等。
In 1973, I was teaching elementary school. Each day, 27 kids entered “The Thinking Laboratory.”… Before the school year_____47_____, I gave the kids a special gift, …
47. A. changed B. approached C. returned D. ended
时间关系
时间状语从句常由when, while, after, before, as soon as等引导。解题时一定要认真研究前后句之间的逻辑关系，结合语境推断出最佳选项。
The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. _____46_____he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannon’s face was black from the extreme cold.
46. A. Though B. Since C. When D. If
In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at music students, struggling across the campus with their heavy instrument cases，turning up at school for practice hours _____38_____ anyone else had to be there.
38. A. before B. after C. until D. since
完形填空题的解题规律
语义优先于语法原则
由于文章的开头部分一般不设空格,而是对所选短文的题材和可能涉及的内容作简单的介绍或提示,并且单纯的语法题几乎从该题型中消失。
如果一味按照语法规则来选择答案，就陷入了答题误区,因为几乎每一题的四个选项都符合语法规则;理解文章的大意并结合语言结构对每个空格作出正确的判断，方为上策。
词内选项句内找原则
从近几年的高考原题来看，近义词或词组的辨析正成为考试的热点。四个选择项要么都是词义相近的名词单数或复数，要么都是近义动词的同一时态等，只能根据上下文的语境作出正确的选择。
如果提供的四个选择项词义相差悬殊，则上文或下文肯定有答题提示，有时第一个空格要读完全文才能回答。
四遍法原则
考生正确的答题步骤应该是：
首先跳过空格通读全文，了解短文的大意及文章的体裁，同时将一眼就看出答案的几道题答出；
第二遍是答题的关键，考生应一个个地去推敲，切忌按题号顺序答题，不能确定的先跳过去，先易后难是答题原则；
第三遍是通篇考虑，把一些上下文联系很强，甚至牵涉到段与段之间逻辑关系的困难空缺填好；
第四遍是检查，做完后再通读一遍全文，从整体把握文章的意思，修正与全文不相称的选项。
易错分析
句中题易混易错点
句中题指设空处的答案由设空处本身所在的单句逻辑意思即可确定选项。
句组易混易错点
句组层次的题由设空处所在的单句无法辨别，需要根据其所在句子的前后句组的信息才可以确定正确选项。语篇易混易错点
语篇层次的题在设空处所在的句中和前后句组内往往不能确定选项，需要浏览全文，根据其他段落或综合全篇信息才能得出正确答案。
熟词生义易混易错点
句中题易混易错点展示
When I first dated Steve, I 43 he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was 44 that he was an animal lover, I 45 that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack 46.Flora , the cat.
43．A．feared B．doubted C．hoped D．learned
44．A．unsatisfied B．amused C．terrified D．thrilled
45．A．predicted B．worried C．regretted D．insisted
句组题易混易错点展示
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have ____21____ the course earlier than she did. Her ____22____ came because she was carrying a petitor__ across the finish line.
21. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished
22. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse
易错分析：两处均属句组题，即在设空处本身的句子无法正确判断，但可以互相借助前后句组得知设空处意思，故一定瞻前顾后做完形。
语篇题易混易错点展示
He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 50. In that moment, I began to fall for him.
We 51. continued to date, though neither of us brought up the future. And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her 52.leg . I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly 53.constantly climbing the stairs could reopen the wound. Then Steve 54 .suggested his house. All worked 55. fine . The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, 56. respected Flora’s space; Steve and I formed a good team 57. caring for Tilly. We made good housemates.
A year later, much to my 58.delight , this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I 59 him to. That’s only for giving 60 to the dogs that brought us together.
59．A．beg B．trust C．need D．aid
60．A．toys B．awards C．food D．Water
易错分析：设空处需要寻找的文章暗示相隔较远，容易被忽略50处的伏笔。故应当先浏览全文再寻找情感线索和逻辑线索确定答案。
熟词生义易混易错点展示
But I was wrong. Every single car quickly, yet carefully, moved to the side. Without thinking, I 31 . The lane remained open for a few seconds during which the ambulance 32.flashed through.
31．A．followed suit B．broke down C．made up D．slowed down
易错分析：熟词自己主观臆断其意思，故应当积极积累词汇，扩大词汇量。
考点练透
高考模拟
（一）
（2024·江苏南京·一模）During my holiday in Sri Lanka this year, I experienced a memorable encounter. While 1 from Ella to Kandy, we saw salespeople selling goods on the road.
The 2 of this route was the many bends. There were many flower sellers, as each time the road made a bend, I could see them standing, expecting cars to 3 .
But one guy 4 my attention: not the first time, and probably not the second time either, but the third time I noticed something 5 . The shirt he was wearing looked like one I had seen before, and at first, I thought this might be the 6 dress of the flower sellers. On second thought, I wondered if it could be his 7 brother. But when we made another turn, I realized that the same guy was running down, taking shortcuts and 8 us all the way!
It became kind of 9 , and at every turn, we were 10 whether the guy was still behind us with his flowers. My 11 grew: how long would he run after us After such a long journey, the poor guy started 12 .
I looked at the flowers; they were beautiful and hand-picked. I asked the driver to 13 opened the window, and bought the flowers. The guy was 14 and was happy that his 15 had paid off!
1．A．hiking B．running C．driving D．cycling
2．A．disadvantage B．characteristic C．function D．destination
3．A．pull over B．break down C．catch up D．turn around
4．A．sought B．shifted C．drew D．deserved
5．A．urgent B．traditional C．beautiful D．familiar
6．A．fancy B．standard C．casual D．plain
7．A．twin B．poor C．lost D．industrious
8．A．observing B．leading C．following D．cheering
9．A．pleasant B．funny C．inspiring D．meaningful
10．A．checking B．considering C．doubting D．asking
11．A．anxiety B．determination C．confidence D．curiosity
12．A．crying B．sweating C．shouting D．complaining
13．A．leave B．proceed C．stop D．concentrate
14．A．smiling B．running C．loading D．bargaining
15．A．creativity B．service C．dream D．devotion
（二）
（2024·安徽合肥·模拟预测）Do you always overlook your mom’s words when talking with your friends If you’re a teen, that’s fairly 16 . And new researches may explain why so many adolescents 17 their mom’s voices.
Young kids’ brains are very tuned in to their mothers’ voices. But as they grow up, everything 18 . Teenagers’ brains are more tuned in to strangers’ voices. This obvious 19 usually happens between ages 13 and 14. That’s when teenagers are in the course of puberty (青春期), a roughly decade-long transition into adulthood.
Researchers scanned the brains of 7 to 16-year-olds as they listened to things said by their mothers or by unfamiliar women. The words were purely 20 : teebudieshawlt, keebudieshawlt and peebudieshawlt. As they listened, certain parts of their brains became 21 . This was especially true in brain regions that help us to pay attention and 22 how to obtain rewards. That’s exactly as it should be. The experiments show that those parts of their brains react more strongly to the unfamiliar voices than to their mothers’.
These areas in the adolescent brains don’t stop 23 mom. It’s just that unfamiliar voices become more rewarding and worthy of attention. “As kids 24 , their survival depends less and less on maternal (母亲的) support. 25 , they rely more and more on their 26 — friends and others closer to their own age. So the brains need to begin paying more attention to that wider world. The brain seems to 27 new needs that come with adolescence.”
However, mothers’ voices still have special power, especially in times of 28 . Studies also showed that levels of stress hormones (荷尔蒙) 29 when stressed-out girls heard their moms’ voices on the phone.
So while both teens and their parents sometimes feel frustrated by missed messages, that’s okay. “That’s the way the 30 functions, and there’s a good reason for it.”
16．A．rare B．common C．impossible D．strange
17．A．tune out B．put up C．show off D．listen to
18．A．matters B．changes C．emerges D．evolves
19．A．shift B．action C．evidence D．ability
20．A．sensible B．regular C．nonstop D．meaningless
21．A．rigid B．numb C．active D．calm
22．A．design B．claim C．inspect D．explore
23．A．responding to B．keeping out C．turning down D．working with
24．A．advance B．struggle C．mature D．shrink
25．A．Otherwise B．Therefore C．Besides D．Instead
26．A．competitors B．strangers C．peers D．relatives
27．A．appeal to B．adjust to C．lead to D．apply to
28．A．relief B．pressure C．absence D．safety
29．A．decreased B．varied C．remained D．topped
30．A．mind B．head C．brain D．heart
（三）
（2024·浙江嘉兴·一模）One night in Reykjavik, Thorleifsson was wandering around the main street with his wife and kids. During their walk, his son was 31 and wanted a drink from the corner store. But Thorleifsson discovered he couldn’t help with the 32 request: A 20- centimetre step 33 his access to the store.
The barrier was all too 34 . Born with muscular dystrophy (营养障碍), Thorleifsson has been using a 35 since age 25. As he waited outside the shop, he 36 ,“I thought about how strange it is that we 37 families in this way.”
Living all over the world as a creative director and digital designer, Thorleifsson had 38 how different cities consider and plan for accessibility, from ramps (斜坡) and sidewalks to public 39 . Having sold his digital creative agency to Twitter, Thorleifsson had the means to make a difference in his home city. He 40 a project to make Iceland wheelchair accessible, one ram p at a time.
Ramp Up Reykjavik started as a non- profit with a 41 to build 100 ramps within a year. Unlike portable and 42 solutions in other cities, these ramps are permanent structures that 43 the style of the buildings, making them appear as if they’ ve always been there.
It’s a design detail that helps provide a sense of inclusivity: These ramps, and those who need to use them, 44 . “Equal access is not a reality yet,” says Thorleifsson. But as he’s learnt, 45 starts with just one person.
31．A．sleepy B．nervous C．thirsty D．joyful
32．A．simple B．polite C．formal D．special
33．A．ruined B．blocked C．allowed D．provided
34．A．rare B．complex C．dangerous D．familiar
35．A．stick B．wheelchair C．medicine D．sign
36．A．recalled B．admitted C．screamed D．responded
37．A．educate B．separate C．challenge D．support
38．A．imagined B．discussed C．witnessed D．predicted
39．A．welfare B．health C．appeal D．transport
40．A．launched B．approved C．revised D．selected
41．A．reason B．goal C．way D．duty
42．A．practical B．suitable C．immediate D．temporary
43．A．adjust B．copy C．match D．develop
44．A．appear B．survive C．belong D．remain
45．A．wisdom B．sympathy C．optimism D．change
（四）
（24-25高三上·湖北黄冈·阶段练习）Michael Surrell and his wife had just parked the car when they got a call from their daughter: “The house next door is on fire!” He instantly went to 46 and saw an old woman cried. “The baby is inside!” “The baby” was 8-year-old Tiara Roberts, the woman’s 47 .
Though the fire department had been called, Surrell 48 rushed into the burning house. The thick 49 caused him to stumble blindly around and made it impossible to 50 . After a few minutes in the smoke-filled house, he moved outside to 51 his breath.
“Where is Tiara ” he asked 52 .
“The second floor,” her grandma shouted back.
Taking a deep breath, Surrell went in a second time. Because the house had a 53 layout to his, he found the stairs easily and made it to the second floor.
But the darkness was 54 . All he could feel was the crackling and popping of burning wood. Then a soft but 55 moan emerged. He crawled toward the sound, feeling around for any 56 of the little girl. Finally, he 57 something. He scooped Tiara into his arms, 58 through the smoke.
Fortunately, Surrell managed to help Tiara out, she was 59 from the hospital after a few days. However, The fire worsened Surrell’s pulmonary (肺的) condition, which he suffered before, and he feels the effects even two years later. “It’s a small 60 to pay,” he says. “I would do it again without a second thought.”
46．A．investigate B．witness C．appreciate D．instruct
47．A．niece B．granddaughter C．cousin D．daughter
48．A．consciously B．immediately C．casually D．calmly
49．A．smoke B．mist C．dust D．smog
50．A．escape B．distinguish C．breathe D．see
51．A．hold B．save C．waste D．catch
52．A．randomly B．cautiously C．nervously D．desperately
53．A．opposite B．similar C．different D．familiar
54．A．thrilling B．challenging C．overwhelming D．threatening
55．A．firm B．loud C．distinct D．sharp
56．A．track B．symbol C．sound D．sign
57．A．touched B．found C．explored D．got
58．A．broke B．struggled C．went D．ran
59．A．rescued B．transported C．suspended D．released
60．A．price B．bill C．check D．fine
（五）
（2024·湖南衡阳·模拟预测）Royce is 98. His wife, Frankie is 97. The couple have been married for 77 years. Thanks to some special people who helped them 61 their anniversary, they finally got some very special wedding memories that they 62 many years before.
The couple have been like 63 to the staff of the St.Croix Hospice who serve as caretakers for the elderly pair. Knowing something about the couple’s history, they came up with a 64 plan.
In 1944, Royce was in the U.S. Air Force and got the final 65 to set off for a mission. Before he left, he and his sweetheart, Frankie, determined to get married. The church ceremony was small and 66 . There was no photographer on hand to record the 67 . Two days later, Royce went to take up his duty.
In the past time, their life together has more than made up for what their wedding 68 . They have spent a lifetime spreading 69 throughout their community. Therefore, the St.Croix staff pulled out all the stops to 70 the ceremony. That day, Frankie, wearing a lovely wedding dress, was 71 through a flower-covered archway (拱门) to where Royce was waiting for her. There wasn’t a 72 eye in the house.
For anyone who doesn’t believe true love can 73 a lifetime, the couple’s daughter, Sue Bilodeau, says they only have to look to the 74 of her parents to be proved wrong. And if that doesn’t 75 them, the pictures are worth a thousand words.
61．A．announce B．celebrate C．advertise D．remember
62．A．thought about B．gave up on C．missed out on D．brought back
63．A．patients B．customers C．audience D．family
64．A．flexible B．cautious C．perfect D．hurried
65．A．order B．test C．signal D．chance
66．A．detailed B．formal C．simple D．regular
67．A．moment B．message C．image D．performance
68．A．owned B．contained C．valued D．lacked
69．A．rewards B．kindness C．information D．stories
70．A．prepare B．remember C．hide D．watch
71．A．pushed B．surrounded C．led D．followed
72．A．bright B．red C．clear D．dry
73．A．waste B．last C．escape D．store
74．A．standard B．goal C．question D．example
75．A．encourage B．persuade C．educate D．stop
高考真题
（一）
（2024·全国·高考真题）When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didn't think too long. I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to 1 , Italy was the clear winner.
During my first visit to Italy, I 2 to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to 3 a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and 4 my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language 5 . After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how 6 Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 7 me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. It's these small 8 of kindness that make a new country feel like home.
As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my 9 quite like Italy. Each town has its own traditional 10 , and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families 11 for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can 12 . These meals are always 13 by laughter and joy. Whatever 14 life in Italy might have, the problems are 15 once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.
1．A．study B．rent C．visit D．settle
2．A．planned B．struggled C．refused D．happened
3．A．string B．hang C．mix D．match
4．A．improved B．assessed C．admired D．praised
5．A．course B．barrier C．area D．test
6．A．open-minded B．strong-willed C．warm-hearted D．well-informed
7．A．remind B．allow C．persuade D．order
8．A．tricks B．promises C．acts D．duties
9．A．ambition B．success C．appetite D．growth
10．A．costume B．dish C．symbol D．tale
11．A．gather B．cheer C．leave D．wait
12．A．put up with B．stand up for C．come up with D．make up for
13．A．signaled B．confirmed C．represented D．accompanied
14．A．disadvantages B．meanings C．surprises D．opportunities
15．A．created B．forgotten C．understood D．identified
（二）
（2024·广东江苏·高考真题）I’ve been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 1 a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running 2 , but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was 3 for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles. To be honest, I 4 it! Between the girl making my 5 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 6 I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
So I 7 cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I 8 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I 9 her bike and went for a ride. The 10 : the roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such 11 . That day, I got 12 by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as 13 .
I’ve 14 a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever 15 I set for myself, they just have to be my own.
1．A．knew B．held C．won D．quit
2．A．regularly B．silently C．proudly D．recently
3．A．asking B．looking C．waiting D．training
4．A．made B．believed C．hated D．Deserved
5．A．advantage B．achievement C．contribution D．influence
6．A．way B．risk C．place D．reason
7．A．gave up B．went on C．turned to D．dealt with
8．A．heard B．dreamed C．complained D．approved
9．A．painted B．borrowed C．bought D．parked
10．A．problem B．secret C．principle D．advice
11．A．dangers B．events C．opponents D．challenges
12．A．passed B．convinced C．admired D．stopped
13．A．reliable B．convenient C．familiar D．appealing
14．A．traveled B．matured C．missed D．worried
15．A．limits B．dates C．goals D．tests
（三）
（2024·浙江·高考真题）While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful 1 with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man 2 me on the train. My 3 friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the 4 to practice my Chinese.
Over several hours, he would tell me about how he had 5 a two-year professional school to quickly find a job 6 highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps the most 7 , however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye, he would 8 a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American 9 as a whole. ”And what do you all learn about Russian authors ” I 10 him asking at one point.
It would have been easy to 11 my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, 12 , and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he 13 me just how much one can gain from 14 with an open mind, and a willingness to 15 with locals from all walks of life.
1．A．experiment B．encounter C．competition D．appointment
2．A．treated B．saved C．lectured D．approached
3．A．true B．so-called C．new D．long-lost
4．A．chance B．advice C．trouble D．right
5．A．visited B．financed C．attended D．founded
6．A．building B．sweeping C．checking D．guarding
7．A．typical B．obvious C．natural D．remarkable
8．A．publish B．quote C．сорy D．download
9．A．writers B．historians C．workers D．students
10．A．anticipate B．imagine C．recall D．catch
11．A．look into B．rely on C．go over D．deal with
12．A．well-behaved B．multi-skilled C．warm-hearted D．self-educated
13．A．asked B．warned C．showed D．promised
14．A．traveling B．reading C．searching D．teaching
15．A．cooperate B．side C．negotiate D．engage
（四）
（2023·全国·高考真题）On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 1 the course earlier than she did. Her 2 came because she was carrying a 3 across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 4 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 5 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 6 . She couldn’t. Bailey then 7 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 8 attention.
Once there, Lenoue was 9 and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme 10 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey, she is more 11 about why her act is considered a big 12 . “She was just crying. I couldn’t 13 her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the 14 , they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the 15 of human kindness won the day.
1．A．designed B．followed C．changed D．finished
2．A．delay B．chance C．trouble D．excuse
3．A．judge B．volunteer C．classmate D．competitor
4．A．race B．school C．town D．training
5．A．agreed B．returned C．stopped D．promised
6．A．courage B．aid C．patience D．advice
7．A．went away B．stood up C．stepped aside D．bent down
8．A．medical B．public C．constant D．equal
9．A．interrupted B．assessed C．identified D．appreciated
0．A．hunger B．pain C．cold D．tiredness
11．A．worried B．ashamed C．confused D．discouraged
12．A．game B．problem C．lesson D．deal
13．A．leave B．cure C．bother D．understand
14．A．ride B．test C．meet D．show
15．A．secret B．display C．benefit D．exchange专题14完形填空
目录
考点归纳
易错分析
考点练透（考点归纳，易错分析，考点练透+真题模拟）
考点归纳
高考英语完形填空中的逻辑关系
因果关系
文中前后句之间是因果关系时，两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联词，如：because, so, as a result等；但是，有时两句之间却没有表示因果的信号词，这时前后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。
Every year about 40000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.They __41 with them lots of waste.The 42 might damage the beauty of the place.
41.A. keep B. mix C. connect D. Bring
42.A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters
解析：这两道题可以通过三句话之间的隐性因果关系来解决。第一句说明每年约有四万人尝试攀登乞力马扎罗山，由于人数多，因此他们带来了大量垃圾；由于大量人群产生大量垃圾，所以破坏了这个地方的美景，因此41题选D，42选C。
They saw a man_____36_____out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry.
36. A. jumping B. eating C. crying D. waving
解析：后一句中的“the man was homeless and hungry（这个男人无家可归且饥肠辘辘）”表示原因，本句表示结果，即前果后因。由因推果，可知“他们看见一个男人正在捡垃圾桶里的食物吃”，故选B。
条件关系
条件关系就是指从句提出一种条件，主句说明在这种条件下产生的结果。常见关联词有if, unless, on condition that等。
“I can help, Mum！” James said. “_____44_____ I can make you and Dad feel better, can Brett come over Please？”
A. As B. If C. Since D. Before
解析：“如果我能让你和父亲感觉好一点儿”与“Brett能过来吗？”是条件与结果的关系，故选B。
]The children of Nome would be _____37_____ if it (a deadly infectious disease mainly affecting children) struck the town. Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick.
37. A. harmless B. helpless C. fearless D. careless
解析：由从句条件推知主句结果。由 “如果这种（主要传染给孩子的致命的）疾病袭击了这个镇子”可推知，“Nome镇的孩子们就会很无助了”，故选B。
让步关系
一般说来，让步关联词分为介词类和连词类。介词类的让步关联词有despite，in spite of, regardless of等，连词类有though，although，as和while以及even if, even though等。
Looking around, he continued, “Cathy has inspired us with her will and enthusiasm. _____33_____ skills and talents bring great success, the most valuable asset(财富)one can hold is the heart.”
33. A. Although B. Since C. Once D. Because
解析由主句“the most valuable asset(财富)one can hold is the heart (然而，一个人拥有的最大财富是内心)”可推知空格所在句句意为“虽然或尽管技巧和天赋能带来巨大的成功”，故选A。
Hard though she tried to make the kids _____40_____， the thunder won the battle for their attention.
40．A. concentrate B.change C．hide D．sit
解析：考查通过让步关系推断出正确答案。根据though可知，前后分句之间为让步关系。句意为“尽管她尽力让孩子们集中注意力，雷声却吸引了孩子们的注意力”。故选A。
转折关系
当前后两句的逻辑关系为转折关系时，前句往往提出某种事实或情况，后句转而陈述与前句相反或相对的意思， 即后句才是说话人所要表达的真正意图。常见关联词：however, but, on the contrary等。
We went 10—1 and I was named most valuable player, _____48_____ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s accident.
48. A. and B. then C. but D. thus
解析：“我被命名为最有价值的运动员”与“我常做恶梦被责备”是转折关系，故选项C正确。Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. _____38_____, the closest supply was over 1, 000 miles away, in Anchorage.
38. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However
解析：因“韦尔奇医生迫切需要药品来预防小孩子们患病”与“最近的药品供应站也在一千英里之外的安克雷奇”为转折关系，故选D。
The lessons they learned may not be _____40_____ what they would have gotten in school，but are certainly more personal and meaningful，because they had to work them out on their own.
40．A. harmful to B．mixed with C．different from D．applied to
解析：由转折连词but后一分句可推知整句的句意为“她们学到的经验可能与将在学校得到的并无区别(different from)，但一定更加个性化，更有意义，因为她们必须靠自己来弄清楚”，故选C。
对比关系
当前后句的逻辑关系为对比关系时，两句在意义上应具有明显的差异，以便进行对照比较。常见关联词：while, whereas, not….. but, instead等。
The professor was deaf and any talking was prohibited. I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant._____58_____, if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less. 58. A. Lastly B. Thus C. Instead D. However
解析：考查对比关系的关联词。 “I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant(我很快意识到安静不是不令人愉快的)”和“if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less(如果当时有口语交流，那只会造成我们学的手语更少)”是对比关系，故选C。
并列关系
在用并列连词and或not only…but also把两个互相独立的简单句连接而成的复合句中，前后句之间的逻辑关系为并列关系，既可以是同近义并列，也可以反义并列。解题时，可从一个简单句推知正确答案。
Freddy was an average student, but not an average person. He had the rare balance of fun and compassion（同情）. He would laugh the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyone’s_____46_____.
46. A. misfortune B. disbelief C. dishonesty D. mistake
解析：根据并列连词and和前一分句中的fun以及46空前面的saddest不难判断：两分句之间的逻辑关系为并列关系，且是反义并列，故选A。
Then came the final awards ceremony at the end of the year. Cathy didn’t expect any award but was still there to _____30_____ her friends and praise their accomplishments.
30. A. cheer on B. compete with C. respond to D. run after
解析：根据“and praise their accomplishments”可推知，30空应为：为某人鼓劲加油，故选A。
递进关系
所谓递进关系，是指后一分句以前一分句为基点，并在程度或范围上比前一分句有更进一层的语义关系。常见关联词有even, besides, what’s more等。
They had begun to integrate (融合) the kinds of play and teamwork they had seen the day before into their game. They played aggressively and _____36_____ scored a goal.
36.A.even B.still C.seldom D.again
解析：前文说她们把前一天从对手身上“看到”的技巧和合作精神融入到自己的比赛中。由“她们表现得很有进攻性”与“(甚至)还进了一球”是递进关系，故选A。
解释关系
解释关系是指一个句子对另一个句子、短语或单词进行解释或说明。解释的方法既可通过某些动词（mean, be和suggest等），也可通过某些符号（破折号，冒号和括号等），或者关联词(for example/instance, namely等)。 这里只讨论句子之间的解释关系。 In the more than five years since Hannah began her activities, she has received a lot of _____51_____. For example, she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the efforts of young people to change the world.
51. A. praises B. invitations C. replies D. appointments
解析：由for example可知，两句之间为解释关系。并且由后一句的句意“例如，她获得2007年度的BRICK Award大奖”可知，51空处应表示“奖励”，故选A。
On January 31, a musher named Seppala had to cross a frozen body of water called Norton Sound. It was the most_____48_____ part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could sometimes break up without warning. If that happened, Seppala might fall into the icy water below.
48. A. shameful B. boring C. dangerous D. foolish
解析：空后的句子“Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could sometimes break up without warning. If that happened, Seppala might fall into the icy water below. ”是对48空所在句子的解释，由这一解释可知“这是旅途中最危险的一部分”，故选C。
顺序关系
当前后句之间的逻辑关系为顺序关系时，它们往往表示某一事件或动作的连续发生。值得注意的是，顺序关系有时不是指前后句之间，而是存在于上下段或上下文之间。常见关联词有to begin with, first of all, first(ly), second(ly), then, next, in the end, finally, last but not least 等。
In 1973, I was teaching elementary school. Each day, 27 kids entered “The Thinking Laboratory.”… Before the school year_____47_____, I gave the kids a special gift, …
47. A. changed B. approached C. returned D. ended
解析：前文说作者正在教小学，根据 “I gave the kids a special gift ”，可知从句应表示“在本学年结束之前”，故选D。
时间关系
时间状语从句常由when, while, after, before, as soon as等引导。解题时一定要认真研究前后句之间的逻辑关系，结合语境推断出最佳选项。
The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. _____46_____he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannon’s face was black from the extreme cold.
46. A. Though B. Since C. When D. If
解析：前后句之间的逻辑关系为时间关系，且从句意（当他把药给下一位 赶狗拉雪橇的人的时候，Shannon的脸因极度的寒冷而冻得发黑。）来判定46空处应为：当……的时候，故选C。
In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at music students, struggling across the campus with their heavy instrument cases，turning up at school for practice hours _____38_____ anyone else had to be there.
38. A. before B. after C. until D. since
解析：根据38空的前后句可知Gabriel不喜欢音乐，其中的一个原因就是学音乐的学生要比规定的到校时间早几个小时到校去练习音乐，故选A。
完形填空题的解题规律
语义优先于语法原则
由于文章的开头部分一般不设空格,而是对所选短文的题材和可能涉及的内容作简单的介绍或提示,并且单纯的语法题几乎从该题型中消失。
如果一味按照语法规则来选择答案，就陷入了答题误区,因为几乎每一题的四个选项都符合语法规则;理解文章的大意并结合语言结构对每个空格作出正确的判断，方为上策。
词内选项句内找原则
从近几年的高考原题来看，近义词或词组的辨析正成为考试的热点。四个选择项要么都是词义相近的名词单数或复数，要么都是近义动词的同一时态等，只能根据上下文的语境作出正确的选择。
如果提供的四个选择项词义相差悬殊，则上文或下文肯定有答题提示，有时第一个空格要读完全文才能回答。
四遍法原则
考生正确的答题步骤应该是：
首先跳过空格通读全文，了解短文的大意及文章的体裁，同时将一眼就看出答案的几道题答出；
第二遍是答题的关键，考生应一个个地去推敲，切忌按题号顺序答题，不能确定的先跳过去，先易后难是答题原则；
第三遍是通篇考虑，把一些上下文联系很强，甚至牵涉到段与段之间逻辑关系的困难空缺填好；
第四遍是检查，做完后再通读一遍全文，从整体把握文章的意思，修正与全文不相称的选项。
易错分析
句中题易混易错点
句中题指设空处的答案由设空处本身所在的单句逻辑意思即可确定选项。
句组易混易错点
句组层次的题由设空处所在的单句无法辨别，需要根据其所在句子的前后句组的信息才可以确定正确选项。语篇易混易错点
语篇层次的题在设空处所在的句中和前后句组内往往不能确定选项，需要浏览全文，根据其他段落或综合全篇信息才能得出正确答案。
熟词生义易混易错点
句中题易混易错点展示
When I first dated Steve, I 43 he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was 44 that he was an animal lover, I 45 that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack 46.Flora , the cat.
43．A．feared B．doubted C．hoped D．learned
44．A．unsatisfied B．amused C．terrified D．thrilled
45．A．predicted B．worried C．regretted D．insisted
【答案】43．D 44．D 45．B
易错分析：脱离语境，未关主句内信息，“第一次见到时，他有一只狗”。按照常理即可推知43题答案。不关注animal lover对应的心理暗示则44空易误选C项。45处忽视句内暗示too many也易出错。
句中题。考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时，我得知他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫。A. feared恐惧；B. doubted怀疑；C. hoped希望；D. learned了解到。根据“he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora”可知，此处是指了解到这一情况。故选D。
句中题。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. unsatisfied不满意的；B. amused愉快的；C. terrified害怕的；D. thrilled非常开心的。根据前文“For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance.”(多年来，我喜欢和我的狗——蒂莉和吉斯——一起生活。)可知，“我”很高兴他是一个动物爱好者。故选D。
45．句中题。考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. predicted预测；B. worried担心；C. regretted后悔；D. insisted坚持。根据“three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack”可知，此处是指“我”很担心。故选B。
句组题易混易错点展示
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have ____21____ the course earlier than she did. Her ____22____ came because she was carrying a petitor__ across the finish line.
21. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished
22. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse
易错分析：两处均属句组题，即在设空处本身的句子无法正确判断，但可以互相借助前后句组得知设空处意思，故一定瞻前顾后做完形。
【答案】21. D 22. A
21.句组题。考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛。A. designed设计；B. followed跟随；C. changed改变；D. finished完成。根据下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____8____ attention”可知，Bailey在比赛中背一名参赛者，所以完成比赛晚了，因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛”。故选D。
22.句组题。考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A. delay延误；B. chance机会；C. trouble麻烦；D. excuse借口。根据上文“Melanie Bailey should have ____1____ the course earlier than she did”和上一题的解析可知，Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛，她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。故选A。
语篇题易混易错点展示
He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 50. In that moment, I began to fall for him.
We 51. continued to date, though neither of us brought up the future. And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her 52.leg . I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly 53.constantly climbing the stairs could reopen the wound. Then Steve 54 .suggested his house. All worked 55. fine . The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, 56. respected Flora’s space; Steve and I formed a good team 57. caring for Tilly. We made good housemates.
A year later, much to my 58.delight , this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I 59 him to. That’s only for giving 60 to the dogs that brought us together.
59．A．beg B．trust C．need D．aid
60．A．toys B．awards C．food D．Water
易错分析：设空处需要寻找的文章暗示相隔较远，容易被忽略50处的伏笔。故应当先浏览全文再寻找情感线索和逻辑线索确定答案。
【答案】59．C 60．D
语篇题。考查动词词义辨析。句意：他没有跪下，我也不需要他跪下。A. beg乞求；B. trust信任；C. need需要；D. aid帮助。根据nor和“He did not kneel (跪) down”可知，此处是指“我”也不需要他跪下。故选C。
60．语篇题。考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是给爱犬喝水的举动把我们带到一起。A. toys玩具；B. awards奖励；C. food食物；D. water水。根据“brought us together”和前文“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.”可知，此处是指给爱犬喝水的举动。故选D。
熟词生义易混易错点展示
But I was wrong. Every single car quickly, yet carefully, moved to the side. Without thinking, I 31 . The lane remained open for a few seconds during which the ambulance 32.flashed through.
31．A．followed suit B．broke down C．made up D．slowed down
易错分析：熟词自己主观臆断其意思，故应当积极积累词汇，扩大词汇量。
【答案】A
熟词生义。考查动词短语辨析。句意：不假思索，我也跟着做。A. followed suit跟着做；B. broke down出故障；C. made up组成；D. slowed down减速。上文“Every single car quickly, yet carefully, moved to the side”提到每一辆车都快速而小心地移到边上，作者应该是跟着做。故选A。
考点练透
高考模拟
（一）
（2024·江苏南京·一模）During my holiday in Sri Lanka this year, I experienced a memorable encounter. While 1 from Ella to Kandy, we saw salespeople selling goods on the road.
The 2 of this route was the many bends. There were many flower sellers, as each time the road made a bend, I could see them standing, expecting cars to 3 .
But one guy 4 my attention: not the first time, and probably not the second time either, but the third time I noticed something 5 . The shirt he was wearing looked like one I had seen before, and at first, I thought this might be the 6 dress of the flower sellers. On second thought, I wondered if it could be his 7 brother. But when we made another turn, I realized that the same guy was running down, taking shortcuts and 8 us all the way!
It became kind of 9 , and at every turn, we were 10 whether the guy was still behind us with his flowers. My 11 grew: how long would he run after us After such a long journey, the poor guy started 12 .
I looked at the flowers; they were beautiful and hand-picked. I asked the driver to 13 opened the window, and bought the flowers. The guy was 14 and was happy that his 15 had paid off!
1．A．hiking B．running C．driving D．cycling
2．A．disadvantage B．characteristic C．function D．destination
3．A．pull over B．break down C．catch up D．turn around
4．A．sought B．shifted C．drew D．deserved
5．A．urgent B．traditional C．beautiful D．familiar
6．A．fancy B．standard C．casual D．plain
7．A．twin B．poor C．lost D．industrious
8．A．observing B．leading C．following D．cheering
9．A．pleasant B．funny C．inspiring D．meaningful
10．A．checking B．considering C．doubting D．asking
11．A．anxiety B．determination C．confidence D．curiosity
12．A．crying B．sweating C．shouting D．complaining
13．A．leave B．proceed C．stop D．concentrate
14．A．smiling B．running C．loading D．bargaining
15．A．creativity B．service C．dream D．devotion
【答案】
1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．A 11．D 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者去在斯里兰卡度假的时候，遇到了一个追着作者他们车跑，想要卖花的人。这人会在每一个转弯等着他们的车，最终卖掉了鲜花。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从艾拉开车去康提的时候，我们看见售货员在路上卖东西。A. hiking徒步；B. running跑步；C. driving驾驶；D. cycling骑自行车。根据后文“I asked the driver to”可知，他们是开车去的。故选C。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这条路线的特点是弯道多。A. disadvantage缺点；B. characteristic特点；C. function功能；D. destination目的地。根据后文“of this route was the many bends”可知，这条路线的特点是弯道多。故选B。
3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：路上有很多卖花的人，每次路拐个弯，我都能看到他们站在那里，等着汽车转弯。A. pull over靠边停车；B. break down出故障；C. catch up赶上；D. turn around转身，转弯。根据上文“I could see them standing, expecting cars to”可知，卖花的人在等着汽车转弯，好卖花。故选D。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是有一个人引起了我的注意：不是第一次，可能也不是第二次，但第三次我注意到了一些熟悉的东西。A. sought寻找；B. shifted转移；C. drew吸引，绘画；D. deserved值得。根据后文“my attention”指吸引注意力应用draw。故选C。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是有一个人引起了我的注意：不是第一次，可能也不是第二次，但第三次我注意到了一些熟悉的东西。A. urgent紧急的；B. traditional传统的；C. beautiful美丽的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据后文“The shirt he was wearing looked like one I had seen before”可知，作者注意到了一些熟悉的东西。故选D。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他穿的衬衫看起来像我以前见过的一件，起初，我以为这可能是卖花的人的标准着装。A. fancy时髦的；B. standard标准的；C. casual随便的；D. plain朴素的。根据上文“The shirt he was wearing looked like one I had seen before, and at first, I thought this might be the”可知，卖花的人衬衫作者很熟悉，作者以为这可能是卖花的人的标准着装。故选B。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：转念一想，我怀疑会不会是他的孪生兄弟。A. twin双胞胎的；B. poor贫穷的；C. lost迷失的；D. industrious勤劳的。根据上文“The shirt he was wearing looked like one I had seen before”可知，作者一开始以为是孪生兄弟，所以相似，故选A。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是当我们又转了一个弯时，我意识到那个家伙正在往下跑，抄捷径，一路跟着我们！A. observing观察；B. leading领导；C. following跟随；D. cheering欢呼。根据后文“us all the way”可知，这个人一直跟着作者他们的车。故选C。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这变得有点有趣，我们每到一个转角，就会查看那个人是否还在我们后面，拿着他的花。A. pleasant令人愉快的；B. funny有趣的；C. inspiring鼓舞人心的；D. meaningful有意义的。根据后文“whether the guy was still behind us with his flowers.”作者会查看那个人是不是在后面，说明变得有趣味性了。故选B。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这变得有点有趣，我们每到一个转角，就会查看那个人是否还在我们后面，拿着他的花。A. checking查看；B. considering考虑；C. doubting怀疑；D. asking询问。根据后文“whether the guy was still behind us with his flowers.”指作者每到一个转角，就会查看那个人是否还在后面，拿着他的花。故选A。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的好奇心越来越强：他会追我们多久？A. anxiety焦虑；B. determination决心；C. confidence自信；D. curiosity好奇心。根据后文“how long would he run after us ”可知，这人的行为引起了作者的好奇心。故选D。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过这么长的旅程，这个可怜的家伙开始大汗淋漓。A. crying哭泣；B. sweating流汗；C. shouting叫喊；D. complaining抱怨。根据上文“After such a long journey”可知，跑了很远，这人开始流汗。故选B。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我让司机停下来，打开窗户，买了花。A. leave离开；B. proceed进行；C. stop停止；D. concentrate集中。根据后文“opened the window, and bought the flowers”指让司机停车，把窗户打开买花，故选C。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那家伙微笑着，很高兴他的付出得到了回报！A. smiling微笑；B. running跑步；C. loading装载；D. bargaining讨价还价。根据后文“was happy”可知，因为高兴而微笑了，故选A。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那家伙微笑着，很高兴他的付出得到了回报！A. creativity创造力；B. service服务；C. dream梦想；D. devotion奉献，付出。根据上文“After such a long journey”可知，这人跑了很远的路，付出得到了回报。故选D。
（二）
（2024·安徽合肥·模拟预测）Do you always overlook your mom’s words when talking with your friends If you’re a teen, that’s fairly 16 . And new researches may explain why so many adolescents 17 their mom’s voices.
Young kids’ brains are very tuned in to their mothers’ voices. But as they grow up, everything 18 . Teenagers’ brains are more tuned in to strangers’ voices. This obvious 19 usually happens between ages 13 and 14. That’s when teenagers are in the course of puberty (青春期), a roughly decade-long transition into adulthood.
Researchers scanned the brains of 7 to 16-year-olds as they listened to things said by their mothers or by unfamiliar women. The words were purely 20 : teebudieshawlt, keebudieshawlt and peebudieshawlt. As they listened, certain parts of their brains became 21 . This was especially true in brain regions that help us to pay attention and 22 how to obtain rewards. That’s exactly as it should be. The experiments show that those parts of their brains react more strongly to the unfamiliar voices than to their mothers’.
These areas in the adolescent brains don’t stop 23 mom. It’s just that unfamiliar voices become more rewarding and worthy of attention. “As kids 24 , their survival depends less and less on maternal (母亲的) support. 25 , they rely more and more on their 26 — friends and others closer to their own age. So the brains need to begin paying more attention to that wider world. The brain seems to 27 new needs that come with adolescence.”
However, mothers’ voices still have special power, especially in times of 28 . Studies also showed that levels of stress hormones (荷尔蒙) 29 when stressed-out girls heard their moms’ voices on the phone.
So while both teens and their parents sometimes feel frustrated by missed messages, that’s okay. “That’s the way the 30 functions, and there’s a good reason for it.”
16．A．rare B．common C．impossible D．strange
17．A．tune out B．put up C．show off D．listen to
18．A．matters B．changes C．emerges D．evolves
19．A．shift B．action C．evidence D．ability
20．A．sensible B．regular C．nonstop D．meaningless
21．A．rigid B．numb C．active D．calm
22．A．design B．claim C．inspect D．explore
23．A．responding to B．keeping out C．turning down D．working with
24．A．advance B．struggle C．mature D．shrink
25．A．Otherwise B．Therefore C．Besides D．Instead
26．A．competitors B．strangers C．peers D．relatives
27．A．appeal to B．adjust to C．lead to D．apply to
28．A．relief B．pressure C．absence D．safety
29．A．decreased B．varied C．remained D．topped
30．A．mind B．head C．brain D．heart
【答案】
16．B 17．A 18．B 19．A 20．D 21．C 22．D 23．A 24．C 25．D 26．C 27．B 28．B 29．A 30．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了青少年常常忽略母亲的声音，而小时候则非常听话。文章解释了这一现象背后的原因：大脑为了适应不同成长阶段对外界的不同需求，因此在不同年龄阶段对不同人的声音反应程度有不同。
16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你是青少年，这很常见。A. rare罕见的；B. common常见的；C. impossible不可能的；D. strange奇怪的。根据上文“Do you always overlook your mom’s words when talking with your friends If you’re a teen”以及下文“Teenagers’ brains are more tuned in to strangers’ voices.”可知，你有时候在和朋友聊天的时候忽略你的妈妈吗？青少年的大脑对陌生人的声音更敏感，所以如果你是青少年，这是很常见的。故选B项。
17．考查动词短语辨析。句意：新的研究或许可以解释为什么这么多的青少年不理会妈妈的声音。A. tune out不理，对……无反应；B. put up悬挂，张贴；C. show off炫耀；D. listen to听。 根据上文“Do you always overlook your mom’s words when talking with your friends ”提到在和朋友聊天的时候忽略你的妈妈，由此可知，此处应表示新的研究或许可以解释为什么这么多的青少年不理会妈妈的声音。故选A项。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但随着他们长大，一切都变了。A. matters要紧的是；B. changes改变；C. emerges出现；D. evolves进化。根据上文“Young kids’ brains are very tuned in to their mothers’ voices.”以及下文“Teenagers’ brains are more tuned in to strangers’ voices.”可知，上下文形成语意转折，由此可知，此处应表示随着他们长大，一切都变了。故选B项。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种明显的转变通常发生在13岁到14岁之间。A. shift转变；B. action行动；C. evidence证据；D. ability能力。根据上文“But as they grow up, everything .”可知，小孩子的大脑对母亲的声音很敏感。但随着他们长大，一切都变了。由此可知，此处应表示这种转变通常发生在13岁到14岁之间。故选A项。
20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些词完全没有意义：teebudieshawlt, keebudieshawlt和peebudieshawlt。A. sensible明智的；B. regular有规律的；C. nonstop 不间断的；D. meaningless无意义的。根据下文“As they listened, certain parts of their brains became _________.”可知，当研究人员扫描了7至16岁儿童在听母亲或陌生女性讲话时的大脑，全都是一些没有意义的词，但是当给小孩子们听时，他们大脑的某些部分变得活跃起来。故选D项。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他们听时，他们大脑的某些部分变得活跃起来。A. rigid死板的；B. numb麻木的；C. active积极的；D. calm冷静的。根据上文“Young kids’ brains are very tuned in to their mothers’ voices.”可知，小孩子的大脑对母亲的声音很敏感。当研究人员扫描了7至16岁儿童在听母亲或陌生女性讲话时的大脑，全都是一些没有意义的词，但是当给小孩子们听时，他们大脑的某些部分变得活跃起来。故选C项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在帮助我们集中注意力和探索如何获得奖励的大脑区域尤其如此。A. design设计；B. claim声称；C. inspect检查；D. explore探索。根据句意以及上文“This was especially true in brain regions that help us to pay attention…”由此可知，此处应表示我们集中注意力和探索如何获得奖励的大脑区域尤其如此。故选D项。
23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：青少年大脑中的这些区域并没有停止对妈妈的反应。A. responding to对……作出反应；B. keeping out挡在外面；C. turning down拒绝；D. working with与……共事。根据下文“However, mothers’ voices still have special power, especially in times of _________.”可知，母亲的声音仍然具有特殊的力量，尤其是在压力大的时候，所以青少年大脑中的这些区域并没有停止对妈妈的反应。故选A项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着孩子的成熟，他们的生存越来越不依赖于母亲的支持。A. advance前进；B. struggle挣扎；C. mature成熟；D. shrink 减少。根据下文“their survival depends less and less on maternal support”可知，随着我们的成熟，我们的生存越来越不依赖于妈妈的支持。故选C项。
25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他们越来越依赖于同龄人、朋友和其他与自己年龄相近的人。A. Otherwise否则；B. Therefore因此；C. Besides此外；D. Instead而不是。根据下文“they rely more and more on their —friends and others closer to their own age.”可知，随着年龄增长，我们越来越依赖的是同龄人、朋友和其他与自己年龄相近的人，由此与前文构成转折关系。故选D项。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，他们越来越依赖于同龄人、朋友和其他与自己年龄相近的人。A. competitors竞争者；B. strangers陌生人；C. peers同龄人；D. relatives亲戚。根据下文“friends and others closer to their own age.”可知，随着年龄增长，我们越来越依赖的是同龄人、朋友和其他与自己年龄相近的人。故选C项。
27．考查动词短语辨析。句意：大脑似乎在适应青春期带来的新需求。A. appeal to 呼吁；B. adjust to调整，适应；C. lead to导致；D. apply to适用于。根据下文的“new needs that come with adolescence”可知，对于青春期带来的新需求，大脑似乎适应了。故选B项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，母亲的声音仍然具有特殊的力量，尤其是在压力大的时候。A. relief宽慰；B. pressure压力；C. absence缺席；D. safety安全。根据下文“Studies also showed that levels of stress hormones (荷尔蒙) ________ when stressed-out girls heard their moms’ voices on the phone.”可知，当压力过大的女孩在电话里听到妈妈的声音时，她们的应激激素水平会下降，所以母亲的声音仍然具有特殊的力量，尤其是在压力大的时候。故选B项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究还表明，当压力过大的女孩在电话里听到妈妈的声音时，她们的应激激素水平会下降。A. decreased下降；B. varied变化；C. remained保留，留下；D. topped高于，超过。根据上文“mothers’ voices still have special power, especially in times of .”可知，母亲的声音仍然具有特殊的力量，尤其是在压力大的时候，当压力过大的女孩在电话里听到妈妈的声音时，她们的应激激素水平会下降。故选A项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是大脑的运作方式，这是有原因的。A. mind心智；B. head头；C. brain大脑；D. heart心脏。根据上文“Young kids’ brains are very tuned in to their mothers’ voices. But as they grow up, everything . Teenagers’ brains are more tuned in to strangers’ voices.”可知，因为儿童时期需要依赖母亲的支持，因此儿童时期的大脑很听妈妈的话。到了青春期，由于有新的需求，于是大脑对不熟悉的声音更加关注。这是大脑连接的方式。故选C项。
（三）
（2024·浙江嘉兴·一模）One night in Reykjavik, Thorleifsson was wandering around the main street with his wife and kids. During their walk, his son was 31 and wanted a drink from the corner store. But Thorleifsson discovered he couldn’t help with the 32 request: A 20- centimetre step 33 his access to the store.
The barrier was all too 34 . Born with muscular dystrophy (营养障碍), Thorleifsson has been using a 35 since age 25. As he waited outside the shop, he 36 ,“I thought about how strange it is that we 37 families in this way.”
Living all over the world as a creative director and digital designer, Thorleifsson had 38 how different cities consider and plan for accessibility, from ramps (斜坡) and sidewalks to public 39 . Having sold his digital creative agency to Twitter, Thorleifsson had the means to make a difference in his home city. He 40 a project to make Iceland wheelchair accessible, one ram p at a time.
Ramp Up Reykjavik started as a non- profit with a 41 to build 100 ramps within a year. Unlike portable and 42 solutions in other cities, these ramps are permanent structures that 43 the style of the buildings, making them appear as if they’ ve always been there.
It’s a design detail that helps provide a sense of inclusivity: These ramps, and those who need to use them, 44 . “Equal access is not a reality yet,” says Thorleifsson. But as he’s learnt, 45 starts with just one person.
31．A．sleepy B．nervous C．thirsty D．joyful
32．A．simple B．polite C．formal D．special
33．A．ruined B．blocked C．allowed D．provided
34．A．rare B．complex C．dangerous D．familiar
35．A．stick B．wheelchair C．medicine D．sign
36．A．recalled B．admitted C．screamed D．responded
37．A．educate B．separate C．challenge D．support
38．A．imagined B．discussed C．witnessed D．predicted
39．A．welfare B．health C．appeal D．transport
40．A．launched B．approved C．revised D．selected
41．A．reason B．goal C．way D．duty
42．A．practical B．suitable C．immediate D．temporary
43．A．adjust B．copy C．match D．develop
44．A．appear B．survive C．belong D．remain
45．A．wisdom B．sympathy C．optimism D．change
【答案】
31．C 32．A 33．B 34．D 35．B 36．A 37．B 38．C 39．D 40．A 41．B 42．D 43．C 44．C 45．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Thorleifsson生来就患有肌肉萎缩症，从25岁起就一直坐在轮椅上，但是他发现许多建筑设施没有考虑到使用轮椅的情况。于是他发起了一个项目，让冰岛的轮椅可以一次使用一个坡道。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他们散步的时候，他的儿子渴了，想在街角的商店里买杯饮料。A. sleepy困倦的；B. nervous紧张的；C. thirsty口渴的；D. joyful快乐的。根据后文“wanted a drink”可知散步的时候儿子口渴了，想去买喝的。故选C。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是Thorleifsson发现他无法满足这个简单的要求：让他进入商店的20厘米台阶。A. simple简单的；B. polite礼貌的；C. formal正式的；D. special特别的。根据上文“wanted a drink”可知，他只是想去买杯饮料，这一个简单的要求。故选A。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是Thorleifsson发现他无法满足这个简单的要求：让他进入商店的20厘米台阶。A. ruined毁灭；B. blocked阻塞；C. allowed允许，使有可能；D. provided提供。根据后文“his access to the store”可知，20厘米的台阶可以让他进入商店，应用allow。故选B。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这道障碍太熟悉了。A. rare稀有的；B. complex复杂的；C. dangerous危险的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据后文“Born with muscular dystrophy, Thorleifsson has been using a”可知，Thorleifsson生来就患有肌肉萎缩症，一直坐轮椅，所以这个障碍对他来说很熟悉。故选D。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Thorleifsson生来就患有肌肉萎缩症，从25岁起就一直坐在轮椅上。A. stick棍子；B. wheelchair轮椅；C. medicine药物；D. sign迹象。根据上文“Born with muscular dystrophy”可知，Thorleifsson生来就患有肌肉萎缩症，从25岁起就一直坐在轮椅上。故选B。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他回忆说，当他在商店外面等着的时候，“我在想，我们用这种方式把家庭分开是多么奇怪。”A. recalled回想起；B. admitted承认；C. screamed尖叫；D. responded回答。根据后文“I thought about how strange it is that we”以及事情发生在过去，所以是在店外等待的时候回忆。故选A。
37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他回忆说，当他在商店外面等着的时候，“我在想，我们用这种方式把家庭分开是多么奇怪。”A. educate教育；B. separate分开；C. challenge挑战；D. support支持。根据上文“he waited outside the shop”可知，他在店外等，和家人分开了。故选B。
38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名创意总监和数字设计师，Thorleifsson在世界各地生活，目睹了不同城市如何考虑和规划可达性，从坡道、人行道到公共交通。A. imagined想象；B. discussed讨论；C. witnessed目击；D. predicted预测。根据后文“how different cities consider and plan for accessibility”指Thorleifsson目睹了不同城市如何考虑和规划可达性，故选C。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名创意总监和数字设计师，Thorleifsson在世界各地生活，目睹了不同城市如何考虑和规划可达性，从坡道、人行道到公共交通。A. welfare福利；B. health健康；C. appeal吸引力；D. transport运输。上文“from ramps and sidewalks to public”提到的坡道、人行道都属于公共交通设施。故选D。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他发起了一个项目，让冰岛的轮椅可以一次使用一个坡道。A. launched启动；B. approved支持；C. revised修改；D. selected选择。根据后文“a project to make Iceland wheelchair accessible”指发起了一个项目。故选A。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：雷克雅未克的Ramp Up最初是一个非营利组织，目标是在一年内建造100个坡道。A. reason理由；B. goal目标；C. way方法；D. duty义务。后文“to build 100 ramps within a year”是这个组织的目标。故选B。
42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与其他城市的便携式和临时解决方案不同，这些坡道是与建筑物风格相匹配的永久性结构，使它们看起来好像一直都在那里。A. practical实际的；B. suitable合适的；C. immediate立即的；D. temporary暂时的。与后文“making them appear as if they’ve always been there”永久性结构对应的是临时解决方案。故选D。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与其他城市的便携式和临时解决方案不同，这些坡道是与建筑物风格相匹配的永久性结构，使它们看起来好像一直都在那里。A. adjust调整；B. copy复制；C. match匹配；D. develop发展。根据后文“the style of the buildings, making them appear as if they’ve always been there”可知，这些坡道是与建筑物风格相匹配的永久性结构，使它们看起来好像一直都在那里。故选C。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一个有助于提供包容性的设计细节：这些坡道和那些需要使用它们的人是属于这里的。A. appear出现；B. survive幸存；C. belong属于；D. remain维持。根据上文“It’s a design detail that helps provide a sense of inclusivity”可知，设计提供包容性体现在这些坡道和那些需要使用它们的人是属于这里的。故选C。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但正如他所学到的，改变只从一个人开始。A. wisdom智慧；B. sympathy同情；C. optimism乐观；D. change改变。根据后文“starts with just one person”以及上文他发起项目来改变轮椅使用情况，所以是指改变从个人开始。故选D。
（四）
（24-25高三上·湖北黄冈·阶段练习）Michael Surrell and his wife had just parked the car when they got a call from their daughter: “The house next door is on fire!” He instantly went to 46 and saw an old woman cried. “The baby is inside!” “The baby” was 8-year-old Tiara Roberts, the woman’s 47 .
Though the fire department had been called, Surrell 48 rushed into the burning house. The thick 49 caused him to stumble blindly around and made it impossible to 50 . After a few minutes in the smoke-filled house, he moved outside to 51 his breath.
“Where is Tiara ” he asked 52 .
“The second floor,” her grandma shouted back.
Taking a deep breath, Surrell went in a second time. Because the house had a 53 layout to his, he found the stairs easily and made it to the second floor.
But the darkness was 54 . All he could feel was the crackling and popping of burning wood. Then a soft but 55 moan emerged. He crawled toward the sound, feeling around for any 56 of the little girl. Finally, he 57 something. He scooped Tiara into his arms, 58 through the smoke.
Fortunately, Surrell managed to help Tiara out, she was 59 from the hospital after a few days. However, The fire worsened Surrell’s pulmonary (肺的) condition, which he suffered before, and he feels the effects even two years later. “It’s a small 60 to pay,” he says. “I would do it again without a second thought.”
46．A．investigate B．witness C．appreciate D．instruct
47．A．niece B．granddaughter C．cousin D．daughter
48．A．consciously B．immediately C．casually D．calmly
49．A．smoke B．mist C．dust D．smog
50．A．escape B．distinguish C．breathe D．see
51．A．hold B．save C．waste D．catch
52．A．randomly B．cautiously C．nervously D．desperately
53．A．opposite B．similar C．different D．familiar
54．A．thrilling B．challenging C．overwhelming D．threatening
55．A．firm B．loud C．distinct D．sharp
56．A．track B．symbol C．sound D．sign
57．A．touched B．found C．explored D．got
58．A．broke B．struggled C．went D．ran
59．A．rescued B．transported C．suspended D．released
60．A．price B．bill C．check D．fine
【答案】
46．A 47．B 48．B 49．A 50．C 51．D 52．D 53．B 54．C 55．C 56．D 57．A 58．B 59．D 60．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了迈克尔·索雷尔不顾个人安危，冒险冲进邻居家着火的房子，救出了邻居孙女的故事。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他立即去调查，看到一个老妇人在哭。A. investigate调查；B. witness目击；C. appreciate感激；D. instruct指导。根据上文“Michael Surrell and his wife had just parked the car when they got a call from their daughter: “The house next door is on fire!”(迈克尔·索雷尔和他的妻子刚把车停好，就接到女儿的电话:“隔壁的房子着火了!”)”可知，上文提到隔壁房子着火，所以他前去查看情况，故选A。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“那个孩子”是8岁的蒂亚拉·罗伯茨，她是这名女子的孙女。A. niece侄女；B. granddaughter孙女；C. cousin表亲；D. daughter女儿。根据后文“her grandma shouted back.”可知，孩子是孙女，故选B。
48．考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然已经呼叫了消防部门，索雷尔还是立即冲进了着火的房子。A. consciously故意地；B. immediately立即；C. casually随意地；D. calmly平静地。根据后文“caused him to stumble blindly around”可知，索雷尔还是立即冲进了着火的房子。故选B。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：浓烟使他盲目地跌跌撞撞，无法呼吸。A. smoke烟雾；B. mist水雾；C. dust灰尘；D. smog雾霾。根据后文“stumble blindly”以及上文提到发生了火灾，所以产生了浓烟。故选A。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：浓烟使他盲目地跌跌撞撞，无法呼吸。A. escape逃走；B. distinguish区别；C. breathe呼吸；D. see看见。根据后文“Taking a deep breath, Surrell went in a second time.(索雷尔深吸一口气，第二次走了进去)”可知，浓烟让他无法呼吸。故选C。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在烟雾弥漫的房子里呆了几分钟后，他走到外面喘口气。A. hold拿着；B. save挽救；C. waste浪费；D. catch抓住。根据后文“Taking a deep breath, Surrell went in a second time.(索雷尔深吸一口气，第二次走了进去)”可知，在烟雾弥漫的房子里呆了几分钟后，他走到外面喘口气，短语catch one’s breath表示“喘口气”。故选D。
52．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“Tiara在哪儿？”他急切地问。A. randomly随机地；B. cautiously谨慎地；C. nervously紧张地；D. desperately急切地，绝望地。根据上文“Where is Tiara ”可知，要救出孙女，因此很急切地询问位置。故选D。
53．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为房子的布局和他的（房子）相似，他很容易就找到了楼梯，上了二楼。A. opposite相反的；B. similar相似的；C. different不同的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据后文“he found the stairs easily”可知，很轻松找到楼梯是因为房子布局和自己的房子相似。故选B。
54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但黑暗是压倒性的。A. thrilling令人兴奋的；B. challenging挑战性的；C. overwhelming压倒性的；D. threatening威胁性的。根据后文“All he could feel was the crackling and popping of burning wood.(他所能感觉到的只有木柴燃烧的噼啪声和爆裂声)”可知，房子里的黑暗是压倒性的，即看不见东西。故选C。
55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：接着传来一声轻柔而清晰的呻吟。A. firm坚固的；B. loud大声的；C. distinct清楚的；D. sharp尖锐的。根据后文“He crawled toward the sound”他凭借声音找到了人的位置，说明呻吟很清晰。故选C。
56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他爬向有声音的地方，寻找着小女孩的踪迹。A. track轨道；B. symbol象征；C. sound声音；D. sign迹象。根据上文“He crawled toward the sound, feeling around for any”可知，他爬向有声音的地方，寻找着小女孩的踪迹。故选D。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，他摸到了什么东西。A. touched触碰；B. found找到；C. explored探索；D. got得到。根据后文something以及“He scooped Tiara into his arms”可知，他最后触碰到了蒂亚拉，救了她。故选A。
58．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把蒂亚拉抱在怀里，挣扎着穿过烟雾。A. broke打破；B. struggled努力；C. went去；D. ran奔跑。根据后文“through the smoke”可知，发生火灾，他把蒂亚拉抱在怀里，挣扎着穿过烟雾。故选B。
59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，索雷尔设法帮助了蒂亚拉，几天后她就出院了。A. rescued救援；B. transported运输；C. suspended暂停；D. released出院。根据后文“from the hospital after a few days”可知，女孩几天后出院了。故选D。
60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这是一个很小的代价，”他说。A. price价格，代价；B. bill账单；C. check检查；D. fine罚款。根据上文“However, The fire worsened Surrell’s pulmonary condition, which he suffered before, and he feels the effects even two years later.(然而，大火加剧了索雷尔的肺部疾病，他之前就患有这种疾病，甚至在两年后他还能感受到这种影响)”以及后文pay，可知他认为为此付出了很小的代价。故选A。
（五）
（2024·湖南衡阳·模拟预测）Royce is 98. His wife, Frankie is 97. The couple have been married for 77 years. Thanks to some special people who helped them 61 their anniversary, they finally got some very special wedding memories that they 62 many years before.
The couple have been like 63 to the staff of the St.Croix Hospice who serve as caretakers for the elderly pair. Knowing something about the couple’s history, they came up with a 64 plan.
In 1944, Royce was in the U.S. Air Force and got the final 65 to set off for a mission. Before he left, he and his sweetheart, Frankie, determined to get married. The church ceremony was small and 66 . There was no photographer on hand to record the 67 . Two days later, Royce went to take up his duty.
In the past time, their life together has more than made up for what their wedding 68 . They have spent a lifetime spreading 69 throughout their community. Therefore, the St.Croix staff pulled out all the stops to 70 the ceremony. That day, Frankie, wearing a lovely wedding dress, was 71 through a flower-covered archway (拱门) to where Royce was waiting for her. There wasn’t a 72 eye in the house.
For anyone who doesn’t believe true love can 73 a lifetime, the couple’s daughter, Sue Bilodeau, says they only have to look to the 74 of her parents to be proved wrong. And if that doesn’t 75 them, the pictures are worth a thousand words.
61．A．announce B．celebrate C．advertise D．remember
62．A．thought about B．gave up on C．missed out on D．brought back
63．A．patients B．customers C．audience D．family
64．A．flexible B．cautious C．perfect D．hurried
65．A．order B．test C．signal D．chance
66．A．detailed B．formal C．simple D．regular
67．A．moment B．message C．image D．performance
68．A．owned B．contained C．valued D．lacked
69．A．rewards B．kindness C．information D．stories
70．A．prepare B．remember C．hide D．watch
71．A．pushed B．surrounded C．led D．followed
72．A．bright B．red C．clear D．dry
73．A．waste B．last C．escape D．store
74．A．standard B．goal C．question D．example
75．A．encourage B．persuade C．educate D．stop
【答案】
61．B 62．C 63．D 64．C 65．A 66．C 67．A 68．D 69．B 70．A 71．C 72．D 73．B 74．D 75．B
【导语】这篇文章的体裁是记叙文。文章讲述了一对老年夫妇因为外界的帮助而重温婚礼的美好时刻的故事。
61．考查动词词义辨析。句意：多亏了一些特别的人帮助他们庆祝他们的结婚纪念日，他们终于有了一些非常特别的婚礼回忆，这是他们多年前就错过的。A. announce宣布；B. celebrate庆祝；C. advertise做广告；D. remember记得。根据后文“their anniversary, they finally got some very special wedding memories that they 2 many years before.”可知，这些人是在帮助他们庆祝结婚纪念日。故选B。
62．考查动词短语辨析。句意：多亏了一些特别的人帮助他们庆祝他们的结婚纪念日，他们终于有了一些非常特别的婚礼回忆，这是他们多年前就错过的。A. thought about考虑；B. gave up on放弃；C. missed out on错过；D. brought back带回。根据前文“Thanks to some special people who helped them 1 their anniversary, they finally got some very special wedding memories that they”和下文“ There was no photographer on hand to record”可知，他们多年前的婚礼并没有留下什么特别的回忆，因此这次庆祝让他们有了之前错过的婚礼回忆。故选C。
63．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇一直是圣克罗伊疗养院工作人员的家人，他们担任这对老年夫妇的护理人员。A. patients病人；B. customers顾客；C. audience观众；D. family家人。根据后文“to the staff of the St.Croix Hospice who serve as caretakers for the elderly pair”可知，这对夫妇与疗养院的工作人员关系亲密，就像家人一样。故选D。
64．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：了解这对夫妇的历史后，他们想出了一个完美的计划。A. flexible灵活的；B. cautious谨慎的；C. perfect完美的；D. hurried匆忙的。根据前文“Thanks to some special people who helped them 1 their anniversary, they finally got some very special wedding memories”和“Knowing something about the couple’s history, they came up with a”可知，工作人员为了庆祝这对夫妇的结婚纪念日，制定了一个完美的计划，让二人留下一些非常特别的婚礼回忆。故选C。
65．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1944年，罗伊斯在美国空军服役，并接到了执行任务的最后命令。A. order命令；B. test测试；C. signal信号；D. chance机会。根据后文“to set off for a mission”可知，罗伊斯接到了执行任务的命令。故选A。
66．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：教堂仪式小而简单。A. detailed详细的；B. formal正式的；C. simple简单的；D. regular定期的。根据前文“In 1944, Royce was in the U.S. Air Force and got the final 5 to set off for a mission.”和“The church ceremony was small and”、后文“There was no photographer on hand to record the”可知，当时处于战争阶段，而且罗伊斯就要出发，所以教堂仪式小而且简单，甚至当时没有摄影师在场记录这一刻。故选C。
67．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时没有摄影师在场记录这一刻。A. moment时刻；B. message信息；C. image图像；D. performance表演。根据前文“There was no photographer on hand to record the”可知，没有摄影师记录的是他们结婚的那一刻。故选A。
68．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的时间里，他们共同的生活已经远远弥补了他们的婚礼所缺乏的东西。A. owned拥有；B. contained包含；C. valued重视；D. lacked缺乏。根据前文“they finally got some very special wedding memories that they 2 many years before”和“The church ceremony was small and . There was no photographer on hand to record the 7 .”可知，他们的婚礼并不完美，缺乏一些重要的东西，但他们的共同生活已经弥补了这些不足。故选D。
69．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们一生都在向社区传播善意。A. rewards奖励；B. kindness善意；C. information信息；D. stories故事。根据前文“They have spent a lifetime spreading”和后文“Therefore, the St.Croix staff pulled out all the stops to the ceremony. ”可知，这对夫妇一直在向社区传播善意，所以人们才想努力准备他们的仪式。故选B。
70．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，圣克罗伊疗养院的工作人员全力以赴准备仪式。A. prepare准备；B. remember记得；C. hide隐藏；D. watch观看。根据前文“They have spent a lifetime spreading throughout their community. Therefore, the St.Croix staff pulled out all the stops”和后文“the ceremony”可知，二人很善良，所以工作人员得知他们之间的故事后，全力以赴为他们准备结婚纪念日的庆祝仪式。故选A。
71．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天，弗兰基穿着一件可爱的婚纱，被领过一座鲜花覆盖的拱门，来到罗伊斯等她的地方。A. pushed推；B. surrounded包围；C. led带领；D. followed跟随。根据后文“through a flower-covered archway (拱门) to where Royce was waiting for her.”以及她的97岁的高龄可知，弗兰基是被领过拱门的。故选C。
72．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有一个人不流泪。A. bright明亮的；B. red红色的；C. clear清晰的；D. dry干的，无泪的。根据前文的“There wasn’t a”和空后的“eye”可知，这是一个感人的场景，没有一个人不流泪。故选D。
73．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于那些不相信真爱可以持续一生的人，这对夫妇的女儿苏·比洛多说，他们只需要看看她父母的例子就可以证明他们是错的。A. waste浪费；B. last持续；C. escape逃跑；D. store储存。根据前文“For anyone who doesn’t believe true love can”可知，父母相爱了70年，是驳斥对于那些不相信真爱可以持续一生的人的最好的例子。故选B。
74．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. standard标准；B. goal目标；C. question问题；D. example例子。根据后文“of her parents to be proved wrong”可知，女儿是在用她父母的例子来证明真爱能持续一生。故选D。
75．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果这还不能说服他们，那么这些照片就值千言万语。A. encourage鼓励；B. persuade说服；C. educate教育；D. stop停止。根据前文“For anyone who doesn’t believe true love can a lifetime, the couple’s daughter, Sue Bilodeau, says they only have to look to the 14 of her parents to be proved wrong. And if that doesn’t”和后文“the pictures are worth a thousand words”可知，如果看到这对夫妇不能说服这些不相信真爱能持续一生的人，这些照片是用来说服他们的。故选B。
高考真题
（一）
（2024·全国·高考真题）When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didn't think too long. I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to 1 , Italy was the clear winner.
During my first visit to Italy, I 2 to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to 3 a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and 4 my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language 5 . After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how 6 Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 7 me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. It's these small 8 of kindness that make a new country feel like home.
As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my 9 quite like Italy. Each town has its own traditional 10 , and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families 11 for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can 12 . These meals are always 13 by laughter and joy. Whatever 14 life in Italy might have, the problems are 15 once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.
1．A．study B．rent C．visit D．settle
2．A．planned B．struggled C．refused D．happened
3．A．string B．hang C．mix D．match
4．A．improved B．assessed C．admired D．praised
5．A．course B．barrier C．area D．test
6．A．open-minded B．strong-willed C．warm-hearted D．well-informed
7．A．remind B．allow C．persuade D．order
8．A．tricks B．promises C．acts D．duties
9．A．ambition B．success C．appetite D．growth
10．A．costume B．dish C．symbol D．tale
11．A．gather B．cheer C．leave D．wait
12．A．put up with B．stand up for C．come up with D．make up for
13．A．signaled B．confirmed C．represented D．accompanied
14．A．disadvantages B．meanings C．surprises D．opportunities
15．A．created B．forgotten C．understood D．identified
【答案】
1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．C 9．C 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者十年前选择在意大利定居的原因以及意大利的风土人情。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢在法国旅行，但当谈到选择我最喜欢的定居地点时，意大利显然是赢家。A. study学习；B. rent出租；C. visit游览；D. settle定居。根据下文“After I made Italy my permanent home”以及“make a new country feel like home”可推知，此处指作者最喜欢的定居地点。故选D。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我第一次访问意大利时，我很难问路或在餐馆点餐。A. planned计划；B. struggled斗争、吃力地进行；C. refused拒绝；D. happened出现、发生。根据上文“During my first visit to Italy”可推知，此处指作者第一次到意大利，语言不通，很难沟通交流。故选B。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. string串起、连成一串；B. hang悬挂；C. mix混合；D. match配对。根据下文“a sentence of Italian together”可推知，此处指作者努力想用意大利语串成一句话。故选A。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. improved改进；B. assessed评估；C. admired钦佩；D. praised赞扬。根据上文“the locals smiled at me”以及下文“That encouragement”可推知，此处指作者尝试说意大利语，当地人赞扬作者的语言能力。故选D。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种鼓励帮助我克服了语言障碍。A.course课程；B. barrier障碍；C. area区域；D. test测试。根据上文“the locals smiled at me and praised my language skills. That encouragement helped me”可推知，此处指当地人对作者的鼓励帮助他克服了语言障碍。故选B。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我把意大利作为永久的家后，我发现了意大利人是多么的热情。A. open-minded思想开明的；B. strong-willed思想坚定的；C. warm-hearted热心的；D. well-informed见多识广的。根据下文邻居的热心行为“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door”和“close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指邻居是热情的。故选C。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：邻居们会给我带来新鲜的奶酪，还会在下雨的时候来我家门前提醒我关上车窗。A. remind提醒；B. allow允许；C. persuade说服；D. order命令。根据上文“I discovered how warm-hearted Italians are”以及下文“will come to my door”可推知，此处指热心的邻居在下雨的时候来作者家门前提醒他关上车窗。故选A。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是这些小小的善举让一个新国家有家的感觉。A. tricks技巧；B. promises承诺；C. acts行为；D. duties职责。根据上文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指邻居们的善举。故选C。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个美食家，通往我内心的路是通过我的胃，没有什么地方能像意大利那样刺激我的食欲。A. ambition雄心；B. success成功；C. appetite食欲；D. growth发育。根据上文“As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach”可推知，此处指作者是一个美食家，所以应该是刺激食欲。故选C。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个城镇都有自己的传统菜肴，每个家庭都保存着代代相传的食谱。A. costume服装；B. dish菜肴；C. symbol符号；D. tale故事。根据上文“fuels my appetite”以及下文“every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another”可推知，此处指意大利各地都有传统菜肴。故选B。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一家人在星期天、生日以及他们能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. gather集合；B. cheer欢呼；C. leave留下；D. wait等待。根据上文“Families”以及下文“with friends and family”可推知，此处指一家人聚集在一起吃饭。故选A。
12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：一家人在星期天、生日以及他们能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. put up with忍受；B. stand up for支持；C. come up with想出；D. make up for弥补。根据上文“whatever other excuses they can”可推知，此处指家人们为了聚在一起吃饭而想出的理由。故选C。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些饭菜总是伴随着笑声和喜悦。A. signaled示意；B. confirmed确认；C. represented代表；D. accompanied伴随。根据下文“by laughter and joy”可推知，此处指家人们在一起用餐时伴随着欢声笑语。固定搭配“accompany by”译为“伴随”。故选D。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下来吃顿大餐，这些问题就会被遗忘。A. disadvantages缺点；B. meanings含义；C. surprises惊喜；D. opportunities机会。根据上文“Whatever”以及下文“the problems”可推知，此处指在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处。故选A。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下来吃顿大餐，这些问题就会被遗忘。A. created创建；B. forgotten忘记；C. understood理解；D. identified确认。根据上文“Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems”以及下文“once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family”可推知，此处指无论在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处，跟家人们吃一顿饭就会忘记不愉快。故选B。
（二）
（2024·广东江苏·高考真题）I’ve been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 1 a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running 2 , but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was 3 for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles. To be honest, I 4 it! Between the girl making my 5 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 6 I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
So I 7 cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I 8 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I 9 her bike and went for a ride. The 10 : the roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such 11 . That day, I got 12 by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as 13 .
I’ve 14 a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever 15 I set for myself, they just have to be my own.
1．A．knew B．held C．won D．quit
2．A．regularly B．silently C．proudly D．recently
3．A．asking B．looking C．waiting D．training
4．A．made B．believed C．hated D．Deserved
5．A．advantage B．achievement C．contribution D．influence
6．A．way B．risk C．place D．reason
7．A．gave up B．went on C．turned to D．dealt with
8．A．heard B．dreamed C．complained D．approved
9．A．painted B．borrowed C．bought D．parked
10．A．problem B．secret C．principle D．advice
11．A．dangers B．events C．opponents D．challenges
12．A．passed B．convinced C．admired D．stopped
13．A．reliable B．convenient C．familiar D．appealing
14．A．traveled B．matured C．missed D．worried
15．A．limits B．dates C．goals D．tests
【答案】
1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．B 10．A 11．D 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。它详细叙述了作者在不同阶段对不同运动（跑步和骑自行车）的兴趣和经历，并通过这些经历反映了作者的成长和心理变化。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我十几岁的时候，一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。A. knew知道；B. held抓住；C. won赢得；D. quit退出。根据后文“Feeling motivated”可知，作者有了动力，所以此处应是一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。故选C项。
2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有了动力，我开始定期跑步，但后来发生了两件事。A. regularly有规律地；B. silently默默地；C. proudly自豪地；D. recently最近。根据前文“Feeling motivated” 可知，作者有了动力，所以应是定期跑步，符合语境。故选A项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，有一天我遇到的一个女孩告诉我，她正在为“超级”马拉松训练，指的是52.4英里的双马拉松。A. asking要求；B. looking看；C. waiting等待；D. training训练。根据后文“referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon”可知，女孩要跑双马拉松，所以此处应是为之训练，符合语境。故选D项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：说实话，我讨厌它!A. made制作；B. believed相信；C. hated讨厌；D. deserved值得。根据前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文“Between the girl making my seem small and the pure boredom of jogging”可知，作者最长跑了15 miles和女孩一比微不足道，所以是讨厌这个成绩。故选C项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个女孩面前，我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我! A. advantage优势；B. achievement成就；C. contribution贡献；D. influence影响。根据前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文“seem small”可知，作者最长跑了15 miles，而女孩在为52.4 miles做训练，所以应是作者的成就微不足道。故选B项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个女孩面前，我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我!A. way方式；B. risk风险；C. place地方；D. reason理由。根据后文“I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知，有一只大狗在追“我”，“我”才会再跑步，这里说的是跑步的原因。故选D项。
7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以我开始骑自行车。A. gave up放弃；B. went on继续；C. turned to转向；D. dealt with处理。根据前文“I decided that the only 6 I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知，作者决定放弃跑步，所以此处应是转向骑自行车。故选C项。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我梦想着参加自行车比赛，直到我飞到圣地亚哥去看我妹妹。A. heard听到；B. dreamed梦想；C. complained抱怨；D. approved批准。根据后文“of entering cycle races”结合选项可知，此处应是作者梦想着参加自行车比赛，符合语境。故选B项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天她上班的时候，我借了她的自行车去兜风。A. painted把……描绘成；B. borrowed借；C. bought买；D. parked停(车)。根据前文“I flew to San Diego to visit my sister”以及后文“went for a ride”可知，作者去看妹妹，所以要去骑行的话，应是向妹妹借自行车。故选B项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是：那里的道路穿过很大的山谷，我一次要骑上坡好几英里。A. problem问题；B. secret秘密；C. principle原则；D. advice建议。根据后文“I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such .”可知，作者要骑上坡好几英里，这对他来说，是一个问题。故选A项。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有遇到过这样的挑战。A. dangers危险；B. events事件；C. opponents对手；D. challenges挑战。根据前文“The : the roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知，作者要骑上坡好几英里，这对他来说是一个挑战。故选D项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：。那天，我被大约100个习惯了这种道路的“当地”骑自行车的人超过了。A. passed超过；B. convinced说服；C. admired欣赏；D. stopped阻止。根据前文“I’d never faced such 11 .”可知，作者骑上坡好几英里是个挑战，所以是被很多人超过。故选A项。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我回到家，突然骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了。A. reliable可信赖的；B. convenient方便的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. appealing吸引人的。根据前文“That day, I got by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads.”可知，作者那天骑行被100多人超过，所以此时是觉得骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了。故选D项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那以后我成熟了很多。A. traveled旅行；B. matured (情感和认识)成熟；C. missed思念；D. worried担心。根据后文“I’ve come to accept that whatever I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知，作者不再轻易放弃，所以是成熟了很多。故选B项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我已经开始接受这样一个事实：无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的。A. limits限制；B. dates日期；C. goals目标；D. tests测试。根据后文“I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知，此处应是“无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的目标”，符合语境。故选C项。
（三）
（2024·浙江·高考真题）While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful 1 with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man 2 me on the train. My 3 friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the 4 to practice my Chinese.
Over several hours, he would tell me about how he had 5 a two-year professional school to quickly find a job 6 highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps the most 7 , however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye, he would 8 a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American 9 as a whole. ”And what do you all learn about Russian authors ” I 10 him asking at one point.
It would have been easy to 11 my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, 12
