英语周报15-16下课标人教新课标高一必修3Unit 1 Festivals around the world（课件+教案+ 练习+素材）（14份打包）

Unit 1 Festivals around the world
Ｉ． 单元教学目标
技能目标Goals
▲ Talk about festivals and celebrations
▲ Talk about the ways to express request and thanks
▲ Learn to use Modal verbs
▲ Write a similar story with a different ending
II． 目标语言
功
能
句
式
Talk about festivals:
*Festivals are meant to celebrate important events.
*What’s your favorite holiday of the year?
*What festivals or celebrations do you enjoy in your city or town?
*Do you like spending festivals with your family or with your friends?
*What part of a festival do you like best——the music, the things to see, the visit or the food?
*Festivals and celebrations of all kinds are held everywhere.
*They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty.
*Some festivals are held to honor the dead or satisfy and please the ancestors.
*Festivals can be held as an honor to famous people or the gods.
*The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.
*Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our daily life for a little while.
Request:
Could/Would you please...?
Could I have...?
Could we look at...?
I look forward to....
May I see...?
Thanks
It’s very kind of you ...
Thank you very much/Thanks a lot.
I’d love to.
It was a pleasure...
Don’t mention it.
You are most welcome.
词 汇
1. 四会词汇
Beauty harvest celebration starve origin religious ancestor Mexico feast bone belief trick poet arrival gain independence gather agriculture award rooster admire energetic Easter clothing Christian custom worldwide fool permission parking apologize drown sadness obvious wipe weep remind forgive
2. 认读词汇
Obon, incense, skull, Halloween, carnival, lunar, parade, Jesus, Trinidad, Valentine, weave, herd, the Milky Way, magpie
3. 固定词组
take place, in memory of, dress up, play a trick, look forward to, day and night, as though, have fun with, turn up, keep one’s word, hold one’s breath, set off , remind…of
4. 重点词汇
starve, satisfy, lead, gather, admire, apologize, drown, wipe, weep, forgive
语
法
Modal verbs: may/ might, can/ could, will/ would, shall/should, must/ can
▲ They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty. P1
▲ Some festivals are held to honor the dead, or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm. P2
▲ Festivals can be held as an honor to famous people or the gods.
III. 教材分析与教材重组
1. 教材分析
本单元以节日为话题，介绍古今中外节日的种类、由来、意义以及人们的活动和习俗，旨在通过本单元的学习使学生不但了解我国的节日，而且对外国的节日也有所了解，进而拓展社会文化背景、增加跨国文化知识；使学生复习和巩固运用请求和感谢的表达法，掌握情态动词的用法；并尝试根据阅读的文章写一个不同的结局，能表达自己的观点和想法。
1.1 Warming Up 旨在通过表格引导学生讨论并列举出五个我国节日的日期、庆祝内容和民俗。可以刚刚过去的春节为话题导入对节日的讨论；使他们由自己的经历谈起，扩展到别的节日以及外国的重要节日，激发学生的兴趣，激活他们关于节日的背景知识，为本单元的学习做准备。
1.2 Pre-reading是Reading 的热身活动。主要通过两个问题引导学生思考并讨论自己最喜欢的节日及欢度方式，进而了解学生对节日的认识，以便为阅读作好铺垫。
1.3 Reading 的五篇小短文分别介绍古代节日、亡灵节、纪念名人的节日、丰收节、春天的节日等，使学生了解各种节日的由来及其存在的意义。此部分载有Festivals的重要信息，还呈现了大量的词汇和主要的语法---情态动词的用法。处理时应作为重点、整体处理，通过上下文来教词汇、语法，并引导学生分析长句、难句和复杂句。
1.4 Comprehending是考察对阅读内容的进一步理解。
练习一：六个问题让学生对文章内容有浅层理解并考察课文细节，但又不能仅仅拘泥于课文，要引导学生理解课文内容的基础上联系现实生活。
练习二：要求学生讨论哪些节日是最重要的，哪些是最有趣的，以表格的形式检查学生对所读节日的理解，并训练他们举一反三的归纳和推理能力。
练习三：要求学生找出各种节日共有的三件事，然后讨论为什么这些事对各地的人们都很重要。这就要求学生不仅要温习文章内容而且要结合实际，阐述自己的想法，挖掘学生的思维能力和语言表达能力。
1.5 Learning about Language 分词汇和语法两部分。其中Discovering useful words and expressions是本单元单词的英文释义练习和用文章中的词汇的适当形式填空；Discovering useful structures 是以文章内容为载体在语境中练习语法，掌握情态动词。由此可以看出本教材已明显地由结构为特征的传统语法训练转变到以交际功能为特征的功能语法训练，充分体现了新教材话题、功能、结构相结合的特点。
1.6 Using Language 是英语听说读写的全面运用的练习。
1.6 ① Listening 是课文的延伸，通过听几位学生参加Trinidad Carnival 节日游行的两段对话，使学生体会参加节日游行的真实情景，既训练听力一通过问题训练了他们的分析能力。
1.6 ② Speaking 分为两部分。第一部分通过电话突出交际用语功能的训练；第一部分让学生编对话，可以按自己的想象、经历为内容，训练思维和表达能力。
1.6 ③ Reading 是发生在情人节的一个令人伤心的爱情故事，其中又插入了一个“七巧节”的故事。阅读后的讨论不仅帮助学生理解文章主旨大意，更重要的是让学生学会寻求解决问题的方法。
1.6 ④ Writing 的任务是写一个与文章结尾不同的结局。旨在让学生通过思考写出自己的想法，尝试自己解决问题。
总之，通过本单元的系统学习，让学生了解世界各国的节日及民俗，学习有关节日的词汇，并能够丰富语言知识，提升用英语表达观点的能力。
2. 教材重组
2.1 口语 从话题内容和功能上分析Warming Up与Workbook中的Listening和Talking相一致，旨在启发学生讨论、思考并引出本单元关于节日的话题，可以整和成一节任务型“口语课”。
2.2精读 可将Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehending三个活动整和成一节“阅读课”。
2.3语言学习 将Learning about Language与Workbook中的Using words && expressions Using structures结合在一起，上一节“语言学习课”。
2.4听力 可将Using language中的 Listening与Workbook中 Listening和Listening task放在同一节课中处理，上一堂 "听力课"。（Using language中的 Speaking可视听力时间而定，可课上处理亦可留做课下作业下堂课提问。）
2.5. 泛读 可将Using Language中的Reading &&Writing和Workbook中的Reading Task上成一节 "泛读课"。
2.6 复习、写作 可将Workbook中的Speaking Task 和Writing Task 上成一节复习写作课。（Workbook中的Project && checking yourself, 可视学生水平安排在本堂课或留做作业。）
3. 课型设计与课时分配 (经分析教材, 本单元可以用六课时教完。)
1st period Speaking
2nd period Reading
3rd period Learning about Language
4th period Listening
5th period Extensive Reading
6th period Writing && Consolidation
IV. 分课时教案
Speaking
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
take place, lunar, festivals, Army Day, Christmas, dress up
b. 交际用语
Express one’s opinion:
In my opinion, ...
I believe ...
I think that ...
Expressions used in the shops:
Would you like...? Could I have...?
Might I offer help...? May I see...?
You should try...? Could we look at...?
Can you suggest...? We might take...?
2. 能力目标
Enable the students to talk about Chinese festivals and customs in English and get to know some information about foreign festivals.
3. 学能目标
Enable the students to learn how to talk about Chinese festivals and customs.
Teaching important points 教学重点及难点
How to talk about the Chinese festivals and social customs at festivals and how to offer and request the items you need in shops.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Elicitation, discussion, listening, pair work.
Teaching aid 教具准备
A computer, a projector and a tape recorder
Teaching procedures && ways 教学过程与方法
Step I Warming up
T: Hello, everybody! Welcome back to school! Did you have a good time in your winter holidays?
Ss: Yes. Of course!
T: When did you feel most happy and excited?
Ss: At the Spring Festival.
T: Who can tell us why? Volunteers!
S1: Because it’s the most important festival in our country.
S2: Because I got much lucky money from my parents, grandparents and my relatives.
S3: Because I needn’t study at festivals and there was lots of delicious food to eat. How great!
S4: Because I met my cousins and old friends who I hadn’t seen for a long time and we had a very good time together.
T: Excellent work! I am glad to hear that. Now let’s talk about FESTIVALS, which are meant to celebrate important events. Please think about other Chinese festivals.
S1: New Year (January 1st), Yuan Xiao Festival (15 days after the Spring Festival).
T: Quite right. That’s the Lantern Festival. It’s the 15th day of the first lunar month. What do you usually do on the Lantern Festival?
S2: We eat special sweet dumplings called Yuan Xiao and enjoy displayed lanterns.
S3: And we enjoy beautiful fireworks, too.
T: You have done a good job. What are the other festivals?
S4: International Women’s Day. It was on March 8.
S5: Arbor Day on March 12th.
S6: International Labor Day and Chinese Youth Day.
S7: International Children’s Day.
T: Yes. Very good. Next one?
S8: Army Day is on August 1st and Teachers’ Day is on September 10th.
S9: National Day on October 1st.
T: Excellent work! Those are all the legal holidays in our country. Do you know our traditional festivals? List some of them, please.
Sa: The most important one is the Spring Festival.
T: Yes. It’s also called Lunar New Year. Anything else?
Sb: Qingming Festival in memory of the dead or the heroes on April the fifth.
T: It’s called Tomb Sweeping Festival. Another one?
Sc: Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month in memory of the great poet — Qu Yuan.
Sd: Mid-Autumn Festival on the fifth day of the eighth lunar month.
T: You’ve done a good job, boys and girls! You have named many festivals. I’m proud of you for you are so well-informed.
Step II Warming up
T: Look at the screen and I’ll show you a table and some pictures:
Festivals
Date
Festivals
Date
New Year
January 1st
Teachers’ Day
September 10th
International
Women’s Day
March 8
National Day
October 1st
Arbor Day
March 12th
the Spring
Festival
Lunar New Year
International Labor Day
May 1st
Pure Brightness Day
April the fifth
Chinese Youth Day
May 4th.
Dragon Boat Festival
the fifth day of the fifth lunar month
International Children’s
Day
June 1st
Mid-Autumn
Festival
the 5th day of the 8th lunar month
Army Day
August 1st
Lantern
Festival
the 15 day of the 1st lunar month
Talking
Use the following sentences:
When does the Spring Festival usually take place?
What do you do to celebrate it?
What special food do you eat?
What is the origin of the Spring Festival?
Why is the Spring Festival such a big holiday in China?
Li Mei and Carla are talking on the phone. Carla is asking some more questions about Spring Festival.
A: Li Mei, when does the Spring Festival usually take place?
B: Well, the date is a little different every year, but it usually happens at the end of January or the beginning of February.
A: What do you usually do to celebrate it?
B: My whole family gets together- my grandparents, all my aunts and uncles, and all my cousins. We usually talk about what we’ve done in the past year. Then we cook a lot of food.
A: What special food do you eat?
B: We almost always make and eat dumplings. That’s the most traditional Spring Festival food.
A: What is the origin of Spring Festival?
B: Well, there are several old stories about Spring Festival. In old Chinese stories, there was a monster named Nian who would come into towns at the end of the year and frighten people. Sometimes he would eat them.
At some point, people discovered that the monster Nian was frightened of loud noises and the colour red. They began to put red paper on their doors and set off firecrackers. It became the tradition to do this every year to frighten the monster away from the town.
A: Wow! That’s an amazing story! Why is
Spring Festival such an important holiday in China?
B: I guess it’s like Christmas in Western countries. It’s the most important family holiday all year.
Homework
Collect as much information about festivals as possible. Think about the questions in Part 2 “pre-reading” and then preview the next part about reading to get the main idea.
Step III Listening
T: Now, we will come to the listening part. First, turn to Page 41. And then listen to the tape. Look at the first picture in this page. What can you see?
S5: A rabbit and a chicken.
T: Yes. But the rabbit is called the Easter Bunny. Read after me "the Easter Bunny". It is an imaginary rabbit that children believe comes to the home to hide the Easter eggs (复活节彩蛋). And the second picture is about the Easter eggs. What’s in the third picture?
S6: Some bread.
T: Yes. The bread with an X is called hot cross buns. On Easter Day people eat it. Now listen to the tape and try to get the main idea.
Play the tape for the students. While listening, the students should grasp the key words and get the main idea. Then play the tape once more. After listening, let the students answer the questions. And check the answers with the whole class. Then sum up the useful expressions in the material (about Easter Day). Then play the tape a third time for them to write down the main idea of the passage. Then check the answers with the whole class.
Reading
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
Beauty harvest celebration starve origin religious ancestor Mexico feast bone belief trick poet arrival gain independence gather agriculture award rooster admire energetic Easter clothing Christian custom worldwide
b. 重点句子
They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty.
They might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colorful clothing of all kinds.
Some festivals are held to honor the dead, or satisfy and please the ancestor, who could return either to help or to do harm.
On this important feast day, people might eat food in the shape of skulls, and cakes with "bones" on them.
Another is Columbus Day in the USA, in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in America.
2. Ability goals能力目标
To enable the students to know the earliest festivals with reasons for them and four different kinds of festivals that occur in most parts of the world.
Enable the students to master some English expressions and phrases about festivals.
3. Learning ability goals学能目标
Teach the basic reading skills: skimming and scanning.
Try to compare and make conclusions of different festivals.
Teaching important points 教学重点
Talk about all kinds of festivals.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Fast reading, task-based method & discussion
Teaching aids 教具准备
A computer, a projector, and a tape recorder
Teaching procedures 教学过程
Step I Revision
1. Greetings.
2. Review the new words of this part.
3. Check the students’ homework---festivals.
Do you know these festivals?
When do they take place? lunar calendar
Show the pictures on the screen.
Pre-reading
1. What festivals or celebrations do you have in your city or town? What part of a festival do you like best- the activities, the music, the sights, the food or the people who visit?
2. Prediction
Look at the pictures and title of the passage below. What kind of information you think will be introduced in the passage.
Learn the new words in the text:
starve: 饥饿
origin: 起源
ancestor: 祖先
Obon: 盂兰盆节(日本)
grave: 坟墓；墓地
incense: 熏香
in memory of: 纪念
feast: 节日；盛宴
skull: 头骨
dress up: 打扮；盛装
play a trick on: 搞恶作剧
award: 奖品
rooster: 公鸡
energetic: 充满活力的
carnival: 狂欢节
parade: 游行
Scanning
How many types of festivals are mentioned in the passage?
1. Ancient festivals
2. Festivals of the Dead
3. Festivals to Honor the People
4. Harvest Festivals
5. Spring Festivals
Skimming
What festivals are mentioned in each paragraph?
P1.
Celebrate the end of the cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn; celebrate when hunters catch animals.
P 2. Festivals of the Dead
Japan -----Obon
Mexico------Day of the Dead
America------Halloween
P 3. Festivals to Honour People
Dragon Boat Festival
Columbus Day
(India) October 2
P 4. Harvest Festivals
Harvest and Thanksgiving Festival
Mid-Autumn festival
P 5.
Spring festival
Carnival
Easter
Cheery Blossom Festival
长句难句：
（supplementary reference materials）
一、补充注释
1. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find，especially during the clod winter months .在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们就会挨饿。
starve (v.)
1) to cause a person or an animal to suffer severely or die from hunger 挨饿；饿死
Millions of people starved to death during the war.战争中数百万人挨饿至死。
starve for sth. ; starve sb. of sth.: ( cause sb. to) suffer or long for sth. greatly needed or wanted (使某人）得不到某事物而受苦或渴望获得某事物；缺乏
The homeless children were starved for love.这些无家可归的孩子渴望得到爱。
3）to feel very hungry 感觉很饿。仅用于进行时态
When will dinner be ready? I’m starving.晚饭什么时候做好？我快饿死了。
starvation (n.) :(U) suffering or death caused by lack of food 挨饿；饿死 die of starvation 饿死 starvation wages 不够维持基本生活的工资
2. …or satisfy the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm.
……或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮助，也可能带来危害。
harm (n.): damage, injury 损害； 伤害
do harm to sb. (习俗) = harm sb. 伤害某人
come to harm: be injured physically , mentally or morally 身体上﹑精神上或道义上受到损害，通常用于否定式
I’ll go with her to make sure she comes to no harm. 我要和她一同去以免她受到伤害。
do more harm than good: have an effect which is more damaging than helpful 弊大于利
If we solve the problem in this way, it may do more harm than good. 如果我们以这种方式处理问题，那可能是弊大于利。
harm (v.): cause harm to (sb. / sth.) 损害或伤害某人/某事物
This event didn’t harm his reputation. 这个事件没有损害他的名誉。
Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. 万圣节也源自人们古老的信念，认为亡者的灵魂会返回人间。
origin (n.) : the place or situation in which something begins to exist 起源；由来，可用做可数名词或不可数名词，通常用作复数形式
The tradition has its origins in the Middle Ages. 这个传统发源于中世纪。
He told me it was a word of unknown origin. 他告诉我这是个词源不详的词。
belief (n.): an idea that you believe to be true, especially one that forms part of a system of ideas 信任；信心；信仰。注意： belief 通常用作不可数名词，当作可数名词时，词义略不同于用作不可数名词时
religious beliefs 宗教信仰
Several members hold very strong political beliefs. 有些成员有着强烈的政治理念。
It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours’ homes to ask for sweets. 万圣节如今成了孩子们的节目，这天他们可以乔装打扮上邻居家要糖吃。
dress (v.): to put clothes on yourself or someone else 穿衣服。可作及物或不及物动词。
dress up 是动词词组, 意思使是 to wear special clothes for fun, or to put special clothes on someone
dress (n.)
1) [C] garment for a woman or girl , consisting of a bodice and skirt in one piece ; frock 连衣裙,(上下连身的)女装
She makes all the dresses for her daughter. 她女儿的连衣裙都是她做的。
2) [U] clothes, esp. outer garments, for either men or women 衣服（男女均可）
casual dress 便服
Comprehending
Use the information from the reading passage to answer the following question.
1. What are festivals of the dead usually for?
Festivals of the dead are for honoring or satisfying dead ancestors or others, who some people believe might return to help or harm living people.
2. What makes autumn festivals happy events?
Autumn festivals are happy events because people are thankful that food is ready for winter and the hard farm work is finished.
3. What do people usually do at spring festivals?
At spring festivals, people usually have dances, carnivals and other activities to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring.
4. What is one important reason to have festivals and celebrations?
It is important to have festivals and celebrations so we can enjoy life/ be proud of our customs/ forget our work for a little while.
5. Compare the festivals of the dead in Mexico, Japan and China. What things are similar? What things are different?
The Chinese, Japanese and Mexican festivals of the dead all have customs to honor the dead. The Chinese and Japanese go to clean their ancestors’ graves, and the Mexicans offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead.
However, there are some differences. The Mexicans eat special food that looks like bones, something the Chinese and Japanese do not do.
6. What is one important reason to have festivals and celebrations?
Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our daily life for a little while.
True or False
1. The ancient people needn’t worry about their food.
2. Halloween used to be a festival intended to honor the dead.
3. Qu Yuan was a great poet who people honor a lot in China.
4. Mid-autumn Festival is held to celebrate the end of autumn.
5. Easter celebrates the birth of Jesus.
Keys: F T T F F

Extensive reading
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
heart-broken, turn up, keep her word, fool, hold one’s breath, apologize, drown one’s sadness, in coffee, obvious, wipe, lovely, fell in love, couple, make a bridge of their wrings, weeping, set off for, remind somebody of something, forgive, warm up, the ice sculptures
b. 重点句子
She could be with her friends right now laughing at him.
It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for him to leave—he wiped the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV—just what Li Fang needed!
So he did.
If you come you must be prepared to keep moving, as it is too cold to stand and watch for long.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable the students to read the passage fast to get the main idea.
Enlarge their expressions and knowledge about the topic of this unit—festivals.
3. Learning ability goals学能目标
Learn to compare the festivals in China and in western countries and to know that people in different countries and in different times may celebrate similar festivals in different ways.
Teaching important points教学重点
Different festivals about a love story and then write a different ending for the story.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Fast-reading & Discussion.
Teaching aid 教具准备
A multiple-media computer, a tape-recorder and a blackboard.
Teaching procedures & ways教学步骤
A sad story
True or false
1. The girl Li Fang loved and waited for didn’t turn up. But he didn’t lose heart. F
The girl Li Fang loved and waited for didn’t turn up. So he lost heart, because he would drown his sadness in coffee.
2. Because her most lovely daughter got married to a human secretly, the Goddess got very angry. T
3. Zhinü was made to return to Heaven without her husband. They were allowed to meet once a year on the seventh day of the tenth lunar month. F
Zhinü was made to return to Heaven without her husband. They were allowed to meet once a year on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month.
Hu Jin had been waiting for Li Fang for a long time with a gift for him. T
Answer the questions
1. Why was the TV story what Li Fang needed?
The TV story was a sad story about lost love-- the same situation as Li Fang.
2. What was Li Fang afraid that Hu Jin was doing?
He was afraid that she was with her friends laughing at him.
3. How did Li Fang know the manager wanted to shut the coffee shop?
The manager wiped the tables and then sat down and turned on the TV.
4. Why do people want the weather to be fine on Qiqiaojie?
People want the weather to be fine so they can meet the one they love.
5. What is the reason why Li Fang and Hu Jin did not meet on time?
They did not meet on time because Li Fang waited in the coffee shop and Hu Jin waited in the tea shop.
6. Why was Li Fang so worried at the end of the story?
He was worried because he had thrown away the gifts for Hu Jin--the chocolates and roses so he had nothing to give her and he thought she would not forgive him.

Grammar
情态动词的语法特征
1. 情态动词?不能单独做谓语，除ought ?和have?外，后面只能接不带to?的不定式。
2. 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，但有些情态动词，如can、will也有一般式和过去式的变化。
3. 情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区别的主要标志，不少情况下，情态动词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。
1) can 和could：
1) can的主要用法是：
? A.?表示体力或脑力的能力：
e.g. The girl can dance very well.
B.?表示说话的推测﹑事物的可能性等:
e.g. Can the news be true?
C. 在口语中, can可以表示请求或允许:
e.g. Can I sit here?
2) could的主要用法是：
A. could 是can的过去式, 表示与过去 有关的能力和推测:
e.g. We all knew that the young man couldn’t be a doctor.
B. could可以代替can表示请求, 但语气较can客气、委婉:
e.g. Could you lend me your dictionary?
Could I use your bike?
3) can和could接动词的完成形式，表示可能已经做某事。can用在否定和疑问句中, 表示不相信、怀疑等态度。
e.g. They can't have gone out because the light is still on.
may 和might ：
may 常用来表示：
?A. 表示请求、允许; 比can较为正式:
?? e.g. May I come in?
You may go now.
B. 表示说话人的猜测: “也许” “可能”: 通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。
e.g. -- I believe the man is from England.
-- But I may be wrong.
The guest may arrive this afternoon.
在肯定句中，may 的可能性比can 高，may表示现实的可能性，can表示理论上的可能性。如：
The road may be blocked. 这条路可能不通了。
The road can be blocked. 这条路可能会是不通的。
在疑问句中，表示可能性用can。
如：Where can he be? 他会在哪呢？
C. 表示祝愿; 但语气较正式:
e.g. May you succeed!
May you have a good journey!
might 的用法有:
多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许。如:
She said that he might take her bike. 她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。
除了在间接引语中以外，might 一般不表示过去的可能或者许可。如要表示过去的可能可以用could, 表示过去的许可可以用was( were) allowed to 或者 had permission to 。
表示现在的可能，其可能性要比 may 小。如：
She might go home tomorrow. 说不定他明天会回家。
表示现在的许可, 语气比may 较委婉, 一般用于疑问句(包括间接疑问句), 不可用于肯定句或者否定句。
如: Might I have a word with you? 我可以和你说句话吗？
will和would：
1. will是助动词或是情态动词？
will用于构成将来时是助动词。用于表示“意志”“决心”“请求”是情态动词。would亦同理。
e.g. I will tell you something important.我要告诉你一些重要的事。（助动词）?
Will you tell her that I'm here? 请您告诉她说我在这儿，好吗？
（情态动词） ?
2. 在疑问句中用于第二人称，提出请求或询问。
e.g. If you want help - let me know, will you?
如果你需要帮助, 让我知道, 好吗?
Will you type this, please? 请打印这个，好吗？ ?
Won't you sit down? 请坐下，好吗？
3. would比will客气委婉。
e.g. Would you help us, please? 请您帮助我们，好吗？
I’d go there with you. 我要和你一块到那儿去。?
Teacher wouldn’t allow it. 老师不会允许这件事。
shall和should：
1. shall用于构成将来时是助动词。
shall用于征求对方的意见，表示 “决心” 是情态动词。
e.g. Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter.
可能今年冬天我会去英国观光。 （构成一般将来时, 助动词）
Shall we go by train, Mom? 妈妈，我们乘火车去好吗？
（用于征求对方的意见，情态动词）
I shall go at once. 我必须立即去。 （表 “决心”，情态动词）
2. should表示义务、建议、劝告，意为 “应该”。 “should+ have+过去分词”
表示本应该在过去做但没有做。
e.g. You should keep your promise. 你应该遵守诺言。
She should have passed the exam. 她应该通过考试的。
must和 have?to
1.must用于一般问句中,肯定回答用must否定式用?needn’t或don’t have to，做?“不必”, mustn’t表示“禁止，不允许”
? — Must?I?finish?all?assignments?at?a?time?
??—Yes, you must.
No,?you?needn't.
2 .表示“必须”这个意思时，must?和have?to?稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，have?to?强调客观需要。另外，have?to?能用于更多时态。
I don’t like this TV set. We must buy a new one.
There was no more bus. They had to walk home.
3. must表示对某人某事的猜测，?作“准是”，“一定” ，一般用于肯定句中。对过去发生的事情作肯定判断用must have done
? You?must?be?the?new?teacher. ?
He?must?be?joking. There?is?nobody?here.?They?must?have?all gone?home.
4. must表示“偏要，硬要”，指做令人不快的事情
He must come and worry her with question, just when she was busy cooking the dinner. Of course，after I gave her my advice，she must go and do the opposite.
Writing
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
重点词汇和短语
heart-broken, turn up, keep her word, fool, hold one’s breath, apologize, drown one’s sadness, in coffee, obvious, wipe, lovely, fell in love, couple, weeping, set off for, remind somebody of something, forgive
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enlarge their expressions and knowledge about the topic of this unit—festivals.
Enable the students to write an ending to the story.
3. Learning ability goals学能目标
Learn to write an ending to a story.
Teaching important points教学重点
Write a different ending for the story.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Discussion and summary.
Teaching aid 教具准备
A multi-media computer and a blackboard.
Teaching procedures & ways教学步骤
1. Guiding writing
如何续写故事
【单元写作呈现】
Read the story about Li Fang again. What do you think is going to happen to Li Fang and Hu Jin? Write your own ending to the story. Use the following hints to help you prepare for writing.
* Think of how Li Fang will explain that the flowers and chocolates are gone.
* Think of what Hu Jin will say when she hears that news.
* Think of an ending to the story that will solve the problem. Will Li Fang be happy or sad?
【写作分析】
本单元的写作任务是根据课文A SAD LOVE STORY的内容续写一个故事，属于记叙文。续写故事不仅要求使用书面语进行基本的陈述，还要根据前文内容构思情节，进而展开和完成一个故事。这对学生的英语写作能力提出了更高的要求。
在完成该写作任务的过程中，应努力使事件陈述更为充实；尝试描述人物的语言、动作和简单的心理活动。该写作练习为学生提供了较大的发挥空间，能够考查学生综合应用语言的能力和对语篇的整体驾驭能力。
【审题要素】
写作时应注意下面几点：
1. 确定文体：这是一篇记叙文，应注意故事情节的陈述。
2. 主体时态：文章是陈述过去发生的事件，应以一般过去时为主。
3. 主体人称：以第三人称讲述发生在他人身上的故事。
4. 内容要点：
① 故事发生的时间、地点；
② 涉及的主要人物；
③ 事件发展的过程；
④ 故事的结局。
5. 注意故事情节的合理性、完整性以及讲述的连贯性。
【思路引导】
本题属于记叙文写作中的续写故事，需要学生在充分理解已有材料的基础上展开合理想象，写作中应注意以下几个步骤：
首先，应在前文的基础上进一步交代清楚故事的时间、地点、主要人物等要点。
其次，选择恰当的语句叙述故事情节的发展，注意句子和段落间的连贯。
第三，注意人物动作和语言的准确描写，例如Li Fang的解释，Hu Jin听后的反应等。
第四，注意直接引语和间接引语在记叙文中的应用。
最后，故事的结尾要简短、自然。
2.【参考范文】
Li Fang went into the tea shop and sat besides Hu Jin. He was happy that Hu Jin kept her word, but how would he explain that the flowers and chocolates were gone? Hu Jin was looking forward to receiving his gifts. Suddenly, an idea occurred to Li Fang. He decided to tell a white lie, and also a romantic lie. “Oh, Hu Jin. I’ve been waiting for you for a long time at the coffee shop. Guess what! A young man came in and he looked very worried. He told me that he was the herd boy Niulang! He was hurrying to meet his dear Zhinü. But the city had changed so much that he couldn’t find a flower or chocolate shop ...”
“Oh, really?” Hu Jin was surprised. “Then what did you do?”
“You know the couple, Niulang and Zhinü, meet just once a year. What a pity if they can’t have a happy Valentine’s Day! So I gave my flowers and chocolates to the boy. I’m so sorry, Hu Jin.” Hu Jin smiled and came to realize what had happened. She said, “What an interesting boy! Of course he wouldn’t have been Niulang. Maybe he was in a hurry and had no time to prepare a gift for his girl friend. I’m glad that you helped him. Anyway, I have gifts for you. It doesn’t matter.”
Just at that time, the manager of the tea shop came up with a big bouquet of roses and said, “I’m glad to tell you that we have a special gift for every couple today in our shop. Here you are! Happy Valentine’s Day!”
Both Li Fang and Hu Jin were happy. It was really an unforgettable and romantic day!
3. Homework
通过学习这篇写作指导，你掌握了续写故事的方法了吗？试着写一下吧，然后与范文加以对照，找出其中的不足并加以改进。
April Fool's Day (April 1)?? In sixteenth-century France, the start of the new year was observed on April first. It
was celebrated in much the same way as it is today with parties and dancing into the late hours of the night. Then in 1562, Pope Gregory introduced a new calendar for the Christian world, and the new year fell on January first. There were some people, however, who hadn't heard or didn't believe the change in the date, so they continued to celebrate New Year's Day on April first. Others played tricks on them and called them "April fools." They sent them on a "fool's errand" or tried to make them believe that something false was true. In France today, April first is called "Poisson d'Avril." French children fool their friends by taping a paper fish to their friends' backs. When the "young fool" discovers this trick, the prankster yells "Poisson d’Avril!" (April Fish!) Today Americans play small tricks on friends and strangers alike on the first of April. One common trick on April Fool's Day, or All Fool's Day, is pointing down to a friend's shoe and saying, "Your shoelace is untied." Teachers in the nineteenth century used to say to pupils, "Look! A flock of geese!" and point up. School children might tell a classmate that school has been canceled. Whatever the trick, if the innocent victim falls for the joke the prankster yells, "April Fool! " The "fools' errands" we play on people are practical jokes. Putting salt in the sugar bowl for the next person is not a nice trick to play on a stranger. College students set their clocks an hour behind, so their roommates show up to the wrong class - or not at all. Some practical jokes are kept up the whole day before the victim realizes what day it is. Most April Fool jokes are in good fun and not meant to harm anyone. The most clever April Fool joke is the one where everyone laughs, especially the person upon whom the joke is played. "The first of April is the day we remember what we are the other 364 days of the year.” - American humorist Mark Twain
Carnival in Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad's carnival is a beautiful example of how carnival can unite the world. For in this small nation, the beliefs and traditions of many cultures have come together; and for a brief five days each year, the whole country forgets their differences to celebrate life!
Like many other nations under colonial rule, the history of Native Americans and African people in Trinidad is a brutal, sad story. Spain and England at different times both claimed Trinidad as their colonies. Under British rule, the French settled in Trinidad, bringing with them their slaves, customs, and culture. By 1797, 14,000 French settlers came to live in Trinidad, consisting of about 2,000 whites and 12,000 slaves. Most of the native peoples (often called the Amerindians) who were the first people to live in Trinidad, died from forced labor and illness.
Carnival was introduced to Trinidad around 1785, as the French settlers began to arrive. The tradition caught on quickly, and fancy balls were held where the wealthy planters put on masks, wigs, and beautiful dresses and danced long into the night. The use of masks had special meaning for the slaves, because for many African peoples, masking is widely used in their rituals for the dead. Obviously banned from the masked balls of the French, the slaves would hold their own little carnivals in their backyards — using their own rituals and folklore, but also imitating their masters’ behavior at the masked balls.
For African people, carnival became a way to express their power as individuals, as well as their rich cultural traditions. After 1838 (when slavery was abolished), the freed Africans began to host their own carnival celebrations in the streets that grew more and more elaborate, and soon became more popular than the balls.
Today, carnival in Trinidad is like a mirror that reflects the faces the many immigrants who have come to this island nation from Europe, Africa, India, and China. African, Asian, and American Indian influences have been particularly strong.
Carnival is such an important aspect of life in Trinidad that many schools believe that sponsoring a carnival band is a way to teach young people about their roots and culture. In Trinidad’s Kiddies Carnival, hundreds of schools and community organizations participate! In this way, communities work together to develop stronger friendships and greater respect for the many cultures that make up Trinidad.
Christopher Columbus
1 Christopher Columbus' father was a businessman, a weaver. His mother's family were also weavers. Maybe they hoped that one day Christopher would go into the weaving business too, but Christopher had ideas of his own. Growing up in the seaport city of Genoa, Italy, he had watched ships coming and going all the time, and he began to dream of sailing out on a great adventure of his own.
2 Lots of people dream of adventures when they are children, but Christopher didn't just dream, he did something about it. He worked hard to get what he wanted. One thing that he did early in his life was to get a good education. He didn't go to school for long, but he continued his education on his own to be sure that he learned the things that he would need to know. He taught himself Latin and Spanish, so that he could communicate with people from different places. When he was 14 years old, he signed on as a deckhand on sailing ships to learn all about sailing.
3 At that time, many ships were sailing off on adventures. Some of them sailed east, around Africa to reach what they called the Indies, which includes the modern countries of India, China, and Japan. Columbus, knowing that the world was round, thought that he could get there by sailing west. He didn't know that there were whole continents, North and South America, and then the Pacific Ocean in his way!
4 The voyage west would be an expensive one, and Columbus' first job was to find someone rich to sponsor him. After many tries, Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain took an interest in his plan. Columbus had asked for a lot, and maybe he was surprised when they agreed to everything he asked for; three ships, honors and titles, and a percent of the profit from the trade.
5 His three ships were named the Santa Maria, the Pinta, and the Nina. The Santa Maria was the largest; it was a heavy cargo ship with three masts, two square sails, one triangular sail, and another little topsail. The Pinta was smaller and faster, the kind of ship called a caravel. The Nina was a caravel too, and the smallest of the three. The ships were made of wood and, of course, had no motors. Some of the officers had bunk beds; some of the other sailors didn't even have that. They used wood to cook their food in fireboxes on the deck.
6 Columbus, who called himself Cristobal Colon in Spain, captained the Santa Maria. Two brothers, Martin and Vincente Pinzon, were the captains of the Pinta and the Nina. Altogether, there were about 90 men on the three ships that set sail in August of 1492.
7 Columbus kept a log, or a journal, that gives us information about his voyage. From his log, we know that they sailed by "dead reckoning," which was their way of measuring their course. They used only a magnetic compass, and measurements of distance and time, to keep them on track. The ships averaged a speed of about 150 miles per day, but when the wind was good, they could go twice that fast. When the wind stopped, the ships sat still too.
8 The trip turned out to take much longer than anyone on board expected. After many days and nights at sea, the sailors were ready to return home. On October 10, Columbus talked them into sailing forward for just three more days. On October 12, they sighted land, and the same day they landed, not in the Indies, but in the New World. The rest, as they say, is history.
Easter Day
Easter celebrates the resurrection of Jesus Christ. It is the most important feast in the Christian calendar. The churches are filled with worshipers, the altars are decorated with flowers, and the music proclaims the joy of the season.
Easter Sunday falls sometime between March 22 and April 25. It falls on the first Sunday after the first full moon following March 21. The date of Easter Sunday was established by the church council of Nicaea in A.D. 325.
Easter Sunday ends a period of preparation for the feast of Easter. This 40-day period of prayer and fasting, called Lent, begins on Ash Wednesday and ends on Holy Saturday, the day before Easter. The week from Palm Sunday to Easter Sunday is known as Holy Week. Good Friday marks Christ's crucifixion; and Easter Sunday, his resurrection.
The custom of a sunrise service on Easter Sunday can be traced to ancient spring festivals that celebrated the rising sun. The custom developed further in the Middle Ages, when celebrations at sunrise were also popular. People gathered to pray as the sun appeared and then went in procession to their churches.
The new clothes worn on Easter Sunday are a symbol of new life. The custom comes from the baptism on Easter Sunday of early Christians who were led into church wearing new robes of white linen. The present-day Easter parade has a parallel in the Middle Ages, when people walked about the country-side on Easter, stopping along the way to pray. Nowadays many people walk in Easter parades to show and see new spring clothes, especially hats.
Halloween
On October 31st, dozens of children dressed in costumes（节日服装）knock on their neighbors' doors and yell "Trick or Treat" when the door opens. Pirates and princesses, ghosts and popular heroes of the day all hold bags open to catch the candy or other goodies that the neighbors drop in. As they give each child a treat the neighbors exclaim over the costumes and try to guess who is under the masks.
　　Since the 800's November 1st is a religious holiday known as All Saints' Day（万圣节）. The Mass that was said on this day was called Allhallowmas. The evening before became known as All Hakkiw e'en, or Halloween. Like some other American celebrations, its origins lie in both pre-Christian and Christian customs.
　　October 31 st was the eve of the Celtic（凯尔特人的）new year. The Celts were the ancestors of the present-day Irish, Welsh and Scottish people. On this day ghosts walked and mingled with the living, or so the Celts thought. The townspeople baked food all that day and when night fell they dressed up and tried to resemble the souls of the dead. Hoping that the ghosts would leave peacefully before midnight of the new year.
　　Much later, when Christianity spread throughout Ireland and October 31 was no longer the last day of the year, Halloween became a celebration mostly for children. "Ghosts" went from door to door asking for treats, or else a trick would be played on the owners of the house. When millions of Irish people immigrated to the United States in the 1840s the tradition came with them.
　　Today' school dances and neighborhood parties called "block parties" are popular among young and old alike. More and more adults celebrate Halloween. They dress up like historical or political figures and go to masquerade parties（化妆舞会）. In larger cities, costumed children and their parents gather at shopping malls early in the evening. Stores and businesses give parties with games and treats for the children. Teenagers enjoy costume dances at their schools and the more outrageous the costume the better!
　　Certain pranks（恶作剧）such as soaping car windows and tipping over garbage cans are expected. But partying and pranks are not the only things that Halloweeners enjoy doing. Some collect money to buy food and medicine for needy children around the world.
　　Symbols of Halloween
　　Halloween originated as a celebration connected with evil spirits. Witches flying on broomsticks with black cats, ghosts, goblins（小精灵）and skeletons have all evolved as symbols of Halloween. They are popular trick-or-treat costumes and decorations for greeting cards and windows. Black is one of the traditional Halloween colors, probably because Halloween festivals and traditions took place at night. In the weeks before October 31, Americans decorate windows of houses and schools with silhouettes（轮廓）of witches and black cats.
　　Pumpkins are also a symbol of Halloween. The pumpkin is an orange-colored squash, and orange has become the other traditional Halloween color. Carving pumpkins into jack- o'lanterns is a Halloween custom also dating back to Ireland. A legend grew up about a man named Jack who was so stingy（吝啬的）that he was not allowed into heaven when he died, because he was a miser（吝啬鬼）. He couldn't enter hell either because he had played jokes on the devil. As a result, Jack had to walk the earth with his lantern until Judgement Day（审判日）. The Irish people carved scary faces out of turnips（芜菁根）, beets（甜菜根）or potatoes representing "Jack of the Lantern," or Jack-o'lantern. When the Irish brought their customs to the United States, they carved faces on pumpkins because in the autumn they were more plentiful than turnips. Today jack-o'-lanterns in the windows of a house on Halloween night let costumed children know that there are goodies（糖果）waiting if they knock and say "Trick or Treat!"
　　Halloween Treats
　　Dried Pumpkin Seeds
　　After carving your pumpkin, separate the pulp from the seeds. Rinse（冲洗）the seeds and spread them out to dry. The next day, add enough melted butter or margarine（人造黄油）to coat each seed. Spread the seeds onto a cookie sheet（甜酥饼干）and bake for 20 minutes in a 300 degree oven for 20 minutes or until they are slightly brown.
　　Caramel Apples
　　Take the paper wrapping off about 100 caramels（饴糖）and put them in a saucepan（炖锅）. Put the saucepan over a pan of boiling water. Boil the water until the caramels melt. Put a wooden stick into the top of each apple, dip the apple into the caramel. Let them cool on wax paper and enjoy!
　　Scary Stories
　　No Halloween party is complete without at least one scary story. Usually one person talks in a low
　　voice while everyone else crowds together on the floor or around a fire. The following is a retelling of a tale told in Britain and in North Carolina and Virginia.
　　"What Do You Come For?"
　　There was an old woman who lived all by herself, and she was very lonely. Sitting in the kitchen one night, she said, "Oh, I wish I had some company."
　　No sooner had she spoken than down the chimney tumbled two feet from which the flesh had rotted. The old woman's eyes bulged with terror.
　　Then two legs dropped to the hearth and attached themselves to the feet.
　　Then a body tumbled down, then two arms, and a man's head.
　　As the old woman watched, the parts came together into a great, tall man. The man danced around and around the room. Faster and faster he went. Then he stopped, and he looked into her eyes.
　　"What do you come for? She asked in a small voice that shivered and shook.
　　"What do I come for?" he said. "I come for YOU!"
　　The narrator shouts and jumps at the person near him!
Valentine's Day???? Valentine's Day (情人节) is named for Saint Valentine an early Christian churchman (牧师) who reportedly helped young lovers. Valentine was killed for his Christian beliefs on February 14 more than 1,700 years ago, but the day that has his name is even earlier than that.??? ?More than 2,000 years ago, the ancient (远古的) Romans celebrated a holiday for lovers. As part of the celebration, girls wrote their names on pieces of paper and put them in a large container. Boys reached into the container and pulled one out. The girl whose name was written on the paper became his lover or sweet heart for a year.??? ?Lovers still put their names on pieces of paper and they send each other Valentine's Day cards that tell of their love. Sometimes they also send gifts, like flowers or chocolate candy. Americans usually send these gifts and cards through the mail system. But some used another way to send this message. They have it printed in a newspaper. The cost is usually a few dollars. Some of the messages are simple and short, "Jane, I love you very much.”Others say more. This one, for example, "Don, roses are red. Violets (紫罗兰) are blue. I hope you love me as much as I love you. Forever, Mary."???? Most of the newspapers that print such messages are local, but USA Today is sold throughout the United States and 90 other countries as well. This means someone can send a Valentine message to a lover in a far-away city or town almost anywhere in the world. These messages cost 80 dollars and more. An employee (职员) of USA Today says readers can have a small heart or rose printed along with their messages this year. Will this kind of Valentine's Day message reach the one you love????? Well, just make sure he or she reads the newspaper.
中秋节
八月十五日是秋天的正中，所以被称为中秋或仲秋。八月十五的月亮比其他几个月的满月还要圆，要明亮，所以又叫做“月夕”，“八月节”。中秋前夕，人们都尽可能和家人团聚，取人月双圆的意义，八月十五又叫“团圆节”。
中秋节是汉族和少数民族的民间传统节日。早在三代时期我国就有“秋暮夕月”的习俗。夕月，即祭拜月神。到了周代，每逢中秋夜都要举行迎寒和祭月。在唐代，中秋赏月、玩月颇为盛行。南宋，民间以月饼相赠，取团圆之义。晚上，有赏月、游湖等活动。明清以来，中秋节的风俗更加盛行；许多地方形成了烧斗香、树中秋、点塔灯、放天灯、走月亮、舞火龙等特殊风俗。今天，月下游玩的习俗，已远没有旧时盛行。但设宴赏月仍很盛行，人们把酒问月，庆贺美好的生活，或祝远方的亲人健康快乐，和家人“千里共婵娟”。
以前，江苏地区的中秋夜，妇女们多外出在月下游玩，或互相拜访，或结伴去佛寺尼庵，或举行盛大的文艺活动。甚至玩到四更鸡鸣。这一风俗当地叫做“走月亮”。上海的习俗与江苏差不多。只是中秋夜，妇女外出游玩必须要走过至少三座桥，因而叫做“走三桥”。
古时还有祭月和拜月活动。设大香案，摆上月饼、西瓜、苹果、红枣、李子、葡萄等祭品，其中月饼和西瓜是绝对不能少的。西瓜还要切成莲花状。在月下，将月亮神像放在月亮的那个方向，红烛高燃，全家人依次拜祭月亮，然后由当家主妇切开团圆月饼。切的人预先算好全家共有多少人，在家的，在外地的，都要算在一起，不能切多也不能切少，大小要一样。如果家里有孕妇，就要多切一份。
拜月不是指祭月时的拜月。这种风俗源于北宋京师。当夜，满城人家，不论穷富老小，都要穿上成人的衣服，焚香拜月说出心愿，祈求月亮神的保佑。相传古代齐国丑女无盐，幼年时曾虔诚拜月，长大后，以超群品德入宫，但未被宠幸。某年八月十五赏月，天子在月光下见到她，觉得她美丽出众，后立她为皇后，中秋拜月由此而来。月中嫦娥，以美貌著称，故少女拜月，愿“貌似嫦娥，面如皓月”。
许多地方还形成了很多特殊的中秋习俗。如香港的舞火龙、安徽的堆宝塔、广州的树中秋、晋江的烧塔仔、苏州石湖看串月、傣族的拜月、苗族的跳月、侗族的偷月亮菜、高山族的托球舞等。
中秋节的习俗很多，形式也各不相同，但都寄托着人们对生活无限的热爱和对美好生活的向往。
元宵节
每年农历的正月十五日，春节刚过，迎来的就是中国的传统节日--元宵节。　　正月是农历的元月，古人称夜为“宵”，所以称正月十五为元宵节。正月十五日是一年中第一个月圆之夜，也是一元复始，大地回春的夜晚，人们对此加以庆祝，也是庆贺新春的延续。元宵节又称为“上元节”。　　按中国民间的传统，在这天上皓月高悬的夜晚，人们要点起彩灯万盏，以示庆贺。出门赏月、燃灯放焰、喜猜灯谜、共吃元宵，合家团聚、同庆佳节，其乐融融。　　元宵节也称灯节，元宵燃灯的风俗起自汉朝，到了唐代，赏灯活动更加兴盛，皇宫里、街道上处处挂灯，还要建立高大的灯轮、灯楼和灯树，唐朝大诗人卢照邻曾在《十五夜观灯》中这样描述元宵节燃灯的盛况“接汉疑星落，依楼似月悬。”　　宋代更重视元宵节，赏灯活动更加热闹，赏灯活动要进行5天，灯的样式也更丰富。明代要连续赏灯10天，这是中国最长的灯节了。清代赏灯活动虽然只有3天，但是赏灯活动规模很大，盛况空前，除燃灯之外，还放烟花助兴。　　“猜灯谜”又叫“打灯谜”，是元宵节后增的一项活动，出现在宋朝。南宋时，首都临安每逢元宵节时制迷，猜谜的人众多。开始时是好事者把谜语写在纸条上，贴在五光十色的彩灯上供人猜。因为谜语能启迪智慧又饶有兴趣，所以流传过程中深受社会各阶层的欢迎。
　　民间过元宵节吃元宵的习俗。元宵由糯米制成，或实心，或带馅。馅有豆沙、白糖、山楂、各类果料等，食用时煮、煎、蒸、炸皆可。起初，人们把这种食物叫“浮圆子”，后来又叫“汤团”或“汤圆”，这些名称“团圆”字音相近，取团圆之意，象征全家人团团圆圆，和睦幸福，人们也以此怀念离别的亲人,寄托了对未来生活的美好愿望。　　一些地方的元宵节还有“走百病”的习俗，又称“烤百病”“散百病”，参与者多为妇女，他们结伴而行或走墙边，或过桥，走郊外，目的是驱病除灾。
　　随着时间的推移，元宵节的活动越来越多，不少地方节庆时增加了耍龙灯、耍狮子、踩高跷、划旱船扭秧歌、打太平鼓等传统民俗表演。这个传承已有两千多年的传统节日，不仅盛行于海峡两岸，就是在海外华人的聚居区也年年欢庆不衰。
圣诞的由来
12月25日，是基督教徒纪念耶稣诞生的日子，称为圣诞节。
　　从12月24日于翌年1月6日为圣诞节节期。节日期间，各国基督教徒都举行隆重的纪念仪式。圣诞节本来是基督教徒的节日，由于人们格外重视，它便成为一个全民性的节日，是西方国家一年中最盛大的节日，可以和新年相提并论，类似我国过春节。　　
　　西方人以红、绿、白三色为圣诞色，圣诞节来临时家家户户都要用圣诞色来装饰。红色的有圣诞花和圣诞蜡烛。绿色的是圣诞树。它是圣诞节的主要装饰品，用砍伐来的杉、柏一类呈塔形的常青树装饰而成。上面悬挂着五颜六色的彩灯、礼物和纸花，还点燃着圣诞蜡烛。
　　红色与白色相映成趣的是圣诞老人，他是圣诞节活动中最受欢迎的人物。西方儿童在圣诞夜临睡之前，要在壁炉前或枕头旁放上一只袜子，等候圣诞老人在他们入睡后把礼物放在袜子内。在西方，扮演圣诞老人也是一种习俗。
圣诞的由来
　　圣诞节的由来耶稣的生日究竞是哪一天，其实早无据可查。为什么要把12月25日定为圣诞节呢？这是在5世纪中叶由教会规定的。公元354年，在“菲洛卡连”日历中第一次写明12月25日是耶稣的生日，到5世纪西方普遍接受了这个日期为圣诞节。　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　圣诞树
　　据称，圣诞树最早出现在古罗马12月中旬的农神节，德国传教士尼古斯在公元8世纪用纵树供奉圣婴。随后，德国人把12月24日作为亚当和夏娃的节日，在家放上象征伊甸园的“乐园树”，上挂代表圣饼的小甜饼，象征赎罪；还点上蜡烛，象征基督。
　　到16世纪，宗教改革者马丁.路德，为求得一个满天星斗的圣诞之夜，设计出在家中布置一颗装着蜡烛的圣诞树。不过，西方关于圣诞树的来历流行着另一种说法：有个善良的农民，在圣诞节那天，热情地招待了一名流浪的孩子，临别时，孩子折下一树枝插在地上树枝立即长成大树，孩子指着这树对农民说，每年今日，树上都长满礼物，以报答你们的盛情。所以，今天人们所见的圣诞树上总是挂满了小礼物。
　　荷斯利设计的。卡片上画的是一个贵族家庭，三代人一齐举杯对一位不在场的亲友表示祝贺。当时他印了1000张，没有用完的印刷厂就以每张1先令的价钱卖出。圣诞卡就这样诞生了。　　
　　圣诞歌
　　长期以来，一直流行的圣诞歌主要有三个，一个是《平安夜》；一个是《听，天使报佳音》；第三个是《铃铛儿响叮当》。　　
　　圣诞老人
　　圣诞老人原指公元4世纪时小亚细亚专区的主教尼古拉，他因和蔼可亲慷慨济贫万里闻名。到了6世纪，东方把他尊称为圣尼古拉。由于民间有关尼古拉的传说中，都联系到少年儿童和礼物，从此，圣诞老人便成为专门在圣诞节向孩子们送礼物的慈祥老人的形象。到了18世纪，通过文学和绘画，圣诞老人逐渐成为身穿红外衣的白胡子、白眉毛老人形象。
　　圣诞礼物
据《圣经》记载，来自东方的圣人在耶稣降生的时候赠送礼物，这就是圣诞老人为儿童赠送礼品习俗的由来。英国少年儿童在圣诞前夕把长统袜子放在壁炉旁，相信圣诞老人在夜里会从大烟囱下来，给他们带来满袜子的礼物。法国的少年儿童把鞋放在门口，让“圣婴来时把礼物放在鞋里面。”
　　圣诞大餐
　　正像中国人过春节吃年饭一样，欧美人过圣诞节也很注重全家人围坐在圣诞树下，共进节日美餐。
　　圣诞大餐吃火鸡的习俗始于1620年。这种风俗盛于美国。英国人的圣诞大餐是烤鹅，而非火鸡。奥大利人爱在平安夜里，全家老小约上亲友成群结队地到餐馆去吃一顿圣诞大餐，其中，火鸡、腊鸡、烧牛仔肉和猪腿必不可少，同时伴以名酒，吃得大家欢天喜地。
巴西狂欢节
最早的巴西狂欢节开始于1641年，当时的殖民统治者为了庆祝葡萄牙国王的寿辰，法令民众游行、舞蹈、畅饮娱乐。经过300多年的发展，巴西狂欢节成了民间最重要的节日，灿烂的阳光、缤纷的华服、火辣的桑巴舞以及洋溢在男女老少脸上的笑容，构成了一幅浓郁的民俗风情画。
　　在狂欢节的游行队伍里，不分贫穷和富有，不分尊贵或卑贱，从白天跳到黑夜，快乐可以传染，不满得以宣泄。狂欢节期间，数不清的罗曼史在发生，点亮人们平庸的日常生活。你有权期待浪漫，期待激情，你有权发泄不满，表达抗议，一切都那么爽，于是你笑了。环顾四周，载歌载舞的游行队伍中，桑巴舞小姐多么美，阳光多么好，开心最重要。 里约热内卢每年的狂欢王、狂欢后及狂欢公主都是经过评选产生的。他们都是在各种桑巴舞表演中担任过领舞的桑巴能手，狂欢王的体重还必须在130公斤以上。今年的狂欢王阿莱士年龄28岁，体重170公斤，已经连续3年获此殊荣，狂欢后和狂欢公主也都是巴西人非常熟悉的桑巴舞小姐。他们在今年狂欢节期间每天都要参加多场桑巴舞表演。
　　规模盛大的桑巴舞游行中，一辆辆车身长达10米的彩车打头阵，车上装着高音喇叭，车顶上七八名鼓手敲出震耳欲聋的欢乐鼓点，歌手引吭高歌，桑巴舞小姐高高在上，扭动腰肢，跳着欢快的桑巴舞。成千上万的人簇拥在彩车前后，一边和歌手一起歌唱，一边随着节奏跳着桑巴舞。
　　由于沿途不断有人加入，游行队伍越来越长。人们极尽想象，把自己打扮得千奇百怪，以吸引路人的眼光，参加游行的人有年过花甲的老人，有坐在父亲肩头的儿童。男男女女，老老少少，人人都在唱，个个都在跳。烈日炎炎，气温高达32摄氏度，虽然人人脸上都淌着汗水，但个个脸上都挂着笑容。
　　大家都奇装异服，要引人注目，只有走极端。电视女演员安吉拉·比兹玛克在身体上涂满了巴西国旗的颜色，赤裸全身，随着游行队伍尽情欢跳，警察实在看不过眼，一定要她穿上点什么，否则就以"侮辱国旗"为由拘禁她。但是在电视采访中，安吉拉辩驳说："这是表达对国家的尊敬。"
　　里约热内卢的海滩，随处可见上身赤裸的女性，以致于游客也开始脱衣服。而在游行的桑巴舞彩车上，桑巴舞模特或赤裸上身，或只穿比基尼，在车顶忘情欢跳。
　　游行是表达政见的好机会，尽管此届狂欢节的主题极力弘扬爱国主义，但是，还是有彩车被装点上了土著印地安人、拿枪的葡萄牙"入侵者"，以及运奴船，以抗议殖民历史，还有人举起牌子，抗议1964年至1985年巴西军政府的专制统治。
　　但并不是什么都可以的，全身赤裸、诋毁宗教被普遍认为不合适，这些行为，一般会遭到警察的立即制止。
　　狂欢节中，警察是惟一笑不起来的人。狂欢节的头两天，交通流量大增，许多内地人开车前往里约热内卢等海滨城市旅游观光，圣保罗等大城市的人们又纷纷开车前往内地探亲度假。巴西全国发生车祸1065起，造成72人死亡，551人受伤。大部分交通事故发生在白天和天气良好的情况下，多数车祸原因是司机酒后驾车和超速行驶。
　　在游行队伍气氛处于高潮时，毒品交易比平时高出一倍。狂欢节期间，大量的风流韵事发生，巴西警察毫不忌讳地提醒人们注意预防艾滋病。 此次巴西狂欢节吸引的游客创下了历史纪录，仅里约热内卢一地，就有31万多名游客。国家旅游局的官员恩伯塔估计，仅4天假期，巴西咖啡商做成了12亿美元的生意。出租车生意出奇地好。热心的组织者为了让游人尽兴，特地为外地游客开设了跳桑巴舞的速成班，好让他们也能边舞边乐，体会桑巴风情。
感恩节
每年11月的第四个星期四(the fourth Thursday in November)是美国的感恩节(Thanksgiving Day)。感恩节是美国人民独创的一个古老节日，也是美国人合家欢聚的节日，因此美国人提起感恩节总是倍感亲切。　　
感恩节的由来要一直追溯到美国历史(American history)的发端。1620年，著名的"五月花(the Mayflower)"号船满载不堪忍受英国国内宗教迫害的清教徒(the pilgrims)102人到达美洲(America)。1620年和1621年之交的冬天，他们遇到了难以想象的困难，处在饥寒交迫之中，冬天过去时，活下来的移民(settlers)只有50多人。这时，心地善良的印第安人(the Indians)给移民送来了生活必需品，还特地派人教他们怎样狩猎、捕鱼和种植玉米、南瓜。在印第安人的帮助下，移民们终于获得了丰收，在欢庆丰收的日子，按照宗教传统习俗，移民规定了感谢上帝的日子，并决定为感谢印第安人的真诚帮助，邀请他们一同庆祝节日。　　
在第一个感恩节的第一天，印第安人和移民欢聚一堂，他们在黎明时鸣放礼炮，列队走进一间用作教堂的屋子，虔诚地向上帝表达谢意，然后点起篝火举行盛大宴会。第二天和第三天又举行了摔跤、赛跑、唱歌、跳舞等活动。第一个感恩节非常成功。其中许多庆祝方式流传了300多年，一直保留到今天。最初感恩节没有固定日期，由各州临时决定，直到美国独立后，感恩节才成为全国性的节日。 1863年，林肯总统(President Lincoln)把感恩节定为法定假日。到1941年， 美国国会(Congress of the United States)通过一项法令，把感恩节定在每年十一月的第四个星期四。　　
每逢感恩节这一天，美国举国上下热闹非凡，人们按照习俗前往教堂(church)做感恩祈祷，城乡市镇到处都有化装游行、戏剧表演或体育比赛等。分开了一年的亲人们也会从天南海北归来，一家人团团圆圆，品尝美味的感恩节火鸡。　　
感恩节的食品富有传统特色。其中最吸引人的大菜是烤火鸡(roast turkey)和南瓜馅饼(pumpkin pie)。烤火鸡是感恩节的传统主菜，通常是把火鸡肚子里塞上各种调料和拌好的食品，然后整只烤出，由男主人用刀切成薄片分给大家。火鸡在烘烤时要以面包作填料以吸收从中流出来的美味汁液，但烹饪技艺常因家庭和地区的不同而各异，应用什么填料也就很难求得一致。此外，人们在餐桌上还可以吃到苹果(apple)、桔子(orange)、栗子(chestnut)、胡桃(walnut)和葡萄(grape),以及碎肉馅饼(mince pie)、小红莓酱(cranberry sauce)等。　　
感恩节宴会(Thanksgiving dinner)后，人们有时会做些传统游戏，比如南瓜赛跑是比赛者用一把小勺推着南瓜跑，规则是不能用手碰南瓜，先到终点者获胜。比赛用的勺子越小，游戏就越有意思。多少年来，庆祝感恩节的习俗代代相传，无论在岩石嶙峋的西海岸(West Coast)，还是在风光旖旎的夏威夷(Hawaii)，人们几乎在以同样的方式欢度感恩节，感恩节是不论何种信仰、何种民族的美国人都庆祝的传统节日。
日本的节日
日本的新年
“正月”在日语中是新年的意思，是日本人一年中最重要的节日之一。日本过新年的风俗习惯全国都差不多一样。例如，元旦的早晨要喝“屠苏酒”，吃专门为新年而作的菜：青鱼子、黑豆、用酱油和糖煮的小干鱼等，寓意子孙繁盛，身体健康。早餐还要吃“杂煮”（年糕汤）。新年期间各户门前摆挂上松枝和竹枝，叫“门松”，有吉祥之意。新年头三天叫“三贺日”，人们彼此拜年。除夕夜人们有守岁的习惯，尤其在午夜时去神社聆听除夕钟声，这时的神社人山人海，常达数万人之众。初一去参拜神社叫“初诣”,是庆祝新年必有的节目。进入12月人们要互寄贺年片、有奖明信片，邮局为此专辟邮道。据说大年初一翻阅纷沓而至的贺年片是日本人独有的一种新年喜悦。? 盂兰盆节 除了新年之外，日本最重要的节日是八月中旬的盂兰盆节，这期间大多数日本人要归乡扫墓，交通运输的紧张状态颇似中国春节前后的情景。连接东京和各城市的主要高速公路经常堵车距离长达十几公里甚至几十公里。在这段期间里，各地举行许多活动，如跳盂兰盆舞，放烟火等。 女孩节 三月三日是女孩节（桃花节），有女孩的家庭要设置一个架子，一层层地供奉上象征古代帝王贵族的玩偶人，祝愿女孩顺利成长与吉祥。 儿童节五月五日是儿童节（男孩节），凡有男孩的家庭都在室外用竹竿挂起鲤鱼帜，家里有几个男孩就挂几个鲤鱼帜。 乞巧节七月七日是乞巧节，据传说古代一对相爱的男女被天河分开，只有这一天才能相聚。七夕时，人们在彩纸带上写些祈求的话，挂在竹枝上，祈望自己的愿望能实现。 七五三节 十一月十五日是“七五三节”，即女孩三岁或七岁，男孩五岁时，这一天由家人带到神社或寺院祈求在神的保护下健康成长。除以上这些全国性的节日外，日本各地还有无数的地方性节日，有些较大的节日常吸引成千上万的外地游客前往观赏。
端午节的起源习俗
农历五月初五端午节，是我国最大的传统节日之一。端午亦称端五，“端”的意思和“初”相同，称“端五”也就如称“初五”；端五的“五”字又与“午”相通，按地支顺序推算，五月正是“午”月。又因午时为“阳辰”，所以端五也叫“端阳”。五月五日，月、日都是五，故称重五，也称重午。此外，端午还有许多别称，如：夏节、浴兰节、女儿节，天中节、地腊、诗人节等等。
??? 端午节的别称之多，间接说明了端午节俗起源的歧出。事实也正是这样的。关于端午节的来源，时至今日至少有四、五种说法，诸如：纪念屈原说；吴越民族图腾祭说；起于三代夏至节说；恶月恶日驱避说，等等。迄今为止，影响最广的端午起源的观点是纪念屈原说。在民俗文化领域，我国民众把端午节的龙舟竞渡和吃粽子都与屈原联系起来。传说屈原投江以后，当地人民伤其死，便驾舟奋力营救，因有竞渡风俗；又说人们常放食品到水中致祭屈原，但多为蛟龙所食，后因屈原的提示才用楝树叶包饭，外缠彩丝，做成后来的粽子样。
??? 端午节的习俗主要有：吃粽子于门上插艾或菖蒲驱邪，系长命缕，饮雄黄酒或以之消毒，赛龙舟等等。?粽子又叫“角黍”、“筒粽”，前者是由于形状有棱角、内裹粘米而得名，后者顾名思义大概是用竹筒盛米煮成。端午节吃粽子，在魏晋时代已经很盛行。这种食品是在每年端午和夏至两个节日里食用。粽子还是一种节日往来的礼品。到了唐宋时期，粽子已极为有名，市场上常有粽子卖。现在，我们过端午节仍然免不了要吃几只粽子。粽子有不少花样，有南北之别，东西之分。南方常用红枣、花生、咸肉等混在糯米中制成，也多见不杂别的食品，而去品味粽叶的清香的；北方多以枣、果脯等作为粽子的馅心。小小的粽子，似乎已经成了中国传统的象征，在人们心中占据着一定的位置。 过去端午节还有躲午的习俗，此种习俗源于一 种信仰，即：五月为“ 恶 月” ，瘟疮蔓延，重五是个不吉利的日子，所以父母都于是日将未满周岁的儿女带往 外婆家躲避，以逃脱灾祸，故称躲午。这无疑是古代科学不发达而产生的观念，因为五月酷暑将至，蚊虫滋 生，在没有医疗卫生设备的民间，容易发生传染病，遂给人们带来一种恐惧心理，于是产生躲午习俗，如今这一节日的一些古老习俗已经随着社会变迁而消失了，但吃粽子、赛龙舟等习俗仍然流行。
单元测试题 1
英语知识运用 （共两节，满分45分）
第一节：语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Christmas is the biggest festival in Britain and 21. ________ (celebrate) on 25th December. The four weeks before Christmas are called Advent [(耶稣)降临节], and are traditionally celebrated in churches by lighting? 22. ________?candle each Sunday during Advent. Nowadays, many people in Britain are not very religious, 23. ________, they still celebrate Christmas. But watch out — the preparations begin long 24. ________ Advent. In fact, as early as September or October, you start to see signs that Christmas is on the way.
So what do people buy to prepare 25. ________ Christmas? They often prepare Christmas?? 26. ________ (decorate), Christmas cards to be sent to their friends, presents for their loved ones and beautiful wrapping paper. And of course food! Apart from the special Christmas dinner of roast turkey or goose, people buy lots of chocolates, nuts and snacks for everyone?27. ________ (enjoy).
But the children are the 28. ________ (happy) when Christmas is coming. They start making lists of presents they would like, and give 29. ________ to their parents. In December, they can also open their Advent calendars, 30. ________ is a way of counting down to Christmas. They have a window to open for every day from 1st-24th December.
第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Johnathan, a six-year-old from Milton Keynes, will share the stage with a host of famous people, after winning an award for bravely fighting against his illness.
He was ?31 ?from hundreds of nominations (提名) across the UK to win the Inspirational Child in 2013 WellChild Awards, which celebrate the ?32 ?of children facing serious illnesses and honour the effort of professionals who go the extra mile to ?33 ?sick children and their families.
Johnathan was nominated by Helen Braggins — a nurse specialist who looks after children — for his ?34 ?in the face of a very serious illness. The future remains uncertain ?35 ?a high-risk operation offers him some hope.
Brave Johnathan has had long periods in ?36 ?with serious infections (感染) and ??37? has to deal with weak sight, but he has ?38 ?people with his bravery. When an infection prevented him eating for five months, Johnathan decided to become a chef and learn to ?39 . Helen said: “Johnathan has an amazing ability to turn a ?40 ?situation into a new experience. He is a truly ?41 ?young man.”
With hundreds of nominations received from across the country, the job of choosing ?42 ?in all WellChild Award categories (类别) is given to judges. The judges ?43 ?leading health professionals and others with an interest in children’s? 44 , as well as children and young people who face ?55? illnesses.
Director of WellChild Awards, Linda Partridge, said: “It is a great ?46 ?to choose winners from the many amazing nominations we ?47 ?from all over the country. All the judges are ?48 ?by the bravery of the children, the stories of selfless care and ?49 ?of the doctors, nurses and teachers. They made a great ?50 ?to the lives of sick children. Johnathan truly deserves to be the winner of the award.”
31. A. picked? ? ?????????B. prevented?? ??? ?C. protected???? ???????????D. separated
32. A. love ? ? ? ? ? ?B. care?????????? C. progress ? ? ? ? ? ?D. courage
33. A. teach ? ? ? ? ? B. help?????????? C. treat ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. meet
34. A. bravery?????? ??????B. discovery?? ?????C. creation ? ? ? ? ? D. calmness
35. A. for ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. so?????? ???? C. but???? ?? ??????????????D. and
36. A. school ? ? ? ? ?B. hospital??? ????? C. garden ? ? ? ? ? ?D. factory
37. A. just ? ? ? ? ? ? B. soon????????? C. also??? ??????????????????D. almost
38. A. upset ? ? ? ? ? B. pleased? ?? C. interested ? ? ? ? ?D. amazed
39. A. write??? ????????????B. cook?? ?? ? C. ride??????????? ????????????D. swim
40. A. similar? ??????????B. different???? C. wonderful ????????????????D. bad
41. A. strange????????????B. happy???????? C. unusual????? ??????????????D. lovely
42. A. stars ? ? ? ? ? B. winners????? ? ?C. volunteers ? ? ? ? ?D. students
43. A. include????????????B. expect???? ????? C. welcome ?????????????? D. discuss
44. A. dreams ??????????B. speeches??? C. study???????? ?????????????D. health
45. A. common? ???????B. serious?????? C. heart ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. brain
46. A. challenge? ??????B. trouble???????????C. gift ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. plan
47. A. interview ???????B. introduce???? C. receive ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. remember
48. A. controlled ? ? B. valued??????? C. delighted????????????????? D. moved
49. A. support?????????????B. talk??????????? C. wish??????????????????????? ?D. success
50. A. decision ? ? ? B. difference?? C. promise????????????????????D. choice
第三部分： 阅读理解 （共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Samuel de Champlain was a French explorer, navigator (航海家), and mapmaker. He explored much of eastern Canada and became known as the “Father of New France”.
Born into a family of sailors, Champlain, while still a young man, began exploring North America. In 1603, he sailed up the Saguenay River and the St. Lawrence River. From 1604 to 1607 Champlain joined in the exploration and settlement of the first permanent (永久的) European settlement north of Florida. Then, in 1608, he established the French settlement that is now Quebec City. He also made the first accurate (精确的) map of the Canadian coast.
Champlain spent most of the rest of his life going between France and Canada. His goals were to map North America and find a quicker way to get to the Pacific Ocean.
In 1629 Quebec was controlled by the English and Champlain was taken to England as a prisoner. When Canada was returned to France in 1633 Champlain returned to Canada as governor of Quebec and remained in Quebec until his death on Christmas Day in 1635.
Champlain was the first European to explore and describe the Great Lakes, and published maps of his journeys and reports of what he learned from the natives and the French living among the natives. Champlain was memorialized as the “Father of New France”, and many places and streets in North America use his name. The most famous of these is Lake Champlain, which lies between northern New York and Vermont.
51. Which is the correct order of the events about Champlain?
a. established the settlement in Canada
b. travelled up the St. Lawrence River
c. returned to Canada as governor of Quebec
d. was taken to England
A. b-a-c-d?????????????????????????? B. b-a-d-c?????? ??????
C. a-d-b-c??????????????????? D. a-b-d-c
52. We can learn from the text that Champlain _____.
A. was important to Canadian history
B. was famous for the lake named for him
C. was the first person to explore North America
D. was the first family member to work on a ship
53. The underlined word “memorialized” in the last paragraph probably means “_____”.
A. described?? ?????????????????? B. chosen? ??????????
C. remembered? ????????? ?????? D. trusted
54. What’s the best title for the text?
A. Exploration of North America
B. Origin of Lake Champlain?
C. Foundation of Quebec
D. Father of New France
B
Jacob’s Pillow Dance Festival
Where:?Becket, Massachusetts
When:?June 15-Aug. 24 Each summer, this influential dance center presents a number of classes and performances by more than 50 companies from around the world. Highlights (最精彩的部分) this season include the Dance Theater of Harlem’s production of Alvin Ailey’s “The Lark Ascending”, which opens the festival.
Many events are free. Ticketed performances start at $22.?jacobspillow.org.
Moab Music Festival
Where:?Moab, Utah
When:?Aug. 29-Sept. 9
This area is better known for mountain biking than for music. But since 1992, it has hosted a private festival that brings classical, jazz, Latin and other types of music to the land. This year there will be 16 concerts, including three “Grotto Concerts”, where guests take a 45-minute boat ride down the Colorado River to performances.
Events start at $25. moabmusicfest.org.
Cheyenne Frontier Days
Where:?Cheyenne, Wyoming
When:?July 19-28
There’s something for everyone at this 117-year-old festival, from an “Indian village” and Old West museum to country concerts. But the competition is still the main attraction, with cowboys (牛仔) and cowgirls competing for major money in the world’s largest outdoor stage.
Competition tickets start at $18, and concert tickets at $23.?cfdrodeo.com.
The Glimmerglass Festival
Where:?Cooperstown, New York
When:?July 6-Aug. 24
Each summer, opera lovers from around the country (and the world) travel to upstate New York to watch productions that include stars like Nathan Gunn and Ginger Costa-Jackson. This year’s performances include Wagner’s “The Flying Dutchman” and Verdi’s “King for a Day”, in honor of the 200th birthdays of both composers (作曲家).
Tickets start at $26.?glimmerglass.org.
55. If you want to enjoy a “Grotto Concert”, which date suits you best?
A. June 15.???? ????????? B. July 19.????
C. August 24.??? ???????????? D. September 4.
56. If you go to Cheyenne to watch a competition and enjoy a concert, how much will you pay at least?
A. $18. ? ???????????? ? B. $22.??? ?
C. $36.???????? ???????? ? D. $41.
57. If you are a big fan of Wagner, you’re advised to go to _____.
A. Jacob’s Pillow Dance Festival
B. the Glimmerglass Festival
C. Cheyenne Frontier Days
D. Moab Music Festival
58. Which part of a website is the text probably chosen from?
A. Education.???? ????????????? B. Art.?? ??????
C. Business.????? ????????????? D. Literature.
C
COLUMBIA, SC — Students at the Columbia Jewish Day School have been pouring through the pages of a new book circulating (传阅) at school. The youngsters are the main characters in the book that shares stories about greeting newcomers, helping others in wheelchairs, reaching out to the lonely and performing various other acts of kindness. And this story’s ending has yet to be penned.
The school has been planning “Columbia’s Book of Kindness” for the past year. The 1,000-page, hardcover book was designed by Columbia Jewish Day School educator Jane Muller. Since last February, students and community (社区) members have been encouraged to write down acts of kindness in the book they have shown to others or have received.
“When you turn the pages, you’ll see some wonderful things going on,” said Muller, who founded the school 21 years ago with her husband Rabbi Meir Muller.
Muller, a poet and book artist, said the book offered her the chance to use her art to bring something meaningful to the community. She said she hopes to help young people in particular understand the importance of making a difference where they are, rather than just looking to other acts of kindness.
Those lessons appeared to be catching on at school in recent days, as a group of students shared some of their stories with each other. Eight-year-old Will Obradovich shared how he had helped his neighbors with their pet, while ten-year-old Samantha Beckmer designed a page showing how she believes a community should care for its people, the animals and the environment. “When we spread the kindness book around, it will encourage more people to be kind,” Samantha said. Ten-year-old Jack Lamey said the stories shared in the book have inspired? (激励) him to look for new ways to be kind to others.
“Columbia’s Book of Kindness” will be circulated to various places in the community in the coming months of 2014. At each stop, people will be invited to share their stories about kindness through poetry, drawings and photographs. The goal is to fill the 1,000 pages before the book is officially presented to the city.
“Let your story inspire others,” Jane Muller said. “Let others inspire you. It’s Columbia’s book.”
59. Jane Muller designed the book to _____.
A. inspire acts of kindness???
B. protect the environment
C. encourage creative writing???
D. improve students’ writing skill
60. We can infer from Jane Muller that _____.
A. good deeds should be kept secret
B. community members should care for the youth
C. it is important to do good around us
D. community education depends on everybody
61. According to the text, the book _____.
A. was finished last February
B. was written by students
C. was thin and expensive
D. was popular at school
62. Who learned a lot from the book?
A. Samantha Beckmer.?? ?????? B. Rabbi Meir Muller.
C. Will Obradovich.????????????? D. Jack Lamey.
?
D
The argan forest in Morocco, northwest Africa, is a very special place. The trees help to stop the spread of the desert. It takes between 40 to 60 years for an argan tree to become an adult. And scientists say that the tree may live for 200 to 400 years. But this long growing time can be a problem. When someone cuts down an argan tree, it takes a very long time for another one to grow and replace it.
The women in Morocco make a special product from the trees: argan oil. They gather the fruit from the ground. Then, they take the seeds (籽) out of the fruit. When these seeds dry, they pound them between two stones to remove the oil.
In the past, the women produced argan oil to use in cooking, on their skin, and to treat sicknesses. In the 1990s people in Europe began to learn about the special qualities of the oil, so the production of argan oil started to change. Many companies in the West moved to Morocco and used chemicals (化学物质) to get the oil out of the seeds, pushing out the native people and also making the argan forest suffering.
So the Moroccan government started to help fix this problem. First, they talked to UNESCO. In 1998, UNESCO recognized the argan forest as a special place that the world will protect. The second step was to encourage the women in Morocco to form cooperatives (合作社). And the European Union declared that argan oil must be produced by these cooperatives.
Today there are over 50 argan oil cooperatives run by women in Southwestern Morocco. These cooperatives not only give women a way to help support their families but also care for the existing forest and plant more argan trees. They make sure that the argan forest will exist for many more generations. Argan oil is more than just something to eat or rub on your skin. It is a product that makes a difference.
63. What’s good about the argan tree?
A. It stops the soil from blowing away.???
B. It can live in a very wet place.
C. It has a short growing time.
D. It doesn’t break easily.
64. Why did the Western companies go to Morocco?
A. To learn from the Moroccan women.
B. To learn about the argan tree.
C. To trade with the natives.
D. To produce argan oil.
65. Why does argan oil make a difference?
A. It helps the people in Morocco.
B. It helps the world get to know Africa.
C. It helps the women get their equal rights.
D. It helps improve Morocco’s international position.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Food safety is a problem in all places around the world and people in different areas of the world prepare foods in different ways. The WHO released (发布) five simple rules for preparing food in a safe way. They call these rules the “Five Keys to Safer Food”.
Key 1: Keep clean
?66 . People should wash their hands often — before touching food and while they are preparing food. People should wash all surfaces and equipment used for preparing food.
Key 2: Separate raw (生的) and cooked
Raw foods should not touch prepared foods. ?67 .
Key 3: ?68
People should cook eggs and meat especially carefully. These foods may carry more micro-organisms (微生物) than other foods. Food like soup must be boiled for at least a minute to make it be cooked completely. It is also important that people re-heat cooked food completely.
Key 4: Keep food at safe temperatures
When people are finished with eating, they should keep the left food in a refrigerator below 5oC and shouldn’t store it for too long. At room temperature, about 20oC, the amount of micro-organisms can increase very quickly. But temperatures above 60oC or below 5oC control the growth of micro-organisms. ?69 .
Key 5: Use safe water and raw materials
?70 . Damaged or old food may develop harmful chemicals as it gets older.
A. Eat healthily
B. Cook completely
C. They can live where we make food
D. This key tells about the importance of washing
E. People should use safe water and choose fresh foods
F. They cannot grow as quickly in a very hot or very cold environment
G. People should use separate equipment and tools for touching and preparing raw foods
第四部分： 写作 （共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Early on the morning, it was snowing heavily. After while, the roads were deeper in snow. Trees along the roads fell down, but many cars were trapped on the roads. The city government takes immediate measures to clean up the snow. In a moment, many people were organized to help cleaning up the snow on the roads. We moved the snow to the sides of the roads to make people and car go through. As a result, thank to everybody’s help, everything was returned to normal as soon as possible.
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
假设你是李华，春节过后，英语老师让大家轮流分享自己庆祝节日的经历。请你就此写一篇英语发言稿。
注意：1. 词数100左右；? 2. 开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。
参考词汇：对联 couplet； 春节联欢晚会 the Spring Festival Gala
Dear fellow students,
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
?????? Thank you.
?参考答案
1-5 BBCAC ? ? ? ? ? ?6-10 ABBCB ? ? ? ? ? ? ?11-15 ABACA
16-20 AABBC???? ?????? 21. is celebrated ? ? ? ? ? 22. a?
23. however??? ?? ?????? 24. before ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 25. for??
26. decorations??? ????? 27. to enjoy ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?28. happiest
29. them???? ?????? ???????? 30. which????????????? ?????? 31-35 ADBAC
36-40 BCDBD ? ? ? ? ? ?41-45 CBADB ? ? ? ? ? ? 46-50 ACDAB
51-55 BACDD???? ???? ? 56-60 DBBAC ? ? ? ? ? ? 61-65 DDADA
66-70 DGBFE
短文改错：
71. Early on the morning, ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?on?→?in
72. After while, ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?while前加a
73. ... were deeper in snow. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? deeper?→?deep
74. ..., but many cars were ...????? ?????? but?→?and?????
75. ... takes immediate measures ...?? takes?→?took
76. ... help cleaning up ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?cleaning?→?clean
77. We moved the snow ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?We?→?They
78. ... people and car ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?car?→?cars
79. ..., thank to everybody’s ... ? ? ? ? ? ? thank?→?thanks
80. ..., everything was returned ... ? ? ?? 去掉was
One possible version:
Dear fellow students,
I like the Spring Festival because all the family members will get together and have fun with each other.
Several days before the Spring Festival, we had a thorough cleaning of our house and put on new couplets, hoping for good luck in the coming year. Then we made a long shopping list and bought a lot of food. On the eve of the Spring Festival, all my family had a big feast together and then watched the Spring Festival Gala.
In the following days, we went to visit our neighbors and relatives and gave them our best wishes.
Thank you.
单元测试题2
阅读理解 （共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
?????? Walk into the California home of Anne Belles and her husband, Jim Silcock, and you’ll see kids everywhere playing video games, doing homework, and getting ready for dinner. There are 30 boys in this house and Anne Belles is their mom. Belles has wanted to help children since she was a kid. “I was intrigued by the movie Oliver! in the 1960s, a musical based on the Charles Dickens novel Oliver Twist. I told my mom, ‘That’s what I want to do. ‘”
?????? Anne’s boys are from 3 to 25 years old. All of them are challenged in some way. “They each have special needs — physically, mentally (精神上), or at school,” says Belles.
Every day, a small army of childcare workers, nurses, and volunteers comes in to help cook and clean, wash 30 loads of laundry a day, and take care of health needs.
To find out how much such a large family costs, we followed Jim Silcock to the grocery store. He spent $880 on food for one week. Every month they spend $2,000 to run five cars, $15,000 for the fourteen paid helpers, and more than $10,000 on medical costs. The family receives $26,000 a month from the state government, and makes some money from a family business. All the money is spent on the children; having new clothes and fancy cars isn’t important to Belles.
How do the kids feel? 17-year-old Anthony says, “The family is there whenever I need something ... I feel like I am loved.”
“Everything I’m doing now is what I wanted to happen in my life,” says Anne Belles. “So, no regrets; this is perfect. I couldn’t ask for it to be better — maybe a bigger house, you know, would be nice.”
21. The underlined word “intrigued” in the first paragraph means “_____”.
A. fooled?????????????? ?? B. attracted ????
C. frightened???????? ?? D. disappointed
22. The boys Anne has raised _____.
A. are all ready to accept a challenge
B. all like Oliver Twist
C. all have disabilities
D. are all teenagers
23. For Anne and her husband, raising 30 boys _____.
A. is their dream???? ? ???
B. is no small task
C. is a piece of cake?????? ??
D. is their family tradition
24. What do 17-year-old Anthony’s words mean?
A. He is satisfied with his family.
B. He has learnt how to love others.
C. He wants to get more care and love.
D. He is still looking for his own family.
B
Backpacking in Europe is a wonderful experience for young people around the world. After high school or university, you can plan a European backpacking trip.
Packing
As you plan the things you will carry, bring warm clothes and a raincoat or umbrella to deal with changing weather in different European countries. Europeans like dressing nicely, and good clothes will make you feel less like a dusty backpacker. It is not worth taking the trouble to bring a hair dryer or shampoo, as you can buy basic necessities in Europe.
Hostels
The cheapest places to sleep when backpacking in Europe are hostels (where people can stay and eat fairly cheaply). Most hostels have a lot of information about low-cost ways to see local attractions, and many offer tours. The cost for hostel beds differs from country to country. In Paris, you might pay 30 euros, but in Bulgaria, you can get a bed for 10 euros. In general, hostels are more expensive in large, popular cities such as Paris, Rome and London.
?????? _____
Many backpackers use rail passes (火车通票), which allow unlimited (不受限的) travel within country groups over a period of time. If you have the time to travel by train and will be traveling in a country group, this can be a good deal. Otherwise, you may consider point-to-point tickets, local trains, buses and airlines such as Ryanair, easyJet and Wizz Air, which offer cheap flights.
Food
Eating out in Europe can come with a high cost, and the best way to cut your food budget (预算) is to cook meals in the shared kitchens in hostels. You can make several meals into picnics to take advantage of Europe’s parks. When shopping for your picnic, try and buy at a local market. You save some euros while supporting the local industry at the same time. When eating out, choose restaurants away from tourist attractions.
25. Which of the following is an advantage of hostels?
A. They are often built in popular cities.?
B. They are mainly open to young people.?
C. They usually provide tour information.
D. They always ask the same price for their beds.
26. Which of the following can be put in the blank in the text?
A. Traveling.??????????????? B. Shopping.
C. Entertainment. ??????? D. Transportation.
27. To make a cheap trip in Europe, you’d better _____.??
A. eat meals on the train
B. choose a restaurant near a park
C. enjoy a meal sold at a local market
D. cook your own meals at the hostel kitchen
C
The first day of the month of May is known as May Day. It is the time of year when warmer weather begins. People celebrate the coming of summer with customs that are expressions of joy and hope after a long winter. Today, May Day activities have been moved to the May Day holiday on the first Monday of the month. It is a public holiday when families take advantage of the time off to visit some of the UK’s many attractions, including parks, zoos, historic buildings, ancient towns and villages and beautiful countryside.
May Day celebrations have their origins in the Roman festival of Flora, the goddess of fruit and flowers, which marked the beginning of summer. People would decorate their houses and villages with leaves and flowers they picked at daybreak in the belief that the vegetation spirits would bring good luck. In the very early morning, young girls went into the fields and washed their faces with dew (露水). They believed this made them very beautiful for the following year.
May Day was an important day in the Middle Ages and was a favorite holiday of many English villages. People of the time used to cut down young trees and stick them in the ground in the village to mark the arrival of summer. This is the origin of the maypole (五月柱). People danced around them in celebration of the end of winter. Maypoles were once common all over England and were kept from one year to the next. The tallest maypole is said to have been put up in London on the Strand in 1661. It stood more than 143 feet high and was cut down in 1717, when it was used by Newton to support a new reflecting telescope (反射式望远镜) invented by Dutch scientist Huygens.
28. How do British people celebrate May Day?
A. They visit friends and family members.?
B. They spend a lot of time shopping around.?
C. They show great love for the long winter.
D. They celebrate it on the first Monday of May.
29. The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refers to _____.
A. going into the fields
B. picking flowers at daybreak
C. washing the face with dew
D. getting up early in the morning
30. What can we learn about the maypole??
A. People climb it on May Day.?
B. It dates from the Middle Ages.?
C. It was usually found in the cities.
D. People used old, tall trees to make it.?
31. The purpose of the text is to _____.
A. describe Roman customs
B. introduce a British festival
C. suggest spring family activities
D. explain the origins of maypoles
D
Recently, Odyssey Marine Exploration, a company that specially saves ships that have been destroyed at sea, or recovers the things on them, found some riches from a long-sunken ship called the SS Central America. It pulled in five gold bars and two gold coins weighing a total of 66 pounds. This discovery marks just the beginning of Odyssey’s recovery of treasure from the SS Central America.
In September 1857, the SS Central America left Panama, carrying at least 3 tons of gold coins and bars. It was sailing to New York City to send the gold to Manhattan banks. But along the way, it was caught up in a storm off the coast of South Carolina. The storm destroyed the ship, and caused it to sink. Of the more than 570 people on board, 425 died.
Ocean explorers discovered the ship in 1988. They sent a machine to check the ship and brought back some of the treasure. Altogether, they pulled in a total of 2 tons of gold bars and coins. But the recovery had to stop. Many different groups of people believed that they were the legal owners of the gold. They sued (控告) the recovery team. It took more than 20 years before people decided how to divide the lost treasure. Once this problem was solved, Odyssey Marine Exploration was chosen to pull up the remaining gold.
Recovering the treasure will be expensive. Odyssey believes the remaining treasure could be worth as much as $85 million. The recent discovery shows that the gold on the ship has probably not been stolen. “It means that nobody has come to the ship since 1991, when I was last there,” says Bob Evans, a scientist who was part of the recovery team. Evans cannot wait to see what other surprises the ship may hold.
32. What did Odyssey discover recently?
A. A new coast.??????????????????? B. Some treasure.
C. Many gold coins.???????????? D. A long-sunken ship.
33. What can we learn about the SS Central America?
A. It was found two centuries after it sank.
B. It sank because of the heavy gold.
C. All of its sailors died when it sank.
D. There is at least one ton of gold left on it now.
34. How does Bob Evans feel about the coming recovery?
A. Worried.?????? ??????????????????? B. Doubtful.?
C. Hopeful.?????? ??????????????????? D. Uninterested.
35. What is the main idea of the text?
A. A lost ship has been found.
B. New ways to find treasure.
C. Gold is being recovered underwater.
D. The secrets of the undersea world.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What do you do in a situation like this? You’re eating dinner with friends in a nice restaurant. You’re having a great time when a phone rings at the table next to you. A man takes out his phone and starts talking loudly about problems he’s having with his girlfriend. He talks for almost ten minutes! ?36?
Many people find cell phones useful in their day-to-day lives. But we’ve all sat next to someone talking too loudly on a cell phone. You may want to tell the loudmouth to end the conversation, but let the management take care of noisy customers. ?37 ?Here are a few rules:
?????? ? Off means off!? 38 ?If a sign says “turn off cell phones”, don’t use your phone.
?????? ? ?39 ?Speak softly and for a short time. Try to move away from other people.
? Lights off, phone off! Never take calls in a theater or at the movies.
? ?40 ?Talking on a cell phone while driving is dangerous. And watch where you’re going when you’re walking down the street and talking on the phone.
As more people use cell phones, things are only going to get worse. So, the next time you’re getting ready to make a call, stop and consider the people around you.
A. Pay attention!
B. Try to make yourself understood!
C. Keep private conversations private!
D. You can only control your own behavior.
E. Always make yourself available to your phone.
F. Follow the rules of restaurants and other public places.
G. This happens all the time — on buses, in restaurants, everywhere!
第三部分： 语言知识运用 （共两节，满分45分）
第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
At about 10 P.M. on September 7, 2013, Tommy Barber and his friend Susan Laney were stepping out of the elevator of her apartment building when both of them ?41 ?smoke. “My dogs!” Susan shouted with ?42 ?as she ran down the hall to her apartment. Tommy, 54, who is ?43 , walked toward the smoke.
“I was ?44 ?across from Susan’s apartment door; I took four or five steps to the right, and smoke hit me right in the face,” he says. “I ?45 ?the door, shouting, ‘Anybody home?’? 46?nobody answered.”
Suddenly the door opened, and ?47 ?smoke came out. Tommy heard coughing and reached behind the door, waving his arm until he ?48 ?someone. It was Diane Marshall, who lived there. He grabbed her arm and pulled her into the hall, then ran back to the ?49 ?apartment.
Then he and Susan picked up the fire extinguisher (灭火器). While Tommy held it, he ?50 ?Susan to use it to fight the fire. ?51 , the fire finally died down.
Diane had fallen asleep with a cooking pot on the stove (炉子), and it had ?52 ?fire. She later called Tommy to ?53 ?him. “I could have died,” she told a local news station.
As it turned out, ?54 ?fires was second nature to Tommy — he had been a ??55 ?with the St. Lucie County Fire District for about a year in the 1980s. He ?56 ?a serious eye disease in 2000 and lost his sight.
Last November, the St. Lucie County Fire District awarded him and Susan the Citizen Hero Award for their ?57 ?actions. When asked what he ?58 ?at that time, Tommy said, “I wasn’t ?59 ?at all. I just knew it was ?60 ?I had to do.”
41. A. blew?????????????????????B. saw???? C. smelled?????????????????????D. produced
42. A. anger ? ???????????????B. surprise ??? C. fear?????????? ??????????????D. joy
43. A. blind??? ????????????????B. deaf?????????? C. lost??????????? ??????????????D. hurt
44. A. sitting???????????????????B. standing???? C. exercising??????????????? D. working
45. A. locked ? ? ? ? ? ?B. opened????????????? C. came into????????????????D. knocked on
46. A. So?????????????????????????B. But ????????? C. Because ????????????????D. Unless
47. A. no??????? ????????????????B. less??????????? C. more ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. other
48. A. left ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. felt??????????? C. recognized??????????????? ?D. remembered
49. A. middle-sized ? ??B. well-decorated??C. old-fashioned??????D. smoke-filled
50. A. taught?????????????????B. allowed????? C. forced ? ? ? ? ? ?D. wanted
51. A. Sadly ? ? ? ? ? ?B. Usually???????????? C. Suddenly????????????D. Luckily
52. A. caught? ??????????????B. attracted???? C. prevented?? ????????D. used
53. A. invite ? ? ? ? ? ?B. know??????????????? C. thank ? ? ? ? ? ? D. support
54. A. making ? ? ? ? ?B. feeding???????????? C. fighting ? ? ? ? ?D. lighting
55. A. doctor ? ? ? ? ? B. survivor??????????? C. doorkeeper??????????D. fireman
56. A. found ? ? ? ? ? B. developed?? C. treated ? ? ? ? ? ?D. spread
57. A. free ? ? ? ? ? ? B. brave???????? C. further ? ? ? ? ? D. official
58. A. did ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. said?????????? C. thought ? ? ? ? ?D. had
59. A. interested???????????B. worried???????????C. excited ? ? ? ? ?D. frightened
60. A. nothing ? ? ? ? B. everything? C. anything ? ? ? ? D. something?
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分： 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
If you visit a supermarket in the UK in March or April, you will notice a strange thing: Shelf after shelf is filled with large, brightly-colored eggs.
Look a little 61. ________ (close) and you will discover something else. These eggs aren’t real. In fact, they 62. ________ (make) of chocolate. And that can mean only one thing — it’s Easter time again.
Easter is a festival 63. ________ has been celebrated in Britain for thousands of years. These days we mark the occasion (场合) by 64. ________ (give) each other chocolate eggs, or Easter eggs. But what are the roots of this 65. ________ (tradition) event?
For Christian people Easter is a religious festival. According 66. ________ the Bible, Jesus Christ was killed by the Romans 67. ________ came back to life three days later. That is 68. ________ Easter is seen as a time of rebirth.
However, some people suggest that Easter has its origins in pre-Christian times. They say that the very earliest societies celebrated the end of winter and the beginning of spring — the time 69. ________ life returns to the land.
Whatever its origins, Easter is big business. The UK’s biggest retailer (零售商) of Easter eggs sold more than 20 million units last year and some Easter eggs 70. ________ cost more than ￡20!
第四部分： 写作 （共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
?????? 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
?????? 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
?????? 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
?????? 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
?????? 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
My mother has a pair of eye which can speak. Whatever I meet difficulties, her eyes will encourage me and cheer me up. When I began learning to walk, Mom always lend me a hand and encouraged me to stand up when I fell down. As I final threw myself into her arms, her eyes smiled by praise. After I started the school, Mom’s eyes still encouraged myself. When I failed my English exam, Mom helped me find out the reasons instead punishing me. Now I have grown up and become independence. However, I can always see my mother’s encouraged eyes wherever I go.
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
假设你是李华，你的笔友Tom对中国文化非常感兴趣，他和他的家人准备今年来中国过春节，写信向你咨询相关事宜。请根据所给提示，用英语给他回一封电子邮件。内容包括：
1. 春节在中国文化中的重要性；
2. 主要的庆祝活动和方式；
3. 旅游注意事项：选好参观的城市、提前预定宾馆等。
?????? 注意：1. 词数120左右（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数）；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
?????? I’m glad to hear that you and your family are visiting China during the Spring Festival.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
?????? I wish you a pleasant journey in China.?
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
21-25 BCBAC?? ? 26-30 DDDCB
31-35 BBDCC???? ????? 36-40 GDFCA?????? ?????? 41-45 CCABD
46-50 BCBDA??????? ??? 51-55 DACCD????? 56-60 BBCDD
61. closer? ?????????? ????62. are made? ????? 63. that / which
64. giving???????????? ???? 65. traditional?? ?? 66. to
67. but?? ???????????? ????????? 68. why?
69. when / in which???????????????????? 70. can
短文改错：
71. ... a pair of eye ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? eye → eyes??
72. Whatever I meet ... ???????????????????? Whatever → Whenever / When
73. ... lend me a hand ...?????? ? ?????????? lend → lent??
74. As I final ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? final → finally? ?
75. ... smiled by praise. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? by → with ??
76. ... started the school ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?去掉the?
77. ... still encouraged myself. ? ? ? ? ? ?myself → me??????
78. ... instead punishing ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? instead后加of??????
79. ... become independence. ? ? ? ? ? ?independence → independent
80. ... encouraged eyes ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?encouraged → encouraging
One possible version:
Dear Tom,
I’m glad to hear that you and your family are visiting China during the Spring Festival.
The Spring Festival is one of the most important festivals in China. It is an occasion when family members get together and have a good rest. Before the festival, we clean our houses and decorate them with red couplets and pictures, which express our best wishes for the coming new year. During the festival, we visit relatives. Children are given lucky money in red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, from which you can learn more about Chinese culture. In the north of China the special food for the Spring Festival is dumpling.
Please decide which cities you are going to visit and book the hotel rooms in advance.
I wish you a pleasant journey in China.?
课件50张PPT。Unit 1Unit 1
Festivals around the world情态动词用法Modal verbs such as may, might,
will, would, can, could, shall, should, and must are used for many purposes. Find the sentences in the reading passage that use modal verbs. 1 Most ancient festivals would celebrate
the end of cold weather, …
2 Sometimes celebrations would be held
after hunters had caught animals.3 At that time people would starve if
food was difficult to find
4 …or to satisfy the ancestor, who might
return either to help or to do harm.
5 For the Japanese festival Obon,
people should go to clean graves…
6 …this will lead the ancestor back to
earth.7 It is now a children’s festival, when
they can dress up and go…
8 …the children might play a trick on
them.
9 Festivals can also be held to honour
famous people.
10 Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals
can be very happy events.11 In European countries, people will
usually decorate … and will get
together…
12 Some people might win awards for
their…
13 At the Spring Festival in China,
people… may give children lucky money
in red paper.
14 These carnivals might include parades,
dancing in the streets…Read the sentences below and discuss with a partner how each of these modal verbs is being used in the situations. Use the suggestions in the box to help you. Some may have more than one answer.ability, advice, agreement, guessing, past habit, necessity, permission, possibility, prediction, promise, request1. can and could
Jim isn’t very good at maths or science, but he can speak English very well.
Our history test was so long last week that no one could finish it.
It was the last day of school, but the teacher said that we could not leave early.abilityabilitypermissionThe hunters have been lost for days. They could starve.
Could you please show me the way to Beihai Park? possibilityrequest2. may and might
What award did you get for the sports competition? May I have a look?
Our football team didn’t play very well today, but we might do better tomorrow.possibilitypermission/ request3. will and would
During the Spring Festival time the whole family will come for dinner.
My uncle was poor but liked fashion, so he would often dress up as a rich man.
Are you free this Saturday? Would you like to join my family for dinner?promise/ predictionpast habitrequest4. shall and should
The harvest festival begins on Saturday. We shall be there with our friends.
When going by plane, you should arrive at the airport at least one hour early.
It’s nearly time for class to start. The teacher should be here soon.promiseadviceprediction5. must and can’t
When you eat fish you must be careful with the bones.
Wang Feng has won the English competition three times. He must be very smart.
A man landed on Mars? You must be joking. That can’t be true.advice/ necessityguessingguessing情态动词的特点1) 情态动词不能单独做谓语, 除ought和have 外, 后面只能接不带to的不定式。 2) 情态动词无人称数的变化, 但有些情态动词 如can, will也有一般式和过去式的变化。3)?情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区别的 主要标志, 不少情况下, 情态动词的现在式 形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时 间、过去时间和将来时间。只作情态动词 can / could, may /
might, ought to, must
可情态可实义 　 need, dare
可情态可助动词 shall / should, will /
would
相当于情态动词 have to, used to1) can的主要用法是：
A.?表示体力或脑力的能力：
e.g. The girl can dance very well.
B.?表示说话的推测、事物的可能性等:
e.g. Can the news be true?
C. 在口语中, can可以表示请求或允许:
e.g. Can I sit here? can和couldcan表示“能够”时与短语be able to同义，但can只用于一般现在时或过去时，而后者可用于各种时态。另外，can表示个人有某种能力，而be able to表示某人通过努力、克服困难做成某事，相当于succeed in doing sth.；叙述过去事实时，最好用was / were able to，因为could只表示过去具有某种能力。如：
Can you understand the different kinds of English these people are using?
Two years later, he was able to speak Chinese very well.2) could的主要用法是：
A. could是can的过去式, 表示与过去有
关的能力和推测:
e.g. We all knew that the young man
couldn’t be a doctor.
B. could可以代替can表示请求, 但语气
较can客气、委婉: e.g. Could you lend me your dictionary?
Could I use your bike?
3) can和could接动词的完成形式，表示可
能已经做某事。can用在否定和疑问句
中, 表示不相信、怀疑等态度。
　e.g. They can’t have gone out because
the light is still on.以could或would提问时，不能再以could或would作答，而应该用can或will。如：
— Could I borrow your dictionary?
— Yes, of course you can.may和might
may常用来表示：
A. 表示请求、允许;比can较为正式:
?? e.g. May I come in?
You may go now.
B. 表示说话人的猜测: “也许”、“可能”:
通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。e.g. -- I believe the man is from England.
-- But I may be wrong.
The guest may arrive this afternoon.
在肯定句中，may的可能性比can
高，may表示现实的可能性，can表示理
论上的可能性。如： The road may be blocked.
这条路可能不通了。
The road can be blocked.
这条路可能会是不通的。
在疑问句中，表示可能性用can。
如：Where can he be?
他会在哪呢？C. 表示祝愿; 但语气较正式:
e.g. May you succeed!
May you have a good journey!
might的用法有:
多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许。
e.g. She said that he might take her bike.
她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。 除了在间接引语中以外，might一般
不表示过去的可能或者许可。如要表示过
去的可能可以用could, 表示过去的许可可
以用was (were) allowed to或者had
permission to。
表示现在的可能，其可能性要比may小。e.g. She might go home tomorrow.
说不定他明天会回家。
表示现在的许可, 语气比may较委婉,
一般用于疑问句(包括间接疑问句), 不可
用于肯定句或者否定句。
e.g. Might I have a word with you?
我可以和你说句话吗？will 和 would 1. will是助动词或是情态动词？
will用于构成将来时是助动词。用于
表示“意志”“决心”“请求”是情态动词。
would亦同理。
e.g. I will tell you something important.
我要告诉你一些重要的事。
（助动词）? Will you tell her that I’m here?
请您告诉她说我在这儿，好吗？
（情态动词） ?
2. 在疑问句中用于第二人称，提出请求
或询问。
e.g. If you want help - let me know,
will you?
如果你需要帮助, 让我知道, 好吗? Will you type this, please?
请打印这个, 好吗？ ?
Won’t you sit down?
请坐下, 好吗？
3. would比will客气委婉。
e.g. Would you help us, please?
请您帮助我们，好吗？（表请求）I’d go there with you.
我要和你一块到那儿去。?
Teacher wouldn’t allow it.
老师不会允许这件事。（表意愿）（表许可）shall和should1. shall用于构成将来时是助动词。
shall用于征求对方的意见，表示“决
心”是情态动词。
e.g. Perhaps I shall pay a visit to
England this winter.
可能今年冬天我会去英国观光。
（构成一般将来时, 助动词） Shall we go by train, Mom?
妈妈，我们乘火车去好吗？
（用于征求对方的意见，情态动词）
I shall go at once.
我必须立即去。
（表“决心”，情态动词） shall可以用于第一、三人称的疑问句，表示征求意见或许可；还可用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示允诺、警告、命令或威胁等。
e.g. You shall be punished if you break
the rule.2. should表示义务、建议、劝告，意为 “应该”。“should+ have+过去分词”
表示本应该在过去做但没有做。
e.g. You should keep your promise.
你应该遵守诺言。
She should have passed the exam.
她应该通过考试的。must和have?to1. must用于一般问句中, 肯定回答用must 否定式用needn’t或don’t have to，做 “不必”, mustn’t表示“禁止，不允许” ?— Must?I?finish?all?assignments?at?a?time? ??— Yes, you must. /No,?you?needn’t. e.g. I don’t like this TV set. We must
buy a new one.
There was no more bus. They had
to walk home.2. 表示“必须”这个意思时，must和 have?to稍有区别。must着重说明主观
看法，have?to强调客观需要。另外， have?to能用于更多时态。 e.g. You?must?be?the?new?teacher. ?
He?must?be?joking.
There?is?nobody?here.?They?
must?have?all gone?home. 3. must表示对某人某事的猜测, 作“准 是”, “一定” , 一般用于肯定句中。对过 去发生的事情作肯定判断用must have done。e.g. He must come and worry her with
question, just when she was busy
cooking the dinner.
Of course, after I gave her my
advice, she must go and do the
opposite.4. must表示“偏要, 硬要”, 指做令人不 快的事情。can / could, may / might, should和 must都可表示肯定的推测。can / could表示客观可能性；may表示推测时，其语气不肯定；might语气更弱，表示某事实际发生的可能性；should 表示确定或可能有的未来或期待；must表示比较肯定的语气。如：I think advertisements can be quite dangerous.
The newcomer may be dismissed by the company.
The rescue team should arrive by 5 o’clock this afternoon.
I think the old woman must be a nice person.could, might, would, should都可表示委婉语气。如:
I wonder if you could let me use your cell phone.
Might I know your telephone number?【即学即练】用适当的情态动词（含否定形式）补全下面的对话。
Tom: It’s raining hard. 1. ________ you
mind sharing your umbrella with
me?
Rose: Of course not. By the way, one of
our rules is that every student 2.
_____ wear school uniform
while at school, right?
Tom: Yes. You must be a newcomer here. WouldshallRose: That’s true. I moved here last
Monday. Are you going to see the
film in our school tonight?
Tom: Yes. Our foreign teacher 3.
___________ come with us tonight,
but he isn’t sure. He may be at his
office. Let’s ask him to go with us.
Rose: I saw him leave his office half an
hour ago. He 4. ______ be working
there at this time. might/ maycan’t I hear you’ve got a lot of valuable
Australian coins. 5.
______________________ I have a look?
Tom: What a pity! My father requires that
they 6. ________ not be brought to
school. If you’re free, I will show you
them at my home next Monday.
Rose: Wonderful. Where were you last
Saturday night? I knocked at the door
of your dorm, but nobody answered it. shouldMay / Might / Can / CouldTom: I was tired after a long hike.
Therefore, I 7. _____ have been asleep.
Rose: I’ve heard that my friend Joe met
with an accident during the trip.
Tom: Don’t worry; he 8. __________ not have
been hurt seriously. He will leave
hospital early next Monday.
Rose: I 9. _________________________ have
paid a visit to him last Sunday, but
something unexpected happened.
Tom: We can go to the hospital to visit him
this Sunday Morning. may/ mightmustcould / would / should / mightUse modal verbs to ask and answer questions based on the situations below. Try to use each modal verb at least once.1. You want to invite your friend to come to a party on Sunday.
2. You want to be a doctor, so you ask your teacher about what subjects to study.
3. You want to ask your mum for permission to go with your friends to the cinema.课件52张PPT。Unit 1Unit 1
Festivals around the world1. Discuss when they take place, what they celebrate and what people do at that time.take place发生；举行e.g. Halloween, which takes place every
year on October 31, is an important
event in many Western countries.
The Olympic Games take place
every four years. 【自我归纳】take place意为“____________”，无_____语态。 发生，进行被动[辨析] take place & happen
★ take place常指某事按规律、预先安排
或计划而发生或进行。如：
The next meeting will take place
tomorrow.★ happen常指客观事物或情况偶然、不可预料地发生，和不定式连用时，表示“碰巧发生”。如：
The fire happened at midnight.
I happened to be out when my sister called.【即学即练】翻译下列句子。
1. 星期六晚上将举行舞会。
______________________________________
2. 昨天我在去书店的路上碰巧遇到了彼得。
_____________________________________
____________________________________The dance will take place on Saturday night.I happened to meet Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday.2. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months.
________________________________
________________________________。在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们就会挨饿starve
1) vt. & vi. (使)饿死；(使)饥饿；挨饿。
e.g. Many people starved to death because of
the famine.
?????? 那次饥荒中有许多人饿死了。
?????? Many people starve themselves to control
their weight.
?????? 好多人为了控制体重而挨饿。
?????? They would rather starve than give in.?
?????? 他们宁愿挨饿也不妥协。 2) vi. 渴望；需要，常跟for短语或动词不定式。
e.g. I think these flowers are starving for
water.
?????? 我觉得这些花需要浇水。
3) vi. 饿得要死（用在口语中）。
e.g. Please prepare some food for me. I’m
starving!
?????? 给我准备些吃的！我快饿死了！【即学即练】
根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. 我一直很想与你见面。
I’ve been ________ ___ ____ ____.
2. 晚饭吃什么? 我饿极了!
What’s for dinner? I ____ _________!starving to see you?am starving3. Today’s festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events.
现在的节日有很多由来，一些是宗教上的，一些是季节性的，一些是纪念特殊的人和事件的。[寓词于境]
阅读下列句子，猜测origin的意思。
1) It’s a book about the origin of the
universe. ____________
2) This particular custom has its origins
in Wales. ____________
3) She tries to hide her upper-class
origins, but her accent gives her away.
____________起源，源头来源，由来出身，血统[拓展]
original? adj. 原来的，最初的；独创的
? ? ? ? n. 原作；原型
originally adv. 原来，起初；新颖地
originate? v. 发源，来自；创始，开创[即学即练]
用以上词的适当形式填空。
1) He’s writing a dictionary that explains
the _______ of words.
2) My job is to think up creative and
_______ advertising ideas.
3) __________ it was a bedroom, but we
turned it into a study.
4) How did the tradition of wearing
costumes on Halloween ________?origin?originalOriginally??originate4. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense ____________ their ancestors.
在日本的盂兰盆节，人们要扫墓、烧香，以缅怀祖先。
in memory of是介词短语，意为“纪念；追念”。如：
The library was built in memory of the scientist.
2) The building was named Ford Hall in memory of a man named James Ford.in memory of[拓展]
类似的in ... of短语还有：
in (the) face of 在……面前，不顾
in (the) front of 在……前面
in time of 在……时
in charge of _______________
in praise of 赞美；歌颂
in honour of 为了纪念……；为了 向……表示敬意负责；掌管___________ 寻找
in place of 代替，取代
___________ 需要in search of[小试] 用以上部分短语完成下列句子。
1. The film was made __________________
those who lost their lives to protect the
Tibetan Antelope.
2. ______________ so many difficulties,
the workers didn’t lose heart.in memory/honour of?In (the) face ofin need of5. It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours’ homes to ask for sweets. 万圣节如今成了孩子们的节日，这天他们可以乔装打扮上邻居家要糖吃。 dress up 打扮；穿上盛装
e.g. Do we have to __________________
__________________? 参加她的
生日宴会，我们得打扮打扮吗？ dress up to attend her birthday party[拓展]
dress up / dress sb. up意为“把某人打扮起来；给……穿上某种衣服”。如：
The boys were all dressed up as pirates.
这些男孩子都装扮成了海盗。6. If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.
如果邻居什么糖也没给，那么孩子们就 可以捉弄他们了。play a trick on
总结play a trick on的意思。
1) The boys hid John’s bike to play a trick on him.2) Please do not play a trick on that poor boy.
3) People play tricks on each other on
April Fool’s Day.【归纳】
play a trick / tricks on意为“__________________”，on后面多接表示人的名词或代词。搞恶作剧，开玩笑【拓展】
The teacher plays a very active part in this type of classroom activity.
She wondered if the others were playing a joke on her.
① play a part (in)意为“_________________________________”;② play a joke / jokes on意为“________________________”。如：扮演一个角色；参与；起……的作用开（某人的）玩笑；戏弄用合适的短语翻译下列句子。
1. 你哥哥刚才是跟你开玩笑的。
2. 说在英语学习中起重要作用。Speaking plays an important part in English learning.Your brother played a trick / joke on you just now.7. India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.
印度在10月2日有个全国性节日，纪念莫汉达斯·甘地，他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。
此句中 Mohandas Gandhi和the leader是同位语，the leader指的就是Mohandas Gandhi这个人。又如:
Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother’s who is the top student in their class.
昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆, 他是他们班最好的学生。
Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。8. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster.
有些人还可能因为他们的农产品（参加各种评选）而获奖，比如最大的西瓜或最帅的公鸡。[寓词于境] 阅读下列句子，注意award的意思和用法。
1. She was awarded the first prize for her
excellent performance.
2. The judge awarded her 200 dollars.
3. His horse was given the highest award
at the show.
[自我归纳] award作动词，意思是___________, 常见搭配是award sb. sth., award后跟双宾语；award 还可作_____词，意思是______。授予、判定 名 奖品 award侧重指经过正式裁定而给予的荣誉或在某项评比竞赛中获胜而得到的奖赏。
reward侧重指对某人所做的某件好事、好的行为等的报答、酬谢。
prize多指在竞赛中获胜或有特殊贡献时所得的奖励。 award, reward与prize选出最佳选项。
1) Ann Bancroft, an American author, teacher, and adventurer, received a number of _____ and honors for her adventures.
A. prizes B. rewards
C. harvests D. awardsD2) It is the first time that she has been ____ second prize in the English Speaking Competition.
A. rewarded B. awarded
C. included D. harvested B 9. …, when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy mooncakes. [寓词于境] 阅读下列句子，注意admire的
意思和搭配。
1. I admire you for your wonderful speech.
2. I don’t agree with her, but I admire her
for sticking to her principles.
3. Come and admire the view![自我归纳] admire意思是___________（句1、句2）， ______（句3）；常用搭配是admire sb. for (doing) sth.。
[拓展] admirer n. 仰慕者；admiration n. 钦佩钦佩、赞赏 欣赏 用admire的适当形式填空。
1. She speaks English so well that all her
friends are filled with __________.
2. Mary and her many ________ came in.
3. I really ______ the way she brings up
those kids all on her own.即学即练admirersadmirationadmire10. The most energetic and important
festivals are the ones that look forward
to the end of winter and the coming of
spring.
最富生气而又最重要的节日，就是告
别冬天，迎来春天的日子。阅读下列句子，并试着归纳look forward to的意思及用法。
1. We are all looking forward to our
holiday.
2. Jim has been working hard and looks
forward to spending his vacation lying
on the beach doing nothing.
【自我归纳】
look forward to意为“期待，盼望”，其后跟名词（句1）或___________（句2）。动词-ing形式【拓展】常见的含look的短语：
look after 照看，照顾
look at 朝……看，思考，考虑，研究
look for _______
_______ 向上看，仰望，查找，检查
【即学即练】用含look的短语的正确形式填空。
1. My mother says she misses you very
much and is ______________ meeting you.
2. When he went to Europe, Mr. Jenkins
left his son to ________ the business.寻找look uplooking forward tolook after 3. If you don’t know the meaning of a
word, ____ it ___ in the dictionary.look up11. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.as though 仿佛，好像
as though / if引导的从句中，谓语动词一般用虚拟语气，be动词常用were；但是当从句描述的情况与事实相符时，常用陈述语气。
e.g. I’ve loved you as though / if you were my
son.（虚拟语气）
It looks as though / if it is going to rain.
（陈述语气）当从句主语和主句主语一致, 从句谓语中又含有be动词时, 可以把主语和be一起省去。
e.g. He looked about as though (he was) in
search of something.
他四处张望, 好像寻找什么。12. Some festivals are held to honour the dead or
to satisfy the ancestors, who might return
either to help or to do harm.
【分析】
① 本句是一个主从复合句。
② 主句为Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors，其中or连接两个动词不定式短语作目的状语；who引导一个非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词________，其中either ... or ... 连接 to help与to do harm作目的状语。ancestors13. They also light lamps and play music
because they think that this will lead
the ancestors back to earth.
【分析】
① 本句是一个主从复合句。
② 主句为They also light lamps and play music，其中and连接两个并列的谓语动词light和_____；从句是由because引导的原因状语从句，在此从句中又包含一个由that引导的宾语从句。play【句意】他们还点起灯笼、奏响乐曲，因为他们认为这样做可以把祖先引回到世上。
【仿写】他们还利用业余时间唱歌、跳舞，因为他们清楚这可以给生活增添乐趣。
They _________________ in their spare time _______________________ this will add enjoyment to their life.also sing and dance because they know clearly14. People are grateful because their food is
gathered for the winter and the
agricultural work is over.
① 本句是一个主从复合句。
② 主句是People are grateful，because引导
原因状语从句。
③ because引导的原因状语从句由and 连接
的两个并列分句their food is gathered for
the winter 和the agricultural work is over
构成。【句意】越冬的粮食收集起来了，农活结束了，人们都心怀感激。
【仿写】 ____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
（孩子们很高兴，因为父母已经准备了丰盛的晚餐，而且外公外婆也来了。）Children are happy because their parents have prepared a wonderful dinner and their grandparents have come.15. People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other.阅读下列句子，注意have fun的意思及用
法。
1. The children were having so much fun, I
hated to call them inside.
2. The children are having a lot of fun with
the building blocks.
3. If you are having fun (in) learning
English, you’re studying in the right
way.【自我归纳】
have fun意为“__________”，相当于enjoy
oneself。______________表示“玩……玩得
很开心”（句2）；have fun后可接in doing
sth., 其中in可省略（句3）。【拓展】
for fun 为了高兴
in fun 开玩笑地，不是当真的
make fun of sb. 取笑某人，嘲弄某人玩得开心have fun with【即学即练】汉译英。
1. 今天我们骑自行车去海滩，玩得很开
心。
2. 她意识到自己正在被取笑。
3. 她学弹钢琴就是为了消遣。We had fun riding our bicycles to the beach today.She realized she was being made fun of.She learns to play the piano just for fun.根据汉语提示完成下面短文。
The festival __________ (发生) between June 6 and 8 of each year ____________ (纪念) a famous hero in the history of the town. The hero helped the country to _____ (赢得) independence. All people have been _________________ (盼望) it a few weeks before its coming. takes placein memory ofgainlooking forward toWhen the festival actually comes, people will ________ (盛装打扮) and ______ (出发) for the central square very early in the morning, and ______ (集合) in the square, singing and dancing. Many kinds of games are held too, and those who play well will __________ (被授予) a prize. One of the most popular games is to see who is able to run to a big tree within the shortest time. dress upset offgatherbe awardedPeople _______ (羡慕) the winners very much. However, they often ___________________ (开玩笑) them. For example, they may take off the winners’ hats suddenly without telling them. There are also a lot of strange _______ (风俗) during the festival. It is clear that all of the people ______________ (玩得很开心). admireplay a trick / tricks oncustomshave a lot of fun1. Review the language points and difficult sentences we have learned this class.
2. Finish exercises 1, 2, and 3 on page 4.课件29张PPT。Unit 1Unit 1
Festivals around the worldFebruary ____________Dec. ________January ________FESTIVALSNational DayChristmasDragon Boat
FestivalMid-Autumn
FestivalSpring FestivalArmy DayWhat festivals do you know?New YearMarch ___________April __________May ________June ______________July ________August ________Sep. ________Oct. ________Nov. ________Thanksgiving DayWomen’s DayApril Fools’ DayFound a party saving Labour DayWhen do they celebrate? Spring Festival
Lantern Festival
Dragon Boat Festival
Mid-autumn Day
Easter
Halloween
Christmas Daya. October 31
b. May 5 at lunar
calendar
c. December 25
d. August 15 at lunar
calendar
e. January 15 at lunar
calendar
f. January 1 at lunar
calendar
g. around March 22—
April 251. What festivals or celebrations do you have in your city or town? What part of a festival do you like best- the activities, the music, the sights, the food or the people who visit?Work in groups and talk about the two questions.Pre-reading2. Look at the pictures and title of the passage. Discuss in pairs what
kind of information you think will be introduced in the passage.Read through the passage and find out how many types of festivals are mentioned in the passage?1. Ancient festivals
2. Festivals of the Dead
3. Festivals to Honor People
4. Harvest Festivals
5. Spring FestivalsScanningSkimming Read the text quickly and fill in the blanks.The text mainly tells us about some of today’s festivals. There are ____ kinds of festivals. Some are ________, some are ________ and some are for special people or events.seasonal4religiousWhat festivals are mentioned in each paragraph?Para. 1 Ancient Festivals
What did the ancient festivals celebrate?
Ancient festivals celebrated ______________________, _________________ and ________________; celebrated when hunters had caught animals.the end of cold weatherplanting in springharvest in autumnPara. 2 Festivals of the Dead
Japan ----- ______
_______------ the Day of the Dead
America ------ _________Para. 3 Festivals to Honour People
Match the country with the festival.ObonMexicoHalloweenfestival to honour Gandhi
Columbus Day
The Dragon Boat FestivalChina
USA
IndiaPara. 4 Harvest Festivals
European and other countries -----
__________________________________
China and Japan -----__________________Para. 5 Festivals that looking forward to the end of winter and the coming of spring.
China ----- ______________
Some Western countries -----
________________________________
Japan ----- _______________________Harvest and Thanksgiving FestivalsMid-Autumn festivalsSpring FestivalEaster and related holidaysCheery Blossom FestivalRead the passage carefully and answer the questions with the help of the pictures.Careful readingWhat would people celebrate at these three times of a year?
__________________ _______________, and ________________.Ancient Festivalsthe end of cold weather, planting in spring
harvest in autumnWhat kinds of things are done to honour the dead?Mexican Day of the Dead______________________________Festivals of the DeadEat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them Offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. Obon (日本盂兰盆节) _________________________________________________clean graves light lamps and incenseWhat do you know about Halloween? HalloweenIt is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours’ homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.______________________What festival can you think of that honours famous people in China? Festivals to Honour Peoplethe Dragon Boat Festival _______________Columbus DayWhat festival that honours famous people in the USA? Harvest Festivals Thanksgiving DayDo you know any harvest celebrations in China?______________________Mid-autumn Festival Spring FestivalsWhat’s the right time order of the
following festivals?
Easter
b. Cherry Blossom Festival
c. Western carnivals
c; a; b B. c; b; a
C. a; b; c D. a; c; b1) What are festivals of the dead usually for?
Festivals of the dead are for honouring or satisfying dead ancestors or others, who some people believe might return to help or harm living people.Use the information from the reading
passage to answer the following questions.Post reading2) What makes autumn festivals happy events?
Autumn festivals are happy events because people are thankful that food is ready for winter and the hard farm work is finished.3) What do people usually do at spring festivals?
At spring festivals, people usually have dances, carnivals and other activities to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring.4) What is one important reason to have festivals and celebrations?
It is important to have festivals and celebrations so we can enjoy life/ be proud of our customs/ forget our work for a little while.DiscussionWhich festivals do you think are the most important and which are the most fun?1. Go over the text, write a summary of the text (about 100 words) and retell the text according to your summary.2. Try to find out as much information as possible about festivals around the world. You can surf the Internet or refer to the books.课件58张PPT。Unit 1Unit 1
Festivals around the worldUsing
languageListening and speakingLook at the pictures of the Trinidad Carnival. Discuss with your partner what kind of activities the Carnival might have. Find Trinidad on the map. Predict what kind of problems someone might have when going to such a carnival.Carnival Li Mei and Wu Ping are going with their friends Carla and Hari to the Carnival parade. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions. Part 1
1. What is wrong with Li Mei’s clothing and shoes?
Li Mei’s clothing is too thick and her shoes are not comfortable enough to walk in for a long time.2. What advice does Carla give Li Mei?
Carla suggests that Li Mei change her shoes to something more comfortable, wear some lighter and cooler clothing and also take a hat. Part 2
3. Why is it important for them to have water?
It is important for them to have water because it is very hot and they will be doing a lot of walking.4. Why is it difficult for them to hear each other?
It is difficult for them to hear each other because the music is very loud.5. Why do they plan to meet at the parking lot at 8 o’clock?
They plan to meet at the parking lot at 8 o’clock because they might get separated in the crowd.停车场Imagine you have just visited your friends in Trinidad and seen the Carnival. Make a phone call to invite your friends to a Chinese festival. In pairs make a conversation of at least five turns each. Be ready to present your conversation to the class.Useful expressionsMaking phone calls
May I speak to …?
Can I ring/ call back later?
Hold/ Hang on, please.
I’ll ring him/ her up again.
Just a moment, please.
Sorry, he/ she isn’t here right now.Invitations
I wonder if you are interested in…
I’d like to invite you to…
Would you like…?
Could/ Would you please…?
I’m looking forward to…
I’d love to, but…Thanks
Thank you so much.
Thanks a lot.
That’s very kind of you.
You’re most welcome.
Don’t mention it.
It’s a pleasure.ReadingA Sad Love Story Chinese people believe that the star Vega (织女星), east of the Milky Way, is Zhi Nü and, at the constellation of Aquila (天鹰座),
on the western side
of the Milky Way,
Niu Lang waits for
his wife. Well-known poem Eternal love between us two, Shall withstand the time apart.两情若是久长时,又岂在朝朝暮暮。Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks.turn up apologizeforgiveflowers and chocolatessecretlyfell in lovethe Milky Wayangryseventh dayheart-broken Answer the questions. 1. How did Li Fang know the manager
wanted to shut the coffee shop?
The manager wiped the tables and then sat down and turned on the TV.
2. What was Li Fang afraid that Hu Jin
was doing?
He was afraid that she was with her friends laughing at him.3. Why was the TV story what Li Fang needed?
The TV story was a sad story about lost love -- the same situation as Li Fang.
4. Why do people want the weather to be fine on Qiqiao Festival?
People want the weather to be fine so they can meet the one they love.5. What is the reason why Li Fang and
Hu Jin did not meet on time?
They did not meet on time because Li Fang waited in the coffee shop and Hu Jin waited in the tea shop.6. Why was Li Fang so worried at the end of the story?
He was worried because he had thrown away the gifts for Hu Jin--the chocolates and roses so he had nothing to give her and he thought she would not forgive him.The weaving girl Zhinü, the granddaughter of the Goddess of Heaven, met the herd boy Niulang and ____ ___ ____ _____ him. Then they ___ ________ secretly and lived __ ______ ____. fell inlove withgot marrieda happy lifeFill in the blanks to complete the passage.But when the Goddess of Heaven knew it, she ___ ____ _____ _____ it and force Zhinü to _____ ____ to Heaven. Niulang did ____ __ _____ to follow her, but the Milky Way stopped him.
When Zhinü’s grandmother _____ that was very angry aboutcome backwhat he couldfoundZhinü was __ ____ ______, she finally _______ the couple ________ cross the Milky Way once a year. This happens on July 7 in the Chinese lunar calendarwhen magpies made a bridge with their wings __ _____ __ let the couple cross the river to meet. This is the story of Qiqiaojie---a Chinese Valentine’s Day.in deep sorrowallowedto meetin order to1. But she didn’t turn up.
turn up意为：①开大，调高（音量、热量等）；②（尤指失去后偶然）被发现，被找到；③到达，来到，露面。 根据句意写出下列句中turn up的意思。
Please turn the radio up. I’d like to listen
to the news.?
This job turned up just when I needed it.
Don’t worry about the letter — I’m sure
it’ll turn up.
She turned up at my house late one night.开大，调高（音量）被发现，被找到到达，送达露面【拓展】常见含turn的短语的意思：
★turn down意为：①拒绝，顶回（提
议、建议或提议人）；②把……调低，
关小。
★turn out意为：①出席（某项活动），
在场；②原来是，证明是，结果是。
★turn to意为“向……求助（或寻求指教
等）”。【即学即练】翻译下列句子。
1. 她仍在等待他出现。
_____________________________________
2. 他向我求助。
_____________________________________She is still waiting for him to turn up. He turned to me for help. 3. 原来，当他们是小孩子的时候，她就认
识他。
__________________________________________________________________________
4. 请把电视的音量调小，我要睡觉了。
_________________________________________________It turns out that she had known him when they were children. Please turn the TV down. I am going to
sleep.2. She could be with her friends right now laughing at him.
此句中laughing at him是动词-ing短语作伴随状语, 强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生，即她与朋友们呆在一起的同时, 也在嘲笑他。又如：
They stood there for an hour, watching the woman weaving the cloth. 他们在那儿站了一个小时, 看那位妇女织布。
Don’t just stand there doing nothing. 不要站在那儿无所事事。1) ____ for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about the famous poet.
A. Waited B. Being waiting
C. Having waited D. Waiting
2) I stood for a moment, not ____, and asked myself what would take place next.
A. moved B. moving
C. to move D. being movedDB即学即用3) Mike is a student at a famous university, _______ for a degree in agriculture.
A. studied B. studying
C. to have studied D. to be studyingB3. She said she would be there at seven o’clock, and he thought she would keep her word.
keep one’s word守信用, 其反义词是 break one’s word失信。
e.g. He is a man who always keeps his
word.Don’t break your word, otherwise, no one will trust you.注意：keep one’s word和break one’s word中的名词word不能用复数形式。【归纳】写出下列短语的中文意思或者根
据汉语意思写出英文短语。
_____________ 换句话说
in one’s own words 用某人自己的话说
in a word _________________
beyond words 无法用语言形容
have a word with sb. ______________
have words with sb. 与某人争吵in other words简而言之，一句话与某人谈一谈_______________ 没说一句话
word for word 逐字地
put sth. into words 用言语表达某事without a word4. It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave ...
obvious adj. 明显的， 显而易见的
1) obvious+ to + 表示人的名词或代词
e.g. Her disappointment was obvious
to her friend.2) It + be + obvious + that-clause
e.g. It was obvious that she was in danger.obviously adv. 明显地，显然【即学即练】汉译英。
1. 他在化学考试中犯了一个很明显的错误。
2. 她的脸色看起来苍白，很明显她生病了。He made an obvious mistake in the chemistry examination. Her face looks pale. It is obvious that she is ill.5. People in China hope that the weather will be fine on that day, because if it is raining, it means that Zhinü is weeping and the couple won’t be able to meet.
[点拨]
此句是一个主从复合句。主句为People in China ... on that day; 从句为because 引导的原因状语从句。另外, 在主句中包含着由that引导的宾语从句, 作hope的宾语; 在because引导的原因状语从句中又包含着一个主从复合句: 该主从复合句的主句为it means that ... to meet；从句为if引导的条件状语从句。6. As Li Fang set off for home, he
thought ...【语境展示】阅读下列句子，并试着归纳set off的意思。
1. A letter from home set off an attack of
homesickness.
2. A group of boys were setting off
fireworks in the street.
3. They’ve set off on a trip round the
world.引起引爆 出发，动身 4. Tom’s funny joke set all of us off
laughing again.
5. He set off the fire alarm by chance.使(某人)开始做 使(警报等)响起 【即学即练】翻译下列句子。
1. If you want to catch that train we’d
better set off for the station immediately.
________________________________________________________________________如果你要想赶上那班火车，咱们最好马上动身去火车站。2. A workman carrying out repairs set off
the fire alarm unexpectedly.
_________________________________
_________________________________
3. Don’t set him off talking politics, or he’ll
go on all evening.
__________________________________
___________________________________进行维修的工人不小心拉响了火警警报。可别让他谈起政治，否则他一谈就得一个晚上。7. I don’t want them to remind me of her.
remind vi. 提醒，使想起
remind sb. of sth.
remind sb. to do sth.
remind sb. that The photos will ______ me of the days when we were together.
此题考查remind sb. of sth. “使某人想起某事”。“这些照片会使我想起我们在一起的日子”。remindI. 选用合适的词或短语，用其适当形式填空。 I’ll come after the meeting if time
________.permits remind... of; keep one’s word; permit;
drown; hold one’s breath; turn up; set offremind ... of; keep one’s word; drown;
hold one’s breath; turn up; set off2. Eventually my watch __________ in a
coat pocket.
3. Since you promised, you should
______________.
4. How could you ________________ for 3
minutes?turned up keep your wordhold your breathremind ... of; drown; set off5. If you want to catch that train you’d
better ______ for the station immediately.
6. That ________ me ___ a joke I heard
last week.
7. Unfortunately, the little girl ___________
in the river last year.remindswas drownedof set off1. 请提醒我明天给我母亲写信。(remind)2. 我不能原谅他撒谎。(forgive)Please remind me to write to my mother tomorrow. I can’t forgive him for lying.II. 根据括号内的提示翻译下列句子。3. 你太无理了, 你必须向你姐姐道歉。
(apologize)4. 我听不清楚广播，你能把声音调高点吗？(turn up)You must apologize to your sister for being so rude. I can’t hear the radio very well. Could you turn it up a bit?5. 这起事故已经引起了全世界的关注。
(worldwide) The accident has attracted worldwide attention.课件20张PPT。Unit 1Unit 1
Festivals around the worldDo you remember the story about Li Fang and Hu Jin?at the coffee shop on Valentine’s Day
She didn’t turn up…
drown his sadness in coffee…
4. a sad Chinese story about lost love…
5. Qiqiao Festival…
6. throw the gifts away… He passed the tea shop, then heard a voice…GUIDED WRITING如何续写故事
【单元写作呈现】
Read the story about Li Fang again. What do you think is going to happen to Li Fang and Hu Jin? Write your own ending to the story. Use the following hints to help you prepare for writing.【写作分析】
本单元的写作任务是根据课文A SAD LOVE STORY的内容续写一个故事，属于记叙文。续写故事不仅要求使用书面语进行基本的陈述，还要根据前文内容构思情节，进而展开和完成一个故事。
在完成该写作任务的过程中，应努力使事件陈述更为充实；尝试描述人物的语言、动作和简单的心理活动。Do you think Li Fang is sure about his love for Hu Jin?
If you were Li Fang, what would you have done when Hu Jin didn’t turn up?
If you were Hu Jin, what would you do?
According to the story you read, will it have a happy ending or a sand one?Discussion * Think of how Li Fang will explain that the flowers and chocolates are gone.
* Think of what Hu Jin will say when she hears that news.
* Think of an ending to the story that
will solve the problem. Will Li Fang be happy or sad?Tips:【审题要素】
写作时应注意下面几点：
1. 确定文体：这是一篇记叙文，应注意故事情节的陈述。
2. 主体时态：文章是陈述过去发生的事件，应以一般过去时为主。
3. 主体人称：以第三人称讲述发生在他人身上的故事。 4. 内容要点：
① 故事发生的时间、地点；
② 涉及的主要人物；
③ 事件发展的过程；
④ 故事的结局。
5. 注意故事情节的合理性、完整性以及讲述的连贯性。【思路引导】
本题属于记叙文写作中的续写故事，需要学生在充分理解已有材料的基础上展开合理想象，写作中应注意以下几个步骤：
首先，应在前文的基础上进一步交代清楚故事的时间、地点、主要人物等要点。 其次，选择恰当的语句叙述故事情节的发展，注意句子和段落间的连贯。
第三，注意人物动作和语言的准确描写，例如Li Fang的解释，Hu Jin听后的反应等。
第四，注意直接引语和间接引语在记叙文中的应用。
最后，故事的结尾要简短、自然。【结尾类型评比】
the most moving story
the best well-written story
the most surprising ending
the most humorous story【参考范文】
Li Fang went into the tea shop and sat besides Hu Jin. He was happy that Hu Jin kept her word, but how would he explain that the flowers and chocolates were gone? Hu Jin was looking forward to receiving his gifts. Suddenly, an idea occurred to Li Fang. He decided to tell
a white lie, and also a romantic lie.“Oh, Hu Jin. I’ve been waiting for you for a long time at the coffee shop. Guess what! A young man came in and he looked very worried. He told me that he was the herd boy Niulang! He was hurrying to meet his dear Zhinü. But the city had changed so much that he couldn’t find a flower or chocolate shop ...” “Oh, really?” Hu Jin was surprised. “Then what did you do?”
“You know the couple, Niulang and Zhinü, meet just once a year. What a pity if they can’t have a happy Valentine’s Day! So I gave my flowers and chocolates to the boy. I’m so sorry, Hu Jin.”Hu Jin smiled and came to realize what had happened. She said, “What an interesting boy! Of course he wouldn’t have been Niulang. Maybe he was in a hurry and had no time to prepare a gift for his girl friend. I’m glad that you helped him. Anyway, I have gifts for you. It doesn’t matter.”Just at that time, the manager of the tea shop came up with a big bouquet of roses and said, “I’m glad to tell you that we have a special gift for every couple today in our shop. Here you are! Happy Valentine’s Day!”
Both Li Fang and Hu Jin were happy. It was really an unforgettable and romantic day!Finish your own ending to the story. 课件17张PPT。Unit 1Unit 1
Festivals around the worldListeningListening1. Look at the pictures below. What festival do you think these pictures are about?巨型复活蛋 寻找复活节彩蛋的习俗，据民间传说，是由一位德国公爵夫人兴起的。据说，五彩缤纷的彩蛋是复活节兔子为乡村的孩子们留下的。孩子们把找蛋作为一种游戏。
　 最精心制作的复活节彩蛋甚至不是真蛋。一个叫卡尔·费伯奇的俄国珠宝商曾用金、银和珠宝做成彩蛋。打开蛋还可以看到小小的人、动物、植物和房子。　俄国皇帝以此作为礼物送人。　
复活节兔子是非常古老的复活节象征的现代说法。野兔是兔子的大个子亲戚，它是专供厄俄斯特女神用的圣物。
　 在复活节穿新衣服的习俗是在公元后300年左右开始的，大约在第一个基督徒皇帝康斯坦丁的时代。他下令在复活节那天朝臣们都得穿最好的衣服。1. Listen to this conversation
between Chen Bin and his
American friend, Joey. What is
the main topic of their
conversation?The main topic of the conversation is about the meaning of Easter and some of its traditional customs. Easter is theChristian festival that celebrates Jesus’ coming back to life from the dead. Easter customs include making and eating hot cross buns, colouring and searching for eggs supposedly hidden by the Easter Bunny and decorating with lilies.2. Listen to the conversation
again and take notes to fill in
the chart.spring Christians around the worldstory about Jesus coming back to lifeSunday hot cross buns, eggs, bunnies, liliesListening Task1. Listen to the tape. Then write the festival name for each picture below.Mother’s DayValentine’s DayWell
Dressing FestivalEasterCherry Blossom Festival2. Listen again and then answer the following questions.1) What is the focus of the activity during the Cherry Blossom Festival in Japan?Going out to enjoy the beautiful cherry blossoms.2) Besides soft clay, what kinds of things are used to make well-dressings in Derbyshire?Flowers, nuts, seeds and other things.3) Why are Easter lilies a common symbol of Easter?Because their clean, white beauty is a reminder of new life.4) Why are flowers used on Valentine’s Day and Mother’s Day? In which other festivals do you think flowers are used for the same reason?To show love to someone special. People might give flowers on Father’s Day, Teacher’s Day or other special days for the same reason.课件17张PPT。Unit 1Unit 1
Festivals around the worldReading taskWhy is the temperature so low in Quebec?Winter Carnival in Quebeccanoe race 冰上赛艇 Snowboarding
单板滑雪dog-sled race
狗拉雪橇比赛ice sculptureAnswer the following questions. 1. Why do you think that dogs are used
to pull sleds in cold climates?
Dogs are used in cold climates because they can run on top of the snow, which horses cannot/because they have very thick fur which keeps them warm. They are also very strong/do not eat grass and grain as horses and cattle do/ can be fed on meat / do not eat too much.2. Which activity at the Quebec Carnival
do you think would be the most fun?
Why?
3. Which activity at the Carnival do you
think would be the most dangerous?
Why?
Probably the canoe race through the ice would be the most dangerous.4. If you could go to the Quebec Carnival,
what would you do and see? Why?
5. If you had to draw a poster for the
Carnival, what things would you put on
the poster?
6. What would you wear if you went to
the Carnival? Name three things.
I would wear a thick / warm coat /
jacket / hat / gloves … Compare what you know about Harbin with Quebec.ice sculptures, skiing, skatingice lantern show, international ice and snow sculpture competitions, ice and snow film festival exhibitions of paintings, calligraphy and photograph, folklore shows, ethnic song and dance parties, weddings on an ice-covered riversnowboarding competitions, canoe races, dog-sled racesice sculptures, skiing, skatingFree talkIf you could go to carnival in Quebec, which activity would you like to take part in? Why?Collect as much information about festivals as possible.