二轮复习语法 主谓一致

Subject—Verb Agreement (主谓一致)
Definition（定义）: 主语和____语在人称和___上必须保持一致。
（一）Rules:
1. 语法一致原则：即___语单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式 (即主语是单数，谓语用____数，主语是____数，谓语用复数。)
2. 意义一致原则：即谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）
就近一致原则：即谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的____语。
分类讲解
一、语法一致原则
1、单数主语，不定式，_______ 或从句作主语时，谓语动词用______.
① Xu Yuzhu is studying English.
② To say is one thing, but to do is another.
③ Seeing is believing.
④ Who will do the job has not been decided yet.
Note: 当what引导的句子作主语，若后面是 “be +名词”的结构时，谓语随名词变化。
①What we need ___ more time. ②What we need ____ doctors. (be)
复数名词、代词作主语，谓语动词一般用复数形式
① All the studen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts _____clever. （be） ② They _____English very much. (like)
用and或both…and 连接的单数名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语及主语从句作主语谓语动词用复数形式。
① Both my father and my mother ____farmers. （are）
② What I think a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd what I do ___been fairly in disagreement. （have）
Note: ⑴and连接的两个单数主语前如有each, every, no, many a(许多）等修饰时，谓语用单数。
① Each boy and (each) girl ____ a seat. (have)
② Many a boy and girl ____ made the same mistake. (have)
⑵ 当and连接的两个名词表示同 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一人、同一事物、同一概念或一个完整的东西时(其特征是and后的名词前有/无任何冠词) ，谓语动词用______。
e.g.: The teacher and writer has come. 那位老师兼作家已经来了。
The teacher and the writer have come. 那位老师和那位作家都来了。
e.g.: A knife and fork is on the table. ________________在桌上。
【特别提醒】英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：
iron and steel钢铁 bread and butter 加黄油的面包
a knife and fork一副刀叉 a needle and thread针线;
a horse and cart四轮马车 coffee and milk加牛奶的咖啡
4、由any－， some－， no－, every—和－one, －thing, －body等所构成的不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数.
e.g. Somebody ____ waiting for you at the school gate. (be)
5、英语句中的each，e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ither， neither等词，既可作代词充当主语，又可作形容词修饰主语，这时的谓语动词一律用_______。
Neither of us has been abroad. 我们谁都没出过国。
Each of the houses is painted a different color.
Note: each位于复数主语之后作同位语， 谓语用_____，与each无关。
e.g. We each have an English-Chinese dictionary.
6、“many a +单数名词/ more than one+单数名词/ one and a half +复数名词”
a/an +单数名词+and a half”作主语时，谓语动词用单数
① Many a foreigner___ been to the Great Wall. （have）
② More than one person ____ absent. (be)
③ One and a half hours ____ passed. (have)
④ A year and a half ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ____passed. (have)
Note: more than… of …作主语时，动词应与of 前/ 后的名词或代词保持一致。例如：
e.g. More than ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )60 percent of the students are from the country. (be)
7. plenty of , a lot of, the rest of , most of , half of, 分数/ 百分数+of +n等短语作主语, 谓语动词要和of之后的名词的单复数保持一致。
① Most of his money ____ spent on books. (be)
② Most of the students ____taking an active part in sports. (be)
③ Two-thirds of the students ____from countryside. （come）
8. 定语从句中的主谓一致。
(1) 在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，其谓 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。
e.g. I, who ___your teacher, will share happiness and sorrow with you.(be)
⑵ which/as代替一句话内容,谓语动词用单数
As ___known, Taiwan belongs to China. （be）
(3) one of +pl. + 定语从句,从句中的谓语用_______;
the (only) one of+pl. + 定语从句,从句中的谓语用_______。
①Tom is one of the students who are good at playing football.
②Tom is the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )only one of the students who is good at playing football.
9. 在强调句中，连接代 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词又在句中作主语，这时它应与________________保持一致。
It is you who are to blame. (be)
意义一致原则：
1. 集合名词family, cla ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ss, team, group, club, audience, population, majority…作主语，其用法特点为：若强调整体，谓语动词用______; 若强调个体成员，谓语动词则用______.
e.g. ①Our class is on the fifth floor． __________在五楼。
②Our class are studying English now．我们班的学生在学习英语。
Note：⑴集合名词cattle（牛） ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，people ，police（警察）等，其用法特点为：只有单数形式，但却表示复数意义，谓语在任何情况下都用_______.
e.g. The police are looking for him．警察在找他。
⑵ the population ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of…“…的人口数量”作主语时，谓语单数，但分数、百分数、half of, the rest of + the population 作主语时，具体指其中的多少人，谓语则用复数。
e.g. The population ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of China ___over 1.3billion and 80% of the population_____farmers . (be)
2. means方法, works工 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )厂,deer, sheep, fish鱼,series系列, species物种等单复数同形的名词作主语时，其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。
e.g. ① All possible ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) means ____ been tried．(have) all the ______ (所有的学生)
② Every possibl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e means ____ been tried．(have) every _______ (每一个学生)
③ This paper works ____built in 1978. （be） this ________ (这本书)
3. 一些以s结尾的单数名词，如：ne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ws( ), physics( ), mathematics( ), politics(政治 ),等，都属于形式上是复数但实际意义是单数的名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用____。
eg. ① Mathematics is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of great importance to middle school students. (be)
② Bad news ____ wings. (have) 坏事传千里。
4. 主语是书名，报纸名，国名, 剧名等复数形式的名词，仍为个体，谓语用______.
①The United States is a developed country. (be)
②The 365 Nights is very popular with children. （be）
5. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的名词作主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用_______。
e.g. ①Twenty years is a long time to us.
②Ten yuan is enough.
6. 由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等“s”结尾的专有名词作主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数。
①The Olympic Games ____ held once every four years. (be) 奥运会每四年举办一次。
②The Himalayas ____ the roof of the world. (be)喜马拉雅山脉是世界屋脊。
7. all, which, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )some, half, the rest作主语时，谓语根据指代名词确定。如all单独作主语表示“人”时，谓语用_____；表示“整个事件或事情”时，谓语用_____。 如：
e.g. ①All are present. 所有的人都出席了。(表人)
②All is well. 一切都好。 (表示整个事情或情况)
8. 由“this/that kind ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of , many kinds of +n.” 和“n.+ of this/that kind”等以及由与kind意义相似的type，sort等构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前/ 后的名词保持数的一致。
① The kind of apples sells well.
② Men of this kind are dangerous .
9. 由“a lot of, lots ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of, plenty of, a large amount of ,the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中of前/ 后名词的数而定。
e.g. ①The majority of the students in our class are for the idea.
②The rest of the lecture is wonderful.
Note: a number of ＋pl. “许多…”，谓语动词用复数；
the number of ＋pl. “…的数目”，谓语动词用_____。
e.g. The number of t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he students in our school is quite large and a number of teachers _____ hard. (be; work)
10. 主语是a large/small q ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uantity of +U/Pl.谓语动词用单数；如果是“large (great) quantities of +U/Pl.”时，谓语动词要用复数。也就是说,谓语动词随quantity单复数而定
① There ____ a large quantity of milk/apples on the farm. （be）
② Large quantities of water /coal/bricks ___needed here. （be）
11. the＋adj.做主语时，表示一类人或物时，谓语动词用复数；若是指个人或是抽象概念应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；
e.g. ①In many stor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ies, the good ___ well rewarded and the bad ____ doomed to unfortunate. （be）在许多故事里，好人总是有好报；坏人注定要倒霉。
②The wounded ____ a young boy. （be）
12.成双成对出现的复数名词如glas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ses, shoes, trousers, pants, gloves, socks, slippers, scissors等作主语时，谓语通常用复数， *但如果前有a/the pair of等词语修饰时，谓语动词与pair等一致，用单数。
Eg. ① My trousers ___very nice.(be)
② A pair of shoes ____ under the bed. (be)
13. 名词性物主代词作主语，谓语动词根据指代对象而定
Your shoes are white;Mine____black. (be)
14. 带引号的词语作主语相当于第___人称单数，因此谓语也用______.
“I” is the ninth letter of the English alphabet.
三、就近一致原则
1. 由...or..., ...nor..., either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also) ... ,not...but...连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式通常按照“就近/ 远原则”处理。
①You or she is good at English.
Note: 在 “ A+ with ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), together with, along with, except, but, like, besides, as well as, rather than , including,etc＋B ”的结构中，谓语和A/ B在单复数上保持一致,即就近/ 远原则。
e.g. ① Mr. Yuan, together with his two students enters the office.
② The teacher as well as the students wishes for a holiday.
2. 当一个句子是由 there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致。
① Here __some bread. （be）
② There __ 37 girl students and 14 boy students in Class 0902. （be）
3. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致
① There ____ the bus. （come）
② Such ____ the facts . (be)
③ On the wall ___many pictures. (be)