课件73张PPT。Module 4 Great Scientists
Integrating Skills1. 词义匹配。
(1)diagnose A. (adj. )个人的
(2)victim B. (vt. )诊断
(3)career C. (n. )受害者
(4)personal D. (n. )生涯；经历
(5)relativity E. (n. )相对论2. 根据英文释义匹配单词。
(1)brief A. of or for the body
(2)physical B. get free; get away; find a way out
(3)graduate C. burst open dangerously, with a very loud
noise
(4)explode D. complete an educational course
(5)escape E. very short3. 根据汉语释义补全短语。
(1)be known ___ 因……而出名/闻名
(2)come to ______ 掌权
(3)be diagnosed ____ 被诊断出，患有
(4)___ accident 偶然
(5)instead __ 代替forpowerwithbyof4. 词义匹配。
(1)earn one’s living A. 与……作战
(2)be at war with B. 谋生
(3)well done C. 干得好
(4)be attached to D. 被用来……
(5)be used for E. 被绑在……上1. be known for 因……而出名/闻名
【语境领悟】
*What is Einstein known for? 爱因斯坦因什么而出名？
*Our silks are known for good quality.
我们的丝绸是以高质量出名的。【易混辨析】*Liu Huan is known as a singer.
刘欢作为一个歌手而出名。【即学活用】用适当的介词填空。
①Guilin is known ___ her beautiful mountains and rivers.
桂林因其美丽的山水而闻名。
②We’re sure you’ll be well-known __ an artist.
我们相信你会成为一位著名的画家。
③He is known __ all in our village.
村子里的人都了解他。forasto2. brief adj. 简短的; 简洁的; 短暂的
【语境领悟】
*His book A Brief History of Time was published in 1988 and is still a best-seller.
他的书《时间简史》于1988年出版, 而且现在还是畅销书。
*He gave us a brief introduction about his company.
他向我们简要地介绍了一下他的公司。
*I’ll make a brief visit to Paris. 我将去巴黎作短时间的访问。【归纳拓展】
(1)in brief 简单地说
to be brief 简单地说, 一句话(用作插入语)
(2)类似的表达: in short
in a word
in a nutshell
*In brief, I have made up my mind to quit my job.
简言之，我已经决定辞职了。【易混辨析】【即学活用】完成句子。
①_______, Tom is a lazy boy.
简言之，汤姆是个懒孩子。In brief②He stood up and made a ______ speech, short but to the point.
A. simple B. brief C. easy D. dull
【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他站起来, 进行了简短的演讲，简洁但切题。根据句中的short but to the point可知应用 brief表示“简短的”。 3. graduate vi. 毕业
【语境领悟】
*He was born in 1942 in Oxford and graduated from Oxford University. 他于1942年出生在牛津，后来毕业于牛津大学。
*He will graduate from the school in May. 他将要在五月份毕业。【归纳拓展】
(1)graduate from 从某所学校毕业
graduate in 毕业于(某专业)
(2)graduate n. 毕业生
graduation n. 毕业
*He is a graduate in medicine.
他是医科毕业生。【即学活用】用graduate的适当形式填空。
①He is a ________ of Tokyo University.
他是东京大学的毕业生。
②We shall ________ in less than a year.
我们用不了一年就要毕业了。
③At my brother’s high school __________ ceremony the students recited a poem.
在我弟弟的高中毕业典礼上，学生们朗诵了一首诗。graduategraduategraduation4. come to power 掌权
【语境领悟】
*Albert Einstein left Germany and went to work in the US when Hitler came to power.
当希特勒上台后, 爱因斯坦离开德国到美国工作。
*The new leader has come to power.
新领导上台了。【归纳拓展】
in power 当权的，掌权的
beyond one’s power 不能胜任，力所不能及
in/within one’s power 有能力；力所能及
put. . . into power 使……执政/上台
*China is a country where the people are in power.
中国是个人民掌权的国家。
【名师点津】
be in power“当权的，掌权的”，指状态；
come to/into power指动作。【即学活用】完成句子。
①The party is at present ________.
该党目前正在执政。
②Three years later, he _____________.
三年后他上台掌权了。in powercame to power③What political party ______ in France now?
A. came to power B. comes into power
C. is in power D. was put into power
【解析】选C。考查动词短语。句意：现在法国什么党派在执政？所以应用一般现在时态表示目前的状态，come into power“上台，执政”为短暂性动词短语，be in power“掌权，执政”表状态。5. escape vi. 逃跑；逃避
【语境领悟】
*The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.
中国人发现从竹筒里漏出的气体可以使其飞向空中。
*To my surprise, he could escape from that big fire.
令我惊讶的是, 他能够从那场大火里逃脱出来。
*I left England to escape from my own future.
我离开英国是为了逃避自己的命运。【归纳拓展】
(1)escape from /out of. . . 从……漏出(溢出)；从……逃跑
escape (doing) sth. 逃脱(做)某事
escape one’s attention/notice 逃过某人的注意，被某人忽视
(2)escape n. 逃跑; 逃脱; 逃避
have a narrow escape 九死一生
make one’s escape 逃跑*The thief jumped into a car and made his escape.
小偷跳上汽车逃走了。
*We were lucky to escape being punished.
我们很幸运, 没有受罚。【即学活用】完成句子。
①You were lucky to ___________________.
你能够虎口余生，真是幸运。
②There is no way to ___________________.
没法避免做这工作。have a narrow escapeescape doing the work③Henry escaped ______ by admitting his mistake.
A. being punished B. having been punished
C. having punished D. punishing
【解析】选A。考查动词escape的用法。句意：亨利承认了错误，没有受到惩罚。escape doing sth. 意为“逃避/避免做某事”。Henry与punish之间是被动关系，故用被动形式。6. clear vi. (烟雾)消散
【语境领悟】
*When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.
烟雾消散后，万虎和他的椅子已消失得无影无踪了。
*It was a fine day once the mist had cleared.
雾消散后是个晴天。【归纳拓展】
(1)clear v. 使清楚，扫清；变清澈；(天)变晴
clear away 把……收拾走，清除掉
clear up (天气)转晴
clear sth. up 整理，使……整洁
(2)clear adj. 清澈的；清晰的；畅通的
make. . . clear 清楚表明，讲清楚*It’s very likely to clear up by and by.
(天)很可能不久就要放晴了。
*The clear water mirrored the blue sky.
清澈的水中映出蔚蓝的天空。【即学活用】英译汉。
①The sky cleared after the rain.
___________
②The clear sky promises fine weather.
___________________________雨后天晴。明净的天空说明要有好天气。③The mystery was ______ when he admitted he had been there all the time.
A. cleared off B. cleared away
C. cleared up D. cleared out
【解析】选C。考查动词词组。clear off“离开”；clear away“散去；消失；(烟、雾等)消散”；clear up“把……弄清楚; 澄清”；clear out“清除; 整理”。由此可知C项符合题意。7. In Stephen Hawking’s case it was discovered that he was a brilliant scientist.
就斯蒂芬·霍金的情况而言，人们发现他是一位杰出的科学家。
【句式分析】
(1)It is discovered that. . . 是常见句式，意为“据发现……”。
(2)该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。that不可以省略。
(3)下列两种句型可以互换。
It +be+过去分词+that
=Sb. /Sth. + be+过去分词+不定式*It is said that Mary is leaving for London tomorrow.
据说玛丽明天要动身前往伦敦。
*It is reported that a traffic accident took place early this morning.
据报道今天清晨有车祸发生。【思维延伸】It is discovered that. . . “人们发现……”。属于“It is/was+过去分词+that”结构，你还知道常见的类似结构吗？【参考答案】It is/was+过去分词+that
It is said that. . . 据说……
It is reported that. . . 据报道……
It is believed that. . . 人们相信……
It is known that. . . 众所周知……
It is supposed that. . . 大家推测……
It is thought that. . . 大家认为……
It is considered that. . . 人们认为……
It is suggested that. . . 人们建议……【即学活用】句型转换。
①It is said that he works hard.
→He ________work hard.
②It is believed that the plane flies higher than a bird.
→The plane ____________fly higher than a bird.
③It is said that they have come back.
→They ______________come back. is said tois believed toare said to have8. The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.
管子被系在一根用来帮助火箭直线运动的长木棍上。
【句式分析】
(1)which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction是定语从句，修饰先行词stick。
(2)keep sb. /sth. doing sth. 使……一直做某事*I’m sorry I’ve kept you waiting. 很抱歉，让你久等了。
*Don’t keep the water running all the time. Turn it off.
不要让水老是不停地流，把它关上。【归纳拓展】
keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
keep doing sth. 一直做某事(强调动作的延续)
keep on doing sth. 反复做某事(强调动作的反复)【即学活用】完成句子。
①He ______________ for half an hour.
他让我等了半个小时。
②The heavy rain can’t _____________________.
大雨阻挡不了我外出。kept me waitingkeep me from going out③He kept the light in his room ______ the whole night.
A. burnt B. burning C. burn D. to burn
【解析】选B。句意：他让他房间里的灯亮了一整夜。keep sth. doing 使某动作持续进行。 【要点拾遗】
1. diagnose vt. 诊断
【语境领悟】
*In the 1960s he was diagnosed with motor neurone disease.
20世纪60年代他被诊断出患了神经机能疾病。
*A 45-year-old woman is diagnosed with breast cancer.
一位45岁的妇女被诊断为乳腺癌。【归纳拓展】
be diagnosed as/with 被诊断有……病
diagnosis n．诊断；判断(复数形式：diagnoses)
*The doctor has diagnosed it as heart disease.
医生把此病诊断为心脏病。【即学活用】完成句子。
①About a year ago he _________________ cancer.
大约一年前，他被诊断出得了癌症。
②The test is used to _________________________.
此项化验可用于诊断多种疾病。
③He is sure his ________ will be confirmed.
他肯定自己的诊断会得以证实。 was diagnosed withdiagnose a variety of diseasesdiagnosis2. earn one’s living 谋生
【语境领悟】
*Albert Einstein got a job in an office to earn his living.
爱因斯坦在一家办公室里找到了一份工作来谋生。
*How does she earn her living?
她靠什么谋生？【归纳拓展】
(1)下列短语都可以表示“谋生”：
earn a living
make a living
make one’s living
(2)do sth. for a living 做……以维持生计
*He left his office job to try to make a living on the land.
他辞去了办公室的工作，设法以务农为生。【即学活用】完成句子。
①She began to _______________________________ at her early age.
她从很小的时候起, 就开始以卖菜为生。earn her living by selling vegetables②The way he thought of ______ a living is to work for them.
A. make B. making
C. to make D. made
【解析】选C。考查固定结构。句意：他想起来的谋生的方法是为他们工作。定语从句he thought of修饰先行词the way, 横线上所填部分与a living一起作为定语修饰the way，构成the way to do sth做某事的方式，故C项正确。 3. straight adj. 直的； 连续的；adv. 直地； 直接地； 坦率地; 连续地
【语境领悟】
*The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.
管子被系在一根用来帮助火箭直线运动的长木棍上。
*The smoke rose straight up.
烟直直地上升。
*The car was coming straight at me.
这辆车径直地向我驶来。【即学活用】完成句子。
①__________ along this street to the traffic light.
沿着这条街一直走到红绿灯处。
②He drew ____________ on the paper.
他在纸上画了一条直线。Go straighta straight line③His leg has been injured in an accident and now he can’t walk ______ .
A. straight B. straightly C. steady D. direct
【解析】选A。句意：他的腿在一次事故中受过伤，现在走路都走不直了。句中需要使用副词形式修饰动词walk，A项为副词，符合题意；C项和D项是形容词，分别意为“稳步的”、“直接的”，不符合题意；B项在英语中没有此副词形式。 4. Soon the Mongols learned how to make rockets themselves and it is possible that they introduced them to Europe.
不久蒙古人学会了自己如何制造火箭，并且可能由此把它们介绍到了欧洲。
【句式分析】
(1)how to make rockets是“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。这一结构，除作宾语外，还可用作主语、表语。
(2)It is possible that. . . 可能……。it作形式主语，后面的that从句是真正的主语。*I don’t know when to begin. 我不知道什么时间开始。
*Can you tell me where to get the battery?
你能告诉我哪儿能买到电池吗？
*It is possible that I shall go there next week.
我可能下星期去那儿。【即学活用】完成句子。
①Do you know _____________________?
你知道怎么去车站吗？
②___________is not known yet.
去什么地方还不知道。
③_______________he misunderstood what I said.
他可能误解了我说的话。how to get to the stationWhere to goIt is possible that④—It’s no use having ideas only.
—Don’t worry. Peter can show you _______ to turn an idea into an act.
A. how B. who C. what D. where
【解析】选A。考查“疑问词+不定式”作宾语，句意： ——只有想法没用。——不要担心，彼得会教给你怎样把想法变为行动。根据句意，A项正确。⑤(2011·辽宁高考)Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach ______ to read fast.
A. what B. who C. how D. why
【解析】选C。考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：二十名学生想参加旨在教授如何快速阅读的课程。what什么；who谁；how如何，符合句意；why为什么。 Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. It is reported that the terrorists ________(爆炸)a bomb in a store, causing five deaths and twenty injuries.
2. ________(个人的)cleanliness is important to health as well as to appearance.
3．I’m busy now. Please make a _____(简短的)speech.
4．All the _______(受害者)of the floods were well cared for by the local governments. explodedPersonalbriefvictims5．No one can ______(逃避)being punished if he breaks the law.
6. He was _________(诊断)with cancer so he was filled with despair. escapediagnosedⅡ. 完成句子
1. 画家靠画画谋生, 而教师以教学为生。
Painters ______________ by painting while teachers by teaching.
2. 如果天气放晴，我们可以出去散步。
If the weather ________, we can go out for a walk.
3. 由于碰上了交通堵塞，所以他们耽搁了。
They were caught in the traffic jam, thus _______________. earn their livingclears upcausing the delay4. 被称为“泉城”的济南因它的72泉而为我们所熟知。
Ji’nan __________ us __ “Springs City” ___ its 72 springs.
5. 这个政党一执政就采取了许多强硬措施制止污染。
The party took some strong measures to prevent pollution
after ________________. is known toasforcoming into power【文体分析】
1. 概念：传记是记载人物生平事迹的一种文体。传或小传是记叙他人生平的文章；自传是自述生平的文章。人物传记2. 内容安排：
人物传记一般包含三部分内容：人物概括介绍——主要事迹——总体评价。
3. 语言特征：
(1)其首要特征是真实；
(2)另一个显著特征是生动。
4. 注意事项：
语言要不饰美，不隐恶，实事求是。【亮点句式】
1. Li Hua is open-minded and optimistic and Chen Wei is very friendly but a little shy.
2. He is a near-sighted/far-sighted guy with a pair of glasses on his nose.
3. She is good-looking with long beautiful hair.
4. She gets on well with the students and always communicates with them by e-mail or Internet. 5. In 1957, he studied in a university in London and was awarded a PhD degree in 1965.
6. In his spare time, he likes playing badminton and playing volleyball. 根据提示信息, 写一篇Steve Jobs(史蒂夫·乔布斯)的人物传记, 100个词左右。
姓名: 史蒂夫·乔布斯(Steve Jobs)。
出生日期: 1955年2月24日。 主要经历:
(1)1976年, 成立苹果公司(Apple Inc);
(2)1985年, 乔布斯离开苹果公司;
(3)1997年, 回到苹果公司担任行政总裁(CEO)职位;
(4)2011年8月24日, 辞去苹果公司行政总裁职务;
(5)2011年10月5日逝世。
主要成就: 乔布斯被视作iPad、iPhone等知名电子产品的缔造者, 这些电子产品改变了现代通讯、娱乐乃至人们的生活方式。【审题谋篇】记叙文人物传记一般过去时为主第三人称【遣词造句】
1. 词汇：
(1)出生于 ____________
(2)担任 ______________
(3)在……岁时 ___________
(4)电子产品 ______________
(5)通讯 ______________
(6)娱乐 _____________be born on/inserve as/work asat the age ofdigital productscommunicationentertainment2. 句式：
(1)一句多译。
在2011年，他宣布不再担任(苹果公司)行政总裁职务。
In 2011, he ________ he would _________serve as the CEO.
In 2011, he ________ he would ___ serve as the CEO ____
______.
In 2011, he ____________that he would _________serve as the CEO. declaredno longerdeclarednotanylongermade it clearno longer(2)不同层次句式表达法。
①In 1976, he was 21 years old.
At that time he set up Apple Inc. (用状语从句合并句子)
_______________________________________________
②In 1985，Steve Jobs left Apple Inc.
In 1997 he returned.
He served as the CEO of Apple Inc. (合并成一个句子)
Steve Jobs left Apple Inc in 1985 ___________________, in 1997 he ____________________the CEO of Apple Inc. In 1976, when he was 21 years old, he set up Apple Inc.and twelve years laterreturned and served as③These products have changed the way of modern communication. They changed the way of entertainment, and the way of the lifestyle of people. (用并列成分简化句子)
These products have changed ________________
___________________________________ the lifestyle of people. the way of moderncommunication and entertainment, even【妙笔成篇】
Steve Jobs was born on February 24, 1955. In 1976, when he was 21 years old, he set up Apple Inc. Steve Jobs left Apple Inc in 1985 and twelve years later, in 1997 he returned and served as the CEO of Apple Inc. In 2011, he declared he would no longer serve as the CEO. On 5th, October, 2011, he died at the age of 56.
Steve Jobs is regarded as the founder of iPad, iPhone and some other famous digital products.These products have changed the way of modern communication and entertainment, even the lifestyle of people. 【名师点评】
语言特色：①高级词汇主要使用了set up， serve as，no longer，at the age of，regard. . . as，the way of等。
②运用了时间状语从句，宾语从句，并列句。
整体评价：本文第一段是乔布斯的人物概括和他的主要事迹，第二段主要是对他的人物评价。全文语言朴实，实事求是。简单句和复合句交替使用。中肯的语气，体现了对乔布斯的敬仰和爱戴之情。课件78张PPT。Module 4 Great Scientists
Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary1. 根据音标和词义写出下列单词。
(1) ______(adj. ) 主要的；重要的
(2) ______(n. ) 人物
(3) _______(vt. ) 出版
(4) ____________(n. ) 突破
(5) _______(vt. ) 取代，以……代替
(6) ________(n. ) 数量
(7) _______(n. ) 质量staplefigurepublishbreakthroughreplacequantityquality2. 根据语境猜测黑体词的含义。
(1)The biology class studied the structure of a cell. ( )
(2)Brazil is the world’s largest producer of coffee. ( )
(3)An educator must first educate himself. ( )
(4)I don’t like this idea. I’m sticking with my original one.
( )
(5)Steel production dropped by more than 50%. ( )
(6)How do you convert iron into steel? ( )
(7)We export rice but import wheat. ( )生物学生产者教育原来的产量转换出口3. 根据语境猜测黑体短语的含义。
(1)The deserted boy was brought up by the government. ( )
(2)Police are searching for the culprits. ( )
(3)We need to bring in a lot more new business. ( )
(4)Sales in the home market rise by 22%. ( )
(5)I am going to replace my old car with a new one.
( )抚养搜寻引进增加了用……代替……4. 根据语境及汉语提示写出相应的短语。
(1)the key __ ……的关键
(2)convert ______ 转变为
(3)as a result __ 由于……的结果
(4)experiment ____ 用……做实验
(5)be interested __ 对……感兴趣toto/intoofwithin1. 速读文章并选出最佳答案。
(1) How could he manage to produce more rice quickly?
A. By crossing different species of rice plant.
B. By planting more rice.
C. By bringing in rice from other countries.
D. By doing more experiments. (2)The last two paragraphs mainly talk about ______ .
A. China’s agriculture development
B. Yuan Longping’s elderly life
C. foreign countries’ agriculture revolution
D. Yuan Longping’s contributions to China and the world2. 细读文章并完成空格。was educatedanearly ageagriculturea youngteacherwerepublishedwasdiscoveredrose by50other cash cropswas exported to 3. 复读文章回答问题。
What should we learn from Yuan Longping?
_________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
________________________Yuan Longping is a person who likes to ask questions. Byasking questions he has learned a lot, which helps him muchin becoming a great scientist. Also he is devoted to what he isinterested in and has made great contributions to Chineseagriculture, even the world.1. figure n. 人物
【语境领悟】
*In the rice-growing world, the Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping, is a leading figure.
在水稻种植领域，中国的科学家袁隆平是一位领军人物。
*He has become a figure known to everyone.
他已成了一个知名人物。【归纳拓展】
(1)figure n. 数字；人物；体态，身材；图
(形)；(雕塑或画出的)形象
vt. 计算；想象，认为
(2)figure out 计算出; 想出; 弄明白
(3)keep one’s figure 保持体态苗条
*I can’t figure out why he quit his job.
我琢磨不透他为什么要辞掉工作。【即学活用】写出句中figure的意思。
①Tom is an important figure in the small town. ( )
②The figure is expressed as a percentage. ( )
③Mary was born with a slim figure. ( )
④The young man carved a figure in low relief. ( )
⑤I can’t figure out why he is absent. ( )
⑥This figure is 20 times the loss of 20 years ago. ( )人物数字身材雕像弄明白数字⑦After learning these, they ______ how to prevent the kid entering the Internet bar.
A. worked out B. figured out
C. turned out D. came out
【解析】选B。句意：学完这些后，他们明白了如何预防孩子进入网吧。figure out 与 work out 有“想出”的意思，但 figure out 还有“弄清，明白”的意思，turn out生产，结果是；come out出来，出版。 2. bring up培养，养育；呕吐；提出
【语境领悟】
*Yuan Longping was born and brought up in China.
袁隆平在中国出生并长大。
*He brought up all that he had eaten.
他把吃下去的东西全都吐出来了。
*Please bring up this point at the next meeting.
请把这一点在下次会议上提出来。【易混辨析】【归纳拓展】
bring about 引起; 导致; 带来; 造成
bring down 使降低，降价
bring back 归还；使记起；使恢复
bring forward 把……提前；提出
bring in 赚钱，使获利；请来；引进；收割庄稼
bring out 拿出；清楚地显示，阐明；生产，出版*Science has brought about many changes in our lives.
科学为我们的生活带来了很多变化。
*Can you bring forward any proof of what you say?
对你所说的话, 你能给出证据吗?
*We should bring in new technology.
我们应该引进新技术。【即学活用】用bring的短语填空。
①He ________ 600 yuan more or less a month.
②His speech _____________a great many arguments.
③A new book is about to be ___________.
④They decided to _____________the date of the meeting.
⑤Can you try to get them to __________ the price?
⑥I have ____________the book you lent me. brings inbrought aboutbrought outbring forwardbring downbrought back⑦They supply these things to the market and ______ a little extra income.
A. bring up B. bring out
C. bring in D. bring about
【解析】选C。句意：他们把这些东西带到市场，赚点额外的收入。bring up抚养；呕吐；bring out拿出；bring in赚钱，使获利；bring about引起，导致。【思维延伸】补充练习
(2011·湖北高考)The government has taken measures to ______ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
A. take down B. bring down
C. hand down D. tear down
【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：政府已经采取措施降低日常商品的高价格来保持市场的稳定。take down 记下，记录；bring down 减低；hand down 把……传递下来；tear down 拆毁；拆卸。根据句意选择B项。3. support v. 支持；支撑；养活，赡养n. 支撑物; 支持
【语境领悟】
*The research was supported by the government.
研究得到了政府的支持。
*The pillars have to support the weight of the roof.
这些柱子须承受屋顶的重量。
*He had to work hard to support his family.
他不得不努力工作来养家。
*They urged us to give our support.
他们敦促我们给予支持。【归纳拓展】
(1)support sb. in sth. 在……方面支持某人
support one’s family 养活家人
support one’s opinion 支持某人的观点
(2)in support of sb. /sth. 支援某人/某事
supporter n. 支持者；抚养者；支撑物
*He spoke in support of the project.
他发言支持这项计划。【即学活用】英译汉。
①We all support his scientific research.
_________________________
②Their efforts are worthy of your support.
___________________________
③I have a wife and two children to support.
___________________________我们都支持他的科学研究。他们的努力应得到你的支持。我有妻子和两个小孩要扶养。④As a laid-off worker, it is hard for her father to ______ the family, let alone send his children to key schools.
A．bring up B．raise C．support D．supply
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名下岗工人，她父亲养家很难，更别说供孩子上重点学校了。bring up 和 raise都有“喂养，养育”的意思，后跟人作宾语；support a family 养家糊口，符合句意；supply供应，提供。根据句意选C。4. as a result of 由于……的结果
【语境领悟】
*As a result of Yuan Longping’s discoveries Chinese rice production rose by 47. 5 percent in the 1990’s.
由于袁隆平的发现，中国的水稻产量在20世纪90年代增长了47. 5%。
*He was late as a result of the heavy snow.
由于大雪他迟到了。【归纳拓展】
as a result 结果，因而
result in = lead to 导致，产生
result from 起因于……，由……产生
*The accident resulted in ten deaths.
这次事故造成10人死亡。
*His illness resulted from bad food.
他的病是由于吃了变质的食物所致。【思维延伸】
英语中表示“原因”的介词短语有:
as a result of because of owing to due to
on account of thanks to as a consequence of
in consequence of【即学活用】完成句子。
①Hard work will ________success.
勤奋才能导致成功。
②Many illnesses __________lack of exercise.
许多疾病是由于缺少锻炼所致。
③He didn’t work hard. __________he failed his exam.
他不用功，结果考试不及格。result inresult fromAs a result④(2014·黄石高一检测)Martin was sick with a strange fever; ______ , he could neither eat nor sleep.
A. as a result B. after all
C. in a way D. above all
【解析】选A。考查短语辨析。句意：Martin生病了，莫名其妙地发烧；结果，他既不能吃也不能睡。as a result结果；after all毕竟，终究；in a way在某种程度上；above all首先，尤其是。 5. convert v．改变；转换
【语境领悟】
*50 thousand square kilometres of rice fields were converted to growing vegetables and other cash crops.
5万平方千米的稻田被用来种植蔬菜和其他经济作物。
*Could you convert my dollars into pounds?
你可以把我的美元换成英镑吗?
*We’ll convert sorrow into strength.
我们要化悲痛为力量。【归纳拓展】
(1)convert (sth. ) to/into sth. 把……转变成
convert sb. from. . . to 把某人由……改变为……
convert to Christianity 改信基督教
(2)conversion n．转变，变换【即学活用】完成句子。
①The solar cell can _______ the energy of sunlight ____
electric energy.
太阳能电池能把阳光的能量转化为电能。
②Coal can ______________gas.
煤可以转化成煤气。convertintobe converted to③In the factory, a steam engine ______ heat into power.
A. moves B. removes
C. exchanges D. converts
【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：在工厂里蒸汽机把热能转化为动能。A项意为“移动，搬走”；B项意为“去除，移除”；C项意为“交换”；D项意为“转换，转化”。根据句意和词义选择D项。6. replace vt. 取代，以……代替；放回原处
【语境领悟】
*The new rice replaced vegetables in 50 thousand square kilometres.
新品种水稻代替了5万平方千米的蔬菜。
*Nothing can replace a mother’s love. 什么都无法取代母爱。
*Please replace the books after reading.
看完书后请将书放回原处。
*We’ve replaced the old adding machine with a computer.
我们用电脑取代了老式的加法计算器。【归纳拓展】
(1)replace sb. /sth. 取代某人/某物
replace sb. /sth. with sb. /sth. 用……替换……
replace sth. +介词或副词 把某物放回……
(2)同义短语：
in place of sb. /sth. = in sb. ’s/sth. ’s place=take the place of
取代，代替【即学活用】完成句子。
①We need to _______ the water pipes ____ new ones.
我们需要更换新的自来水管。
②Have they found anyone to _______ her yet?
他们找到了代替她的人没有?
③Please _______ the magazine where it was.
请把杂志放回原处。replacewithreplacereplace【思维延伸】补充练习
The shopkeeper said he would ______ the radio set if we were not satisfied.
A. place B. replace
C. buy D. sell
【解析】选B。句意：店主说了如果我们对收音机不满意，他将调换一台。place“放置”；buy“买”；sell“卖”，均不合题意。7. quantity n. 数量
【语境领悟】
*A yield refers to quantity (eg of food).
产量指的是(食品的)数量。
*In production, we demand not only quantity but also quality.
我们的产品不但要求数量多， 而且要求质量高。【归纳拓展】
a large quantity of 大量的
large quantities of 大量的；许多的
in quantity 大量地
*The factory turns out a large quantity of paper products.
这家工厂生产大量的纸制品。
*It’s cheaper to buy goods in quantity. 大宗购物比较便宜。【名师点津】quantity短语的用法
(1)a quantity of和quantities of既可修饰可数名词复数, 也可修饰不可数名词。
(2)a quantity of修饰的名词作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数常依据of后面的名词而定, 若是不可数名词, 谓语动词用单数形式, 若是可数名词复数, 谓语动词用复数形式。
(3)quantities of 短语作主语时, 无论of后接可数名词复数还是不可数名词，谓语动词都用复数形式。【即学活用】完成句子。
①Quantities of food _____ on the table.
桌上摆了大量食物。
②A large quantity of money _____________ in bringing up his children.
他在抚养孩子方面花了许多钱。werehas been spent③With the development of modern agriculture and industry, ______ waste are created every day.
A. a large quantity of B. large quantities of
C. a large number of D. large numbers of
【解析】选B。考查短语辨析。句意：随着现代工农业的发展，每天都产生大量的垃圾。选项A和B修饰不可数名词和可数名词；选项C和D修饰可数名词。“a large quantity of +名词”作主语时，谓语动词和名词的单复数一致；“large quantities of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 8. He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.
他认为解决人们吃饭问题的关键在于拥有更多的大米，并且能更快地生产出来。
【句式分析】
(1)that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly是that引导的宾语从句，作thought的宾语。(2)the key to. . . ……的关键，其中to是介词，其后要跟名词、代词或动名词。
(3)to have more rice and to produce it more quickly是and连接的并列的不定式短语，在句中作表语。不定式短语作表语，对主语进行解释说明，一般表示具体的动作，特别是将来的动作。*His dream is to be a doctor.
他的梦想是成为一名医生。
*Hard work and honesty are the keys to success.
努力工作和诚实是成功的秘诀。【名师点津】表语动词不定式，何时可省“to”
在现代英语中，作表语的不定式符号to往往省略，特别当句中含有do的某种形式时。
The first thing for you to do is (to) clean it and peel it. 你需要做的第一件事就是把它洗净，削皮。【即学活用】完成句子。
①Believing in yourself is _______________.
相信自己是通往成功的途径。
②My work is _______________ every day.
我的工作是每天清扫房间。
③Remember honesty is the _____________a real friendship.
记住以诚相待是保持真正友谊的关键。the key to successto clean the roomkey to keeping9. He thought there was only one way to do this — by crossing different species of rice plant, and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants. 他想只有一种方法可以做这件事——通过杂交不同品种的水稻，然后他可以培育出一种新的水稻，这种水稻可以比原先的任何一种产量更高。【句式分析】(2)(one)way to do sth. = (one) way of doing sth. 做……的方法
by doing sth. 通过……的方式*Swimming is the best way to build up your body.
游泳是健体强身的最好方法。
*He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making (to make) his classes lively and interesting.
他矮个子，戴着一副深度眼镜，但他有奇妙的方法使他的课生动有趣。
*They learn English by watching TV.
他们通过看电视学英语。 【即学活用】完成句子。
①He succeeded _______________.
他由于工作努力而获得了成功。
②Hard work is the only way to _________________.
辛勤劳动是在事业上成功的唯一途径。
③Exercise is a sure way of ____________.
运动是减肥的可靠办法。by working hardsucceed in businesslosing weight【要点拾遗】
1. leading adj. 主要的；领先的；领导性的
【语境领悟】
*He is a leading member of the medical profession.
他是医疗业中首屈一指的医生。【归纳拓展】
(1)lead v. 领先；带领；过 …… (的生活)；导致
lead to 导致
lead a. . . life 过着……的生活
(2)lead n. 领头位置；主角
take the lead 领头
*Smoking can lead to lung cancer.
抽烟可能导致肺癌。
*Though having no money, he led a happy life.
虽然没有钱，他仍然过得很快乐。【即学活用】完成句子。
①We ______________ in the country.
我们在乡下过着宁静的生活。
②Too much work and too little rest often ____________.
过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。
③He was asked to take a _______ position in the factory.
他们要求他在这家工厂担任一个领导职务。 lead a quiet lifelead to illnessleading2. original adj. 原来的，最初的
【语境领悟】
*The room still has many of its original features.
房间还保留着当初的许多特点。
*The property has been returned to the original owner.
这些财产已送还原主。【归纳拓展】
original adj. 有独创性的；真迹的
n. 原著，原件，原稿
originally adv. 原先，最初
origin n. 起源，出身
*Is that painting an original or a reproduction?
那幅画是原作还是复制品？
*The family had its origin in Canada.
这家祖上是加拿大人。【即学活用】用original的适当形式填空
①What was the ______ of the quarrel?
②Is this the _______ drawing or is it a copy?
③He _________ need not buy such big house. originoriginaloriginally3. export v. 出口
【语境领悟】
*Following this, Yuan Longping’s rice was exported to other countries, such as Pakistan and the Philippines.
随后，袁隆平研制的水稻出口到巴基斯坦和菲律宾等国家。
*Africa is exporting beef to Europe.
非洲向欧洲出口牛肉。【归纳拓展】
(1)export n. &v. 出口，输出，输出品
export sth. to sp. 出口某物到某地
export trade 出口贸易
(2)import n. &v. 进口，输入
import sth. from sp. 从某地进口某物
*The company has met the export target.
该公司已经实现了它的出口目标。
*Many countries import wool from Australia.
许多国家从澳大利亚进口羊毛。【即学活用】完成句子。
①The blood can also ______ waste products from the tissues.
血液还能从身体组织里输出废物。
②____________was falling off.
出口贸易正在减少。
③Our factory _________Southeast Asia.
我们厂向东南亚出口产品。 exportExport tradeexports to4. Its yield is much greater than the yield of other types of rice grown in Pakistan.
它的产量比巴基斯坦所种植的其他水稻的产量都要高很多。
【句式分析】
(1)greater than the yield of other types 用比较级表示最高级。
比较级形式表示最高级的概念的几种形式：
比较级+than+ any other + 可数名词单数
比较级+than+ any of the other+ 可数名词复数
比较级+than+ the other + 可数名词复数(2) grown in Pakistan过去分词作定语，相当于定语从句which are grown in Pakistan。
(3)本句是一个用much修饰比较级的句型。much修饰比较级, 意为“……得多”。
常见的修饰比较级的词还有：a little，a bit，a lot，rather，far，even，still，any等。*简比她班级里任何一个女孩都高。
Jane is taller than any other girl in her class.
=Jane is taller than any of the other girls in her class.
=Jane is taller than the other girls in her class.
*She’s a good deal better today. 她今天好多了。
*There are far more people than we expected.
人比我们预计的多得多。
*It is even colder than yesterday. 今天比昨天还要冷。
*The next day she got up still earlier. 第二天她起床更早些。 【即学活用】
①她比别的女孩上学早。
She goes to school earlier _________________.
②我们的教室比他们的明亮得多。
Our classroom is _____________than theirs. than the other girlsmuch brighter③Tom speaks Chinese ______ better than Jimmy.
A. more B. very C. a lot of D. much
【解析】选D。句意：汤姆说中文比吉米好得多。much可修饰比较级表示程度。其他选项都不能修饰比较级。④The situation of the global finance crisis was ______ worse than expected.
A. rather B. fairly
C. very D. any
【解析】选A。考查副词。本题中所使用的副词必须能够修饰形容词的比较级，rather与any符合条件，但是any用于否定句或疑问句中，因此选rather。⑤Maths is more popular than ______ .
A. any other subject B. all the subjects
C. any subject D. other subject
【解析】选A。句意：数学比别的任何一门学科都受欢迎。考查“比较级+ than + any other +可数名词单数”结构。5. 2/3 of the world’s population regularly eat rice. 世界人口中有三分之二的人经常吃大米。
【句式分析】
(1)分数或百分数修饰名词作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数由名词决定。若是不可数名词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数; 若主语是可数名词复数, 则谓语动词要用复数。(2)表达分数时, 分子用基数词, 分母用序数词。分子大于1时, 分母的序数词加s。
one/a half 二分之一
one fourth/a quarter 四分之一
one fifth 五分之一
two fifths 五分之二
three fourths/three quarters 四分之三*About two thirds of the students attend the meeting.
大约2/3的学生都参加了会议。
*Only one-fifth of air consists of oxygen.
氧气只占空气的1/5。【即学活用】完成句子。
①Three quarters of the students ___________________.
四分之三的学生考试及格了。
②Two thirds of the desk _________ red.
桌子的2/3被漆成红色。
③About 30 percent of the pupils ___________that day.
那天大约有30%的学生缺席。have passed the examis paintedwere absentⅠ. 单词拼写
1. _________(教育)is given to children by the government.
2. He needs a high income to _______(供养)such a large family.
3. ___________(农业) in this country has developed greatly after liberation.
4. He is an important political ______(人物)in Indian history.
5. Surgeons have made a great ____________(突破)in the kidney transplantation.
6. The _______(最初的)owner of the house was Duke Wellington. EducationsupportAgriculturefigurebreakthroughoriginal7. We are very proud of the high _______(质量)of our product.
8. The scientific study of the chemistry of living things is called ____________(生物化学).
9. It is generally believed that advertising can increase __________(产量)and sales.
10. We’ve _________(改变; 转换)from coal to gas central heating. qualitybiochemistryproductionconvertedⅡ. 完成句子
1. They’ve __________experts to advise on the project.
他们已请来专家对该项目提意见。
2. He was late for the meeting ___________ a traffic jam.
由于交通堵塞，他开会迟到了。
3. Scientists are working hard __________ a cure for the disease.
科学家们正努力工作寻找这种疾病的治愈方法。
4. We all have our favourite _________________certain things.
我们做某些事都有自己爱用的方法。brought inas a result ofin search ofways of doing/to do5. Diet and exercise are _________ good health.
身体健康的关键是饮食和运动。
6. He hopes to earn his living _______________.
他希望靠卖饮料来谋生。
7. ____________arms were discovered hidden in the trucks.
卡车上发现藏有大量武器。
8. It took him a couple of days to _________what had happened.
他花了好几天才弄明白到底发生了什么。the key toby selling drinksQuantities offigure out课件29张PPT。Module 4 Great Scientists
Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary（Ⅰ）1.Learn some new words and phrases and talk about scientists.
2. Master the main information in the text.
3. Learn to write a biography(传记) about a famous scientist.Learning aims 爱迪生(Thomas Alva Edison, 1847-1931)Genius is one percent inspiration (灵感)and ninety-nine percent perspiration（汗水）.Leading-in阿基米德 (Archimedes, 287BC-212BC) 1.Ancient Greek Physicist, Mathematician
2.The law of ArchimedesGive me a lever long enough and a place to stand, and I will move the world. 居里夫人 (Marie Curie, 1867-1934 ) 1.Polish scientist
2.Discovered Radium (镭) and Polonium(钋)
3.Won the Nobel Prize twiceScience is beyond nationalities, classes and races.牛顿 (Newton, 1643-1727 )1.English scientist
2.The laws of gravity
3.The laws of motionIf I have seen a little further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.爱因斯坦 (Albert Einstein, 1879-1955) 1.German-born American physicist
2.Creator of theories of relativity
3.Won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921 The Secret of Success: A=X+Y+Z X stands for hard work, Y stands for good methods, and Z means stopping talking and getting down to work. Agriculture is the science of farming.农业VocabularyRice is a staple food that we eat almost every day.主要的，重要的VocabularyA sterile plant is a plant which doesn’t
produce seeds or fruits.不结果的，不孕育VocabularyThe yield of rice in 2010 is higher than that of 2009.产量200920102 000 0003 000 000VocabularyIf we cross two plants , we produce a new
plant which is called a hybrid.杂交杂交种VocabularyA species is a type of plant or animal.物种VocabularyYuan Longpingfather of hybrid riceThe Student Who Asked QuestionsFast Reading Read the passage quickly and
1)know more about Yuan Longping.
2)find the general idea of each paragraph.Name: ________________
Nationality(国籍): _________
Major(主修): ___________
Inventions /Discoveries: ______________________________
When did he invent/discover:
________Yuan LongpingChineseAgricultureA naturally sterile male rice plantIn 1970Fill in the blanks according to the text.Para1Para 2Para 3 Para 4Para 5Para 6 A.He discovered a new type of rice.B.The yield of the new hybrid rice
is much greater than that of other types grown in Pakistan.C. Yuan Longping is a leading
figure in the rice-growing world. D.As a boy, he liked asking questions.E.As a young teacher, he began experiments
in crop breeding.F.His discoveries have brought
in great profit(收益 ).Part 1Part
2Part 3 I. The first paragraph1. Which country is the world’s largest rice producer?
2. Where is rice grown in the world?
3. Who is the leading figure in the rice-growing world?China.Many Asian countries and some European countries.Yuan Longping.Careful ReadingAs a boy, As a teacher,As a college student, In 1966,In 1970,he was given the nickname. he studied agriculture . he began experiments in crop breeding.the results of his experiments were published. a naturally sterile male rice plant was discovered.II. What did he do? (complete the sentences)2-4III.
1.The last two paragraphs mainly talk about_____.
A. China’s agriculture development
B. Yuan Longping’s elderly life
C. foreign countries’ agriculture revolution
D. Yuan Longping’s contributions to China and the world 5-62. What is the most important crop in Pakistan?
Wheat.
3. What’s the feature of the new hybrid rice?
Its yield is much greater than that of other types of rice grown in Pakistan.巩固提升：Have a discussion
Write a description about Yuan Longping.
Yuan Longping is…
He was born and brought up…
When he was a boy, he was given the nickname…
Later he studied…
Then he began...
At last he discovered…
As a result of his discoveries… Yuan Longping is a leading figure in the rice-growing world. He was born and brought up in China. When he was a boy, he was given the nickname “the student who asks questions”. Later he studied agriculture in college and as a young teacher he began experiments in crop breeding. Then he began his search for a special type of rice plant. At last he discovered a naturally sterile male rice plant. As a result of his discoveries, Chinese rice production rose very quickly.KeysIn your opinion, what has made
Yuan Longping a great scientist?
What have you learned from him?Anything is possible if you put your heart into it.knowledge hard work persistencebelief responsibility patienceThinking Review the words and read the text. HomeworkFY-chi man; do not show, and air negative natural bachi footer.
男儿不展风云志，空负天生八尺躯。课件30张PPT。Module 4 Great Scientists
Listening &Speaking &Writing1.Students can understand the new words and get the main information in the listening part.
2.Students can write a passage about a famous scientist.Learning aimsLook at the picture on page 36 in your textbook and answer. 1.What is happening in the picture?
There’s a TV quiz in a studio with audience.
2.What do you think the listening text is about?
(open answers)Listening and VocabularyLeading-inMatch the words with the meanings (Activity 4 on P36). award /discover /equal /measure /radiation /theory
1. a prize or money given to someone for something they have done 2. exactly the same 3. to find out how long, wide, heavy, etc. something is 4. to find 5. an idea, especially in science, that explains why or how something happens 6. a form of energy which comes from a nuclear reaction awardequalmeasurediscovertheoryradiationListen and find out the following answers. 1. What round of the quiz is it?
The second round.
2. What is the subject of this round?
Great Scientists.
3.What are the rules of the quiz?
The first person to answer correctly wins a point; if he or she answers incorrectly he or she loses a point, and the other person can then try and answer.4.How many contestants are there?
Two.
5.Are the questions easy or difficult?
Difficult.
6.Who wins the quiz?
Rachel.Listen to the tape again, then finish the exercise in activity 3, on Page 36.Answers:
1. born 2. published 3. given
4. famous for 5. hole
6. discovered, holes
7. holes measuredListen to the tape again, then fill in the blanks. Q.M: Boys and girls, we’re into the second round of “Superquiz”, and the subject of this round is “Great Scientists”. In this round, the first person to answer the question correctly____________. If he’s wrong, he _____ a point, and the question_________________
__________. At the moment, Matthew and Rachel are _______, with 36 points each.gets a pointgoes to the secondlosesequalcontestant First question: What is Einstein known for?
(buzzer) M: _______________________.The theory of relativityQ.M: Correct. _____________________?
(buzzer)
M: 1880.
Q.M: Wrong. Rachel?
R: 1879?
Q.M: Correct. The special theory of relativity
_____________ in 1905. ____________________ ?
(buzzer)
M: Einstein.
Q.M: Correct. Einstein was given an important award
in 1921. ________________________?was publishedWho was it written byWhat award was he givenWhen was Einstein born(buzzer)
M: Was he given the Nobel Physics Prize?
Q.M: Yes, he was. Well done. Next question:
What book is Stephen Hawking famous for?
(buzzer)
R: “_______________________” .
Q.M: Correct. When was it published?
(buzzer)
R: 1988.
Q.M: Correct. What is a “__________”?A Brief History of Timeblack hole(buzzer)
M: It’s a star that has collapsed in on itself.
Q.M: Correct. Who discovered black holes?
(buzzer)
M: They __________________Einstein.
Q.M: No, they were not discovered by Einstein,
they were discovered by Fred Hoyle.
____________________________? (silence)
Rachel?
R: Pass.
Q.M: Matthew?
M: They’re measured by the __________ that come from them.How are black holes measuredwere discovered bylight wavesQ.M: Wrong, they aren’t measured by light waves, they’re measured by the radiation that comes from them. __________________________________?
(buzzer)
R: Stephen Hawking?
Q. M: __________! It was discovered by Stephen Hawking. It's called the Hawking radiation. Now, Stephen Hawking _____________another reason. Does anyone know?Who was this radiation discovered byWell doneis famous for(buzzer)
M: He can’t walk and he can’t talk except with a machine.
Q. M: _____________. Do you know the name
of his disease?
(buzzer)
R: Motor neurone disease. He sits in a_______________ and he speaks _______________________.
Q.M: Correct. And at the end of this round Matthew has thirty-nine points and Rachel has forty-one points!That’s correctspecial wheelchairthrough a voice machineStephen HawkingWhen & where was he born?
Why was he famous?
When did he discover /invent…?Brainstorm: Do you know who he is?Reading and Writing 史蒂芬·霍金（Stephen William Hawking): 本世纪享有国际盛誉的伟人之一，被称为在世的最伟大的科学家。他出生于1942年，是剑桥大学应用数学及理论物理学系教授，是当代最重要的广义相对论和宇宙论家。70年代他与彭罗斯一道证明了著名的奇性定理，为此他们共同获得了1988年的沃尔夫物理奖。他因此被誉为继爱因斯坦之后世界上最著名的科学思想家和最杰出的理论物理学家。他还证明了黑洞的面积定理。1.a person who has been attacked, injured or killed as a result of a crime, an accident, etc.
2.to discover the cause of an illness or a problem
3.a book that sells in very large numbers
4.a kind of illness
5.the study of the origin and development of the universe
6.the state of being disabledvictimdiagnosebest-sellermotor neurone diseasedisabilitycosmologyMatch the words in the box with the definitions
best-seller cosmology diagnose disability
motor neurone disease victim Read the passage and write the number of the paragraph.
This paragraph explains why Hawking is famous.
Paragraph 3
This paragraph talks about Hawking’s personal life.
Paragraph 1
This paragraph talks about Hawking’s scientific career.
Paragraph 21.earn one’s (a) living 谋生= make one’s (a) living
You can’t expect to earn a living from your painting.
你不能指望靠画画来维持生计。
He earns his living by doing odd jobs.
他靠打零工来谋生。
【归纳拓展】
earn a fortune 挣大钱
earn sb. a reputation 为某人赢得名声Language Points2. come to/into power开始执政，当权，上台
When Hitler came into power，things for Jews were getting worse.
希特勒掌权后，犹太人的情况变得更糟糕了。
When did the Party come to power？
这个政党什么时候上台的？
It’s not in your power to cancel the order.
你无权取消这份订单。【归纳拓展】
have/hold power over sth. 对……有控制权
beyond one’s power 不能胜任，力所不能及
put...into power 使……执政/上台
fall into one’s power 落入某人的控制中
within one’s power 有能力；力所能及Up to this year，our Party has _____________ for 64 years.到今年为止，我党已执政64年了。been in power 【即学即练】 Writing
写作项目：人物传记的写作
题目要求：人物传记以写人物的生平及轶事为主，体裁一般为记叙文，此类文章的基本要素包含时间、地点、人物、事件等。写人物传记时，一般情况下将时间作为贯穿文章的主线，对人物的生卒年月、主要事迹及人们对他们的评论等进行叙述或描写，同时还要注意文章的逻辑结构。
根据下列所给信息，用100-120个词对爱因斯坦的生平做简要的介绍。
基本情况：1879年3月14日出生于德国
教育经历：14岁前自学数学；17岁开始在瑞士学习；
工作经历：1905-1915年进行物理方面的研究工作；1921年获诺贝尔奖；除了物理方面的工作外，还积极参与人权和人类进步方面的工作
性格和业余爱好：愿意独自一人生活，热爱音乐，对致富不感兴趣
总结：一个质朴但卓越的人 方法指导：
完成句子
1.As is agreed by all, Einstein is
__________________________________
(有史以来最伟大的科学家之一).
2.Einstein___________(出生于)Germany on March 14th,1879.
3. ________________（在他17岁的时候），
he______________ (开始学习) in Switzerland.one of the greatest scientists of all timewas born inAt the age of 17began to studydevotedtospent a lot of time showed no interestworking4.Between 1905 and 1915 he________ himself ___ (致力
于)his research in physics.
5.Apart from his physics research, he _______________
_______(花许多时间工作)for human rights and progress.
6.He__________________(不感兴趣) in becoming rich.
As is agreed by all, Einstein is one of the greatest scientists of all time. It’s his Theory of Relativity that changes our view about the universe.Einstein Einstein was born in Germany on March 14th,1879. He had already learned maths all by himself by the age of 14. At the age of 17 ，he began to study in Switzerland. Between 1905 and 1915 he devoted himself to his research in physics. In 1921 he was given the Nobel Prize. Apart from his physics research, he spent a lot of time working for human rights and progress.He was fond of living alone and enjoyed music. He showed no interest in becoming rich. Such is Einstein, a simple man with great achievement. Homework
Write a passage about a scientist.Take binoculars to see other people, take a magnifying glass to see himself.
拿望远镜看别人，拿放大镜看自己。课件25张PPT。Module 4 Great Scientists
Period 1 Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary(1)Ⅰ. 根据音标、词性和汉语写出单词
1. _______ (n. )生物学
2. ______ (n. )植物学
3. _______ (n. )动物学
4. ______ (adj. )主要的; 重要的
5. ______ (n. )人物
6. _________ (n. )绰号biologybotanyzoologystaplefigurenickname7. ______ (n. ) (动物或植物的)种
8. _____ (n. )产量
9. ____________ (n. )突破
10. _______ (vt. )支持
11. _______ (vt. )改变; 转换
12. ______ (vt. )出口
13. _______ (vt. )取代; 以……代替
14. ________ (n. )数量
15. _______ (n. )质量speciesyieldbreakthroughsupportconvertexportreplacequantityqualityⅡ. 根据词性和汉语写出单词, 并注意拓展词汇
1. ________(n. )生产者→__________(n. )产量→produce(vt. )生产;
制造(n. )农产品→product(n. )产品; 产物
2. _______(adj. )主要的→lead(v. )引领; 领先; 通往(n. )领先(地位)→
leader(n. )领袖; 领导人
3. _______(vt. )教育→education(n. )教育; 培养→educational(adj. )教
育的; 有教育意义的→educator(n. )教育家; 教师producerproductionleadingeducate4. __________(n. )农业→___________(adj. )农业的
5. ________(n. )培育→breed(v. )繁殖; 饲养; 培育
6. _______(adj. )原来的; 最初的→origin(n. )起源; 根源; 出身→
originally(adv. )本来, 原来
7. _______(vt. )出版→publication(n. )出版; 出版物→publisher(n. )
出版商agricultureagriculturalbreedingoriginalpublishⅢ. 短语互译
1. ___________ 由于……的结果
2. _______ 引进; 招来
3. ______________________ 在种植水稻的世界
4. ______ 增长了
5. ________ 培养; 养育
6. convert. . . into/to. . . _________________as a result ofbring inin the rice-growing worldrise bybring up把……转换成……7. search for __________
8. experiment with _______________
9. the key to. . . ___________
10. in the 1990’s _______________搜索, 寻找用……来做实验……的关键在20世纪90年代Step 1 Leading in
Match the scientists with their achievements. ①b②d③f④a⑤e⑥ca. Theory of relativity
b. Father of China’s aerospace
c. A Brief History of Time
d. Discovered radium
e. Universal gravitation
f. Father of Hybrid RiceStep 2 Fast Reading
Divide the whole passage into three parts and tell the main idea
of each part.
A. His school life and how he discovered hybrid rice.
B. How important his discovery was.
C. Yuan Longping is a leading figure in the rice-growing world.
Part 1(Para. 1): ____
Part 2(Paras. 2~4): ____
Part 3(Paras. 5、6): ____ C? A? B?Step 3 Careful Reading
Ⅰ. Choose the best answers according to the passage.
1. Yuan Longping _______ .
A. is a leading scientist in industry
B. was born and brought up in China
C. was educated in a famous school for many years
D. was given a nickname because he was very naughty2. The only way that Yuan Longping thought to produce more rice quickly was _______ .
A. to be interested in plants
B. to study agriculture in college
C. to begin experiments in crop breeding
D. to cross different species of rice plant3. Please choose the RIGHT order of the following events about Yuan Longping.
a. Yuan Longping’s rice was exported to other countries.
b. The results of his experiments were published in China.
c. He studied agriculture in college.
d. The government supported his research group to develop the new system of rice.
e. He began experiments in crop breeding.
A. c, e, b, d, a B. e, b, d, a, c
C. b, c, d, a, e D. e, c, b, d, a4. The results of Yuan Longping’s experiments were first published
in _______ .
A. 1960 B. 1966 C. 1970 D. 1990
5. Yuan Longping searched for a special type of rice plant which had to be _______ .
A. male and sterile B. male and fertile(可繁殖的)
C. female and sterile D. female and fertileⅡ. Sentence explanation.
Find out these sentences in Reading and complete the following
exercises.
1. As a boy he was educated in many schools and was given the
nickname, “the student who asks questions”.
分析: (1)本句为复合句。其中and连接两个并列的_____结构的谓
语动词。
(2) ___________________________是the nickname的同位语, 是对
the nickname的解释、说明。
(3) _________________是定语从句, 修饰先行词__________。被动the student who asks questionswho asks questionsthe student句意: 孩提时, 他在很多学校接受教育, 并且得到这样一个绰号
“_________________”。总爱问问题的学生2. He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and
to produce it more quickly.
分析: (1)这是一个复合句, ____引导一个宾语从句, 并列连词____连接
两个表语to have more rice和to produce it more quickly。
(2)the key to sth. /doing sth. ……的关键。
句意: 他认为, ___________________________拥有更多的稻米, 并且能
更快地生产出来。thatand解决人们吃饭问题的关键在于3. He thought there was only one way to do this—by crossing different species of rice plant, and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants. 分析:
不定式作way的后置定语
↑
He thought(there was only one way to do this)—by crossing
↓ ↓
宾语从句, 省略引导词that “通过……的手段”(by+doing)
different species of rice plant, and then he could produce a new plant
↓ ↓
连接两个并列句 先行词
(which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants).
↓
定语从句, 修饰a new plant句意: 他认为只有一种方法可以做这件事——通过杂交不同种类的水
稻, 然后就可以生产出一种___________________________________。比原先任何一种水稻产量都高的新品种Step 4 Retelling
Try to retell the main idea of the passage.
Yuan Longping is a 1. _______ figure in the rice-growing world in
China. He was 2. _________ in plants from an early age, and he went
to study 3. __________ in college and began 4. ____ breeding
experiments as a young teacher. Then he brought up a plan to produce
more rice by crossing different 5. ______ of rice plant. He put his plan
into practice and the results were 6. _________ in China in 1966. In
1970, he discovered 7. __ naturally sterile male rice plant, which was a
8. ____________. leadinginterestedagriculturecropspeciespublishedabreakthrough As a result of Yuan Longping’s discoveries, Chinese rice
9. __________ rose by 47. 5% in the 1990’s, and 50, 000 square
kilometres of rice fields were 10. _________ to growing vegetables
and other cash crops. Besides, some other countries shared the
result of his discoveries. productionconvertedStep 5 Discussion
Suppose one of us is talking about Yuan Longping. What topic should we talk about?
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________
3. ______________________________Yuan’s school life and how he discovered the special type of rice.The influence of the new hybrid rice.What we have learned from Yuan.课件80张PPT。Module 4 Great Scientists
Period 2 Reading and Vocabulary(2)
1. figure n. 人物
【读一读 ? 品味语境】
figure除了作名词表示“人物”外, 还有“人影、身材、数字、图表、塑像”等意思; 另外作动词表示“认为、计算”等意思。阅读下列句子, 并在括号内填入figure的含义。
①Mahatma Gandhi was both a political and a religious figure in
Indian history. ( )
②I saw a figure approaching in the darkness. ( )
③Everybody of us admired her slender figure. ( )
④The above figure did not include workers. ( )
⑤Our textbook has many figures to help explain the lessons. ( )
⑥The mass of clay was worked up into a reclining figure. ( )
⑦They figured it was better to stay where they were. ( )
⑧Figure the total and I’ll pay it with a cheque. ( )人物人影身材数字图表塑像认为计算【看一看 ? 巧学助记】多变的figure【记一记 ? 知识延伸】
figure in 包括; 计算在内
figure on 计划; 预料到
figure out 理解; 弄明白
figure up 把……加起来【练一练 ? 活学活用】
1. ①他已经成了一个众所周知的政坛名人。
He has become a political ______ known to everyone.
用适当的介词或副词填空。
②I forgot to figure __ our travel expenses in the account.
③We did not figure ___ having so many people at the picnic.
④Please figure ___ how much I’d pay for all these.
⑤Could you help me figure ___ this problem?figureinonupout⑥—That’s me when I graduated from college. See what I look like now.
—Why not take up exercise to improve your _______ ?
A. look B. form C. shadow D. figure【解析】选D。句意: ——那就是大学毕业时的我。看看我现在的样子。——为什么不开始锻炼来保持身材呢?由“take up exercise”与“that’s me when I graduated from college”的对比, 可知这个人现在身材不好了。improve your figure保持你的身材, 符合句意。⑦(2015·宁波高一检测)His teacher’s words allow him to discover that he can get over his disappointment and _______ what he can do to get what he wants in the future.
A. figure out B. carry out
C. rule out D. drop out【解析】选A。句意: 他老师的话让他发现他可以克服沮丧情绪, 并想清楚他做什么才能在未来得到自己想要的东西。figure out弄清楚, 符合语境。carry out执行; rule out排除……的可能性; drop out退学, 退出。根据句意应选A。2. bring up培养; 养育
【读一读 ? 品味语境】
※The couple managed to bring up their children on a small income.
这对夫妻设法以微薄的收入把孩子抚养长大。
※The doctor gave the patient an emetic in order to make him bring up the poison he had swallowed.
医生给病人吃催吐药以使他把吞进去的毒药吐出来。※Anything else you want to bring up for discussion?
还有什么要提出来讨论的吗?
※He gave much attention and thought to bring up his children.
他在教育孩子方面花了大量的心血。【填一填 ? 自我归纳】
bring up除了表示“培养, 养育”外, 还有“_____、_____、_____”
等意思。呕吐提出教育【记一记 ? 知识延伸】
bring about 带来; 导致
bring in 引进; 生产; 增加
bring out 出版; 生产; 揭示; 取出
bring down 降低; 打倒; 击落
bring back 拿回来; 使恢复
bring along 带来; 使……发展
bring on 提高; 端上饭菜【辨一辨 ? 明晰异同】
grow up意为“成长; 长大”, 是不及物动词短语; 而bring up意为“抚养; 养大”, 是及物动词短语。【练一练 ? 活学活用】
2. ①It was quite a job for her to _____ ___ several children all by
herself during the war.
在战争年代, 她一个人拉扯好几个孩子, 真难为她了。
②The farmers are ________ the apples __ early this year because
of the warm weather.
由于今年气候暖和, 农夫们正提前摘苹果。bringupbringingin③On your way home from your aunt’s, will you _____ some coffee
_____?
你从姑母家回来时, 买点儿咖啡带回来好吗?
④Suddenly the man _______ a gun ___ and threatened the driver
with it.
那男子突然掏出手枪威胁司机。bringbackbroughtout⑤Young children should be _______ to be honest and equal.
A. brought up B. brought out
C. brought down D. brought in
【解析】选A。句意: 小孩子应该被教育成为诚实、公正的人。bring up抚养, 教育; bring out生产, 出版, 揭示; bring down降低, 打倒, 击落; bring in引进, 生产。根据句意选A。3. support vt. 支持
【读一读 ? 品味语境】
※The vice president insisted that he supported the hard-working people of New York.
副总统坚称他支持辛勤工作的纽约人。
※Bill had to support Jill or she would have fallen to the floor.
比尔只得支撑住吉尔, 不然她就会摔倒在地。※Air, food and water are necessary to support life.
空气、食物和水是维持生命所必需的物质。
※Our school is supported by the government.
政府赞助我校的办学费用。【填一填 ? 自我归纳】
support除了作动词表示“支持”外, 还有“_____、_____、_____”
等意思。支撑维持赞助【记一记 ? 知识延伸】
support n. 支持, 支柱
in support of 支持; 证明
come to one’s support 来支持某人
supporter n. 支持者; 抚养者; 支撑物※Your support has meant a lot to me during this difficult time.
在这困难时期, 你的支持给了我很大的帮助。
※Put a support under it, in case the wall breaks down.
在它下面放一根支柱以防墙体倒塌。【练一练 ? 活学活用】
3. ①They _____ _________ ___ us both materially and spiritually.
他们既得到了我们物质上的支持也得到我们精神上的声援。
②A successful scientist must produce enough evidence __ _______ __
his theory. 一个成功的科学家必须提出足够的论据以支持其理论。weresupportedbyinsupportof③The old man has a problem with his legs and therefore he has to _______ himself with a cane.
A. help B. support C. raise D. lift
【解析】选B。句意: 那个老人腿有问题, 因此他不得不用一根拐杖支撑自己。support himself with a cane用一根拐杖撑着自己, 符合句意。help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事; raise举起; lift抬起。④My sister was against the idea, while my brother was _______ it.
A. in terms of B. in support of
C. in need of D. in case of
【解析】选B。句意: 我的姐姐反对这个主意而我的弟弟却支持它。in support of支持, 赞同, 符合句意。in terms of从……角度而言; in need of需要……; in case of假如, 万一。4. as a result of由于……的结果
【读一读 ? 品味语境】
※Her hair started falling out as a result of radiation treatment.
由于放疗, 她开始掉头发。
※Many boys tend to bend the corners of book pages over and, as a result, damage their books fast.
许多男孩子都有折书角的习惯, 结果书破损得很快。
※The accident resulted in the death of two passengers.
=The death of two passengers resulted from the accident.
这场事故造成两名乘客死亡。【填一填 ? 自我归纳】
①as a result _______(表示结果, 后面接句子)
②result in _____
③result from _______结果为导致起因于【辨一辨 ? 明晰异同】表示“原因”“由于”的形式
(1)介词短语类: because of; thanks to; owing to; due to; as a consequence of;
(2)连词类: because; since; for; now that; as。【练一练 ? 活学活用】
4. ①There was a substantial growth of industry and foreign trade
increased __ __ _____.
由于工业的大发展, 对外贸易也发展了。
②Unfortunately, more than one hundred people died __ __ _____ __
fire and explosion in Tianjin port.
不幸的是, 由于天津港的大火和爆炸, 有100多人丧生。asaresultasaresultof③He didn’t pass the exam _______ his long absence from school.
A. as a result B. after all
C. as a result of D. because
【解析】选C。句意: 由于长期缺课, 他没有通过考试。分析句子结构可知, 此处需要一个表示原因的介词(短语), as a result of由于, 符合句意, 所以C项正确。as a result结果; after all毕竟; because因为, 后跟原因状语从句。5. replace vt. 取代; 以……代替
【读一读 ? 品味语境】
※Can anything replace a mother’s love and care?
有什么东西能取代母亲的爱和关怀吗?
※He picked them up and replaced them in the bag.
他把它们捡了起来, 放回包里。
※I will replace the cup I have broken with a new one.
我愿用一只新杯子替换被我打碎的那只。【填一填 ? 自我归纳】
①replace 除了有“取代; 以……代替”的含义外, 还有
“_______________”之意。
②replace. . . with/by ___________把……放回原处用……替换【记一记 ? 知识延伸】
in place of 替代
instead of 代替; 而不是
take the place of=take one’s place 代替【练一练 ? 活学活用】
5. 句型转换。
①It is said that Foxconn will use a number of robots in place of
most of its workers.
= It is said that Foxconn will _______ most of its workers ____ a
number of robots. replacewith②When you have finished the book, please _______ it on the shelf.
A. replace B. instead of
C. in place of D. take the place of
【解析】选A。句意: 当你读完这本书, 请把它放回书架上。replace代替, 放回原处。instead of与in place of为介词短语表示“代替”; take the place of为动词短语表示“代替”。6. quantity n. 数量
【读一读 ? 品味语境】
※It’s wrong to sacrifice quality to quantity.
牺牲质量去追求数量是错误的。
※The food was enough in quantity, but not very good in quality.
这种饭菜在量方面是足够了, 但质方面不是很好。
※A large quantity of water is stored in the reservoir.
水库里存了大量的水。
※Great quantities of sand were washed down the hillside by the rain.
雨水把大量的泥沙冲下山坡。【填一填 ? 自我归纳】
①__________ 在数量上; 大量, 大批
②a quantity of __________(修饰可数或不可数名词, 作主语
时谓语动词常用单数)
③___________ 许多; 大量(修饰可数或不可数名词, 作主语
时谓语动词常用复数)in quantity许多; 大量quantities of【记一记 ? 知识延伸】
(1)只接可数名词的有:
a great/good many; a large/great/good number of; quite a few。
(2)只接不可数名词的有:
a great deal of; a great amount of; quite a little。
(3)既可以接可数名词也可以接不可数名词的有:
a lot of = lots of; plenty of; a large/great quantity of=large/great quantities of。【练一练 ? 活学活用】
6. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
①A large quantity of steam __(be)required by modern industry.
②Large quantities of steam ___(be)required by modern industry.
③The data is limited __ both quality and ________.
这份资料在质量和数量上都很有限。isareinquantity④—Why does the lake smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of water _______ .
A. have polluted B. is being polluted
C. has been polluted D. have been polluted
【解析】选D。句意: ——为什么湖水这么难闻?——因为大量的水已经被污染了。large quantities作主语, 谓语要用复数, 故B和C项错; 另外, pollute与water是被动关系, 故用其被动语态。⑤ _______ food are stored in the tunnel in winter.
A. Large quantities of B. A great many
C. A large number of D. Quite a few
【解析】选A。句意: 很多食物冬天被储存在地道里。四个选项中只有选项A可以后接不可数名词, 故选A。7. In the rice-growing world, the Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping, is a leading figure. 在水稻种植领域, 中国的科学家袁隆平是一位杰出人士。
【填一填 ? 句型剖析】
(1)本句中Yuan Longping作the Chinese scientist的同位语, 指的是同一个人。同位语可以是单词、短语或从句。
(2)rice-growing是复合形容词, 在句中作前置定语, 修饰world, 意思是“种植水稻的”。(3)在名词与动词构成的复合形容词中, 若名词与动词构成逻辑上的被
动关系或者系表关系时, 动词用现在分词; 若名词与动词构成逻辑上
的主谓关系, 动词用过去分词。
①Mr Smith, ____ ____ _______, is very kind to us.
我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。
②Australia is an _______________ country.
澳大利亚是一个讲英语的国家。
③There are so many __________ flying objects now orbiting earth.
现在有许多人造飞行器在地球轨道上运行。 ournewteacherEnglish-speakingman-made【练一练 ? 活学活用】
7. ①Yesterday I talked to Mr James, ___ _______ _______.
昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了。
②As is known to everyone, the Chinese is a hard-working as well as ___________ nation.
众所周知, 中华民族是一个勤劳而热爱和平的民族。myEnglishteacherpeace-loving③It was really a cold winter. The sharp winds blew over the _______ fields.
A. covering-snow B. snow-covering
C. snow-covered D. covered-snow
【解析】选C。句意: 这的确是一个寒冷的冬天。凛冽的寒风扫过被雪覆盖的田野。名词与动词构成逻辑上的主谓关系, 应该用“名词-过去分词”形式作定语。【备选要点】
1. leading adj. 主要的
【读一读 ? 品味语境】
※She is one of the leading writers of her days.
她是她那个时代主要的作家之一。
※The schoolmaster met us and led us around the campus.
校长接待了我们, 并带我们在校园里转了转。※Lack of exercise can lead to feelings of depression and exhaustion.
缺乏锻炼会导致抑郁和疲劳。
※Only in socialist countries can the people lead a happy life.
只有在社会主义国家, 人民才能过上幸福的生活。
※He always takes the lead in response to the government’s call.
他总是带头响应政府的号召。【填一填 ? 自我归纳】
①lead sb. around. . . _______________
②lead to __________
③lead a(n). . . life _____________
④____ n. 领先; 领先地位
⑤take the lead ____________领某人参观……导致; 通向过……的生活lead带头; 居首位【辨一辨 ? 明晰异同】【练一练 ? 活学活用】
1. ①He taught chemistry at a _______ independent school.
他在一所重点私立学校教化学。
②Active thoughts ____ __ active life and vice versa.
积极思考铸就积极人生, 反之亦然。
③Near the end of the race, he ____ ___ ____.
比赛快结束时, 他领先了。leadingleadtotookthelead用lead的正确形式填空。
④____ around the city by our guide we visited many places of interest.
⑤With the boy _______ us, we had no difficulty finding your house.
⑥The athletes’ hard training ___ to the major breakthrough of the
Chinese team at the 2015 Beijing world athletics championships. Ledleadingled选择适当的词填空(lead, guide, direct)。
⑦Could you ______me how to get to the station?
⑧I ______ the tourists around the Great Wall.
⑨She ___ the way downstairs for us. directguidedled⑩People around here all feel that he’s _______ colourful life.
A. leading a B. leading to
C. lead to D. learned to
【解析】选A。句意: 这附近的人都觉得他过着丰富多彩的生活。lead a(n). . . life过……的生活, 符合句意。2. convert vt. 改变; 转换
【读一读 ? 品味语境】
※Electrical energy may be converted into heat, light or chemical energy.
电能可以被转换成热能、光能或化学能。
※I want to convert the money into US dollars and send it to America.
我想把钱兑换成美元再寄到美国。【填一填 ? 自我归纳】
①___________________________ 被改成某事/做某事
②convert sth. into sth. __________________be converted to sth. /doing sth.把……变成(转化成)【练一练 ? 活学活用】
2. ①That building has _____ _________ ____ a school.
那座楼房已经改成学校了。beenconvertedinto②With the fast development of economy, a lot of farmlands were _______ to industrial, residential or other uses.
A. replaced B. converted C. made D. returned
【解析】选B。句意: 随着经济的快速发展, 许多农田被用于工业、住宅或其他的用途上。be converted to. . . 被改成……。3. search for寻找, 搜寻……
【读一读 ? 品味语境】
※ After he felt better, he searched for work at the various mills.
他感到好些后, 就在各工厂找工作。
※ They searched all the drawers for the missing paper.
他们翻了所有的抽屉寻找那份遗失的文件。
※The police searched her for drugs.
警察搜查她, 看她身上是否藏有毒品。【填一填 ? 自我归纳】
①_________=look for 寻找, 搜寻……(接搜查后要找的东西)
②______________________ 为……而搜查……search forsearch sb. /sp. for sb. /sth.【记一记 ? 知识延伸】
in search of 寻找; 搜寻
search into 调查; 研究
search after/for 探索; 寻找【练一练 ? 活学活用】
3. ①We ________ everywhere ___ the missing child, but in vain.
我们到处寻找那失踪的孩子, 但没有找到。
②The general manager promised to ______ ____ the matter.
总经理承诺调查此事。searchedforsearchinto③As they entered the forest, they began to _______ a suitable camping spot.
A. hope for B. search for
C. long for D. pay for
【解析】选B。句意: 当他们进入森林时, 就开始寻找合适的露营地点。search for寻找, 搜寻, 符合句意。hope for希望(有), 期待(得到); long for渴望, 极想; pay for为……付钱。4. the key to. . . ……的关键
【读一读 ? 品味语境】
※Diet and relaxation are two important keys to good health.
规定饮食和放松身心是保持健康的两个要诀。
※The key to creating a peaceful home lies in how you feel about your
home. 创造一个平和的家庭的关键在于你对家的感觉。
(the key to sth. /doing. . . 意为: ___________, 其中to是介词, 后接名词
或动名词)…… 的关键【练一练 ? 活学活用】
4. ①____ ____ __ _______ is to be ready from the start.
成功的关键在于从一开始就要准备充分。Thekeytosuccess②(2015·广州高一检测)The key _______ the problem of traffic jams is to pay the“congestion charge” _______ by the mayor of London.
A. to solving; introducing
B. to solve; introducing
C. to solving; introduced
D. to solve; introduced【解析】选C。句意: 解决交通拥堵问题的关键是支付伦敦市长提出的“拥堵费”。the key to doing sth. 意为“做某事的关键”, to为介词, 后面接名词或动名词。congestion charge和introduce之间是被动关系, 故选introduced, 相当于which was introduced。5. rise by增长了
【读一读 ? 品味语境】
※ Tourist trips of all kinds in Britain rose by 10. 5% between 1977 and 1987. 英国各种旅游项目在1977至1987年间增加了10. 5%。
※ The number of known satellites in the solar system rose to 32.
太阳系里已知的卫星数量增加到32个。
※ As the snow melts, the waterflood rises.
雪融化的时候, 洪水会上涨。【填一填 ? 自我归纳】
①rise vi. _____ n. _____
②rise to _______上升上升增长到【记一记 ? 知识延伸】
(1)类似短语:
increase by 增加了 increase to 增加到
reduce by 减少了 reduce to 减少到
(2)on the rise 在增加, 在上涨 give rise to 使发生, 引起
rise up 上升, 起义 rise from 从……升起, 由……复活【看一看 ? 巧学助记】raise只是比rise多了个“a”吗?
不要小瞧一个“a”, 两个单词大不同;
raise及物“使上升”; rise不及物是“上升”。【练一练 ? 活学活用】
5. ①The real income per person ____ ___about 10 per cent in the last two years.
在过去的两年里每人的实际收入增长了约百分之十。
②The population of the city ___ _____ __ five million.
该市人口已增加到五百万。rosebyhasrisento③As a result of the use of the new technology, the production of this product _______ 50 percent.
A. has risen to B. has been raised to
C. has risen by D. has been risen by
【解析】选C。句意: 由于使用了新技术, 这种产品的生产已经增加了50%。rise为不及物动词, 不可用于被动语态, 另外, 表示增减的程度应用介词by, 故选C。④(2015·天津高一检测)The number of the students has grown from
1, 500 to 2, 500. This means it has risen _______ 66. 7 per cent.
A. by B. to C. of D. with
【解析】选A。句意: 学生的数量已经从1 500增加到2 500人。这意味着数量已经增加了66. 7 %。rise to增加到; rise by增加了。根据句意选A。6. Its yield is much greater than the yield of other types of rice grown
in Pakistan. 它的产量远高于巴基斯坦其他种类的水稻。
【填一填 ? 句型剖析】
(1)本句是一个much修饰比较级的句型, much修饰比较级意为“_____
_____”。
(2)比较级前可用a bit, a little, some(肯定句及表示请求或建议的问句
中), any(否定句或疑问句中)等表示“____________”; 用rather, much,
far, a great/good deal, a lot, a good bit等表示“_________”。……得多稍稍, 一点儿……得多①Can you move a little farther?
译: ______________________
②Do you feel any better today?
译: ______________________
③Let’s go by car. It’s much cheaper.
译: ___________________________
④The result of the match turned out far better than I had expected.
译: _____________________________你可以挪得稍远一点吗?你今天觉得好一点了吗?咱们开车去。这样便宜得多。比赛的结果比我预料的好得多。【悟一悟 ? 参透误区】修饰比较级的副词误区
①在作定语的形容词的比较级前一般只用far或much。
②在修饰或代替复数可数名词的more前不用much, 而要用many。
③用still, even, yet表示“更加”, 其中still只用于肯定句中。
④表示确定程度的修饰语, 如分数或有关长度、时间、重量等名词词组通常放在比较级前, 也可由by引出且置于比较级之后。【练一练 ? 活学活用】
6. 根据汉语提示填入表示程度的单词。
①It’s _____(很)colder today than it was yesterday.
②There are ___(多)more people than we expected.
③The next day she got up ____(更)earlier.
④If you can jump ____(一点)higher, I will give you a prize. muchfarstilla bit⑤—Are you feeling _______ ?
—Yes, I’m fine now.
A. any well B. any better
C. quite good D. quite better
【解析】选B。句意: ——你觉得好点了吗?——是的, 我现在很好。any可修饰比较级用于否定句或疑问句中; quite修饰原级; well的比较级为better。⑥The experiment was _______ easier than we had expected.
A. more B. much more
C. much D. more much
【解析】选C。句意: 这个实验比我们所预料的要简单得多。much可修饰比较级easier, 意为“简单得多”。故C为正确答案。课件31张PPT。Module 4 Great Scientists
Reading and Vocabulary（II）1. Learn some new words and phrases about great scientists .
2. Learn some knowledge about great scientists.
3. Learn some language points in the text.Learning aimsArchimedes
(阿基米德)Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?Ancient Greek
(287BC-212BC)a mathematicianLeading-inCharles DarwinWho wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?the Origin of Species“Father of Modern Biology”Marie CurieWho discovered radium?Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?Thomas EdisonStephen Hawking The result he discovered was that black holes should not be completely black, but should give out radiation (射线) and disappear in the end. Another conclusion is that the universe has no edge or limit. This would mean that the way the universe began was completely decided by the laws of science. 1 .In the rice-growing world, the Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping, is a leading figure.
在水稻种植界，中国科学家袁隆平是一位重要人士。
1) rice-growing:复合形容词 种植水稻的
常见的这种形式的复合形容词还有：
a paper-making factory ：
peace-loving people ：an English-speaking country :一个说英语的国家一个造纸厂热爱和平的人们Language points2）leading adj. 主要的，领先的
Britain's future as a leading industrial nation depends on investment.
作为一个主要工业国英国的未来要倚赖投资。She is one of the leading writers of her days.
她是那个时代主要的作家之一。【知识拓展】lead v. 领先；带领；导致；过……的生活
lead to 导致
lead a ...life 过着……的生活 Smoking can lead to lung cancer.
吸烟可能导致肺癌。
Though having no money, he led a happy life.
虽然没有钱，他仍然过得很快乐。人物人影画像 体形 数字弄明白,理解 3） figure n. 人物；人影，体形，数字，图案；画像
v. 演算，认为，领会到
① She was one of the great figures in history.
② I saw a lonely figure on the beach.
③ a figure of the queen
④ She does exercise every morning to keep her figure.
⑤ He wrote the date in figures.
⑥ Can you figure out how to do it? (2015·福建高考)—I wonder Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
A. where B. how C. why D. if
【解题关键】句意:——我想知道玛丽这些年是如何保持她的身材的。——通过每天锻炼。根据答语可知问句中问的是“保持身材的方法”,用how。【高考链接】2 . bring up
抚养；教育，培养；提出（议题）；呕吐
She was brought up to be honest.
她从小就被教育要诚实。
In the course of study they brought up many questions.
在学习的过程中，他们提出了很多问题。
He was so ill that he brought up everything.
他病得很厉害，吐出了所有(吃的)东西。【知识拓展】
bring down 降低，降价；使……落下/倒下
bring about 引起;导致
bring back 归还；使记起；使恢复
bring in 赚钱，使获利；请来；引进
bring out 拿出；使显现；说明；阐明；出版
bring on 引起；导致2. Good harvest will bring _____ the prices.
好的收成会拉低价格。
3. Science has brought ______ many changes in our lives.
科学为我们生活带来了很多变化。down【即学即练】用合适的介词填空 1.A doctor was brought ___to advise the company.
请来了一名博士当公司的顾问。in about3. He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.
他认为，解决人们吃饭问题的关键在于拥有更多的稻米，并且能更快地生产出来。
? the key to sth. /doing sth. 某事/做某事的关键
Diet and exercise are the keys to good health.
身体健康的关键是饮食和运动。
What is the key to solving the problem?
解决这个问题的关键是什么？ 4. He thought there was only one way to do this—by crossing different species of rice plant.
他认为唯一的方法就是通过使不同的水稻杂交 。
1) (one) way to do sth. = (one) way of doing sth.
做某事的方法
That’s not a right way to solve the problem.
那不是解决问题的正确途径。
I’m not happy with this way to work/of working.
我不喜欢这种工作方式。
2) by sth./doing sth.通过……的方式
Switch it on by pressing this button.
按下这个开关启动它。5. search n. 搜寻，搜查 vt.& vi.搜寻，搜查
n. in search of/ for寻找, 试图发现
make a search for 搜索，寻求，追求
v. search for 寻找；搜寻=look for search sb.搜身
search sp. for sb./sth. 搜某地寻找某人/某物
search after 寻找；追求
Many people were sent out to ___________ the lost boy.
许多人被派去寻找那个失踪的男孩。
Hundreds of policemen searched Mount Tai for the three tigers.search for 几百名警察搜索泰山，寻找那三只老虎。【即学即练】 A group of soldiers went into the woods ______ the missing pilot.
A. in search of B. search for
C. searched of D. searched for6. support v. 支持；支撑；资助；维持；供养；养活
n. [U]支持；拥护；供养；生计
She supports two children.
她供养两个孩子。
I hope to have your support in the election.
我希望在选举中得到你的支持。
【知识拓展】support sb. in sth. 在……方面支持某人
support one’s family 养家糊口
in support of sb./ sth.支援某人/某事【即学即练】 As a laid-off worker, it is hard for her father to
____ the family, let alone send his children to key
schools.
A.bring up B. raise
C. support D. supply7. convert vt. 改变，转换；使改变信仰；兑换
The room was converted from a kitchen to a bedroom.
这个房间由厨房改成了卧室。
The priest converted many natives to Christianity.
这个牧师使许多土著居民改信基督教。
He wanted to convert his dollars into Japanese yen.
他想将美元换成日元。
【归纳拓展】
convert sth. into/to sth.把……改变成/兑换成……
convert sb. (from sth.) to sth. 使某人改变信仰……【即学即练】完成句子
①The solar cell can _______ the energy of sunlight ____ electric energy.
太阳能电池能把阳光的能量转化为电能。
②All the bank bill _________________ cash.
所有的银行票据都兑换成了现金。convertintowas converted into8. replace vt. 取代；以……代替；把……放回原处
Can anything replace a mother’s love?
有什么东西能取代母爱吗？
He replaced Li Hua as a monitor.
=He took Li Hua’s place as a monitor.
=He was elected monitor taking the place of Li Hua.
他取代李华当选为班长。
【知识拓展】 replace sth. with/ by 以……代替/替换
be replaced by/ with 被……所替代
replace sb./sth.=take the place of sb./sth.=take one’s place 替代某人/某物9. quantity n. 量，数量
If you buy it in quantity, it’s a lot cheaper.
大批量购买要便宜得多。
A large quantity of money has been spent in bringing up his children.
=Quantities of money have been spent in bringing up his children.
他花了大量的钱来培养自己的孩子。【名师点津】 a quantity of 与 quantities of
①两者都既可修饰可数名词复数，也可修饰不可数名词。
②a quantity 修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数常依据of后面的名词而定。
③ quantities of 短语作主语时，无论of后接可数名词复数还是不可数名词，谓语动词都用复数形式。10. Its yield is much greater than the yield of other types of rice grown in Pakistan.
它的产量比巴基斯坦所种植的其他品种的水稻产量都要高很多。
? much修饰比较级，意为“……得多”。
He is much older，but much more energetic than I am.
虽然他年龄很大，但是精力比我充沛得多。比较级的修饰语:
1）a bit，a little, rather, some(肯定句及表请求或建议的问句中)，any(否定句或疑问句中)等表示“稍稍，一点儿”；
2）用much，far，a great/good deal，a lot，a good bit等表示“……得多”。【知识拓展】
2.The old lady came in, _________ herself with a walking stick.这位老太太拄着拐杖走了进来。Class exercises1.A group of soldiers went into the woods __________ the missing pilot.
一队士兵进入树林，为了寻找那个失踪的飞行员。in search ofsupporting3. As a result of the earthquake, a large _______ of earth _____ blocked several rivers there.
由于地震，大量的泥土已经堵住了这儿的好几条河流。quantityhas4.The key _____ this country a comfortable and clean place to live in is to control industrial pollution.
A. keeping B. to keeping C. to keep D. keep
5. If children are badly _____ , they will behave badly.
A. brought up B. brought out
C. brought back D. brought inHomework
Review language points we have learned this class.Man errs as long as he strives. — Goethe
失误是进取的代价。 —— 歌德
