阅读理解-推理判断题（写作意图隐含推断）学案（含答案）-2025届高三英语二轮复习专项
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| 名称 | 阅读理解-推理判断题（写作意图隐含推断）学案（含答案）-2025届高三英语二轮复习专项 |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-01-26 12:46:09 | ||
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专题一 阅读理解
学案1.21推理判断--写作意图与隐含推理
二轮复习
姓名： 班 级： 学号：
【预习要求】识记不同文体写作目的的区别并运用解题策略完成典例
一、学习目标
【考点归纳】
推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。推理判断题主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的逻辑推理能力。它所涉及的内容可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括细节推理题、写作意图题、观点态度题和文章出处题或读者对象题等。
【易错易混点归纳】
二、解题策略
技法一 隐含推断题——关键词句细推敲
隐含推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助语境进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解关键词句的真正含义， 才可能作出准确的推断。一般题干主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(得出结论)，illustrate〔举例〕说明，demonstrate说明，证实和assume(假定，设想)。
设问方式
1．It can be inferred/concluded from the text that .
2．What can we infer/learn from...
3．We can learn from the passage that .
4．The passage/story...indicates/suggests/implies that .
解此类试题常用“推敲关键词句”法。解题流程如下：
陷阱（一） 主观臆断
某些选项没有基于原文进行推断，而是主观猜测想象或根据常识进行猜测。
【典例1】 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读B篇节选）
Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read？ Yes， we all have our phones， but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well， there’s a kiosk （小亭） for that.In the San Francisco Bay Area， at least.
“You enter the fare gates （检票口） and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute， a three-minute， or a five-minute story，” says Alicia Trost， the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART.“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”
24.Why did BART start the kiosk program？
A.To promote the local culture. B.To discourage phone use.
C.To meet passengers’ needs. D.To reduce its running costs.
陷阱（二） 过度推断或以偏概全
有时作者仅简单、客观地叙述事实，并未作出评论，而一些选项却扩大作者的叙述范围、进行过度推断；或者一些选项仅针对原文中某一句话进行推断，而忽略了其他信息，造成以偏概全。
【典例2】 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C篇节选）
Moreover， having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions （排放） from transporting plants from soil to salad.In addition， there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.About half of them walk or bike to work.Inside the office， they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste， carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee.
30.What can be concluded about BMF employees？
A.They have a great passion for sports. B.They are devoted to community service.
C.They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D.They have a strong environmental awareness.
陷阱（三） 偷换概念
某些干扰选项的内容与原文句子结构、词汇使用高度相似，仅在易忽视的地方略微改动某个词或表达方式，或截取部分原文中出现过的关键词，但整体意思不符合原文主旨，此类选项干扰性较强。
【典例3】 （2024·1月浙江卷阅读C篇节选）
Given the degree of doubt， Mr.Stienwand suggests， “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice， doubt has had the opposite effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts， no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.Hence， private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
31.What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A.Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B.Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C.The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D.Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
陷阱（四） 逻辑颠倒
某些选项颠倒原文逻辑，例如因果倒置、目的与手段倒置等。
【典例4】 （2021·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C篇节选）
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come.Since 1934， better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
30.What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934？
A.The stamp price has gone down. B.The migratory birds have flown away.
C.The hunters have stopped hunting. D.The government has collected money.
陷阱（五） 背离主题
某些选项背离了文章的主题思想，是对原文的曲解。
【典例5】 （2024·1月浙江卷阅读D篇节选）
A similar process is at work in our response to information.Our formative environment as a species was information-poor， so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information.But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment.We are now ceaselessly bombarded （轰炸） with new information.Therefore， just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption， we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption， resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.
34.What does the author suggest readers do？
A.Absorb new information readily. B.Be selective information consumers.
C.Use diverse information sources. D.Protect the information environment.
陷阱（六） 事实复述
某些选项仅仅是对原文事实进行简化复述，而非推断得出的结论。
【典例6】 （全国Ⅱ卷阅读B篇节选）
Still， most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more： Connecting to the community （社区） as you freely give your time， money， skills， or services provides a real joy.Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense， I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit.However， if others benefit in the process， and I get some reward too， does it really matter where my motivation lies？
27.Why does the author like doing volunteer work？
A.It gives her a sense of duty. B.It makes her very happy.
C.It enables her to work hard. D.It brings her material rewards.
技法二 写作意图题——文体特点推意图
各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的/意图题。通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。
设问方式
1．整篇文章的写作目的/意图：
(1)The author writes this passage in order to .
(2)The purpose of the text is to .
(3)What is the main purpose of the passage
(4)The author of the story wants/intends to tell us that .
2．某处细节的写作目的/意图：
(1)The author uses...in the first paragraph to .
(2)The author uses the example of...to .
(3)The author writes the last paragraph in order to .
(4)In writing Paragraph 1，the author aims to .
解此类试题常用“文体特点推意图”法。解题流程如下：
要做好写作目的题，考生必须先弄清楚文章的体裁，因为不同的文体写作目的是不同的。
【典例7】（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B篇节选）
Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.After Charlie had a heart attack， Tindale says， she was prepared to put him to sleep， but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse， Nappy， “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time， and if the past is any indication， he may be right： Since 1982， membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.“Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well，” he says.“I will do anything to help an animal.That’s my job.”
27.Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association？
A.To prove Farber’s point. B.To emphasize its importance.
C.To praise veterinarians. D.To advocate animal protection.
训练检测
A 题源：https：//www.
Many of us have read The Art Of War but how many of us have truly understood it What does the most influential and important military text have to teach us This is something that we will discuss today but first, we must shed some light on the life of Sun Tzu—The Chinese Strategist who started it all!
To fully comprehend The Art Of War, we must first understand who Sun Tzu was. The thing about Sun Tzu is that his whole existence is covered in mystery. Where did he live Where was he born How did he become so successful How did he die No one truly knows the answers to these questions.
It could be possible that Sun Tzu was born under a different name，and many claim that he was born with the name Sun Wu around 544 BCE. Sun Tzu makes the major appearance of his life as a military strategist for King Ho Lu, in the state of Wu. Sun Tzu started serving the king around 512 BCE and was also known for many victories and conquests.
Sun Tzu is also known for writing the most influential military text, The Art Of War. According to researchers, he supposedly wrote the texts during the Warring States Period (475 BCE 221 BCE). This was the time when China was divided into seven states that waged war against each other for supremacy.
The Art Of War, translated into French in 1772 and into English in 1905, is one of the world's most famous and influential military texts, and has now turned into a guide for all manner of conflicts. It is recommended by all the famous business experts and even sports coaches.
Why is The Art Of War so influential and helpful Whenever there is a battle within ourselves, or internal/external conflict in an organization, The Art Of War provides the necessary guidelines for victory. Even if the conflict is with one's competition or nature, The Art Of War gives definitive advice on how to approach that conflict and emerge victorious.
1．What is the main reason why Sun Tzu's existence is considered mysterious
A.His true name and identity are unknown.
B.His life was filled with extraordinary accomplishments.
C.His military strategies were too complex to understand.
D.He lived in a time when records were not well preserved.
2．When did Sun Tzu start serving King Ho Lu
A.Around 544 BCE. B.Around 512 BCE.
C.During the Warring States Period. D.We don't know.
3．What can we infer from the passage
A.Sun Tzu's birthplace is clear.
B.Sun Tzu's death is known.
C.The Art Of War is only useful in military affairs.
D.The Art Of War is applicable in various conflicts.
4．What is the author's attitude towards The Art Of War
A.Critical. B．Neutral.
C.Positive. D．Negative.
B(2024·河南名校联盟联考)
What will you do when you feel like a failure Feeling like a failure is part of the human experiences. Treat yourself with kindness and understand that failure does not define you, but it is a stepping stone on your journey. When you're ready, take action and challenge yourself.
As some friends were deeply lost in the world of yoga and mindfulness, I've personally struggled with the feeling of failure, not on the yoga mat, but on the road to my entrepreneurship (创业). It all began several years ago when I threw myself into the business, driven by my passion and a dream.
In the early days, optimism flowed freely, but financial struggles and sleepless nights soon followed. I questioned my decision and felt like the biggest failure. However, every difficulty became a stepping stone towards growth. I learned more from my failures than from my successes, adapting and growing stronger with each obstacle. I reached out to instructors, friends and family, sought advice and slowly saw a ray of hope. One defining moment came when I gained my first long term coaching partnership. It was a breakthrough, and my hard work paid off. Over the years, I faced many more failures, but I refused to let them define me.
Today, looking back at my journey, I realize that moments of feeling like a failure were essential to my success. They taught me humility, perseverance and the value of hard work. They shaped me into a successful entrepreneur I am today—someone who doesn't fear failure but embraces it as a necessary part of the path to success. As we approach the end of the year of graduation, remember that success is not about avoiding failure, but about how we rise after we fall. Let's support each other on this journey called life. Stay positive, stay inspired and stay true to ourselves.
1．What is the function of paragraph 1
A.To give the definition of failure. B.To list some examples of failure.
C.To introduce the topic of the passage. D.To stress the importance of experience.
2．What made the author start a business
A.Internal motivation. B.Advice from a coach.
C.Family financial crisis. D.Encouragement from friends.
3．What can be concluded from the author's entrepreneurial experience
A.To teach is to learn. B.A word spoken is past recalling.
C.Constant dropping wears away a stone.
D.Don't count your chickens before they are hatched.
4．What does the author want to do in the last paragraph
A.Inspire us with his lessons.
B.Persuade us to major in business.
C.Recall the key moments of his entrepreneurship.
D.Advocate avoiding obstacles on the way to success.
高考必 备词汇 [外刊]military adj. 军事的 shed light on阐明，解释 claim v. 声称 conflict n. 冲突；矛盾 emerge v. 出现，呈现 [模拟] a stepping stone 垫脚石 throw oneself into投身于；热衷于 optimism n. 乐观(主义) essential adj. 极其重要的
四六级桥 梁词汇 [外刊]strategist n. 战略家 comprehend v. 理解 conquest n. 征服；占领 supremacy n. 霸业；霸权；最大权力 definitive adj. 明确的；最后的；最权威的 [模拟] define v. 定义；确定；解释 mindfulness n. 正念；关心 obstacle n. 阻碍 humility n. 谦虚 perseverance n. 毅力 entrepreneur n. 创业者，企业家 embrace v. 欣然接受
合成词、 派生词 [外刊]influential adj. 有影响力的 supposedly adv. 据说 victorious adj. 胜利的 [模拟] instructor n. 教练；导师 long term adj. 长期的 partnership n. 合伙关系 breakthrough n. 突破 inspired adj. 受到启发的；有灵感的
熟词 生义 [外刊]around (熟义)prep. 在……周围 (文章义) adv. 大约 wage (熟义) n. 工资 (文章义) v. 发动 [模拟]shape (熟义) n. 形状 (文章义) v. 塑造；影响
长难句 分析 [外刊]This is something that we will discuss today but first, we must shed some light on the life of Sun Tzu—The Chinese Strategist who started it all! [分析] 本句是but连接的并列复合句。前一分句中含有that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词something；后一分句中含有who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词为The Chinese Strategist。 [译文] 这是我们今天将要讨论的内容，但首先，我们必须对孙子的生平有所了解，他是开创这一切的中国战略家！ [模拟] As we approach the end of the year of graduation, remember that success is not about avoiding failure, but about how we rise after we fall. [分析] 本句是复合句。句中As引导时间状语从句；主句中含有that引导的宾语从句和how引导的宾语从句。 [译文] 在我们即将毕业之际，请记住，成功不在于避免失败，而在于我们在跌倒后如何崛起。
学案1.21推理判断--写作意图与隐含推理答案 【典例1】 C 解题思路 根据题干中的kiosk定位至选段第二段，其中that指代第一段中的but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed，说明该阅读亭项目是为了满足人们阅读印刷物的需求。 干扰选项A（宣传地方文化）、B（减少手机使用）属于根据常识进行猜测，并未在原文中被提及。 【典例2】D 解题思路 根据选段第二段中对BMF员工生活的描述和员工自述可知，BMF员工在日常生活中践行可持续发展，约半数的员工走路或骑自行车上班。 干扰选项A（对运动有热情）、B（热衷于社区服务）、C（热爱分享日常经历）都超越了原文的表达范围，属于过度推断。 【典例3】 D 解题思路 根据选段内容可知，Stienwand建议停止人工降雨，但由于欠缺科学证据，相关质疑并未停止该项目的实施。 干扰选项A使用了原文中的原词scientific，B项与原文最后一句话高度相似，但将legal替换成了illegal，一词之差与原文意思相反，属于偷换概念。C项不符合原文文意。 【典例4】 D 解题思路 根据选段中的About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands ...land will be protected and available for all generations to come.可知，联邦政府将出售鸭票的部分收入投入候鸟保护基金，用来保护水禽、湿地和野生动物栖息地。该项法案的直接结果是政府筹集到了大量资金。 干扰选项B说的候鸟飞离是1934年颁布法案的原因，而非颁布法案的结果，属于逻辑颠倒。 【典例5】B解题思路 根据选段最后一句中的we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption， resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively可知，我们也需要更谨慎地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。因此作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。 干扰选项A建议读者“欣然接受新信息”，违背了本文想表达有选择性地接受信息的立意。 【典例6】B解题思路 根据文中的关键信息That relief is coupled with a deep ...people keep coming back for more： Connecting to the community （社区） as you freely give your time， money， skills， or services provides a real joy.Volunteering just feels so good.可以推断出，作者愿意做志愿者工作的理由是志愿者工作让她很开心。根据选段第二段中的However， if others benefit ...my motivation lies？会误选D，而D项直接简单复述了原文I get some reward。 【典例7】A 解题思路 根据题干中的American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association定位至选段第二段。Since 1982， membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.具体解释了上文中的the past，所以作者提及该组织是为了证明冒号前的he may be right。 训练检测 A篇:ABDC 本文是一篇说明文。文章先探讨对《孙子兵法》的理解，然后介绍了孙武充满谜团的生平，及其创作《孙子兵法》的背景，并强调了该书的影响力之大。 A 解析：细节理解题。根据题干信息定位到第二段中的“The thing about Sun Tzu is that his whole existence is covered in mystery...No one truly knows the answers to these questions.”可知，孙武神秘的主要原因是他的真实身份不确定。 B 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的King Ho Lu定位到第三段中的“Sun Tzu started serving the king around 512 BCE”可知，孙武是在公元前512年开始为吴王阖闾服务的。 D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Whenever there is a battle within ourselves...how to approach that conflict and emerge victorious.”可推知，《孙子兵法》在各种冲突中都能提供指导。 C 解析：观点态度题。文章对《孙子兵法》进行了详细介绍，强调了其影响力和作用，根据第五段中的“The Art Of War...military texts”和最后一段内容可知，作者对《孙子兵法》持积极肯定的态度。 B篇：CACA 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者创业的经历告诉读者，不要让失败定义自己，而是要从中学习，然后站起来迎接挑战。 C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容并结合下文作者陈述自己的创业经历可推知，第一段的作用是引出文章的主题。 A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It all began several years ago...driven by my passion and a dream.”可知，作者创业是因为激情和梦想，即内在动力。 C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In the early days...my hard work paid off.”可知，作者从一次次失败中学习，不懈努力，最终获得了一个长期的合作伙伴。由此可推知，我们可以从作者的创业经历中学到“水滴石穿”的道理。 A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容尤其是“Stay positive, stay inspired and stay true to ourselves.”可推知，作者想用自己创业的经验教训来激励读者。
学案1.21推理判断--写作意图与隐含推理
二轮复习
姓名： 班 级： 学号：
【预习要求】识记不同文体写作目的的区别并运用解题策略完成典例
一、学习目标
【考点归纳】
推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。推理判断题主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的逻辑推理能力。它所涉及的内容可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括细节推理题、写作意图题、观点态度题和文章出处题或读者对象题等。
【易错易混点归纳】
二、解题策略
技法一 隐含推断题——关键词句细推敲
隐含推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助语境进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解关键词句的真正含义， 才可能作出准确的推断。一般题干主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(得出结论)，illustrate〔举例〕说明，demonstrate说明，证实和assume(假定，设想)。
设问方式
1．It can be inferred/concluded from the text that .
2．What can we infer/learn from...
3．We can learn from the passage that .
4．The passage/story...indicates/suggests/implies that .
解此类试题常用“推敲关键词句”法。解题流程如下：
陷阱（一） 主观臆断
某些选项没有基于原文进行推断，而是主观猜测想象或根据常识进行猜测。
【典例1】 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读B篇节选）
Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read？ Yes， we all have our phones， but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well， there’s a kiosk （小亭） for that.In the San Francisco Bay Area， at least.
“You enter the fare gates （检票口） and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute， a three-minute， or a five-minute story，” says Alicia Trost， the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART.“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”
24.Why did BART start the kiosk program？
A.To promote the local culture. B.To discourage phone use.
C.To meet passengers’ needs. D.To reduce its running costs.
陷阱（二） 过度推断或以偏概全
有时作者仅简单、客观地叙述事实，并未作出评论，而一些选项却扩大作者的叙述范围、进行过度推断；或者一些选项仅针对原文中某一句话进行推断，而忽略了其他信息，造成以偏概全。
【典例2】 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C篇节选）
Moreover， having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions （排放） from transporting plants from soil to salad.In addition， there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.About half of them walk or bike to work.Inside the office， they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste， carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee.
30.What can be concluded about BMF employees？
A.They have a great passion for sports. B.They are devoted to community service.
C.They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D.They have a strong environmental awareness.
陷阱（三） 偷换概念
某些干扰选项的内容与原文句子结构、词汇使用高度相似，仅在易忽视的地方略微改动某个词或表达方式，或截取部分原文中出现过的关键词，但整体意思不符合原文主旨，此类选项干扰性较强。
【典例3】 （2024·1月浙江卷阅读C篇节选）
Given the degree of doubt， Mr.Stienwand suggests， “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice， doubt has had the opposite effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts， no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.Hence， private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
31.What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A.Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B.Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C.The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D.Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
陷阱（四） 逻辑颠倒
某些选项颠倒原文逻辑，例如因果倒置、目的与手段倒置等。
【典例4】 （2021·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C篇节选）
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come.Since 1934， better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
30.What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934？
A.The stamp price has gone down. B.The migratory birds have flown away.
C.The hunters have stopped hunting. D.The government has collected money.
陷阱（五） 背离主题
某些选项背离了文章的主题思想，是对原文的曲解。
【典例5】 （2024·1月浙江卷阅读D篇节选）
A similar process is at work in our response to information.Our formative environment as a species was information-poor， so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information.But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment.We are now ceaselessly bombarded （轰炸） with new information.Therefore， just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption， we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption， resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.
34.What does the author suggest readers do？
A.Absorb new information readily. B.Be selective information consumers.
C.Use diverse information sources. D.Protect the information environment.
陷阱（六） 事实复述
某些选项仅仅是对原文事实进行简化复述，而非推断得出的结论。
【典例6】 （全国Ⅱ卷阅读B篇节选）
Still， most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more： Connecting to the community （社区） as you freely give your time， money， skills， or services provides a real joy.Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense， I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit.However， if others benefit in the process， and I get some reward too， does it really matter where my motivation lies？
27.Why does the author like doing volunteer work？
A.It gives her a sense of duty. B.It makes her very happy.
C.It enables her to work hard. D.It brings her material rewards.
技法二 写作意图题——文体特点推意图
各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的/意图题。通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。
设问方式
1．整篇文章的写作目的/意图：
(1)The author writes this passage in order to .
(2)The purpose of the text is to .
(3)What is the main purpose of the passage
(4)The author of the story wants/intends to tell us that .
2．某处细节的写作目的/意图：
(1)The author uses...in the first paragraph to .
(2)The author uses the example of...to .
(3)The author writes the last paragraph in order to .
(4)In writing Paragraph 1，the author aims to .
解此类试题常用“文体特点推意图”法。解题流程如下：
要做好写作目的题，考生必须先弄清楚文章的体裁，因为不同的文体写作目的是不同的。
【典例7】（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B篇节选）
Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.After Charlie had a heart attack， Tindale says， she was prepared to put him to sleep， but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse， Nappy， “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time， and if the past is any indication， he may be right： Since 1982， membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.“Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well，” he says.“I will do anything to help an animal.That’s my job.”
27.Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association？
A.To prove Farber’s point. B.To emphasize its importance.
C.To praise veterinarians. D.To advocate animal protection.
训练检测
A 题源：https：//www.
Many of us have read The Art Of War but how many of us have truly understood it What does the most influential and important military text have to teach us This is something that we will discuss today but first, we must shed some light on the life of Sun Tzu—The Chinese Strategist who started it all!
To fully comprehend The Art Of War, we must first understand who Sun Tzu was. The thing about Sun Tzu is that his whole existence is covered in mystery. Where did he live Where was he born How did he become so successful How did he die No one truly knows the answers to these questions.
It could be possible that Sun Tzu was born under a different name，and many claim that he was born with the name Sun Wu around 544 BCE. Sun Tzu makes the major appearance of his life as a military strategist for King Ho Lu, in the state of Wu. Sun Tzu started serving the king around 512 BCE and was also known for many victories and conquests.
Sun Tzu is also known for writing the most influential military text, The Art Of War. According to researchers, he supposedly wrote the texts during the Warring States Period (475 BCE 221 BCE). This was the time when China was divided into seven states that waged war against each other for supremacy.
The Art Of War, translated into French in 1772 and into English in 1905, is one of the world's most famous and influential military texts, and has now turned into a guide for all manner of conflicts. It is recommended by all the famous business experts and even sports coaches.
Why is The Art Of War so influential and helpful Whenever there is a battle within ourselves, or internal/external conflict in an organization, The Art Of War provides the necessary guidelines for victory. Even if the conflict is with one's competition or nature, The Art Of War gives definitive advice on how to approach that conflict and emerge victorious.
1．What is the main reason why Sun Tzu's existence is considered mysterious
A.His true name and identity are unknown.
B.His life was filled with extraordinary accomplishments.
C.His military strategies were too complex to understand.
D.He lived in a time when records were not well preserved.
2．When did Sun Tzu start serving King Ho Lu
A.Around 544 BCE. B.Around 512 BCE.
C.During the Warring States Period. D.We don't know.
3．What can we infer from the passage
A.Sun Tzu's birthplace is clear.
B.Sun Tzu's death is known.
C.The Art Of War is only useful in military affairs.
D.The Art Of War is applicable in various conflicts.
4．What is the author's attitude towards The Art Of War
A.Critical. B．Neutral.
C.Positive. D．Negative.
B(2024·河南名校联盟联考)
What will you do when you feel like a failure Feeling like a failure is part of the human experiences. Treat yourself with kindness and understand that failure does not define you, but it is a stepping stone on your journey. When you're ready, take action and challenge yourself.
As some friends were deeply lost in the world of yoga and mindfulness, I've personally struggled with the feeling of failure, not on the yoga mat, but on the road to my entrepreneurship (创业). It all began several years ago when I threw myself into the business, driven by my passion and a dream.
In the early days, optimism flowed freely, but financial struggles and sleepless nights soon followed. I questioned my decision and felt like the biggest failure. However, every difficulty became a stepping stone towards growth. I learned more from my failures than from my successes, adapting and growing stronger with each obstacle. I reached out to instructors, friends and family, sought advice and slowly saw a ray of hope. One defining moment came when I gained my first long term coaching partnership. It was a breakthrough, and my hard work paid off. Over the years, I faced many more failures, but I refused to let them define me.
Today, looking back at my journey, I realize that moments of feeling like a failure were essential to my success. They taught me humility, perseverance and the value of hard work. They shaped me into a successful entrepreneur I am today—someone who doesn't fear failure but embraces it as a necessary part of the path to success. As we approach the end of the year of graduation, remember that success is not about avoiding failure, but about how we rise after we fall. Let's support each other on this journey called life. Stay positive, stay inspired and stay true to ourselves.
1．What is the function of paragraph 1
A.To give the definition of failure. B.To list some examples of failure.
C.To introduce the topic of the passage. D.To stress the importance of experience.
2．What made the author start a business
A.Internal motivation. B.Advice from a coach.
C.Family financial crisis. D.Encouragement from friends.
3．What can be concluded from the author's entrepreneurial experience
A.To teach is to learn. B.A word spoken is past recalling.
C.Constant dropping wears away a stone.
D.Don't count your chickens before they are hatched.
4．What does the author want to do in the last paragraph
A.Inspire us with his lessons.
B.Persuade us to major in business.
C.Recall the key moments of his entrepreneurship.
D.Advocate avoiding obstacles on the way to success.
高考必 备词汇 [外刊]military adj. 军事的 shed light on阐明，解释 claim v. 声称 conflict n. 冲突；矛盾 emerge v. 出现，呈现 [模拟] a stepping stone 垫脚石 throw oneself into投身于；热衷于 optimism n. 乐观(主义) essential adj. 极其重要的
四六级桥 梁词汇 [外刊]strategist n. 战略家 comprehend v. 理解 conquest n. 征服；占领 supremacy n. 霸业；霸权；最大权力 definitive adj. 明确的；最后的；最权威的 [模拟] define v. 定义；确定；解释 mindfulness n. 正念；关心 obstacle n. 阻碍 humility n. 谦虚 perseverance n. 毅力 entrepreneur n. 创业者，企业家 embrace v. 欣然接受
合成词、 派生词 [外刊]influential adj. 有影响力的 supposedly adv. 据说 victorious adj. 胜利的 [模拟] instructor n. 教练；导师 long term adj. 长期的 partnership n. 合伙关系 breakthrough n. 突破 inspired adj. 受到启发的；有灵感的
熟词 生义 [外刊]around (熟义)prep. 在……周围 (文章义) adv. 大约 wage (熟义) n. 工资 (文章义) v. 发动 [模拟]shape (熟义) n. 形状 (文章义) v. 塑造；影响
长难句 分析 [外刊]This is something that we will discuss today but first, we must shed some light on the life of Sun Tzu—The Chinese Strategist who started it all! [分析] 本句是but连接的并列复合句。前一分句中含有that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词something；后一分句中含有who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词为The Chinese Strategist。 [译文] 这是我们今天将要讨论的内容，但首先，我们必须对孙子的生平有所了解，他是开创这一切的中国战略家！ [模拟] As we approach the end of the year of graduation, remember that success is not about avoiding failure, but about how we rise after we fall. [分析] 本句是复合句。句中As引导时间状语从句；主句中含有that引导的宾语从句和how引导的宾语从句。 [译文] 在我们即将毕业之际，请记住，成功不在于避免失败，而在于我们在跌倒后如何崛起。
学案1.21推理判断--写作意图与隐含推理答案 【典例1】 C 解题思路 根据题干中的kiosk定位至选段第二段，其中that指代第一段中的but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed，说明该阅读亭项目是为了满足人们阅读印刷物的需求。 干扰选项A（宣传地方文化）、B（减少手机使用）属于根据常识进行猜测，并未在原文中被提及。 【典例2】D 解题思路 根据选段第二段中对BMF员工生活的描述和员工自述可知，BMF员工在日常生活中践行可持续发展，约半数的员工走路或骑自行车上班。 干扰选项A（对运动有热情）、B（热衷于社区服务）、C（热爱分享日常经历）都超越了原文的表达范围，属于过度推断。 【典例3】 D 解题思路 根据选段内容可知，Stienwand建议停止人工降雨，但由于欠缺科学证据，相关质疑并未停止该项目的实施。 干扰选项A使用了原文中的原词scientific，B项与原文最后一句话高度相似，但将legal替换成了illegal，一词之差与原文意思相反，属于偷换概念。C项不符合原文文意。 【典例4】 D 解题思路 根据选段中的About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands ...land will be protected and available for all generations to come.可知，联邦政府将出售鸭票的部分收入投入候鸟保护基金，用来保护水禽、湿地和野生动物栖息地。该项法案的直接结果是政府筹集到了大量资金。 干扰选项B说的候鸟飞离是1934年颁布法案的原因，而非颁布法案的结果，属于逻辑颠倒。 【典例5】B解题思路 根据选段最后一句中的we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption， resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively可知，我们也需要更谨慎地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。因此作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。 干扰选项A建议读者“欣然接受新信息”，违背了本文想表达有选择性地接受信息的立意。 【典例6】B解题思路 根据文中的关键信息That relief is coupled with a deep ...people keep coming back for more： Connecting to the community （社区） as you freely give your time， money， skills， or services provides a real joy.Volunteering just feels so good.可以推断出，作者愿意做志愿者工作的理由是志愿者工作让她很开心。根据选段第二段中的However， if others benefit ...my motivation lies？会误选D，而D项直接简单复述了原文I get some reward。 【典例7】A 解题思路 根据题干中的American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association定位至选段第二段。Since 1982， membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.具体解释了上文中的the past，所以作者提及该组织是为了证明冒号前的he may be right。 训练检测 A篇:ABDC 本文是一篇说明文。文章先探讨对《孙子兵法》的理解，然后介绍了孙武充满谜团的生平，及其创作《孙子兵法》的背景，并强调了该书的影响力之大。 A 解析：细节理解题。根据题干信息定位到第二段中的“The thing about Sun Tzu is that his whole existence is covered in mystery...No one truly knows the answers to these questions.”可知，孙武神秘的主要原因是他的真实身份不确定。 B 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的King Ho Lu定位到第三段中的“Sun Tzu started serving the king around 512 BCE”可知，孙武是在公元前512年开始为吴王阖闾服务的。 D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Whenever there is a battle within ourselves...how to approach that conflict and emerge victorious.”可推知，《孙子兵法》在各种冲突中都能提供指导。 C 解析：观点态度题。文章对《孙子兵法》进行了详细介绍，强调了其影响力和作用，根据第五段中的“The Art Of War...military texts”和最后一段内容可知，作者对《孙子兵法》持积极肯定的态度。 B篇：CACA 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者创业的经历告诉读者，不要让失败定义自己，而是要从中学习，然后站起来迎接挑战。 C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容并结合下文作者陈述自己的创业经历可推知，第一段的作用是引出文章的主题。 A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It all began several years ago...driven by my passion and a dream.”可知，作者创业是因为激情和梦想，即内在动力。 C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In the early days...my hard work paid off.”可知，作者从一次次失败中学习，不懈努力，最终获得了一个长期的合作伙伴。由此可推知，我们可以从作者的创业经历中学到“水滴石穿”的道理。 A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容尤其是“Stay positive, stay inspired and stay true to ourselves.”可推知，作者想用自己创业的经验教训来激励读者。