阅读理解-直接信息与间接信息 学案（含答案）-2025届高三英语二轮复习专项
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| 名称 | 阅读理解-直接信息与间接信息 学案（含答案）-2025届高三英语二轮复习专项 |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2025-01-26 12:46:52 | ||
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专题一 阅读理解
学案1.1细节理解题--直接信息与间接信息
二轮复习
姓名： 班 级： 学号：
【预习要求】
能判断该题为细节理解题并运用细节理解题的解题策略完成典例
一、学习目标
【考点归纳】
细节理解题是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。细节理解题相对比较简单，但在高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重，占阅读量的60%。细节理解题常分为直接信息题、间接信息题、数字计算题、细节排序题和正误判断题。分析近三年的高考题可知：直接信息题和间接信息题为高频考点，其他皆为低频考点。
【易错易混点归纳】
对于细节理解题，信息错位是考生经常犯的毛病。问题在于考生在紧张的考试过程中阅读不细，未找准题目所依据的事实；另外，长句难句也是阅读理解的一大障碍，考生对某些长句难句理解不透彻，造成歧义；再者，考生没有对干扰选项回原文进行验证。因此，了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。
一般情况下，干扰项有以下几个特征：
扩缩范围 与文章细节部分吻合，部分相悖
无中生有 明显与文章内容不符或没有提及
偷梁换柱 符合常识，但不是文章内容
张冠李戴 是文章细节，但不符合题干要求或不是要点
正误参半 部分正确，部分错误
一般情况下，正确选项有以下几个特征：
原词复现 选项中的某个单词或短语与原文完全一致
同义替换 对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换
语言简化 把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达
解题策略
【命题方式】
1．特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many等疑问词引出问题。
2．判断是非形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOT true或EXCEPT等的判断是非问题。此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not，never等。
3．以“According to...”开头的提问形式。
4．填空形式。如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from .
技法一 直接信息题——定位比对找答案
直接细节理解题答案与原文挂钩，在文中可直接找到答案，但往往与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。直接信息题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。设问方式多为以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。
解此类试题常用“定位比对”法。解题流程如下：
【典例1】 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C篇节选）
Specifically， it’s a farm that relies on new technology.By connecting through the Cloud， BMF is remotely monitored.Also， there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.Because the system is automated， it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.Rather than watering rows of soil， the system provides just the right amount to each plant.After harvest， users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod （容器） to get the next growth cycle started.
29.What information does the convenient app offer？
A.Real-time weather changes.
B.Current condition of the plants.
C.Chemical pollutants in the soil.
D.Availability of pre-seeded pods.
技法二 间接信息题——同义转换定答案
间接信息题常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查，会涉及人与自我、人与社会和人与自然等三大主题语境。
此类试题相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。做间接信息题时，要做到“两关注”“一防范”。“两关注”是指关注正确选项的两个特征：一是同义词替换或释义，即把文中的语言(词汇和结构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思；二是对文章信息的归纳。“一防范”是指防范干扰选项的逼真性，稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。
解此类试题常用“同义转换”法。解题流程如下：
类型1 换词类——对关键词进行同义转换
原词复现 : 【典例2】（2024·1月浙江卷阅读D篇节选）
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world， and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction.But as we’ve reshaped the world around us， dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories， we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago， and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
33.According to paragraph 3， there is a mismatch between .
A.the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B.the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C.the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D.the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
同义替换: 【典例3】 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读A篇节选）
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam， welcome to MacBike.You see much more from the seat of a bike！ Cycling is the most economical， sustainable and fun way to explore the city， with its beautiful canals， parks， squares and countless lights ...
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2，500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations， we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety， including basic bikes with foot brake （刹车）， bikes with hand brake and gears （排挡）， bikes with child seats， and children’s bikes.
21.What is an advantage of MacBike？
A.It gives children a discount.
B.It offers many types of bikes.
C.It organizes free cycle tours.
D.It has over 2，500 rental shops.
技法点拨
类型2 计算类——对具体细节信息进行加工
此类试题要求学生对具体细节信息，尤其是对相关的时间、数量等数字和信息进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，但此类试题重点不在于计算，而在于考查学生对具体细节信息的处理能力。
【典例4】 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读A）
Prices
Hand Brake， Three Gears Foot Brake， No Gears
1 hour 7.50 5.00
3 hours 11.00 7.50
1 day （24 hours） 14.75 9.75
Each additional day 8.00 6.00
22.How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days？
A.15.75. B.19.50. C.22.75. D.29.50.
类型3 概括类——概括和归纳
为了增加细节理解题的难度，命题人有时候会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题，即一道试题中涉及一段或者几段的某些内容，需要学生进行概括和归纳后才能得出答案。此类试题虽然各个细节信息都能在文章中找到，但学生需要具备一定的概括和归纳能力才能正确作答。
【典例5】 （2024·1月浙江卷阅读C篇节选）
On September 7， 1991， the costliest hailstorm （雹暴） in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs.As a result， since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture （水分） is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand， who farms in that area， has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.“Basically， the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail，” Mr.Stienwand says， “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
28.What does the project aim to do？
A.Conserve moisture in the soil.
B.Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C.Forecast disastrous hailstorms.
D.Investigate chemical use in farming.
训练检测
A篇
题源：https：//www.
Despite having a reputation as fierce, bloodthirsty predators, sharks are much more kind, varied and diverse than their portrayal in popular culture suggests. Even Steven Spielberg, the director of a 1975 film about sharks, said that he “truly regrets” painting sharks in such an evil light. His cinematic shark tale was so affecting that its release led to a rise in galeophobia (恐鲨症) and a fear of attacks which scientists have called the “Jaws effect”. In real life, sharks come in all shapes, sizes and colours. They are crucial inclusions in the ecosystems that they inhabit, keeping food webs in check and helping their marine neighbours to thrive. Unfortunately, though, our own unfounded fear of sharks has contributed to a sharp decline in their populations and led to increased overfishing.
Although they can grow large and become heavy like dolphins or whales, sharks are not mammals, they are fish. They are part of the same group of animals as rays and skates, which is known scientifically as the subclass (亚纲) Selachii. Like fish, most sharks are coldblooded and rely on their surroundings to set their body temperatures. They are cartilaginous (软骨的) fish though, so instead of having bones, their skeleton is made of the same material as our ears and nose.
Sharks are crucial for the ecosystems they inhabit. For a lot of coral reefs and seagrass ecosystems, sharks keep the number of other big fish in check, by fulfilling their role as apex (顶级的) predators. And by swallowing large quantities of algae and plankton, they avoid them overpowering coral reefs. Research has shown that some seagrass ecosystems without the presence of sharks have a harder time resisting climate change.
1．What did Steven Spielberg express regret about in relation to sharks
A.Directing the film about sharks.
B.Describing sharks as fierce and bloodthirsty predators.
C.Causing galeophobia among the public.
D.Failing to show sharks' true nature in his films.
2．What is the “Jaws effect” referred to in the passage
A.The success of the film about sharks made in 1975.
B.The decline in shark populations due to overfishing.
C.The increase in fear of shark attacks after the release of the film.
D.The popularity of shark themed movies.
3．What material is sharks' skeleton made of
A.Bones. B.Hard rocks.
C.A combination of bones and cartilage. D.Cartilage, similar to that of our ears and nose.
4．How do sharks contribute to coral reefs and seagrass ecosystems
A.By reducing the number of small fish.
B.By consuming large amounts of algae and plankton.
C.By creating homes for other marine creatures.
D.By bringing nutrients from deep waters to shallow areas.
B篇 (2024·沈阳三模)
Shanghai Pudong International Airport
Shanghai Pudong International Airport is one of the major and popular airports in pleted in 1999 with now existing 4 take－off runways and 2 terminals, it serves as the key aviation hub (枢纽) for visiting Shanghai and transferring to other cities in China.
Terminals
Shanghai Pudong International Airport Terminal 1 (T1) handles both domestic and international flights. It is divided into international (left) and domestic (right) areas.Terminal 1 was opened on September 16, 1999 and it is shaped like a seagull.
Shanghai Pudong International Airport Terminal 2 (T2) was opened on March 26, 2008 and has a similar structure as Terminal 1 although it is slightly larger. It is split into international services, on the left, and domestic flights, on the right.
On September 16, 2019, Shanghai Pudong International Airport Satellite Terminal was opened, which is located south of the airport's existing T1 and T2. This H－shaped satellite hall is the world's largest single－building satellite terminal.
Facilities and services
Currency exchange; restaurants and shops; duty free; ATMs; assistance for passengers with special needs; vending machines.
Parking
Parking lot P1 and P2 (Rates)：
First 20 minutes: Free.
First 2 hours: 10 yuan per hour. If the time is more than one hour but is less than two hours, it is charged as two hours.
Over 2 hours: 5 yuan per hour. If the time is more than two hours but is less than three hours, it is charged as three hours.
From 1 hour to 24 hours: Maximum of 130 yuan.
Every 24 hours: Calculated of the standard price.
1．When was Shanghai Pudong International Airport Terminal 1 opened
A.On March 26，2008. B.On September 16，1999.
C.On September 16，2019. D.On March 16, 2008.
2．What do we know about Shanghai Pudong International Airport Terminal 1
A.It is shaped like the letter H． B.It was completed on September 16, 2008.
C.It mainly handles domestic flights. D.It is a little bit smaller than Terminal 2.
3．How much does it cost to park for one and a half hours
A.10 yuan. B．15 yuan.
C.20 yuan. D．25 yuan.
高考必 备词汇 [外刊]reputation n. 名声 affecting adj. 感动人的 keep...in check控制…… contribute to导致；有助于 rely on依靠 large quantities of大量的 [模拟]domestic adj. 国内的；家庭的 shaped adj. 具有……形状的 existing adj. 现存的；现行的 calculate v. 计算
四六级桥 梁词汇 [外刊]predator n. 捕食者 portrayal n. 描述；描写 evil adj. 邪恶的 inhabit v. 栖居于 thrive v. 茁壮成长 mammal n. 哺乳动物 skeleton n. 骨骼 fulfill v. 实现；满足 overpower v. 压倒 [模拟]terminal n. 航站楼 seagull n. 海鸥 currency n. 货币 vend v. 售卖
合成词、 派生词 [外刊]bloodthirsty adj. 嗜血成性的 ecosystem n. 生态系统 coldblooded adj. 残酷的； 怕冷的 [模拟]take off n. 起飞 single building n. 单体建筑
熟词 生义 [外刊]paint (熟义) v. 画 (文章义) v. 把……描绘成 inclusion (熟义) n．包括 (文章义) n. 组成部分 [模拟]lot (熟义) n. 大量 (文章义) n. 场地
长难句 分析 [外刊]His cinematic shark tale was so affecting that its release led to a rise in galeophobia and a fear of attacks which scientists have called the “Jaws effect”． [分析] 本句是复合句。句中“so...that...”引导结果状语从句；which引导定语从句，修饰先行词attacks。 [译文] 他的电影中的关于鲨鱼的故事如此引人入胜，以至于电影上映后，引发了人们的恐鲨症和对鲨鱼袭击的担忧，科学家们称之为“大白鲨效应”。
二轮学案专题一 阅读理解
学案1.1细节理解题--直接信息与间接信息答案
典例一 B
第一步 找关键词：题干中的关键词为convenient app。
第二步 寻信息句：根据关键词定位选段到原文中的信息源Also， there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.。
第三步 比对答案：直接得出正确选项。
典例二 C第一步 找关键词：题干中的关键词为mismatch。
第二步 寻信息句：定位选段的最后一句But as we’ve reshaped the world around us，dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories ...we shouldn’t eat.，由此句可知，我们获取热量所需付出的成本和努力大大减少，也就是说现在我们能够轻易获取充足的食物了，但是我们的大脑仍然和数千年前一样。
第三步 比对答案：由此可知，充足的食物供应和我们一成不变的大脑这两者之间是不匹配的。
典例三 B 第一步 找关键词：题干中的关键词为an advantage of。
第二步 寻信息句：根据第二段第三句We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety，including basic bikes with foot brake （刹车） ...and children’s bikes.可知，MacBike公司的一个优势是能提供各种各样的自行车，包括带脚刹的最基本的自行车、带手刹和排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车以及儿童自行车。
第三步 比对答案：a wide variety与选项B中的many types of为同义替换。
[典例四 C
第一步 找关键词：根据题干中的关键词How much可知，应寻找价格的相关信息。
第二步 寻信息句：定位Prices中的Hand Brake， Three Gears。
第三步 比对答案：有Hand Brake，Three Gears的价格一天14.75欧元，每多一天收8欧元，因此租两天的价格为22.75欧元。
典例五 B解题导引
第一步 找关键词：题干中的关键词为project。
第二步 寻信息句：定位第一段中所提到的Alberta Hail Suppression Project， 因此根据第一段中的Airplanes seed ...hailstones.可知，飞机通过向有威胁性的风暴体播撒一种化学物质，使得小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前先变成雨落下。
第三步 比对答案：
A A项虽然出现了文中原词moisture，但moisture仅出现在下文用于介绍农民的担忧，与该项目目的无关，属于曲解文意
B 原文明确说飞机播撒化学物质，使小冰晶在形成冰雹前像雨一样落下。B项（防止冰雹形成）是对原文的归纳概括，符合文意
C C项虽然出现了文中原词hailstorms，但本文并未提及预防措施，属于正误参半
D 原文提到飞机播撒化学物质，并非检测化学物质使用情况，D项属于无中生有
训练检测
A篇: BCDB
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。尽管鲨鱼在流行文化中常被描绘为凶猛嗜血的捕食者，但实际上它们更加温和、多样，对生态系统至关重要。
1.B 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的Steven Spielberg express regret定位到第一段中的“Even Steven...he ‘truly regrets’ painting sharks in such an evil light.”可知，他后悔的是将鲨鱼描绘成凶猛且嗜血的捕食者。
2.C 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的Jaws effect定位到第一段中的“His cinematic shark tale...a fear of attacks which scientists have called the ‘Jaws effect’．”可知，“大白鲨效应”指的是1975年一部关于鲨鱼的恐怖电影上映后公众对鲨鱼袭击的恐惧增加。
3.D 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的sharks' skeleton定位到第二段中的“They are cartilaginous...their skeleton is made of the same material as our ears and nose.”可知，鲨鱼的骨骼是由软骨构成的，类似于我们的耳朵和鼻子的材料。
4.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For a lot of coral reefs...they avoid them overpowering coral reefs.”可知，鲨鱼通过消耗大量的藻类和浮游生物对珊瑚礁和海草生态系统做出贡献。
B篇 DDC
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了上海浦东国际机场的相关信息，包括机场的历史，航站楼，设施和服务以及停车场收费标准。
1.B 解析：细节理解题。根据Terminals部分第一段中的“Terminal 1 was opened on September 16, 1999 and it is shaped like a seagull.”可知，T1航站楼的开放时间是1999年9月16日。
2.D 解析：细节理解题。根据Terminals部分第二段中的“Shanghai Pudong International Airport Terminal 2...it is slightly larger.”可知，T1航站楼比T2航站楼稍微小一些。
3. C 解析：数字计算题。根据Parking部分中的“First 2 hours: 10 yuan per hour. If the time is more than one hour but is less than two hours, it is charged as two hours.”可知，停车一个半小时应该按照两小时计费，每小时10元，两个小时20元。
学案1.1细节理解题--直接信息与间接信息
二轮复习
姓名： 班 级： 学号：
【预习要求】
能判断该题为细节理解题并运用细节理解题的解题策略完成典例
一、学习目标
【考点归纳】
细节理解题是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。细节理解题相对比较简单，但在高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重，占阅读量的60%。细节理解题常分为直接信息题、间接信息题、数字计算题、细节排序题和正误判断题。分析近三年的高考题可知：直接信息题和间接信息题为高频考点，其他皆为低频考点。
【易错易混点归纳】
对于细节理解题，信息错位是考生经常犯的毛病。问题在于考生在紧张的考试过程中阅读不细，未找准题目所依据的事实；另外，长句难句也是阅读理解的一大障碍，考生对某些长句难句理解不透彻，造成歧义；再者，考生没有对干扰选项回原文进行验证。因此，了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。
一般情况下，干扰项有以下几个特征：
扩缩范围 与文章细节部分吻合，部分相悖
无中生有 明显与文章内容不符或没有提及
偷梁换柱 符合常识，但不是文章内容
张冠李戴 是文章细节，但不符合题干要求或不是要点
正误参半 部分正确，部分错误
一般情况下，正确选项有以下几个特征：
原词复现 选项中的某个单词或短语与原文完全一致
同义替换 对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换
语言简化 把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达
解题策略
【命题方式】
1．特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many等疑问词引出问题。
2．判断是非形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOT true或EXCEPT等的判断是非问题。此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not，never等。
3．以“According to...”开头的提问形式。
4．填空形式。如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from .
技法一 直接信息题——定位比对找答案
直接细节理解题答案与原文挂钩，在文中可直接找到答案，但往往与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。直接信息题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。设问方式多为以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。
解此类试题常用“定位比对”法。解题流程如下：
【典例1】 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C篇节选）
Specifically， it’s a farm that relies on new technology.By connecting through the Cloud， BMF is remotely monitored.Also， there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.Because the system is automated， it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.Rather than watering rows of soil， the system provides just the right amount to each plant.After harvest， users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod （容器） to get the next growth cycle started.
29.What information does the convenient app offer？
A.Real-time weather changes.
B.Current condition of the plants.
C.Chemical pollutants in the soil.
D.Availability of pre-seeded pods.
技法二 间接信息题——同义转换定答案
间接信息题常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查，会涉及人与自我、人与社会和人与自然等三大主题语境。
此类试题相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。做间接信息题时，要做到“两关注”“一防范”。“两关注”是指关注正确选项的两个特征：一是同义词替换或释义，即把文中的语言(词汇和结构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思；二是对文章信息的归纳。“一防范”是指防范干扰选项的逼真性，稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。
解此类试题常用“同义转换”法。解题流程如下：
类型1 换词类——对关键词进行同义转换
原词复现 : 【典例2】（2024·1月浙江卷阅读D篇节选）
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world， and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction.But as we’ve reshaped the world around us， dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories， we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago， and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
33.According to paragraph 3， there is a mismatch between .
A.the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B.the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C.the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D.the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
同义替换: 【典例3】 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读A篇节选）
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam， welcome to MacBike.You see much more from the seat of a bike！ Cycling is the most economical， sustainable and fun way to explore the city， with its beautiful canals， parks， squares and countless lights ...
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2，500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations， we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety， including basic bikes with foot brake （刹车）， bikes with hand brake and gears （排挡）， bikes with child seats， and children’s bikes.
21.What is an advantage of MacBike？
A.It gives children a discount.
B.It offers many types of bikes.
C.It organizes free cycle tours.
D.It has over 2，500 rental shops.
技法点拨
类型2 计算类——对具体细节信息进行加工
此类试题要求学生对具体细节信息，尤其是对相关的时间、数量等数字和信息进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，但此类试题重点不在于计算，而在于考查学生对具体细节信息的处理能力。
【典例4】 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读A）
Prices
Hand Brake， Three Gears Foot Brake， No Gears
1 hour 7.50 5.00
3 hours 11.00 7.50
1 day （24 hours） 14.75 9.75
Each additional day 8.00 6.00
22.How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days？
A.15.75. B.19.50. C.22.75. D.29.50.
类型3 概括类——概括和归纳
为了增加细节理解题的难度，命题人有时候会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题，即一道试题中涉及一段或者几段的某些内容，需要学生进行概括和归纳后才能得出答案。此类试题虽然各个细节信息都能在文章中找到，但学生需要具备一定的概括和归纳能力才能正确作答。
【典例5】 （2024·1月浙江卷阅读C篇节选）
On September 7， 1991， the costliest hailstorm （雹暴） in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs.As a result， since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture （水分） is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand， who farms in that area， has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.“Basically， the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail，” Mr.Stienwand says， “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
28.What does the project aim to do？
A.Conserve moisture in the soil.
B.Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C.Forecast disastrous hailstorms.
D.Investigate chemical use in farming.
训练检测
A篇
题源：https：//www.
Despite having a reputation as fierce, bloodthirsty predators, sharks are much more kind, varied and diverse than their portrayal in popular culture suggests. Even Steven Spielberg, the director of a 1975 film about sharks, said that he “truly regrets” painting sharks in such an evil light. His cinematic shark tale was so affecting that its release led to a rise in galeophobia (恐鲨症) and a fear of attacks which scientists have called the “Jaws effect”. In real life, sharks come in all shapes, sizes and colours. They are crucial inclusions in the ecosystems that they inhabit, keeping food webs in check and helping their marine neighbours to thrive. Unfortunately, though, our own unfounded fear of sharks has contributed to a sharp decline in their populations and led to increased overfishing.
Although they can grow large and become heavy like dolphins or whales, sharks are not mammals, they are fish. They are part of the same group of animals as rays and skates, which is known scientifically as the subclass (亚纲) Selachii. Like fish, most sharks are coldblooded and rely on their surroundings to set their body temperatures. They are cartilaginous (软骨的) fish though, so instead of having bones, their skeleton is made of the same material as our ears and nose.
Sharks are crucial for the ecosystems they inhabit. For a lot of coral reefs and seagrass ecosystems, sharks keep the number of other big fish in check, by fulfilling their role as apex (顶级的) predators. And by swallowing large quantities of algae and plankton, they avoid them overpowering coral reefs. Research has shown that some seagrass ecosystems without the presence of sharks have a harder time resisting climate change.
1．What did Steven Spielberg express regret about in relation to sharks
A.Directing the film about sharks.
B.Describing sharks as fierce and bloodthirsty predators.
C.Causing galeophobia among the public.
D.Failing to show sharks' true nature in his films.
2．What is the “Jaws effect” referred to in the passage
A.The success of the film about sharks made in 1975.
B.The decline in shark populations due to overfishing.
C.The increase in fear of shark attacks after the release of the film.
D.The popularity of shark themed movies.
3．What material is sharks' skeleton made of
A.Bones. B.Hard rocks.
C.A combination of bones and cartilage. D.Cartilage, similar to that of our ears and nose.
4．How do sharks contribute to coral reefs and seagrass ecosystems
A.By reducing the number of small fish.
B.By consuming large amounts of algae and plankton.
C.By creating homes for other marine creatures.
D.By bringing nutrients from deep waters to shallow areas.
B篇 (2024·沈阳三模)
Shanghai Pudong International Airport
Shanghai Pudong International Airport is one of the major and popular airports in pleted in 1999 with now existing 4 take－off runways and 2 terminals, it serves as the key aviation hub (枢纽) for visiting Shanghai and transferring to other cities in China.
Terminals
Shanghai Pudong International Airport Terminal 1 (T1) handles both domestic and international flights. It is divided into international (left) and domestic (right) areas.Terminal 1 was opened on September 16, 1999 and it is shaped like a seagull.
Shanghai Pudong International Airport Terminal 2 (T2) was opened on March 26, 2008 and has a similar structure as Terminal 1 although it is slightly larger. It is split into international services, on the left, and domestic flights, on the right.
On September 16, 2019, Shanghai Pudong International Airport Satellite Terminal was opened, which is located south of the airport's existing T1 and T2. This H－shaped satellite hall is the world's largest single－building satellite terminal.
Facilities and services
Currency exchange; restaurants and shops; duty free; ATMs; assistance for passengers with special needs; vending machines.
Parking
Parking lot P1 and P2 (Rates)：
First 20 minutes: Free.
First 2 hours: 10 yuan per hour. If the time is more than one hour but is less than two hours, it is charged as two hours.
Over 2 hours: 5 yuan per hour. If the time is more than two hours but is less than three hours, it is charged as three hours.
From 1 hour to 24 hours: Maximum of 130 yuan.
Every 24 hours: Calculated of the standard price.
1．When was Shanghai Pudong International Airport Terminal 1 opened
A.On March 26，2008. B.On September 16，1999.
C.On September 16，2019. D.On March 16, 2008.
2．What do we know about Shanghai Pudong International Airport Terminal 1
A.It is shaped like the letter H． B.It was completed on September 16, 2008.
C.It mainly handles domestic flights. D.It is a little bit smaller than Terminal 2.
3．How much does it cost to park for one and a half hours
A.10 yuan. B．15 yuan.
C.20 yuan. D．25 yuan.
高考必 备词汇 [外刊]reputation n. 名声 affecting adj. 感动人的 keep...in check控制…… contribute to导致；有助于 rely on依靠 large quantities of大量的 [模拟]domestic adj. 国内的；家庭的 shaped adj. 具有……形状的 existing adj. 现存的；现行的 calculate v. 计算
四六级桥 梁词汇 [外刊]predator n. 捕食者 portrayal n. 描述；描写 evil adj. 邪恶的 inhabit v. 栖居于 thrive v. 茁壮成长 mammal n. 哺乳动物 skeleton n. 骨骼 fulfill v. 实现；满足 overpower v. 压倒 [模拟]terminal n. 航站楼 seagull n. 海鸥 currency n. 货币 vend v. 售卖
合成词、 派生词 [外刊]bloodthirsty adj. 嗜血成性的 ecosystem n. 生态系统 coldblooded adj. 残酷的； 怕冷的 [模拟]take off n. 起飞 single building n. 单体建筑
熟词 生义 [外刊]paint (熟义) v. 画 (文章义) v. 把……描绘成 inclusion (熟义) n．包括 (文章义) n. 组成部分 [模拟]lot (熟义) n. 大量 (文章义) n. 场地
长难句 分析 [外刊]His cinematic shark tale was so affecting that its release led to a rise in galeophobia and a fear of attacks which scientists have called the “Jaws effect”． [分析] 本句是复合句。句中“so...that...”引导结果状语从句；which引导定语从句，修饰先行词attacks。 [译文] 他的电影中的关于鲨鱼的故事如此引人入胜，以至于电影上映后，引发了人们的恐鲨症和对鲨鱼袭击的担忧，科学家们称之为“大白鲨效应”。
二轮学案专题一 阅读理解
学案1.1细节理解题--直接信息与间接信息答案
典例一 B
第一步 找关键词：题干中的关键词为convenient app。
第二步 寻信息句：根据关键词定位选段到原文中的信息源Also， there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.。
第三步 比对答案：直接得出正确选项。
典例二 C第一步 找关键词：题干中的关键词为mismatch。
第二步 寻信息句：定位选段的最后一句But as we’ve reshaped the world around us，dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories ...we shouldn’t eat.，由此句可知，我们获取热量所需付出的成本和努力大大减少，也就是说现在我们能够轻易获取充足的食物了，但是我们的大脑仍然和数千年前一样。
第三步 比对答案：由此可知，充足的食物供应和我们一成不变的大脑这两者之间是不匹配的。
典例三 B 第一步 找关键词：题干中的关键词为an advantage of。
第二步 寻信息句：根据第二段第三句We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety，including basic bikes with foot brake （刹车） ...and children’s bikes.可知，MacBike公司的一个优势是能提供各种各样的自行车，包括带脚刹的最基本的自行车、带手刹和排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车以及儿童自行车。
第三步 比对答案：a wide variety与选项B中的many types of为同义替换。
[典例四 C
第一步 找关键词：根据题干中的关键词How much可知，应寻找价格的相关信息。
第二步 寻信息句：定位Prices中的Hand Brake， Three Gears。
第三步 比对答案：有Hand Brake，Three Gears的价格一天14.75欧元，每多一天收8欧元，因此租两天的价格为22.75欧元。
典例五 B解题导引
第一步 找关键词：题干中的关键词为project。
第二步 寻信息句：定位第一段中所提到的Alberta Hail Suppression Project， 因此根据第一段中的Airplanes seed ...hailstones.可知，飞机通过向有威胁性的风暴体播撒一种化学物质，使得小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前先变成雨落下。
第三步 比对答案：
A A项虽然出现了文中原词moisture，但moisture仅出现在下文用于介绍农民的担忧，与该项目目的无关，属于曲解文意
B 原文明确说飞机播撒化学物质，使小冰晶在形成冰雹前像雨一样落下。B项（防止冰雹形成）是对原文的归纳概括，符合文意
C C项虽然出现了文中原词hailstorms，但本文并未提及预防措施，属于正误参半
D 原文提到飞机播撒化学物质，并非检测化学物质使用情况，D项属于无中生有
训练检测
A篇: BCDB
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。尽管鲨鱼在流行文化中常被描绘为凶猛嗜血的捕食者，但实际上它们更加温和、多样，对生态系统至关重要。
1.B 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的Steven Spielberg express regret定位到第一段中的“Even Steven...he ‘truly regrets’ painting sharks in such an evil light.”可知，他后悔的是将鲨鱼描绘成凶猛且嗜血的捕食者。
2.C 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的Jaws effect定位到第一段中的“His cinematic shark tale...a fear of attacks which scientists have called the ‘Jaws effect’．”可知，“大白鲨效应”指的是1975年一部关于鲨鱼的恐怖电影上映后公众对鲨鱼袭击的恐惧增加。
3.D 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的sharks' skeleton定位到第二段中的“They are cartilaginous...their skeleton is made of the same material as our ears and nose.”可知，鲨鱼的骨骼是由软骨构成的，类似于我们的耳朵和鼻子的材料。
4.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For a lot of coral reefs...they avoid them overpowering coral reefs.”可知，鲨鱼通过消耗大量的藻类和浮游生物对珊瑚礁和海草生态系统做出贡献。
B篇 DDC
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了上海浦东国际机场的相关信息，包括机场的历史，航站楼，设施和服务以及停车场收费标准。
1.B 解析：细节理解题。根据Terminals部分第一段中的“Terminal 1 was opened on September 16, 1999 and it is shaped like a seagull.”可知，T1航站楼的开放时间是1999年9月16日。
2.D 解析：细节理解题。根据Terminals部分第二段中的“Shanghai Pudong International Airport Terminal 2...it is slightly larger.”可知，T1航站楼比T2航站楼稍微小一些。
3. C 解析：数字计算题。根据Parking部分中的“First 2 hours: 10 yuan per hour. If the time is more than one hour but is less than two hours, it is charged as two hours.”可知，停车一个半小时应该按照两小时计费，每小时10元，两个小时20元。