2025年中考英语一轮复习讲义 十三讲 定语从句

英语学科讲义
学员编号： 年 级：九年级 课 时 数： 2 学员姓名: 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： Jack（章老师）
授课类型 中考知识和题型讲解 专题 能力
（大脑放电影~） My name is Ryan and last summer my family and I went to an island for our summer vacation. There were so many fun and interesting things to do on the island, but my favorite was fishing. Every day, my mom, my dad, my younger brother Derek and I went to the beach. We took our little fishing boat with us. Mom didn't like fishing, so she stayed on the beach and read a book. One morning, while we were fishing, we heard a loud noise. "What was that " I asked. "Oh, don't worry, Ryan. It might be a turtle（海龟）swimming under the boat, "said Dad, Derek and I looked around the boat, but we couldn't see anything. Then we heard a different noise, which sounded like an animal. "Look, Dad, there it is!" shouted Derek. It was a sea turtle and it couldn't swim well. "Let's go closer and see what’s wrong with it, "Dad said. When we got closer, we saw that there was a piece of plastic（塑料）around the turtle's legs. "Let's help it, "I said. So Dad jumped into the water, swam to the turtle and brought it back to the boat. "There you go, little turtle; now you can swim to your family, "Dad said as he cut the plastic off. Then Derek and I put it back in the water. "I know! We should make a sign about not throwing rubbish into the sea, and put it in the sand on the beach, "I said. "I'll help, too, "said Derek. "Great idea, boys. If we don't all do something to stop sea pollution, these sea animals will die. " （ ）1. What did Ryan like doing best A. Boating. B. Fishing. C. Swimming. D. Reading. （ ）2. Who cut the plastic off the turtle A. Ryan. B. Derek. C. Father. D. Mother. （ ）3. Why did Ryan want to put up a sign A. To welcome people. B. To feed sea animals. C. To use the rubbish again. D. To stop sea pollution. When do children start to talk If you ask a group of parents when this happened, most will say" around twelve months of age". They will probably even remember what the children said. Many parents keep a diary of their child's "first words" We can never predict what a first word is going to be. Often it's the name for" mummy " or "daddy", but it could just as easily be the word for an animal or a favorite toy. Everything depends on what has most caught the child's attention. But one thing is certain: after the first word, others come quickly. By 18 months, most children have learned about 50 words. By two, the total has risen to around 200. Early words are actually one-word sentences. One of the first features（特征）of language a child learns well is to control the rise and fall of the voice to make the difference between stating and questioning. In English, daddy with a high rising tone（声调）means "is that daddy " Daddy with a high falling tone means "There's daddy". Of course, only very basic meanings can be communicated using tones alone. So it soon becomes necessary to learn some grammar. In English, grammar means learning to put words in different orders. Children have to see that mummy push is different from push mummy. They start practising such changes at around 18 months. By two, they have learned the basic patterns of word order, and we hear them saying such things as man kick ball and where daddy go. What are the parents doing all his time They're acting as teachers and they always have an active role to play in their child's language learning. （ ）4. How old are most children when they have learned about 50 words A. About 6 months old. B. About one year old. C. About 18 months old. D. About two years]old. （ ）5. Which might an English child say first when learning to talk A. mummy B. push mummy C. man kick ball D. where daddy go （ ）6. What's Paragraph 4 mainly about A. Word order. B. Word tones. C. The first words. D. Correcting words. （ ）7. Who is most responsible for a child's early language learning A. Teachers. B. Parents. C. Friends. D. Grandparents. 下面文章中有五处（第 31—35 题）需要添加小标题。请从以下选项（A、B、C、D、E和 F）中选出符合意思的标题。选项中有一项是多余选项。 How to get that job! Interviews can be quite frightening but our top five tips can help you. Don't worry — relax! Remember these things and you'll be fine. 8____________ Find out exactly where the interview is and how to get there. Remember that buses and trains can often be late so allow plenty of time. It's better to be early than late. 9_____________ Think about what the interviewer will ask you. He or she will probably ask about your qualifications（资格）and your experience but they’ll also ask you why you want the job as well. Think of some possible questions and prepare your answers before you go. 10_____________ I you wear something new it will make you feel uncomfortable. It's best to wear something smart but something you like and feel happy in. 11_____________ In the interview don't sit looking at your feet. Make sure you sit up and look the interviewer in the eye. This makes you look honest and more confident. 12______________ It's a good idea to ask questions at the interview. Ask about the company or the job. Prepare some questions before the interview. It makes you look more interested if you do this. A. Ask a question! B. Be relaxed. C. Wear comfortable clothes. D. Be on time! E. Make eye contact（眼神交流）! F. Be prepared!
通读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 然后在各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中选出一个最佳选项。 Something that I learnt from both my parents was the importance of having respect（尊重）for other people. I remember one day when we were travelling on a bus and 1 sat down while other people were standing. My mother shouted at me"2immediately! You have young legs and you don't need to sit down. "At the time I felt embarrassed about being told of 3, but now I understand. I think children nowadays have 4 that respect and it really makes me angry if I see children sitting down while _5 people are standing. One area in which we had a lot of rules was table 6 . For example, we weren't allowed to start our meal 7 the oldest person had started. We had to say "thank you" when our food was 8 , and eat everything on our plates before we could 9 the table. We couldn't make any noise when eating. Worse than that, we were only 10 to have sweets at the weekend, as a special 11 if we had been good. Although my upbringing（养育）was perhaps a bit 12 compared with modern children, I'm very thankful to my parents for giving me a clear 13 in life. Even though I was sometimes 14 I think it has made me a better person. In my view, children need clear rules, but more than that they need to learn how to get on with 15 people and realize they are not the center of the world. （ ）1. A. they B. you C. I D. she （ ）2. A. Get up B. Sit up C. Give up D. Look up （ ）3. A. in order B. in public C. in surprise D. in person （ ）4. A. won B. shown C. wasted D. lost （ ）5. A. older B. richer C. taller D. heavier （ ）6. A. designs B. manners C. materials D. sizes （ ）7. A. if B. because C. until D. though （ ）8. A. cooked B. eaten C. prepared D. served （ ）9. A. move B. book C. leave D. lay （ ）10. A. allowed B. forced C. warned D. advised （ ）11. A. lesson B. treat C. choice D. need （ ）12. A. simple B. interesting C. normal D. strict （ ）13. A. direction B. answer C. introduction D. plan （ ）14. A. protected B. encouraged C. fooled D. punished （ ）15. A. some B. other C. few D. several （你都掌握了没有呢~~~） 活动介绍类 首段： 范例1: I am pleased to know that you are greatly interested in…… , so I would like to share a piece of good news that there will be a………. . Now let me offer you some useful information. 范例2：It`s my great honor to invite you to enter a ……. .Now, Let me offer you some useful information about it. 范例3: It`s time for us to say goodbye to our school life soon. Surprisingly there is a/an …. prepared for us. Now, let me offer you some information about it。 主题段: 1.时间地点: It will be held in the classroom at three a clock in the afternoon of June 21th 2.内容 主题句:There will be various meaningful activities included in it. 要点：First of all， You will be invited to …../ you will be given a chance to….. which will.. After that， It will be more than interesting for you to…. / It will impress you a lot to ……. so that ……. At last , doing something will play an important in…. . So ….. 尾段： That`s all . I firmly believe that if you join in it , you will ….. That`s all. I sincerely hope that you can come and share the happiness /fun with us。 （总结一下你的收获吧~ ） 多积累平时练习中的单拼题和阅读理解中反复出现的中考高频词汇 掌握记忆单词拼写和中文意思的记忆方法 从已知词汇出发，推测整句话的意思进而决定填哪个单词 在填词时要注意单词的形式是否需要变化 （大脑放电影~） 1. This kind of thing only happens in films, not in r life. 2. Your mother’s or father’s brother is your u . 3. It is p to say “thank you” when someone has helped you. 4. He s his old car for ＄5,000 yesterday. He wants to buy a new one. 5. Did she enjoy h at the party last weekend 6. The girls were r their bikes around the lake while the boys were running 7. We often work t as a team in English classes. 8. I’m very s for using your computer without asking. 9. After he finished high school, my brother went to c for further education 10. She is t years old now and next year she will be fourteen. （你都掌握了没有呢~~~） 定语从句 一、什么是英语从句？ 要回答这个问题，先要弄清楚两个小问题： 1、什么叫英语的句子 一般情况下，英语句子中必定有一个主语和谓语，或者说，有主语和谓语组成的句子就是句子。例如： Mr. Wang teaches English in a middle school. Many trees were planted last spring. 2、英语句子的成份 英语的句子中，不仅只有主语和谓语，还有其它的句子成份，其中最主要的成份有：主语、谓语、宾语、状语、定语等。这几种成份在句子的位置大致是： (状语) + (定语)主语(定语) + (状语)谓语(状语) + (定语)宾语(宾语补足语) + (状语) 也就是，定语一般位于主语和宾语的前后；状语一般位于谓语的前后；及物动词后一般接宾语和宾语补足语。有一点请注意：英语句子中状语的位置非常灵活，它在句首、句中、句末都可以。 3、什么是英语的从句 在明白了英语句子的成份之后，再来讨论英语从句就比较简单了。因为，什么叫从句呢？就是英语句中的某一成份不是一个单词或词组，而是一个句子，那么这个担任成份的句子就叫从句。如果定语是一个句子，它就叫定语从句；如果宾语是一个句子，它就是宾语从句。依此类推。例如： The boy and the dog [that are in the picture ] are very lovely. (括号中that开始的句子就是定语从句) We revisited the village [where we had worked before.] (括号中where引导的句子也是定语从句) He learned [that this was a hard work (which must be finished in a week.)] (这句里有两个从句，方括号由that引导的是宾语从句；在这个宾语从句中又包含了一个由which引导的定语从句。) 因此，对于一个比较复杂的较长的英语句子来说，它就可能存在几个句子，即主句和担任各种成份的从句。从这个角度看，也可以说从句是句子中的句子。 二、定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。） （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 内容提要 定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。 一、 限定性定语从句 1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置 2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢 3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略 4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句 6. when引导定语从句表示时间 〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导 By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc. 7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格 8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导 二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。 I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。 We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。 3. 有时as也可用作关系代词 4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物 （真金不怕火炼） 用适当的关系词填空： 1. We are learning English, a language _____ is used in many places in the world. 2. Most Americans love Chinese food, ____ is cooked in a different way from western food. 3. This magazine belongs to the teacher ____ teaches us history. 4. Anyone ____ comes to China will surely visit the Great Wall near Beijing. 5. Anyone ____ has a cold should have a good rest. 6. The house _____ stands on the top of the hill was built last month. 7. The medicine _____ he bought is good for your health. 8. He is the only person ______ saw the accident yesterday. 9. Tom is trying to read in the room _____ the others are watching TV. 10. We won’t forget the day _____the hero was killed. 11. The student _____ the teachers are talking about has won the first prize in the English contest. 12. The newspaper ____ you are reading is two days old. 13. Do you remember the time _______ we got lost in the park 14. I’ll never forget the time ____ we spent together in the army camp. 15. They are building a hospital on the street ___ we used to live. 16. The present _____ he gave her yesterday evening is still unopened. 17. Happiness is one of the things _____ money cannot buy. 18. This is the hospital ______ her mother works. （总结一下你的收获吧~） 课后作业 书面表达 假定你是李平, 请阅读以下邮件, 接受邀请并回复。词数 80 左右, 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。 Hi Li Ping, How is everything going with you Next week my cousin Mike is staying with me We're having a party next Saturday. Please come! We'll have lots of drinks. But if you remember, can you bring some Chinese food The party will be starting at 6 pm. What time do you think you’ll be coming Ill probably need one or two people to help me tidy up after the party. Do you think you'll be able to stay and help Anyway, hope you can make it. Please write back to tell me if you can come or not. All he best, Matt
Dear Matt, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Li Ping 填入正确的关系副词 I’ll never forget the day _______ I joined the League. The house ________ was pulled down last week is being rebuilt. The man _______ wife died last year has gone to Japan. Tell me the reason ______ the American lady left. Do you know the boy ______ was praised at the meeting I know the girl ________ the teacher praised yesterday. Allen is the girl ________ I think will succeed in the test. Everything ____ I know will be taught to the students. This is the best film _____ I have ever seen. The manager walked toward the gate ____ the workers are waiting. You can’t go into this room ____they are having a meeting. I still remember the days _____ we studied together. The picture ____ has a house and flowers is the one I like best. Don’t make the same mistake ______ you did last time. He failed in the exam, ______ surprised us all . He did all ______ was necessary to be done. Her parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ____ family was poor. Tom, ______parents are poor workers, always goes hungry. 假如你叫 Daming,本周六你们班要去浙江大学开展研学活动（study tour）。请根据下列表格中的内容,给外籍教师 Mike 发一份邮件,告知你们的计划,并邀请他一同前往。 注意∶ 1. 文中必须包含所给的内容要点,可适当发挥;参考词汇供选择使用; 2. 文中不得出现真实姓名、学校等信息; 3. 词数∶80～100; 4. 邮件的开头与结尾已给出,不计入总词数。 内容要点 Dear Mike, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________ Yours, Daming