Unit 1 Past and present 讲义 2024-2025学年牛津译林版英语八年级下册

Unit1 Past and present
Comic strip & Welcome to the unit
Past and present (P. 6)
Past
I used to go there often in the past.
in past years/centuries adj.
The time for discussion is past.
It was past midnight when we got home.
A week went past and nothing had changed.
【练习】
Please post the letter as you go _______ the post office.
A. over B. beyond C. through D. past
Present
He gave her the painting as a present.
We do not have any more information at the present time.
Last year she was presented with an award for lifetime achievement.
at present=____________________ =now=right now（时态：______________）
- Eddie, have you seen my food
- Yes. I’ve just eaten it. (P. 6)
just adv. 刚（时态：_现在完成时_________________）
just now 刚才（时态：__________________）
他们刚到。_________________
我刚才去了图书馆。_______________________
You used to share food with me. (P. 6)
You used to be so kind to me. (P. 6)
I used to go to school on foot. (P. 7)
share
used to do sth.
in use
use paper to make a paper plane
Paper is used to make paper plane
【比较】
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事（过去某地有某物there used to be )
I used to play tennis but I don't play it very often now.
我过去常打网球，但现在不常打了。
Tom used to get up early, didn't he / usedn't he
Tom 过去常常早起，不是吗？
There used to be an old house in the mountain.
be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 get used to sth. 习惯于某事
我习惯于坐公交车去学校。
be used to do sth. = be used for (doing) sth. 被用来做某事
be used as sth. 被作为……用
Stamps are used to post letters. ＝ Stamps are used for posting letters.
邮票是用来寄信的。
【例】
He used to go fishing every Saturday. But since he changed his job, he’s barely（几乎不） had a chance. He thinks he’ll never be used to this busy lifestyle.
【练习】
1)It __________ so cold in winter a few years ago.
A. wasn’t used to be B. isn’t used to be
C. didn’t used to be D. used not to be
2)There _________ thousands of drive-in theaters in the USA.
A. used to have B. were used to being
C. were used to having D. used to be
3)_______ you ________ go swimming with your brother
A. Do; use to B. Are; using to
C. Did; use to D. Did; used to
4)He think working as a doctor was boring. But now he likes this job, and he the lifestyle of a doctor
A. is used to: used to B. used to: used to C. is used to: is used to D. used to: is used to
5)Tom is considering ______ his job because he ______ getting up so early.
A. changing; isn’t used to B. to change; isn’t used to
C. not changing; didn’t use to D. not to change; doesn’t use to consider doing sth.考虑做某事
6)Mike English,but now he is better at it than in his class.
A.is used to hate;any student B.used to hate; the other students ;
C.is used to hating; all the other students D.used to hate;all the students
7)-Didn’t your brother go to school by bike
-Yes,he did.But he walking to school now.
used to ; used to B. use to ; used to C. used to ;is used to D. use to ;is used to
8)The Yellow River _____flood large areas,but now the waters of it are used _______energy.
A.was used to;to producing B.used to;to producing
C.was used to;to produce D.used to;to produce
Reading
I’ve lived here since I was born. (P. 8)
since conj. & prep. 自……以来
过去的时间点 since 1990, since last year
现在完成时+ since + 时间段 + ago since three years ago
句子（一般过去时） since I went to school
Since 1998, we have lived here.
He has lived here since he was born.
【复习】
since conj. _________
Since everyone is here, let’s begin our class.
练习
1) She has lost ten pounds ________(自……以来) she started to do exercise.
2)Why not let it go _______ it has nothing to do with you
A. because B. though C. unless D. since
3)Good to see you again. It's almost three years _______ we met last time
A. until B. before C. while D. since
4)The Greens have lived here _______ 1997.
A. in B. before C. after D. since
I first lived in the northern part of town with my parents. (P. 8)
Northern adj.
in the north of China
in northern China
in the northern part of China
【复习】关于范围
In on to
练习
1)There are many museums in the ________(北部的) part of the city.
2)Many people want to live in the _______(north) part of this country.
3)Have you ever seen the heavy snow in the _______ part of the country
A. west B. south C. east D. northern
When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks （街区）away and we’ve lived in this area since then. (P. 8)
marry vi. & vt. 结婚，嫁，娶 adj. ______
_____________ 嫁给／娶某人
She married a football player.
______________把某人嫁给某人
They married their daughter to an old rich man.
他们把女儿嫁给了一位年老的富人。
___________________ （与某人）结婚 get/be married to sb.
动作
Yao Ming got married to Ye Li on 6 August, 2007.
This couple have been married for 50 years. 注意句子区别
【注】
表示“已经结婚”用have/has got married；表示“已经结婚多久”用have/has been married for ＋ 时间段或since ＋ 时间点。
They have got married.
They have been married for 5 years.= They have been married since 5 years ago.
（不能说成They have got married for 5 years.）
【练习】
Her parent married her ______ a rich man last year.
A. to B. with C. / D. of
wife n. 妻子pl.________
【助记】
A thief’s wife used a knife on the shelf and half a leaf to kill a wolf.
练习：The pen is one of the (wife).
Has the town changed a lot over the years (P. 8)
【重点单词】
Over adj. prep 在…上面 more than 超过
over prep. 在……期间；超过 注意时态
over the 10 years 现在完成时
He is over 30 years old. 他三十多岁了。
Now the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park. (P. 8)
turn...into...
【复习】
turn on turn off turn up ___________ turn down______；拒绝（某人）
turn around in turn 轮流
take turns to do sth. It’s one’s turn to do sth.
练习:
1)If the temperature is below 0℃, water will _______ ice in the open air.
A. turn back B. turn into C. turn off D. turn around
2)Lucy _______ a good teacher and the cinema near her school _______ a big garden now.
A. has become; has turned into B. becomes; becomes
C. has become; has become D. has turned into; has become
Was pollution a problem then (P. 9)
pollution n. 污染 vt._________
air/water/light/noise pollution
练习:
1) Our government has made a plan to stop the water and air ________(pollute) happening.
2) The smoke from local factories has p_______ the air.
3) The pollution of our beaches with oil_______ very terrible.
A. is B are C．do D. does
They often put the waste into the river. (P. 9)
waste n. [U] 浪费
The packets are measured to reduce waste.
waste n. [C] (时间、金钱等的) 浪费
Watching TV ads is just a waste of time.
waste vt. 浪费
Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation. (P. 9)
realize v. 了解，意识到；实现（目标、梦想等）
realize one’s dream=___________________________=achieve one’s dream
take action to do sth. act
improve 改善；提高
练习:
1) Have you r__________ the importance of learning a foreign language
2) Teachers should try to help all the students ________ their dreams.
A. realize B. rule C. exchange D. govern
3) Scientists are studying how ________(improve) people’s diet.
4)We all face a difficult _________(形势).
- Do you think life is better now
- Well, in some ways it is. (P. 9)
in some ways 在某种程度上；在某些方面
练习：
1)There were some big stones _________ my way _________ my way home yesterday.
A. in; on B. on; in C. in; by D. at; by
2)______, you can improve your Maths day by day.
A. In this way B. On this way C. By this way D. To this way
by the way in this way
3)---He is so crazy about reading books. As a result, we all call him a bookworm!
---So he is! If he is not reading, he is to the school library.
A. in this way B. by the way C. in the way D. on the way
It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before. (P. 9)
Become-became-become
impossible adj. 不可能的 n.
As soon as possible as often as before
练习:
1)It’s __________(possible) for you to make your dream come true if you don’t work hard.
2)To learn English well, we’d better speak it _____ possible. as much as possible
A. as soon as B. as much as C. as many as D. as oftener as
3)Nothing in the world is_______ if you set your mind to do it.
A. impossible B. wonderful C. interesting D. necessary
Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time. (P. 9)
a bit = a little + adj./adv. 稍微，有点儿
a little +不可数名词 = __________ +不可数名词
not a bit 一点儿不（= not at all）
not a little 很，非常（= very much）
He is not a bit tired. 他一点不累。
He is not a little tired. 他很累。
练习：
1)He said life without old friends was_______. He will visit some of his old friends tomorrow.
A. a bit of boring B. a bit boring C. a bit bored D. a bit of bored
2)The new monitor felt___nervous before he spoke in front of us.
A. A bit of B. A little of C. a bit D. a bit little
3)There is sheep on the farm.How lovely!
A.little B. a few C. a little D.few
4)Billy always has sleep at night.That is why he sometimes gets sleepy in class.
A. little;bit B.bit;little C. little;a bit D.a bit;a little
from time to time __________ (= at times = sometimes 有时)
【拓展】
at the same time in time on time all the time at a time for the first time
I carried many books at a time.我一次搬了很多书
lonely
练习：
1) Jack’s grandma lives _______ in a(n) _______ house, but she doesn’t feel _______ at all.
A. lonely; alone; lonely B. alone; alone; lonely
C. alone; lonely; lonely D. lonely; lonely; alone
Anyway, it’s good to see the amazing changes in the town. (P. 9)
无论任何
Amazing changes have taken place in Sunshine Town. (P. 10) n.
=Sunshine Town has changed a lot. V.
=There have been amazing changes in Sunshine Town. N.
take place 发生
【辨析】
happen指“偶然发生”时，主语为“事”；当主语是“人”时，意为“碰巧”。
sth. happen to sb. （不好的事情）
Maybe something unexpected （预料之外的）happened.
I happened to see him on my way home.
take place 表示“发生、举行、举办”， 安排。
Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.
The Olympic Games of 2024 will take place in Paris.
Tell me more about your interview with Mr Chen. (P. 11)
interview n.，意为“采访，会见”；v.，意为“采访，面试”。
interview sb．＝ _______________________________
I interviewed Mr Zhang yesterday afternoon
＝I had an interview with Mr Zhang yesterday afternoon.
interviewer
练习：
1) I will have a job ________(会见) next week.
2) After the final, the reporter had an __________(采访) with the coach of the winning team.
Has he lived in Sunshine Town all his life (P. 11)
all one’s life
Grammar 现在完成时
【中考要求】
熟练掌握动词过去分词的形式。
2．熟练掌握现在完成时的构成和基本用法。
3．初步掌握延续性动词和瞬间动词在用法上的区别。
Sb. have /has
一、现在完成时的概念
现在完成时(present perfect) ：过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，过去一段时间发生一直延续到现在并有可能延续到将来的动作或状态。
I have lost my wallet, and I feel sad. I lost my wallet. 过去的动作。
They have bought computer, they don’t need to go outside to play the computer.
You have learned English for eight years, and you will continue learn it.
I have been to Paris twice.
二、现在完成时的变化规则
规则变化-和过去式一样
三、现在完成的构成　
构成：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他。
否定式：
疑问式：肯定回答：否定回答：
按要求改写下列各句
① They have bought a computer. （改成否定句）
② He has lost his book.（先改成一般疑问句，再作肯定与否定回答）
四、现在完成时的时间标志词 (动词填空题，选择题，完成句子题注意圈出时间）
already （ ）：
I have already had lunch. ( ）
just :
Eddie has just eaten Hobo’s food. （ ）
yet,( ）not yet
Have you had lunch yet （ ） I haven’t had lunch yet.（ ）
ever ( ）
Have you ever been to Shanghai （ ）
never（否定）
I ‘ve never been to Shanghai（ ）
before
Have you ever been to Shanghai before？（ ）
Recently:
Have you bought books recently （ ）
many times, how many times, a few times, three times..............
I have read the book many times. （ ）
How many times have you read the book （ ）
for+时间段/how long:
I have lived in Wuxi for 3 years. How long
How long have you lived in Wuxi
When you lived in Wuxi I lived in Wuxi at my …..
since+时间点；since+句子，since+…ago，since then,since when,ever since, it is/has been +段时间+since+句子：
since We won’t go camping since it will be rainy tomorrow. 既然 conj.
I have lived here since I was born. (自..以来）
She has been here since 3 o’clock.
She has been away from Wuxi since 3 days ago.
We ‘ve lived here since then.（从那以后）
It is/has been 3years since i moved here.
so far=till now=until now=up to now
I have known 3000 words so far.（到目前为止）
in/over/during the past /last few years，（在过去的几年间） over the (past,last) years
Wu Xi has changed a lot in the past few years in the past
this is the best….I have ever seen;(这是我见过的最...的....)
This is the best toy I have ever seen.
This is the best place I have ever been.
例题：What a wonderful book! It’s ________ one that I ________.
A. the best; ever read B. the best; have ever read
C. good; have ever read D. good; ever read
It is the first/ second time sb have/has..(这是我第...次....)
It is the second time I have been to China.
练习：
1. - Are you going to help John with his Chinese this evening
- No．He ____ to England．He will be back next month．
A．returned B．has returned C．returns D．will return
2. Amy ____ in the town since she moved here in 2005．
A．lived B．was living C．has lived D．will live
3. - Oh，Miss Smith，your watch looks nice．Is it new
- No，I ____ it for two years．
A．have had B．will have C had D．Have
易混淆点拓展：
1.for+段时间
1.(2016无锡）—Hi, Judy. Have you graduated from college
—Yes, I _____________ (study) in Nanjing University for four years.
2.-What do you think of this city
-Great!I (stay)here for another two weeks.
My brother (jog) for 40 minutes every day when he was 20 years old.
4. The great scientist Hawking has been dead for some time, but his achievements (continue) to influence the world for many years.
5. —I wonder what makes you a successful salesman.
—I (serve) as a waiter for five years and it makes a great different to my work today.
serve
无标志时间点
1.--Turn off the radio, dear. Baby is sleeping. ---There is no need. He _has woken_(wake) up.
2. (2016无锡）The engineer _has tried_____ (try) every possible way, but still cannot get the computer started.
3.(2015无锡）—Is the little baby in this photo me, Dad
—It is. And now you (grow) into a young man. Where does the time go, huh Grow-grew-grown
4.(2013无锡）— Will you come and pick me up tomorrow morning
— Yes, I (promise). 允诺；承诺
5.--Look! Someone (clean) the blackboard.
--- Well, it wasn’t mine. I didn’t do it.
6.Be quiet!The babies have fallen (fall)asleep.
Integrated skills & Study skills
She’s just returned from the USA. (P. 16)
return vi. 返回 = come back ；归还，vt. =give back。
return to sp. =____________
return sth. to sb. ＝ give sth．back to sb. 把某物还给人。
他已经把这本书归还给他姐姐了。
He has returned
【注】
return本身含有back的意思，不能再和back连用。
练习：
1.I’m not sure when ______________ the book ______________ the library.
A. to return; back to B. returning; back to C. to return; to D. will return; to
She went abroad with her parents. (P. 16)
abroad adv. 到国外；在国外
go abroad home and abroad 国内外
How do you keep in touch with each other (P. 16)
联系某人
touch v. 触摸 touch softly Link-v. touch soft n.soft touch
We mainly communicate by email. (P. 16)
- The Internet makes communication much easier. 句子结构？
- Exactly. (P. 16)
communicate vt. & vi. 交流，交际 与某人交流________________________
communication n. 交流，交际
exactly adv. （答语）正是，没错 adj. 精确的；准确的；严谨的；严格的________
练习:
1)- You mean Dad is unhappy with what I said just now
- __________(exact).
2)I remember ________(exact) what Audrey Hepburn looked like in her first film.
3) - I hear you have been to Hong Kong Disneyland before, right
- _____, I have.
A. Exactly B. In some ways C. As a result D. First of all
练习：
1) Learning English can make it _____( )_____for you to talk with foreigners.
you easier B. you more easily C. it easier for you D. it more easily for you
It’s________ to talk with foreigners.
2)The teacher found him and gave him some difficult homework to do.
A.Was clever B.Was a clever boy C. a clever boy D.clever a boy
3)We shouldn't leave the tap _________ after we finish washing the hands. leave +n + adj.
A. run B. to run C.running D.runs
4)–Where was Mr John at that time
- -Em, we found the robot. Something was wrong with it.
A. him fixing B. he fixed C. that he fixed D. he fixing
It is easy to get used to the changes of life quickly. (P. 17)
get used to 习惯于，适应于
练习:
1) A mountain climber, Aron is used to __________(take) risks. Take risk
2) Are you used to _______(live) in the town
3) His family has _______ in China. Be used to doing / get/become used to doing
A. used to live B. used to living
C. become used to living D. been used to live
4) These residents(居民) ________ the noise from the traffic now.
A. used to B. are used to C. are getting used to D. use to
Green trees on both sides. (p18)
练习：
1)Guilin is __________ city that there are many beautiful flowers _______ of the Lijiang River.
A. such a beautiful/ on either sides B. so a beautiful/ on the two sides
C. such a beautiful/ on both sides D. so beautiful a/ on all sides
2)What did you see,Mary
---I saw a lot of trees and flowers on of the lake,and a lot of fish in the lake.
Either side B.both sides C.other side D.all sides