2025年外研版中考英语首字母填空培优训练1（九年级下册）（含答案）

2024-2025中考英语首字母填空培优训练1（九年级下册）
A
Air pollution, as we know it today, s with the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 19th century. In the last few decades, it has b a serious problem for our environment.When harmful elements get into the air, they may cause health problems and can also d the environment, buildings and soil. They make the ozone layer(臭氧层)much thinner and the climate more c （改变的）.Our modern lifestyle has l to dirtier air over the years. Factories, all kinds of vehicles, the growing number of people are the things that are r （负责任的） for air pollution today. But not all air pollution is caused by people. Smog, forest fires, dust storms and volcanic eruptions can also lead to the pollution of the atmosphere.Smog(雾霾)is a m________ of smoke and fog. It occurs（出现） when gases from hurt fuel（燃料） get together with fog on the ground. When heat and sunlight get together with these gases, they form dangerous particles（颗粒） in the air. Smog occurs in big cities with a lot of traffic ,e in the summer time. When it is very hot. Smog stays near the ground. It causes lung diseases and b problems and in smog areas, we can’t see well. Today, cities with a large p have the biggest smog problems-Los Angeles, Mexico City or Cairo. The smog often stays over the cities for many days. Thousands of people die in London every year.A lot of measures have been taken to prevent smog so far. Drivers are not a______ to drive on smog days in some cities. Factories use coal that doesn’t have much sulfur(硫磺)in it. So cars are much environmentally friendly today.
B
Sleep is not the same every night. We experience some deep sleep and some active sleep(积极睡眠), which is when dreams happen. You might think sleepwalking(梦游) would happen in active sleep, but a person isn't physically active d active sleep. Sleepwalking usually happens in the first few hours of sleep in the stage called slow-wave(慢波)or deep sleep. Not all sleepwalkers actually walk. Some s sit up or stand in bed or act like they're a when, in fact, they're asleep! Most, however, do get up and move around for a few s or for as long as half an hour.
Sleepwalkers' eyes are open, but they don't see the same way they do when they're awake and often think they're in different rooms of the house or different places altogether. Sleepwalkers tend(往往会) to go back to bed on their own and they won't r it in the morning. Doctors say sleepwalking sometimes occurs when a person is sick, has a fever, is not getting enough sleep, or is s .（有压力的） If sleepwalking occurs frequently, every night or s , it's a good idea for your mom or dad to take you to see your doctor. But occasional(偶然的) sleepwalking generally isn't something to worry about, a it may look funny or even scary (惊恐的) for the people who see a sleepwalker in action. It's important, of course, that the person is kept safe. Precautions(预防措施) should be t so the person is less likely to fall down, r into something, or walk out the front door while sleepwalking.
C
I recently heard a story about a famous scientist. Because of his great a , he was thought to be more creative than the average person. When he was asked why he was able to do this ,he gave the answer . It all came from an e with his mother when he was about two years old. "I was trying to get a bottle of milk from the fridge w I lost the bottle and it fell, spilling the milk all over the floor a sea of milk! I was f and I didn't know what to do ! " he said. His mother heard the noise and got into the kitchen. “I was c how to explain all this to you ,mom." he said . Instead of p him, she said "Robert ,what a great mess you have made! I have never seen such a huge sea of milk before! Well, s the milk has already been spilled, would you like to play in the milk for a while We can clean it up after that. " Indeed, he did so. After a few minutes, his mother said, “You know, Robert, w you make a mess like this, finally you have to clean it up." He used a sponge(海绵）and together they cleaned up the spilled milk .
His mother then said ,"you know ,we failed in how to s carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands just now .Let`s go out in the yard and fill the bottle with water to see if you can find a new way to carry it . "Then the little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without d it. What a wonderful lesson！
D
In the Renaissance Period , people became interested in higher education. They wanted to learn the a___________ languages such as Greek and Latin- languages that were used in the old times, and study mathematics, science, and so on. Many universities were set up during the 16th century. University education was a privilege (特权) of the rich. Girls were not allowed to attend and poor people could not a_________to go. A member of a w family could attend university at the age of ten. He might study in different universities and since the teaching was all d__________ in Latin, it didn’t matter which country he studied in. It was not unusual for a young boy study one year in Italy and another in France without speaking either French or Italian. It was p_________ in the 16th century to complete university without learning how to read or write. Since books were handwritten, there was not enough to give o___________ to each student. Often, only the teacher had a book. He would read to the students who would m what he said. Tests were oral, not w , In fact, many students finished school without ever writing a word. For the not so wealthy, grammar schools were built in towns. They learned b grammar and mathematics, and took part in Bible study, At home, girls learned washing, cooking, dancing, and the basics of taking care of a household. Poor children r___________ attended school. The Renaissance was a time when learners did not simply accept what they were told. They did scientific experiments themselves to search for a__________ to the mysteries (神秘) of the space. Copernicus calculated that the Earth turned around the sun but was afraid to publish his works for f that the Church would punish (惩罚) him. Galileo later supported this. The watch, the telescope and some others were some inventions of this period.
E
According to experts, the word Hutong originated from Mongolian language meaning "Well" (井). In ancient times, people tended to gather and live around wells. So the original meaning of Hutong should be "a place where people gather and live." But Hutong first a______ in Beijing during the Yuan Dynasty. The old city was c destroyed during the war. First, they had to find a center, and then built a r______ square city. At that time, there was a clear definition for “Avenue, Street and Hutong”. A 37-metre-wide road was called an avenue, an 18-metre-wide one was called a street, and a 9-metre-wide lane was called a Hutong. Most of today's Hutong were f during the Ming and Qing Dynasties that followed. Nobody knows e___ __ how many Hutongs there are in nowadays Beijing. But if we connected all the Hutongs together, their total l______ would even be longer than the famous Great wall, which is about 4000 miles.
Today you can find v______ Hutongs with different shapes, lengths or directions. The shortest one is only 40 centimeters wide. And some Hutongs have more than 20 turns.
As we walk t_____ the Hutongs, you may find most of them look almost the same with gray-colored walls and bricks. Actually inside those walls are the courtyard houses, w people live. In Chinese we call them "Siheyuan". "Si" literally means four, "he" means to surround, and "yuan" r to the courtyard. So a rectangular（矩形） wall enclosing four houses, one built on each side facing into the center, is called a Siheyuan. When they were first built, usually one Siheyuan was o___ ___ by only one family, but nowadays, with the g of the population, most Siheyuans are shared by 4 to 10 families.
F
Who is managing things in your town or city？ Someone repairs a broken window in the library. Someone makes sure the traffic lights work. Someone pumps clean water into pipes. Someone c for the animals in the zoo.
The people who do these jobs are part of the government. In most towns or cities, they work for the mayor(市长). The mayor works with other o . They manage the city and make sure that the work gets done. They fix old things, like roads and bridges. They build new things, like schools and parks. If people c , they listen carefully. Then they change things that are wrong. For example, if a law isn’t f to some people, they change it. They try to do what the people want.
Election Day is report card time! If people think the city government is doing fine, they might k the same mayor. If there are problems, they might elect a new mayor.
On Election Day, people go to different places to vote(投票). Then all the votes are c .The mayor may win or lose. For the winner, there is lots of e （兴奋）! There is a big party with balloons f in the air.The next day, it’s time to r the city or town again. The mayor must do a good job. The other members must work hard, too. After all, in a few years, there will be another Election Day.
G
Most people know that intelligence quotient (IQ) is important, but EQ is probably more important in daily life. When f an exam, EQ helps us to manage our feelings. When getting along with friends or parents, EQ helps us to c well. EQ is shaped partly by genetics（基因）. You can see some babies are quiet, while others are not.
B , EQ is something you can learn for yourself. You can learn what different feelings might mean and how they relate to yourself and others. If we learn in the right way, our EQ can get better a we get older. Children with a high EQ usually have greater success with making friends. Having a high EQ needs a few different skills. Learning about these skills can help us to i our EQ. But what are they Let’s take a look!
1. Know yourself Most people feel many different feelings t the day. Some feelings like surprise last just a few seconds. Others, like happiness and sadness, may s around much longer . B able to recognize these everyday feelings is the most basic of all EQ skills.
2. Manage yourself We all get angry. We all have disappointments. But we need to control it. It is not always the right time or place to e our feelings. When you are angry with someone, take a deep breath and s count to 10. This way, you can calm down.
3. Encourage yourself When you fail an exam, you may be disappointed. But there is something more e （有效的）you can do to encourage yourself. It gives you the energy and c to move on. It helps you to build a strong heart.
H
Bill lives in a very far village. He knows l about the outside world because he hardly ever gets our of his village. One day, he got a radio f his uncle who lives in the city. He was very excited and s the radio to all his friends. “Great!” Sheela, one of his friends, said. “Could you please get one for me, too ” another friend Mashi asked. Of course Bill felt very proud o the radio. However, the radio stopped w only a few days later. Bill was very sad but didn’t know w to do. A friend of his told h to go to the repair shop in town. So he did. The man in the shop f two dead cockroach(蟑螂) in the radio. Bill started crying. The man, of course, was surprised, “W are you crying, my boy ” Bill cried said, “Because the two singers died in my radio. How am I going to listen to nice s ”
I
Making friends is a skill. Like most skills, you can improve it if you are patient. If you want to meet people and make friends, you must be willing to take action. You must first go where there are people. You won't make friends staying home a ______ . Joining a club or a group, talking to those who like the same things as you do is much e_____ . Or join someone in some activity. Many people are n ____ when talking to new people. After all, meeting
strangers means seeing the unknown. And it's human nature to feel a bit unpleasant about the unknown. Most of fears about d with new people come from doubts (怀疑) about ourselves. We imagine other people are judging us—finding us too tall or too short, too this or too that. But don't forget that they must be feeling the s_ way. Try to accept yourself as you are, and try to make others feel at home. You'll all feel more c . Try to be brave even if you don't feel that way when you e a room full of strangers. Walk tall and straight, look d at other people and smile.If you see someone you'd like to speak to, say something. Don't wait for the other person to start a c . Just meeting someone new does not mean that you'll make friends with that person. Friendship is based on mutual (相互的) likings and "give and take". It takes time and effort (精力)for us to d friendship. And there are things that stop a new friendship from g .
参考答案
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