人教版八年级上册Unit6 I’m going to study computer science. Section A
适用学科 英语 适用年级 八年级
适用区域 人教版 课时时长(分钟) 60分钟
知识点 1.be going to 结构以及用法 2. 重点短语解释以及用法 3.课文重点解析
教学目标 知识目标:学会一般将来时态的结构以及用法 能力目标:熟练地应用一般将来时态以及基本的句型变化情感目标:能够在基本的写作以及口语中应用一般将来时态
教学重点 一般将来时态的结构以及用法,be going to 的用法以及句型的变化
教学难点 一般将来时以及其他时态的区别及用法
教学过程
一、课堂导入
What are you going to be when you grow up
How are you going to do
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
teacher pilot doctor
复习预习
教师引导学生复习上节课所学的最高级的结构 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )以及用法, (以提问、回顾的形式进行),针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑,并通过对形容词和副词具体用法的分析和扩展导入本节课所要学习的一般将来时态的结构以及用法。
三、知识讲解
知识点1:重点短语
grow up 长大, 2、be sure about对某事确信,
3、make sure 确信/有把握 4、send sth to sb 寄/送给某人某物
5、be able to 能/能够 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 6、write down写下/记下
7、have to do with必须处理某事 8、in common通常,
9、take up (doing) sth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 开始从事/着手处理/接受 10、keep on doing sth 继续做某事
11、have to do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) with 与……无关 12、have nothing to do with 与……有关 13、promise to do sth 答应做某事 14、get a lot of exercise 多锻炼
15、study medicine a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t a university 在大学学医 16、take medicine. 吃药
17、eat healthier food 吃更健康的食物
知识点2:语法 用“be going to”结构和 “ want to be”谈论生活目标。
1. 【考查点】be going ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to”结构用法:谈论理想、打算或计划可以用“be going to”结构,也可以用want to do 和plan to do 的一般现在时。“be going to”结构可以用来谈论理想、计划、打算,或者根据目前的善,推测很可能将要发生的事。含有be going to 结构的句子中往往有表示将来的时间状语。如:
①I’m going to wash clothes tomorrow.
②I want to wash clothes tomorrow.
③I plan to wash clothes tomorrow.
④Look at the black clouds. It's going to rain.看那些乌云,快要下雨了。(推测)
⑤Oh, dear! It’s 8:30. Class begins at 8:00. We’re going to be late.
注意:1、当be going to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后面遇到形容词时,要在形容词前加be,构成动词短语,因为be going to后面要跟动词原形。如:
①I’m going to be free ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tomorrow. 明天我有空。②I’m going to be busy next week. 下周我会很忙。
2、be going to中的be 根据主语而变成am, is或者 are. 如:
①I am going to get up early tomorrow.②We are going to swim tomorrow.
2. 【考查点】含be going to 的句子变否定句和一般疑问句的变法
由于句子中有助动词be,因 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )此be going to 的否定句和一般疑问句的构成很容易,即在be (am, is, are) 的后面加上not 就构成了否定句;把be (am, is, are) 放到句首,在句末加问号就构成了一般疑问句,其答语为:Yes, 主语+ am/is/are. / No, 主语+ isn't/aren't. / No, I'm not.不过 I am... 在改为一般疑问句时常常改为“Are you .... ”。例如:
They are going to wash clothes at home tomorrow . (肯定句)
They are not going to wash clothes at home tomorrow . (否定句)
—Are they going to wash clothes at home tomorrow (一般疑问句)
—Yes, they are. (No, they aren't.) (肯定及否定回答)
3. 【考查点】come ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), go, leave, arrive等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作,它们很少与be going to 结构连用。例如:
Miss Sun is coming tonight.今晚孙小姐要来。
但教材中有连用的例子,如:
He is going to go t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o a cooking school. I’m going to go to a soccer camp.
4. 【考查点】There be 句型 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的be going to 结构 There is / are going to be... 常用来表示某地将存在某人或某物。注意句型中be going to 后面的be不能改为have。例如:
There is going to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) be a football match next Saturday in our school.下周六我们学校将有一场足球比赛。There aren’t going to be any apples in winter. 冬天将没有苹果。
5. 【考查点】“be going to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) + v.原形”结构和 “ will+ v.原形”的区别:二都都可以表达将来发生的事,一般不加区分,只是在下列情况下,需要注意:
1、用be going to,不用will的两种情况:
1)当谈论计划打算时,用be going to,不用will,如:
①What are you going to do when you grow up 你长大后打算做什么?我打算当老师。
2)谈论根据现在所知,预计不久肯定会发生的事情时 ,用be going to,不用will,如:
①Look! It’s going to rain! 看,要下雨了。
2、下列情况下用will,不用be going to:
1)根据说话者的见解和观点对未来作出预言时 I think Tom will study hard from now on.
2)在说话时临时作出的决定时,一般用will的缩略式’ll.
I think I’ll go to bed. — Come to supper. — OK, thanks. I’ll bring a bottle.
3)表示意图、提议、许诺、自愿做某事或坚持做某事时 ,带有感彩,如:
①—There’s the door-bell. —I’ll go. ②I will stop smoking— I really will!
③Get up early tomo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rrow. Sure. I will. ④Don’t be late . I won’t. ⑤Don’t worry. I’ll help you.
4)表示请求和邀请时 Will you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) give me a hand
Will you come in and have a drink
5)表示命令或威胁时
You will start work at six o’clock.
I’ll beat you if you do that again.
6)表示习惯和规律时
The baby will cry when her mother leaves.
知识点3:课文重点知识讲解
1. 【考查点】when “ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )当……时” , when 引导的时间状语从句,从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时,用法相同的单词及词组 if as soon as unless
She is going to be an actor when she grows up.
Jim is a computer f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an and he wants to be a computer engineer when he grow up.
2. 【考查点】grow up 长大;成熟;成长
1. 动词短语,相当于不及物动词,其后不跟宾语。 She grew up in China.她是在中国长大的。
2. grow v.种植;使生长,为及物动词。 She grows roses in the greenhouse. 她在温室里栽培玫瑰花。
3. grow v. 生长;发育;长大,为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不及物动词。The watermelons grow well in warm dry climate. 温暖干燥的气候适合西瓜生长。
4. grow v.变得,作 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )连系动词,后面跟形容词。He is growing stronger and stronger. 他长得越来越壮。
3. 【考查点】drive v 驾驶 → driver n 司机
Mr. Green drove his car to the office yesterday. 格林先生昨天开车去办公室了。
My brother is a dri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ver, he drives to work every day . 我弟弟是一名司机,他每天开车去上班。
【拓展】
(1) 动词后加er wait →waiter 服务员
listen→ listener 听众 read → reader 读者 teach → teacher 教师
clean→ cleaner 清洁工 sing→ singer 歌手 work → worker 工人
farm→ farmer 农夫 own→ owner 主人 play →player 运动员
(2) 以e结尾的加r writ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e →writer 作家 dance→ dancer 舞蹈演员 drive → driver 驾驶员
(3) 在动词后加or visit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )→ visitor 参观者 invent→ inventor 发明者 act→ actor 男演员
doctor n医生 see the doctor 看医生 at the doctor’s 在诊所
4. 【考查点】cook
1. n. 厨师 Is your father a cook 你爸爸是一名厨师吗?
2. cook v.烹饪;煮,可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。
My mother is cooking dinner in the kitchen. 我妈妈正在厨房里做晚饭。
He cooks very well.他做饭做得很好。
3. cooker n.厨具 The cooker is very expensive.这厨具是很贵的。
cook sb.sth.=cook sth.for sb.给某人做饭.
She often cooks us delicious meals.=She often delicious meals for us.
她经常给我们做美食。
5. 【考查点】sure adj. 确信的
be sure about 确信 make sure 确保
(1) be sure +about / of +名词、代词或动名词 对……有把握
She is sure of success. 她确信会成功。
(2) be sure to do sth 务必;确信 ,相当于make sure to do sth.
I’m sure to go with you. 我确信和你一起去
(3) be sure +that 从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )We are sure that you can make great progress this term.
(4) make sure + that 从句
Make sure that you can find out the truth soon. 确保你能很找出真相。
Make sure (that) anyone else knows the secrets确保别的人人都知道这个秘密
make sure of sb./ sth 弄清楚某人/事。You should make sure of the time.你应该弄清楚时间
6. 【考查点】keep on 继续
1. Keep on doing sth继续做某事(指经过一段时间的间隙后“继续做同一件事”)
2. keep sb/ sth from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
3. keep sb.(sth.) doing sth.让某人(物) 不断做某事
The boss kept the workers working all day. 老板让工人们整天不断地工作。
4. keep in mind 记住,牢记
Keep in mind that you have to be home by nine o'clock. 记住,你必须在九点以前回家。
拓展:go on 继续 go on doing sth/ go on to do sth
7. 【考查点】not everyone 并不是每个人
1. everyone 作不定代词时视为第三人称单数,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
Not everyone likes the movie “Lost in Thailand” .
2. 部分否定: 当not 与all, every, both等连用时,表示部分否定, not 可放在这些词之前,也可放在句中。
Not all of them know the answer.
3.全部否定: 相应的表示全部否定的词。如: none ; no one; no; neither
None of them know the answer.
7. 【考查点】practice vt. 练习, 后接名词,代词或v-ing 作宾语。
Your elder sister is practicing playing the guitar in the room.
常跟v-ing 作宾语的动词有:
考虑建议盼原谅:consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon.
承认推迟没得想: admit, delay/put off, fancy.
避免错过继续练:avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice.
否认完成能欣赏: deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate.
不禁介意与逃亡: can’t help , mind, escape.
不准冒险凭想象: forbid, risk, imagine.
四、例题精析
【例题1】
When he ______,he ______ to be a policeman.
A.grow up;want B.grows up;want
C.grows up;wants D.grow up;wants
【答案】C
【解析】根据主从句的主语he是第三人称单数,动词要用第三人称单数形式,故选C项。句意为“他长大后想当警察”。
【例题2】
Why did the child ______ crying last night
A.came on B.come on
C.keep on D.kept on
【答案】C
【解析】did后接动词原形,故从B、C两项中选取一个;根据句意“昨天晚上这个小孩为什么不断地哭?”可知C项正确。come on意为“快点”。
【例题3】
We are sure ______the football match.
A.win B.to win
C.winning D.wins
【答案】B
【解析】考查be sure to do sth.。句意为“我们肯定能赢这次足球比赛”。be sure to win 意为“一定会赢”。
课程小结
重点短语解析
一般将来时态的结构以及用法
课文重点句型的用法